Robot

["149 Mirror The images produced by LiDAR can be colored to make elevation or distance clearer. Return beam Object LiDAR Momaro laser beam Built by the University of Bonn, LiDAR Germany, Momaro is a flexible Laser source sensor robot that can adopt a number of Photo detector gathers shapes to get around. The LiDAR Momaro\u2019s claws are sensor on its head spins around reflected laser light dexterous enough to allow to image the robot\u2019s environment. the robot to drive a car. LiDAR SENSOR LiDAR Momaro\u2019s wheeled legs can extend upward and even A light-detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor bounces lift up to avoid obstacles. light energy off its surroundings to build up a map of a robot\u2019s local environment. The light reflects off objects and is regathered by photo detectors, which calculate the distance to the object using the time taken for it to return. First deployed on aircraft to map the land below, LiDAR is now used in driverless cars, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and other robots. Some LiDAR systems send out 150,000 laser pulses every second as they sweep around to build a very detailed depth map around the robot. Sonar HOME An acronym for \u201csound navigation and ranging,\u201d 12.7 ft 15 20 25 30 sonar sensors work much in the same way as LiDAR sensors, only they send out sound waves. Sonar is 284\u00b0F used underwater because sound waves can travel 455KHz further underwater than light or radio waves. Sonar is typically used to map the ocean floor, search for Sonar image underwater hazards, or locate shipwrecks on the A sonar system produces an image of the ocean floor. shipwreck, along with information on how far away and how large it is. The sound waves are reflected off a sunken ship. The drone\u2019s top speed The drone\u2019s cameras SLAM Tracking is 25 mph (40 km\/h). map the location in all The drone is able to track a target, such as this directions in real time. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is person, even if the target makes sharp turns to Object recognition an exciting branch of robotic navigation that could try to throw it off. software on board really aid future UAVs and land robots searching instructs the drone to disaster sites for survivors. SLAM calls for substantial avoid collisions with computing power to build and continually update trees and other objects. a detailed map of a robot\u2019s precise location and surroundings. One autonomous drone, the Skydio R1, uses SLAM and six pairs of navigation cameras to build a 3-D map of its local environment, avoid collisions, and keep track of a moving object, which it films using its video camera.","150 R5 VALKYRIESPACE ROBOT The dark visor covers SPECIFICATIONS a 3-D vision system The closest robotics has come to a modern-day superhero is NASA\u2019s and camera. MANUFACTURER hotshot humanoid robot R5 Valkyrie. This battery-powered bipedal NASA bot can work alone in extreme environments without human The bot\u2019s head can assistance. Valkyrie is named after supernatural characters from tilt and swivel around Norse mythology who decided which warriors were rewarded in like a human head. the afterlife. The robot builds on many years of NASA tests and feedback of previous robotic humanoids and features numerous Each arm has seven sensors and actuators (moving parts) designed to help it carry out joints and a group of complex tasks. Its next mission is to Mars, with Valkyrie expected actuators for motion. to take its first steps on the Red Planet before human visitors. ORIGIN US MOON MACHINE The padded chest provides One of the robot world\u2019s latest lunar protection should exploration rovers is ATHLETE the humanoid (All-Terrain Hex-Legged Extra- fall on its front. Terrestrial Explorer). Like a futuristic, super-sized, six-limbed insect, this rover can walk or roll over bumpy moonlike surfaces. Complete with a releasable grappling hook and a range of excavation instruments, ATHLETE is designed to move 100 times faster than existing exploration rovers. DEVELOPED 2013","A robust, rugged, entirely electric HEIGHT humanoid robot capable of operating 6.2 ft (1.8 m) in degraded\u2026 environments. NASA PREPPING FOR FUTURE The limbs are WEIGHT removable and can 300 lb (136 kg) The Valkyrie team is constantly working to improve be replaced quickly. the bot\u2019s dexterity to enable it to work alongside astronauts in preparation for future exploration. The plastic shell covering on the leg includes fans A series of tests have pushed to keep the robot cool. POWER Valkyrie to its limits. The robot Battery can drive, climb a ladder, use The bot\u2019s heavyset power tools, and walk through The actuators legs and wide feet in the bot\u2019s legs ensure balance when unstable terrain the robot is walking. without stumbling. ensure easy This intensive movement. preparation will prove beneficial The fabric-wrapped when Valkyrie foam armor encases makes it to Mars. the robot\u2019s body for Valkyrie\u2019s upgraded version added protection. includes modified humanoid hands to improve performance on the job. Each hand has three fingers and a thumb to grasp, manipulate, and work a variety of objects and instruments with precision and care. The actuators allow the wrists to roll easily, bringing further freedom of movement. 