1OOO sWciOeRnDcSe Jules Pottle
Written by Jules Pottle Editor Sophie Parkes Senior Editors James Mitchem, Robin Moul, Dawn Sirett US Senior Editor Lori Hand Designers Rachael Hare, Sadie Thomas Managing Editor Penny Smith Managing Art Editor Mabel Chan Art Director Helen Senior Publishing Director Sarah Larter Production Editor Abi Maxwell Production Controller Inderjit Bhullar First American Edition, 2021 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 Copyright © 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 21 22 23 24 25 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001–321017–Jan/2021 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7440-2652-8 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 [email protected] Printed and bound in China www.dk.com This book was made with Forest Stewardship Council ™ certified paper – one small step in DK’s commitment to a sustainable future. For more information go to www.dk.com/our-green-pledge
1OOO sWciOeRnDcSe
A note for parents about STEM… STEM subjects are those that incorporate science, technology, engineering, and math. They often overlap. You need mathematical measurements to collect the results from a science experiment. You need to write computer programs to operate the machines you have engineered. You need to understand the science of forces to be a structural engineer. STEM subjects are highly interlinked, and many of the words from one subject will be useful when learning about another. Children will meet a lot of new words when they begin to study STEM subjects at school. A great deal of technical vocabulary is used in these lessons: names for pieces of equipment, names for things we cannot see (such as forces), and words that describe a specific property of materials (such as “opaque”), and these may all be new to children. This book contains topics and words that children are likely to encounter in their first few years at school. It also includes many of the topics that fascinate children in this age group, and some that show how STEM subjects are present in our everyday lives. A broad vocabulary can help children access their education more easily. Spending time with children and talking about the words and the illustrations in this book will expose them to more than just the words written here. They will encounter additional words as part of the conversation. This book is a great place to start your child’s STEM education. Jules Pottle, elementary science consultant, teacher, and trainer 4
Contents 6 Hot and cold 36 Measuring 8 Seasons 38 Up high 10 Sound 40 Long ago 12 Machines 42 Plants 14 Space 44 Playground forces 16 Moon landing 46 Laboratory 18 Transportation 48 Ecosystems 20 Vehicles 50 Classification of animals 22 Weather 52 Water 24 At the doctor’s office 54 Experiments 26 Human body 56 Mixing and cooking 28 Materials 58 Light 30 Underground 60 Sharing and grouping 32 Comparisons 62 Adding and subtracting 34 Junk 64 Acknowledgments 5
Hot and cold How warm are you right now? Some places in the world are warm, while others are freezing cold. fireworks sunglasses summer hot sun explode orangutan Equator fire bonfire desert lizard sand camel coat flask cactus icicles hot 6 water ice bottle cubes
tree vine frog rainforest snake monkey North Pole Arctic butterfly cold Antarctic glacier South Pole iceberg polar bear explorers orca sea penguins snowman seal Inuk 7
Seasons cold As the Earth orbits the sun, snowflake countries near the North and Christmas South Poles move through different seasons. Winter is lights usually cold. In spring, the weather gets warmer. It is hottest in summer, and then cools down again in the fall. reindeer changing colors fireworks fog evergreen tree rain umbrella waterproof snow ice skates wet candles bonfire boots falling Diwali lamp puddle Hanukkah lights fall leaves winter 8
sky eggs bird beach nest fruit warm harvest blossom hot shade calf lamb sheep cow bee tadpoles butterfly water watering can sun hat rabbit baby pollen rabbit flower sunscreen cooler shoot caterpillar spring frog summer 9
Sound beat strings pluck The world around us is bursting with different noises. Do you know what guitar all of these sound like? tap rhythm shake rattle instrument music sound waves ear whisper traffic laugh hearing aid talk silence hear ear bone deaf 10 listen
voice tune hum vibration speakers microphone splish splash sing piano headphones woof flute meow siren fire engine roar tweet buzz volume cell phone birdsong clickety-clack tick tock airplane purr loud quiet 11
Machines X-ray machine We build machines to help us. They can be small and simple or big and complicated. pulley chain weight nuts and turn bolts gear lever axle parts circuit board electrician building drill plug mechanic electricity crane wire 12
