ELECTRONICS

Basics of practical 10/14/2015 ELECTRONICS1 AUTHOR :B.DINESH ,B.E , M.E B.DINESH, Gem Electronics and I.T solutions Training division

2 Objectives 10/14/2015  To acquire the fundamental knowledge of electronics  To understand the working of basic components  To impart learning by practice  To nurture innovation among students B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

3 DISCOVERY ELECTRICITY – ELECTRICUS(GREEK ) –AMBER-1600 –WILLIAM GILBERT 1800-BEJAMIN FRANKLIN DID KITE EXPT… Amber- a resin from trees 10/14/2015B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

4 3 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS  CURRENT  VOLTAGE  RESISTANCEB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

5 Current  Force - Flow of charges causes it -+ve to –ve terminalsB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

6 voltage  Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension  Work done –in moving a charge between point A and B volts (joule/columb)B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

7 Resistance  Degree to which Conductor opposes currentLow resistance High resistanceB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

8 Formulas connecting electricity ohms law:  V=I.R ………V-Voltage, I- Current, R- Resistance  I = V/R  Why formulas : • All Components need current • All components will melt on excess current • So precise current should be given to componentsB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

9 How to make a electronic circuit Buy components Current ,voltage Find their current, voltage requirements of each Draw your circuit component Find resistance needed for each component Draw your circuit Find resistance Draw circuitB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division Connect it 10/14/2015

10 Basic components 10/14/2015  BATTERY  LED  RESISTOR  LDR  THEMISTOR  IR SENSOR  MOTOR B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

11 BATTERY BATTERYRECHARGABLE NON- RECHARGABLE (secondary cell) (primary cell)LEAD ACID LITHIUM-ION ALKALINE MERCURY ZINC CARBON SILVER OXIDE B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

12 LEAD ACID BATTERY (RECHARGABLE )B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

13 LITHIUM ION (RECHARGABLE ) Rechargeable – button cell Lithium ion indicationTEMPERATURE CONTROL – Battery sends signal tocellphone if it is getting too hotThermistor -nodeB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

14 Alkaline battery –not rechargeableB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

15 Zinc carbon batteries (not rechargeable) Lechlanche cell – discovered by Lechlanche Metal cap Carbon rod Zinc case Manganese (iv)dioxide Moist paste of ammonium chloride Metal bottomB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

16 Silver oxide (non rechargeable cells) • All-button cells • Technologically superior to all batteries • Used in rockets, space age machinesB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

17 LED-light emitting diode  Electroluminescence – radiative recombination of electrons and holesB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division Operation : 10/14/2015 Typical -3 Volts min Current -10 -20 ma

18 Voltage and current requirementsB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

19 Resistor A device that – minimizes current and voltage Resistor = carbon + ceramic + resin(adhesive) Carbon - conductor Ceramic – insulator Resistance differs by = carbon : ceramic mix ratio3 types• 4 band• 5 band• 6 bandB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

20 B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

21 Tolerance :  Ability to bare – Eg :100ohm 10% tolerance it can acts as 100 to 110Temperature coefficient of resistance (ppm/°C) :Resistance –change with temperature+ ve temp coeff- temp Resistance- ve temp coeff- temp ResistanceB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

22 How to chose a resistor 10/14/2015  R = V/I  EXAMPLE :  GIVEN : 9VOLT BATTERY, LED – CURRENT 20MA RESISTOR = V / I = 9000 milli volts / 20 mA =450 ohms 4 5 x 10 e1 = 450 ohms 4 5 e1Colours : 4 band B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

23 B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

24 Hands on :  Problem statement : make an led glow using a battery on switch “on “B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

25 Components needed 10/14/2015  Led –green or red – 1  9V – battery  Resistor – 220 ohm or 330 ohm  Connecting wires  Crimper for cutting wires  Bread board  Switch B.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

26 Schematic or circuitB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division Fritizing based schematic 10/14/2015

27 Bread boarding for the hands-onB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division Fritizing based bread board 10/14/2015 diagram

28 Task-2 10/14/2015  Make a night lamp led that glows in the dark  Components needed • LDR • Resistor -1m,10k,220 • Transistor –BC 547 (npn) • LED B.DINES H,surya E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division

29 LDR- Light Dependent Resistor  Darkness – high resistance  Light presence – resistanceB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

30 Light intensity in LUXB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015

31 SchematicsB.DINESH, E-TREE Electonics and I.T solutions, Training division 10/14/2015