151","152 GLOSSARY 3-D AUV computer chip An abbreviation of \u201cthree-dimensional,\u201d An acronym for \u201cautonomous A set of electronic circuits on a small meaning something that creates the underwater vehicle,\u201d a crewless piece of semiconducting material, impression of depth, height, and length. robot submarine used for usually silicon. Also known as an underwater exploration. integrated circuit. acceleration A change in speed. avatar console A representation of a human in a place A device that contains controls accelerometer where one is not physically present. for a machine or robot. An instrument for measuring acceleration. biomimetic robot data A robot that has a design inspired by Measurements or other basic actuator some aspect of the natural world, such information collected and stored by A moving part of a robot, such as a as plants or animals. a robot or artificial intelligence as motor or a robot\u2019s arm. it operates. A computer uses data bionic to decide what the robot should do. aerodynamics Having a body part or parts that The study of how solid objects move are artificial. debugging through air. The process of finding and fixing bugs biped robot (errors) in programs. algorithm A robot that uses two legs to move. A series of steps taken by a computer dexterity to solve a problem or carry out a task. central processing unit (CPU) A robot\u2019s skill in performing tasks, The part of a computer that controls especially with its arms or end effectors. android robot most of its operations. Also known A robot that is a convincing imitation as the microprocessor. domestic robot of a living human being rather than A robot designed to work alongside just a humanoid. Androids exist only cloud people in their homes. in fiction at present. A term used for specialized computers that provide services through the drone application (app) Internet, such as storing files. A remotely controlled pilotless A piece of software designed to flying machine. Some drones achieve a particular purpose. code are not true robots as they lack Instructions written in programming autonomy and usually have only artificial intelligence language that tell a computer to a basic level of intelligence. The simulation of intelligence that is do something. demonstrated by computer programs edible robot and machines. collaborative robot A robot that can carry out a task A robot that is designed to work within a human or animal after being automatic alongside humans. Collaborative robots swallowed, before its parts dissolve A word for an action that happens by normally need to have extremely high harmlessly. No fully edible robot itself with little or no human control. safety precautions so that they will not has been developed yet. hurt the humans they work with. Also automaton known as a cobot. end effector A machine that imitates the actions A part connected to the end of a robot of a person or animal but without component arm where a hand would be in humans. having any intelligence. An automaton A part of something. In robots, parts End effectors are designed to carry out is only able to perform a set of such as a sensor or a touchscreen are specific tasks and, as such, come in a predetermined movements. called components. variety of designs. Plural: automata. computer environment autonomous An electronic device that The location and conditions that a robot A term for anything artificial that can manipulates data. or other machine works in. make decisions and act upon them without human help or control.","153 exoskeleton home assistant lateral A hard external covering for the body. A type of AI that is typically for the Referring to the side or sides of Many insects have exoskeletons, and home and uses powerful microphones, something. In movement, it means some kinds of robots do, too. special software, and an Internet going sideways. connection to respond to questions facial recognition and instructions from its owner. LED The ability for a robot to remember An acronym for \u201clight-emitting diode.