Battles That Changed History

["Index INDEX 249 Page numbers in bold refer to main entries. Arnold, Benedict, Saratoga 136\u201339 Britain Artaphernes (commander), Marathon 13 Balaklava 160\u201361 A Atahuallpa, King, Cajamarca 122 Battle of Britain see Battle of Britain Athena, goddess of war 33 Blenheim 126\u201327 Abd ar-Rahman, Tours 38\u201339 Augustus Caesar, Actium see Actium Culloden 178 Abu abd-Allah Muhammad XII (Boabdil) 59 Austerlitz 146\u201349 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Abu Abdallah, Sultan, Alcacer Quibir 122 Austria Falaise Gap 247 Actium 30\u201333 Falklands 247 Austerlitz 146\u201349 First Marne 190\u201391 ramming and boarding 32\u201333 Blenheim 126\u201327 Fourth Coalition 147 Adowa 179 Caporetto 246 Gallipoli 192\u201393 Adrianople 36\u201337 Fleurus 140\u201341 Imphal 247 Afghanistan, Panipat 9, 90\u201391 K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 Iraq 247 Agincourt 72\u201373 Leuthen 132\u201333 Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 Agrippa, Actium 31, 32 Marengo 142\u201343 Jutland 198\u201399 Ain Jalut 64\u201365 Solferino 162\u201363 Navarino 178\u201379 Akagi aircraft carrier 217 Avars 40 New Orleans 154\u201355 al-Qadisiyyah 42\u201343 Ayyubid\u2013Crusader War, Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Omdurman 179 Alcacer Quibir 122 Aztec Empire, Tenochtitl\u00e1n Siege 86\u201387 Operation Dynamo 207 Alesia 28\u201329 Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Alexander the Great B Passchendaele 204\u201305 Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Companion cavalry 20, 22\u201323, 25 Babur, Emperor, Panipat 9, 90\u201391 Plassey 130\u201331 Gaugamela 24\u201325 Bach Dang 43 Quiberon Bay 178 horse, Bucephalus 20 Baekgang 43 Salamanca 150\u201351 hypaspist (\u201cshieldbearer\u201d) infantry 22 Balaklava 160\u201361 Saratoga 136\u201339 Issus see Issus Bannockburn 82 Siege of Yorktown 178 Alexander I, Tsar, Austerlitz 146\u201347 Baratieri, General Oreste, Adowa 179 Somme see Somme Alexander Nevsky, Prince, Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Barreiro, Colonel Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda, Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 Spion Kop 246 Alfonso VIII, Las Navas de Tolosa 58\u201359 Battle of Britain 208\u201311 Trafalgar 144\u201345 Alfred the Great, Edington 43 Waterloo 156\u201357 Ali Pasha, Lepanto 97 barrage balloons 210 Allied forces Blitz 210 Bulcs\u00fa (commander), Lechfeld 40\u201341 Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 Doodlebugs (V-1 Flying Bombs) 211 Burgoyne, General John, Saratoga 136\u201339 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Messerschmidt fighter-bombers 210 Burgundian Wars El Alamein 218\u201319 Spitfires 208 Falaise Gap 247 Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 Murten 83 Inchon 236\u201337 Batu, Commander, Liegnitz 60\u201361 Nancy 83 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Bavaria Burma Campaign, Imphal 247 Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Blenheim 126\u201327 Burnside, General Ambrose, Antietam 164\u201365 Almohads, Las Navas de Tolosa 58\u201359 Lechfeld 40\u201341 Bush, President George, Operation Alp Arslan, Sultan, Manzikert 50\u201351 Bayeux tapestry, Hastings 46\u201349 Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 American Civil War Beauregard, General Pierre, First Bull Run Bush, President George W., Iraq 247 Antietam 164\u201365 Byzantine\u2013Ottoman Wars, Constantinople, Fall of First Bull Run (Manassas) 179 (Manassas) 179 Gettysburg see Gettysburg Bela IV, King 60 see Constantinople, Fall of American Revolution Belgium Byzantine\u2013Seljuq Wars, Manzikert 50\u201351 Saratoga 136\u201339 Siege of Yorktown 178 Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 C Anglo-Dutch War Courtrai (Golden Spurs) 82 Medway Raid 116\u201317 Fleurus 140\u201341 Cajamarca 122 Solebay 123 Passchendaele 204\u201305 Callimachus, General, Marathon 14 Anglo-Sikh War, Sobraon 179 Benedek, Ludwig, K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 Canada Anglo-Spanish War Bismarck, Otto von 171 Ivry 122 Sedan 172\u201373 Falaise Gap 247 Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Blenheim 126\u201327 Passchendaele 205 Anglo-Zulu War, Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 Bl\u00fccher, Marshal Gebhard von, Waterloo 156\u201357 Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Antietam 164\u201365 Boabdil (Abu abd-Allah Muhammad XII) Cannae 9, 26\u201327 ANZAC Cao Cao (commander), Red Cliffs 34\u201335 Gallipoli 192, 193 (Boabdil) 59 Caporetto 246 Passchendaele 193 Boer