wheelchair computer hospital television toaster calculator clock pull scanner home cog mobile phone fridge push lawnmower vacuum race car cleaner power tractor transportation tire bus wheel steam engine bike excavator motorcycle 13
Space shooting star Have you ever looked at the night sky and wondered what’s out there in space? star black outer Cassiopeia space constellation asteroid Solar System Mars light sun day Earth night Jupiter 14 Venus solar Mercury panel satellite Mars Rover
Hubble Space spin eclipse Telescope Northern lights Neptune Saturn Uranus dark planets comet Milky Way astronomer Space telescope Shuttle galaxy 15
Moon landing radio What do you think it would be like to be an astronaut like Neil and Buzz, the first people to walk on the Moon? space weightless spacecraft astronaut oxygen 0 liftoff tank quiet space walk float space 1 suit 2 mission 7 3 control 8 4 9 5 boot 10 6 moon Buzz Aldrin 16
porthole zoom rocket control desk Apollo 11 airlock silence helmet lunar module visor landing site Moon rock “lTfeoharapmt’fsaoornn,meoansnemkgainiladl sn.”ttep glove crater crescent moon Neil Armstrong 17
Transportation There are lots of ways to travel. How many of these types of transportation have you used? beep horn funicular railway 4x4 Jeep pick-up truck bus signal convertible monster truck semi-trailer ATV truck gas station charger electric car steam taxi road engine engine bullet train subway train tram 18 subway tracks
air glider helicopter parachute airplane jet plane airport horse and carriage stoplight port container ship containers sea sailboat ferry monorail bicycle tandem engineer tricycle rail 19
Vehicles aerodynamic fighter Many machines are designed to move people jet and things around. We call them vehicles. lifeboat speedboat ship submarine army truck tank dump truck cab backhoe loader bulldozer caterpillar excavator 20 tracks
drone horse trailer tractor baler tire combine spoiler harvester flag pit stop streamlined race car grip motorcycle ramp siren wheel fire engine ambulance police car crane garage jack car lift mechanic 21
Weather What is the weather like today? It can change from season to season or from day to day. In some places, it can even change several times in one day! rainbow blue sky sun light bright hot wind humid pinwheel tornado sweaty frozen wind turbine dry 22
thunder cloud storm cloud storm hail rain raindrops lightning colors showers mist snow drizzle cold wet snowstorm damp ice crystal chilly forecast 23
At the doctor’s office The doctor can figure out what is wrong with us and help us get better when we are sick. doctor’s office bite sting doctor X-ray recovery position hand washing tablets medicine antibiotics patient taking your temperature thermometer sling cast syringe hand gel cream broken wheelchair leg crutches 24
bacteria hospital virus receptionist ambulance infection baby germs weight height scales chart bandage pregnant obstetrician woman scan bruise operation nurse mask surgeon gloves heart monitor patient cut operating table blood injury 25
Human body Your body is amazing! It has so many parts, and it can do so many wonderful things! nose mouth teeth fingers skull lips smell tongue glasses nostril skeleton bones freckles ear spine neck hear thigh muscles shin knee X-ray foot ankle 26 stethoscope toes
breathe brain sole forehead eyebrow head taste shoulder heel leg hair hand palm see eyelashes chew swallow arm throat eye armpit lungs elbow heart skin heartbeat arteries stomach digestion liver veins touch pump intestines bladder adults child 27
Materials The world is made of many different materials. Some are rare, and some you might see every single day! hard iron diamond steel metals ruby crystal copper amethyst lava emerald explosive gravel flint pebble sandstone clay granite sand solids rock 28
icicle melt oxygen hydrogen freeze nitrogen ice crystal paper carbon dioxide poisonous gases sugar crystal plastic air rain salt crystal man-made elastic rubber band cotton recyclable wool biodegradable natural glass wood pearl water shell brittle acid sponge absorbent coral dishwashing liquid 29 liquids
Underground You can’t always see it, but there is a whole world in the ground underneath your feet! anthill microorganism bulbs ants insect seeds roots worm soil badger clay gerbil sett den mole jewelry fox hamster coins warren diamond rabbit treasure pot tin ruins gold coal fossil dinosaur core skull
mine manhole fossil parking drain basement lift garage stairs foundations mining internet helmet water pipe cables gas main pipe electricity wires sewer cables escalator subway station subway train limestone miner rock car tunnel magma stalactite sandstone granite cave stalagmite 31
Comparisons You might be tall. You might be short. You might be early or late, or hot or cold. These kinds of words help us describe and compare things. big small smaller bigger mouse dog T.rex elephant blue whale biggest smallest microbe slow fast fastest slowest snail tortoise cheetah race car 32