\u201d human faces or to be able to respond home-help robot A LED glows when a voltage is applied to human facial expressions. A robot that helps its user carry to it. out tasks at home. Some home help flowchart robots are designed to be used by LiDAR A diagram that describes a sequence. A disabled people. An acronym of \u201clight-detection and flowchart can be used to explain to ranging,\u201d a system that involves a human what a computer program is humanoid robot sending out beams of light and doing and how it arrives at its decisions. A robot with a face or body that measuring the reflected light when is designed to be similar to that of a it bounces off solid objects. Some GPS human. Humanoid robots usually have robots use it to detect things in An acronym for \u201cglobal positioning a head and arms and sometimes legs. their environment. system,\u201d a system for determining the position of something on the Earth\u2019s hydraulic longitudinal surface by comparing radio signals from Relating to the phenomenon of a Referring to something that runs several satellites. The time differences liquid moving in a confined space lengthwise as opposed to across. between the signals are used to work under pressure. Hydraulics are used out the position of a GPS receiver to to cause parts to move in some robots. machine within a few meters. Something artificial that is powered by industrial robot energy and is used to carry out a task. gripper A robot that works in a factory A part of a robot that has the ability manufacturing things. Most are single MAV to hold and manipulate objects. arms that can move in several directions An acronym for \u201cmicro aerial and can use a range of tools. Industrial vehicle,\u201d a miniature UAV gyroscope robots make up the bulk of robots in (umanned aerial vehicle). A device consisting of a wheel or disc use worldwide. mounted so that it can spin rapidly mechanical about an axis, which is itself free to alter infrared Operated by or relating to a machine in direction. The orientation of the axis A kind of light that lies just beyond the or machines. is not affected by tilting, which makes a red end of the visible light spectrum, gyroscope a useful component in many invisible to the human eye. Some robots medical assistant robot machines to provide stability. use it for navigation and communication. A robot that performs a task or tasks to help its disabled operator, and haptic interface sometimes used to refer to robots Relating to the sense of touch. A A device through which two different that help in medical procedures. robot may give haptic feedback to systems, or a human and a robot, can a human in the form of vibrations communicate. Remote controls and microcontroller or physical resistance. touchscreens are examples of interfaces. A controlling device that includes a microprocessor. hardware Internet The physical parts of a computer, such as A massive global network created microphone the exterior casing and internal circuitry. from connections between billions A device that takes sound waves and of computers. turns them into a digital signal that HD can then be amplified, transmitted, An abbreviation of \u201chigh-definition.\u201d joystick or recorded. HD relates to the resolution (quality) of A small lever used to control a machine. video, photograph, or sound data. microprocessor laser The part of a computer that controls hexapod A device that emits a focussed beam most of its operations. Also known A six-legged robot that displays a of light. Sometimes the word is used as the CPU. walking motion based on that of insects. to refer to the beam of light itself.","154 module piloted robot robot A self-contained section of a robot A robot that is controlled wholly A moving machine that is programmed or a computer program. Modules can or in part by a human. Piloted by a computer to do different be designed and tested separately and robots are not true robots as tasks. Most robots can sense their then joined to form the finished product. they do not have a reasonable environment and have some ability level of autonomy. to respond to it autonomously. monitor A screen that is used to display pneumatic robot arm computer information. Relating to the phenomenon of air A versatile, computer-controlled, jointed moving in a confined space under arm that can handle tools and do factory motherboard pressure. Pneumatics are used to work. It is the most common type of The place where various parts of a cause parts to move in some robots. robot in use. computer connect. The motherboard houses the CPU, memory, and other portable roboticist parts and is where sensors connect. A term for something that is easy A scientist or engineer who specializes to carry or move around. in making or studying robots. motor A device that changes electricity into program rotor movement. Motors are used to make A collection of instructions that A part of a machine that turns robots move. performs a specific task when around a central axis. Rotors executed by a computer. are primarily used to provide nanorobot lift in aircraft but are also used A robot so small it is visible only programming in gyroscopes. under a microscope. No nanorobots The process of giving instructions have yet been made, but possible to a computer. rover techniques for making them are A robot designed to roam around, being explored. programming language typically on a remote planet, to A formalized set of words and survey the landscape, take samples, navigation symbols that allows a person to and make measurements. The process of a human or robot give instructions to a computer. accurately figuring out where they are sensor and planning and following a route. propeller A component of a robot or machine A mechanical device that is used to that picks up information from its network drive something forward. A propeller surroundings, such as eyes or a camera. A group of connected devices consists of a central revolving shaft There are many types of sensors. that can share resources and data. with two or more broad, angled Networks can be classified by size blades attached to it. simulation or topology (layout). A computer model of something. prosthetic Robot simulations help operators neural network An artificial body part that understand how the instructions An artificial brain made by connecting replaces one that is missing, they want to give a robot will likely large numbers of electronic nerve cells, such as a leg or hand. be understood and executed by the often simulated on a computer. Neural robot in a safe environment. networks can do difficult jobs, like proximity sensor recognizing faces. A sensor that is designed to measure snakebot very small distances between a robot A type of robot that features a long, OS and an object. flexible, slender body that looks and An acronym for \u201coperating system,\u201d moves much like a snake. a piece of software that manages a radar computer\u2019s hardware and software An acronym for \u201cradio detection and social robot resources and makes it easier for ranging,\u201d a system that involves sending A robot that is designed to interact them to be used. out radio waves and measuring the and converse with humans. reflected radio waves when they piezoelectric bounce off solid objects. Some soft robot Something that produces an electric robots use it to detect things in A robot made using soft, pliable charge when put under stress. their environment. materials as opposed to hard, rigid ones.","155 software thruster The operating system, programs, and A small rocket engine on a spacecraft, firmware that allows a user to access or a secondary jet or propeller on a a computer\u2019s hardware. ship or underwater craft, used to make small alterations to the craft\u2019s position sonar or route. An acronym for \u201csound navigation and ranging,\u201d a system that involves sending transducer out sound waves and measuring the A device that converts variations in a reflected sound waves when they bounce physical quantity, such as pressure or off solid objects. Some robots use it brightness, into an electrical signal, to detect things in their environment. or vice versa. space robot transistor A robot that is designed to explore A tiny device that is used to amplify planets, moons, and other things or switch electric current. Transistors are beyond Earth. the building blocks of computer chips. stereo camera transmitter A camera with two or more lenses, Something that generates and sends or two or more cameras that work a signal. in tandem, with the aim of creating an effect similar to a human\u2019s tread stereoscopic vision. The thick part of a robot\u2019s wheel that grips the ground or any other surface. stimulus A thing or event that causes a reaction trilateration in something. Plural: stimuli. The method of determining location that a GPS device uses. It involves the GPS submersible device receiving location and time data A craft that is designed to from three GPS satellites and then using operate underwater. the information to pinpoint exactly where it is. swarm robot A small robot that has its own Turing test intelligence and can act autonomously, A blind