darker dark bright brighter Moon shallow sun equal bath deep balance swimming pool light deeper heavy feather ocean rock unequal quieter quiet loud louder loudest buzz purr mosquito cat crying baby toot siren trumpet temperature coldest colder cold hot hotter hottest 33
Junk electromagnet What happens to all the things we throw away? How many of these things can be reused or recycled? backhoe loader steel excavator aluminum landfill repair engine reuse windows exhaust pipes trash can garbage truck scrap metal rubber 34 junk tires trash collector crate junkyard
incinerator crusher trash plastic bottles toxic waste compactor plastic reduce electronics yard waste decompose lights wood recycle glass compost recycling bin boxes food waste bin yard waste bin cardboard paper sorting foil packaging wrappers batteries conveyor belt 35 litter
Measuring If you are doing an experiment or making something, you often need to measure things. And there are many ways to measure things! millimeter height centimeter distance short tall measuring tape length 100 cm = 1 meter miles day night hour hand minute kilometers hand slow speedometer second hand stopwatch clock timer calendar Big Ben year fast month speed time 36
weight balance gram 99 cents $2.00 weighing scales kilogram bills coins light heavy apples shopping weight money fill full liter half empty hot 3500 container half full milliliters cold degrees thermometer volume temperature 37
Up high ozone layer Look up! There are lots of things going on up there. What can you see above you? atmosphere clouds cirrus clouds stratus clouds Empire State Building jet skyscrapers gnat helicopter Eiffel hot-air Tower balloon thunder The satellite lightning Shard dish lightning aerial rod flag helium balloons 38 kite apartment tower
satellite star meteor planet sun biplane moon travel jet stream hang glider airplane cumulus skydiver clouds snowflakes parachute glide pollen Chinook vapor trail rain flying seagull red kite birds butterfly pigeon swallow Everest mountain control mist tower wind turbine windsock cell tower jet pack 39
Long ago 65 million years ago, dinosaurs were alive. 2.6 million years ago, large areas of the Earth were covered in ice. The Earth looks very different today. paleontologist triceratops skeleton bones reconstruction fossils albertosaurus skull teeth dinosaur poop plesiosaur ammonite amber foot ichthyosaur horseshoe crab plesiosaur 40
meteor strike pine trees microraptor volcano diplodocus dinosaurs triceratops tyrannosaurus dinosaur eggs stegosaurus horsetail ice age mammoth saber-toothed tiger giant ground sloth 41
Plants Plants are really important to our planet. They make their food from the carbon dioxide we breathe out, and they release oxygen back into the air for us to breathe in. grow stem photosynthesis soil germinate sun seed roots water oxygen carbon leaves dioxide serrated palmate lobed rings branch trees deciduous evergreen trunk twig 42
flowers butterfly bud blossom stigma stamen ovary bee pollinator pollen petal plants pod green pinecone soybeans moss climbing plant cactus pit fruits nuts apple avocado mango cherries onion radish vegetables asparagus sweet potato bulb rhizome root vegetable tuber 43
Playground forces It’s fun to play at the park, but did you know that parks are full of science? You are using forces all the time when you play! pull push friction swing force of gravity force of gravity slide balance push up force of seesaw gravity 44
pull up force of gravity force of gravity jungle gym spring pushing push up centripetal force bouncer merry-go-round 45
Laboratory atom neutron proton Some scientists work in a laboratory. electron Different scientists use different equipment. What kind of scientist would you like to be? chemistry chemist evolution lab chemical safety coat test tube goggles acid biologist magnifying glass liquid observe experiment funnel biology plant gas mix Bunsen burner idea conical flask measure engineer animal laser zoologist specimen jar diagram machine 46
theory pulley results gravity pull evidence DNA Isaac Newton space force energy solid test physicist physics acceleration lever motion astronomer telescope doctor prediction nurse rocket stethoscope scientist beaker body magnet paleontologist microbiologist virus petri sample virologist dish bacterium fossil microscope 47
Ecosystems An ecosystem is a group of animals and plants living in a habitat, with different relationships to each other. Let’s take a dip into the pond ecosystem. The arrows show how energy flows, and who benefits from each relationship. camouflage toad frog fish eggs frogs die and release nutrients to pondweed puts help pondweed grow oxygen into water fish give carbon dioxide frog spawn to the plants pond snail pondweed is food for snails pondweed 48
Search