test outlined by English but also as part of a large group of mathematician Alan Turing that centers similar robots. on the ability for an evaluator to assess whether any particular machine can be tablet computer said to be intelligent. A type of portable computer that accepts input primarily via a touchscreen and UAV outputs information mainly through An acronym for \u201cunmanned aerial apps (applications). vehicle,\u201d an aircraft piloted by remote control or on-board computers. tactile Relating to the sense of touch. A wireless robot may give tactile feedback to A type of technology whereby data a human in the form of vibrations is sent to or from a machine or robot or physical resistance. without the use of a physical connection. teaching pendant work robot A digital device that is used to A robot primarily designed to carry instruct or program a robot to do out tasks for humans. a task. It is usually tethered to the robot in some way.","156 BionicOpter 98\u201399 coding 45, 62\u201363 bipeds 34 collaborative robots 26, 54\u201355, 84\u201385, INDEX blocks 63 body language 71 108\u2013111, 127 3-D printing 80, 112, 114 body structure 14 comedians, robot 82 bomb disposal 141, 143 companion bots 24\u201325 A Braava jet 240 40 compasses 116 brachiation 118 components 14\u201315 accelerometers 106\u2013107, 116 Compressorhead 83 Achilles tendon 124, 125 C computers 12, 20, 21, 36, 47, 134 Ackerman steering 35 conductors, orchestral 84 actuators 15, 30, 113, 128, 150, 151 cameras 15, 106 controlled machines 46 aeolipile 17 3-D 59, 87 conversation 70, 80, 81 aibo 24\u201325 4-D 107 cooking robot 86\u201387 Al-Jazari 16 depth perception 32, 39, 109 coral reefs 115 algorithms 45, 47, 67, 80, 140, 145, 148 driverless cars 100\u2013101 Cozmo 44\u201345 animals see biomimetic robots and facial expressions 42\u201343, 70 Antikythera mechanism 16 HD 70, 88, 95, 120 D apps 38, 41, 45, 47, 49, 56, 100 infrared 117 Archytas 12 Mars rovers 132 Da Vinci Surgical System 58\u201359 artificial intelligence 46\u201347, 74, 75, 80, stereo 108, 109 Daleks 22 video 77 dancing robots 88\u201389, 90\u201393 81, 140 wide-angle 105 danger, sensing 106\u2013107, 126 assembly lines 10\u201311, 84 dangerous tasks 12, 60\u201361, 140\u2013141 assistant robots 42\u201343, 70\u201371, 72\u201373 care homes 87, 90, 96 data astronaut robots 150\u2013151 cars astronomical clocks 17 acting on 126\u2013127 ATHLETE (All-Terrain Hex-Legged Extra- driverless 25, 75, 100\u2013101, 106\u2013107 gathering 106\u2013107 factories 10\u201311 debugging 62 Terrestrial Explorer) 150 valet service 60 decision making 46, 47, 126\u2013127 Atlas 114 central processing unit (CPU) 15, 45, 126 decontamination 143 ATLAS 2030 25, 37 center of gravity 35, 124, 128 deep learning 74 ATRON 127 chargers 96, 109 demonstration, teaching by 52, 55, 57 automata 16\u201319 chemical reactions 112, 113 disabled people 25, 32, 36\u201337, 42\u201343, 97 automated guided vehicles (AGVs) 135 chess 46, 76\u201377 disaster response 134, 140, 142\u2013143, autonomous drones 127 children 144\u2013147 autonomous robots 46 ill\/injured 36\u201337, 91 divers 104\u2013105 autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with special needs 48\u201349, 88 Dr Who 22 Chimp 27, 144\u2013147 doctors 115 circuit boards 13 remote 61 avatars 91, 104 citizenship 80 virtual 140 cleaning 40\u201341, 46, 127 dolls, mechanical 18\u201319 B clocks 16\u201317 Dragon Runner 134 Cobalt 60 Dragonfly spacecraft 114 balance 34, 35, 118 cockpits 138, 139 drones 24, 46, 98\u201399, 126, 127, 128\u2013129, batteries, high performance 100 smart 101 136\u2013137, 140, 149 Baxter 54\u201355 biomimetic robots 20\u201321, 24\u201325, 27, 30\u201333, 96\u201399, 108\u2013113, 116\u2013119, 124\u2013125, 128\u2013129, 144 BionicANTs 108\u2013111 BionicKangaroo 27, 118\u2013119, 124\u2013125","157 E G integrated circuits 21 intelligence Eagle Prime 94\u201395 games 44, 48, 49, 71, 88 edible robots 113 gardening bots 40 artificial 46\u201347 Eelume 120\u2013123 gas power 113 higher 74\u201375 Egyptians, ancient 17 gears 45 interaction 13, 75 elderly people 97 general artificial intelligence 74, 75 Internet 13, 45, 90 Elektro 20\u201321 geological samples 133 The Iron Giant 23 electronics 21 Gimme gripper 42 Ellie 140 Gita 72\u201373 JK Elmer and Elsie 20 GPS (global positioning system) navigation eMotionButterflies 116\u2013117 Jaquet-Droz, Pierre 19 emotions 40, 61, 148 Jibo 24 Greeks, ancient 16 jokes 82, 88 recognizing human 70, 71 grippers 53, 54 joysticks 56, 134 robots 31, 38, 44, 48, 54, 76, 80, GroundBot 14, 61 jumping robots 118\u2013119, 124\u2013125 88, 89 Guardian LF1 115 Karakuri 18 end effectors 15 Guardian\u2122 S 142\u2013143 Kempelen, Wolfgang von 18 endurance technology 124 gyroscopes 72, 116 Kilby, Jack 21 ENIAC 20 Kilobots 27, 64\u201367 environmental hazards 134, 138\u2013139, H kitchens 86\u201387 140\u2013141, 142\u2013143 Kobi 40 environmental impact 121 hands 76, 77, 78\u201379, 83, 85, 86, Kuratas 94 environmental sampling 126 138 Euphonia 19 L exoskeletons 25, 36\u201337 hazards 134, 138\u2013139, 140\u2013141, EXOTrainer 27, 36\u201337 142\u2013143 language processing 80, 81 exploration 110, 134 languages help, asking for 38, 127 F Hero of Alexandria 17 foreign 19, 22, 82, 88, 90 hexapods 34 programming 62, 63 Faber, Joseph 19 HOBBIT 97 lasers 15, 71 facial expressions home-help robots 27, 32\u201333, 38\u201339, LaserSnake 60 Latro 141 recognizing human 43, 44 40\u201341, 97 LBR iiwa 52\u201353 robots 31, 38, 39, 42, 48, 54, 76, 80, 88, hospitals 58\u201359, 61, 82, 87, 96, 97 learning difficulties 48\u201349 89, 97 hotels 83 learning, robotic 47, 74, 75, 76 facial recognition 40, 77, 80, 81, 88 human-controlled robots 26, 27, 46, 56, legs 34, 35 factories 10\u201311 Leka 26, 48\u201349 FFZERO1 100\u2013101 134, 138\u2013139 LiDAR (light radar) 106, 145, 149 fighting robots 94\u201395 humanoids 27, 70\u201371, 76\u201383, 85, 88\u201389, light-sensitivity 30, 31, 39, films 22\u201323 106, 135 flotation devices 136, 137 90\u201393, 114, 150\u2013151 Little Ripper Lifesaver 136\u2013137 flowcharts 62 hydrogen peroxide 112, 113 localization 148\u2013149 flying robots 24, 46, 98\u201399, 116\u2013117, locomotion see movement 128\u2013129, 136\u2013137, 140 I loudspeakers 136, 137 food 86\u201387 LRI Wave Glider 126 frubber 80, 89 iCub 27, 76\u201379 Luigi 140 inaccessible places 142\u2013143 industrial robots 52\u201353 infrared 15, 64, 65, 116, 117, 135 insects see biomimetic robots inspection and maintenance 116, 120\u2013123, 127, 142\u2013143","158 Octobot 112\u2013113 rescue robots 136\u2013137, 144\u2013147 offline programming 62\u201363 ReWalk 6.0 exoskeleton 36 M OLED (organic light-emitting diode) 25 Rimac C_Two 25 online programming 56\u201357, 62 Robby the Robot 22 Machina Speculatrix 20 operations, surgical 58\u201359 RoboBees 128\u2013129 machine learning 74 RoboCourier 82 mapping 148\u2013149 PQ Robot Operating System (ROS) 63 marine robots 115 RoboThespian 82 Mars 150, 151 PackBot 141 robotic arms 14, 21, 26, 52\u201355, 75, Mars 2020 26, 132\u2013133 parking 60\u201361 Mars rovers 15, 132\u2013133, 148 PARO 15, 96\u201397 84\u201387, 133 MAVs (micro aerial vehicles) 108 Partner robot 85 Robotic Kitchen 86\u201387 medical assistant robots 27, 36\u201337 path-\/line-following robots 135 roboticists 15 medication, dispensing 40 pendants, teaching 56\u201357 robotics, rise of 20\u201321 medicine 58\u201359, 61, 113, 114, 115, 140 Pepper 70\u201371 robots MegaBots 94\u201395 personal assistants 47 memory loss 97 pet robots 30\u201333, 96\u201397 in culture 13, 22\u201323 Method-2 138\u2013139 piezoelectric accelerometers 106\u2013107 how they work 14\u201315 Metropolis 22 piezoelectric transducers 108 modern 24\u201325 micro bots 114 Pillo 40 types of 26\u201327 microcontrollers 98, 99, 116 piloted robots 27, 94\u201395, 104\u2013105, 134, what they are 12\u201313 MicroFactory 114 Roomba 900\/980 41, 46 microphones 70, 106 138\u2013139 ROVs (remotely operated vehicles) 120 microprocessor controllers 65 play 48\u201349 RP-VITA 61 Mini Manbo 134 power supply 15 R.U.R. 22 MiRo 12\u201313, 30\u201331 Prague Astronomical Clock 17 Mirra 41 problem-solving 75 S mobile robots 14, 64\u201367, 134\u2013135 programming mobility assistance 97 safety inspections 141 Momaro 149 offline 62\u201363 sampling 126, 133 monk, mechanical 18 online 56\u201357, 62 satellites 20, 148 moon 150 PUFFER 127 schools 91 movement 12, 13 puppet-robots 18 science fiction 13 quadrapods 34 Scratch 63 finding a way 134\u2013135 search and rescue 110, 112, 115, 136\u2013137, legs, wheels, and tracks 34\u201335 R localization 148\u2013149 140, 143, 144\u2013147 unusual 118\u2013119 R5 VRalkyrie 150\u2013151 security 60, 61 musicians, robot 83, 84, 85 radar 106 self-driving robots 100\u2013101 radio signals 46, 110, 134 sensors 12, 13, 106\u2013107 NO radioactivity 60, 106, 134, 139, 141, 142 reactions 3-D 70 NAO 90\u201393 contact 135 navigation 32, 33, 61, 72, 105, 106, 126, chemical 112, 113 distance 135 interactions 71 drop\/cliff 39, 135 133, 148\u2013149 reactive artificial intelligence 46 environmental 107, 126 nitinol 99 receptionists, robot 83 fingerprint 73 NOC robots 115 remote control 38, 46, 114, 134 fingertip pressure 77, 78 object recognition 100 remote piloting 134 force 104, 105 obstacles 34, 115, 118, 134, 135, 148 repetitive tasks 12 light 30, 31, 39, 106, 135 OceanOne 104\u2013105 Rero 126 motion 15 octopods 34 optical floor 108","159 perception 32, 46 stress levels 48, 97 vertical movement 119 pressure 15 submarines, robot 115 vibration motors 65 proprioception 32, 76 submersible robots 104\u2013105 vinebot 115 sonar 30, 39, 90 supermarkets 61 violin-playing 83 sound 13, 30, 31, 70, 76, 77 surgical robots 58\u201359 vision, stereoscopic 104, 105 thermal imaging 106 surveillance 61, 112, 140, 142, 143 voice assistant robots 24 touch 12, 30, 45, 71, 76, 77, 87, 90, 97 swarm robots 27, 64\u201367, 116\u2013117, voice commands 39, 97 vision 76, 77, 90 voice recognition 90 sewers 140 128\u2013129 shape shifting 126\u2013127 swimming pools 41 WYZ SharkSpotter 136 swinging 118\u2013119 shelf-stacking 61 walking 36\u201337 shops, automated 47 T Walter, W. Grey 20 simulators, robot 63 water clocks 16\u201317 SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and tablet apps 49 water pressure 107 Mapping) 149 Tally 61 weapons 95 slithering 118 Talos 16 wearable bots 25, 36\u201337 smackdown 94 Tarzan 118\u2013119 wheelchairs 42\u201343 smartPAD controllers 52, 53 teaching pendants 56\u201357 Wheelie 7 42\u201343 smartphones 45, 46, 47, 56, 84, 100, 101, teamwork 110 wheels 140 television 22\u201323 snakebots 14, 118, 127, 142\u2013143 Terminator 22\u201323 movement 35 Snookie 107 tethers, electrical 129 pendants 56 snow clearing 40 theater 22 wings 98\u201399, 116\u2013117, 129 soccer 90 therapy robots 96\u201397 wireless controllers 64, 134 social humanoids 80\u201381 thinking 10, 12, 13 wireless network 108 social interaction 71 thumbs 76 work robots 26, 60\u201361, 108\u2013111 social robots 24, 26, 80\u201381, 88\u201389 Titan 114 YuMi 26, 84\u201385 soft lithography 112 touch control 39 Zenbo 27, 38\u201339 soft robotics 113, 127 touch feedback 105 Zeno 88\u201389 soft-body robots 112\u2013113 touchscreen 56, 88, 134 software 62 toy robots 44\u201345 solar cells 15 tracks 34, 94, 95, 144\u2013145 Sophia 80\u201381 training 52, 55, 57, 86 Space Race 20, 21 transducers 108 space robots 26, 114, 132\u2013133, 150\u2013151 transistors 21 Sparko 20\u201321 translations 90 speech recognition 38, 47, 75 trumpet-playing 85 spider bots 141 Turriano, Juanelo 18 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 36 Spot 33 UV SpotMini 32\u201333 Sputnik 1 20 UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) 24, 46, stability 34, 35 136\u2013137, 140 Stan 60 Star Trek 23 ultrasound 15, 71 stereo vision 32, 33 \u201cuncanny valley\u201d 81 storage boxes, moving 72 underwater robots 104\u2013105, 107, 112\u2013113, 115, 120\u2013123, 134, 149 vacuum cleaners 41, 46, 135","160 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the Universal Images Group (tc). 23 Alamy Stock APA-PictureDesk GmbH (br). 98-99 Festo. following people for their assistance with Photo: AF Archive (br); Everett Collection 100-101 Farady Future. 100 Farady this book: Tony Prescott, Michael Szollosy, Inc (cr). Dreamstime.com: Mark Eaton (tr). Future. 101 Farady Future. 102-103 Jonathan Aiken, Daniel Camilleri, Michael 24-25 Alamy Stock Photo: Aflo Co. Ltd. Festo. 104-105 Teddy Seguin: \u00a9 Osada Port, Giovanni Reina, Salah Talamali, and (bc). 24 123RF.com: Alexander Kolomietz \/ Seguin \/ DRASSM (c\/main robot image). Natalie Wood from the robotics laboratory (bl). Getty Images: The Washington Post (tl). 105 Teddy Seguin: \u00a9 Osada \/ Seguin \/ in the University of Sheffield, UK; Priyanka 25 Dorling Kindersley: Richard Leeney (bc\/ DRASSM (br). 108-109 Festo. 109 Festo. Kharbanda, Smita Mathur, Sophie Parkes, ball). Marsi Bionics: (cr). Rimac Automobili: 110-111 Festo: (c). 112-113 Harvard Neha Ruth Samuel, and Vatsal Verma for (tl). 26 ABB Ltd.. Dorling Kindersley. John A. Paulson School of Engineering editorial assistance; Mansi Agarwal, Priyanka Leka: (cl). NASA: JPL (bl). 27 ASUS: (cr). and Applied Sciences: (all photos). 114 Bansal, Kanupriya Lal, Arun Pottirayil, and Dorling Kindersley. Festo. Getty Images: Courtesy of Boston Dynamics: (cl). Johns Heena Sharma for making illustrations; David Hecker (tl); Chip Somodevilla (tr). Hopkins University Applied Physics Katie John for proofreading; and Helen Marsi Bionics. 28 ASUS. 29 ASUS. 30-31 Laboratory: (br). SRI International: (tr). Peters for indexing. Dorling Kindersley. 32-33 Courtesy 115 National Oceanography Centre, of Boston Dynamics. 32 Courtesy of Southampton: (tc). RSE:RobotsISE.org. Picture Credits Boston Dynamics. 33 Courtesy of Boston Stanford News Service. : Linda A. Cicero Dynamics. 36-37 Marsi Bionics. 36 (br). 116-117 Festo: (all photos). 120-121 The publisher would like to thank the ReWalk Robotics GmbH: (bl). 37 Marsi Eelume AS: (all photos). 122-123 Eelume following for their kind permission to Bionics: (tc). 38 Dorling Kindersley: AS. 124-125 Festo. 128 Harvard John reproduce their photographs: Dreamstime.com \/ Prykhodov (tl). 38-39 A. Paulson School of Engineering and ASUS. 39 Dorling Kindersley. 40 iRobot: Applied Sciences. 128-129 Harvard John (Key: a-above; b-below\/bottom; c-center; (cr). The Kobi Company: (tl). Pillo Inc: (bl). A. Paulson School of Engineering and f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top) 41 iRobot. 42-43 HOOBOX Robotics: (all Applied Sciences. 129 Harvard John photos ). 44-45 Anki. 44 Anki. 45 Anki. A. Paulson School of Engineering and 1 The Ripper Group International: (c). 48-49 Leka: (all photos apart from tablet Applied Sciences. 130-131 NASA: JSC (c). 2-3 \u00a9 Engineered Arts Limited: (c). at bottom left). 48 Dorling Kindersley. 132-133 NASA: JPL (c). 133 NASA: JPL (c). 4 Alamy Stock Photo: Aflo Co. Ltd. (br). 50-51 Dorling Kindersley. 52 Dorling 136-137 The Ripper Group International: 5 Dorling Kindersley. Marsi Bionics. Kindersley. 52-53 Dorling Kindersley. (c). 136 The Ripper Group International. 6 Dorling Kindersley. Festo. 7 Dorling 53 Getty Images: Bloomberg (bl). 54- 138-139 HANKOOK MIRAE TECHNOLOGY, Kindersley. NASA: JSC (bl). 8 Dorling 55 Dorling Kindersley. 58-59 Getty www.k-technology.co.kr. 138 Getty Kindersley. 10-11 Alamy Stock Photo: Images: 3alexd (c). 58 Intuitive Surgical, Images: Chung Sung-Jun (ca). HANKOOK dpa picture alliance (c). 12 Alamy Stock Inc.. 59 Intuitive Surgical, Inc.: (br). 60 MIRAE TECHNOLOGY, www.k-technology. Photo: Chronicle (bl); ZUMA Press, Inc Cobalt Robotics: Gustav Rehnby (cl, bl). OC co.kr: (tl). 140 Lockheed Martin: (tr). (bc). Dorling Kindersley. Getty Images: Robotics: (cr). 60-61 Stanley Robotics: (tc). Massachusetts Institute of Technology baranozdemir (br). 13 Dorling Kindersley. 61 iRobot. Rotundus AB. Simbe Robotics (MIT): Underworlds is a project by the MIT Rex by Shutterstock: Tony Kyriacou (bl). Inc: (cl). 64-65 Dorling Kindersley: (all Senseable CIty Lab and Alm Lab (cl, c, bc). 14 Rex by Shutterstock: Carnegie Mellon photos). 66-67 Dorling Kindersley. 68- USC Institute for Creative Technologies: University (tr). Rotundus AB: (cr). 14-15 69 Dorling Kindersley. 70-71 Dorling (br). 141 Farshad Arvin: (bc). DVIDS: Festo. 15 Dorling Kindersley. Getty Kindersley. 72-73 Piaggio Fast Forward: Sgt Cody Quinn (tr). 142-143 Sarcos: Images: Monty Rakusen (tl). NASA: JPL (all photos). 76-77 Dorling Kindersley. 76 (all photos). 144-145 Carnegie Mellon (cr). 16 Alamy Stock Photo: Malcolm Dorling Kindersley. Getty Images: David University. 146-147 Carnegie Mellon Park editorial (bl). Rex by Shutterstock: Hecker (tl). 78-79 Dorling Kindersley. 80- University: (c). 150-151 NASA: JSC (c). Cardiff Univeristy \/ Epa (cl). 16-17 Alamy 81 Matthew Shave for Stylist Magazine: 150 NASA: JPL (br) Stock Photo: World History Archive (tc). (c). 81 Rex by Shutterstock: Ken McKay 17 123RF.com: tomas1111 (bc). Alamy \/ ITV (crb). Matthew Shave for Stylist All other images \u00a9 Dorling Kindersley Stock Photo: North Wind Picture Archives Magazine. 82 \u00a9 Engineered Arts Limited: For further information see: (bl). 18 akg-images: Eric Lessing (tl). Alamy (bl). Swisslog Healthcare: (tl). Waseda www.dkimages.com Stock Photo: INTERFOTO (bl). 18-19 Rex University., Tokyo, Japan: Atsuo Takanishi by Shutterstock: Everett Kennedy Brown \/ Lab. (c). 83 Compressorhead: (tl). Rex by EPA (c). 19 akg-images: (tr). Alamy Stock Shutterstock: Aflo (c, br). Toyota (GB) PLC: Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (bl). 84-85 ABB Ltd.: (c). 84 Getty Images: (cr). 20-21 Getty Images: Bettmann (bc). AFP (bl). 85 Getty Images: Haruyoshi 20 Alamy Stock Photo: Art Collection 3 (tc). Yamaguchi \/ Bloombert (br). 86-87 Moley Getty Images: Historical (cl); Science and Robotics: (all photos). 88-89 Dorling Society Picture Library (c). 21 Alamy Stock Kindersley. 90 Dorling Kindersley. 90-91 Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (tr). Dorling Kindersley. 91 Getty Images: Getty Images: Andrew Burton (tl). 22-23 BSIP \/ Universal Images Group (tc). 92-93 Alamy Stock Photo: Paramountn Pictures Dorling Kindersley. 94-95 MegaBots, (c). 22 Alamy Stock Photo: Chronicle Inc: (c). 94 MegaBots, Inc. 96 Dorling (tl); World History Archive (cl). Rex by Kindersley. 96-97 Dorling Kindersley. Shutterstock: Universal History Archive \/ 97 AIST: (tr). 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