War, Spion Kop 246 Carthage Somme 193, 201 Bohemian Revolt 106, 108 Cannae 9, 26\u201327 Arab-Byzantine Wars, Yarmouk 42, 43 Bol\u00edvar, Sim\u00f3n, Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Arab-Israeli Wars, Six-Day War 240\u201341 Bonaparte, Napoleon, Marengo 142\u201343 Castillon 83 Argentina, Falklands 247 Borodino 152\u201353 Cetshwayo, King, Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 Ark Royal, Spanish Armada Campaign 100\u2013101, 102 Bosworth Field 83 Chaeronea 42 Arminius, Teutoburg Forest 42 Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 Charles the Bold, Murten 83 Boyne 123 Charles Edward Stuart, Prince (Bonnie Prince Charlie), Brankovi\u0107, Vuk, Kosovo 83 Breitenfeld 108\u201309 Culloden 178","250 INDEX Charles I De Witt, Cornelis, Medway Raid 116\u201317 Foot Companions phalanx, Macedonia 24 Marston Moor 112\u201313 Denmark, Edington 43 Fourth Coalition 147 Naseby 114\u201315 Dien Bien Phu 238\u201339 France Djerba 94 Charles II, Medway Raid 116\u201317 Dodo, Prince, Yangzhou 123 Agincourt 72\u201373 Charles of Lorraine, Leuthen 132\u201333 Don Juan of Austria, Lepanto 97 Austerlitz 146\u201349 Charles V Drake, Sir Francis, Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Balaklava 160\u201361 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Borodino 152\u201353 Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 carrier pigeons and L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur 194 Pavia 9, 88\u201389 E Castillon 83 Charles VII 77 Cigogne fighter squadrons 196 Castillon 83 Edington 43 Courtrai (Golden Spurs) 82 Charles XII, Poltava 128\u201329 Edward, the Black Prince, Poitiers 82\u201383 Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Chelmsford, Lord, Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 Edward the Confessor 47 \u201ccreeping barrage\u201d coordination 196 Chiang Kai-Shek, Xuzhou 247 Edward I, Bannockburn 82 Dien Bien Phu 238\u201339 China Edward III, Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Bach Dang 43 Egypt Falaise Gap 247 Baekgang 43 First Marne 190\u201391 Lake Poyang 83 Actium see Actium Fleurus 140\u201341 Nanking, Third Battle of 179 El Alamein 218\u201319 Fourth Coalition 147 Red Cliffs 34\u201335 Kadesh 8, 42 Gallipoli 192\u201393 Shanghai 246\u201347 Navarino 178\u201379 Ivry 122 Talas 43 Omdurman 179 Marengo 142\u201343 Xiangyang 82 Six-Day War 240\u201341 Marignano 122 Xuzhou 247 Eisenhower, General Dwight D., Operation Overlord Navarino 178\u201379 Yangzhou 123 \u201cOn ne passe pas\u201d (\u201cThey shall not pass\u201d) Yellow Turban peasant uprising 35 226\u201329 Christian of Anhalt, White Mountain 106\u201307 El Alamein 218\u201319 war slogan 197 Churchill, Winston, Dunkirk 206\u201307 Elizabeth I Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Cleopatra, Actium 31, 32 Paris liberation 229 Clive, Colonel Robert, Plassey 130\u201331 Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Passchendaele 204\u201305 Codrington, Sir Edward, Navarino 178\u201379 warrior queen 103 Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Colombia, Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 England Plassey 130\u201331 Constantine, Emperor, Constantinople, Fall of 78 Agincourt 72\u201373 Poitiers 82\u201383 Constantinople, Fall of 9, 78\u201381 Bannockburn 82 Quiberon Bay 178 Ottoman janissaries (elite soldiers) 81 Bosworth Field 83 Rocroi 123 Urban\u2019s siege cannon 78, 80, 81 Castillon 83 Salamanca 150\u201351 Cornwallis, General Charles, Siege of Yorktown 178 Civil War 112\u201315 Sedan 172\u201373 Cort\u00e9s, Hernan, Tenochtitl\u00e1n Siege 86\u201387 Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Courtrai (Golden Spurs) 82 Edington 43 Siege of Paris 172 Crazy Horse, Little Bighorn 174\u201375 English throne, claimants to 47 Siege of Yorktown 178 Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Hastings 46\u201349 \u201cSoixante-Quinze\u201d field gun 190 Crimean War, Balaklava 160\u201361 Marston Moor 112\u201313 Solebay 123 Cromwell, Oliver Medway Raid 116\u201317 Solferino 162\u201363 Marston Moor 113 Naseby 114\u201315 Somme see Somme Naseby 114\u201315 Poitiers 82\u201383 Tours 38\u201339 Crusaders Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Trafalgar 144\u201345 Ayyubid\u2013Crusader War, Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Verdun see Verdun Northern Crusades, Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Stamford Bridge 47 Waterloo 156\u201357 Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353 Enterprise aircraft carrier 217 Francis I Culloden 178 Estonia, Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Marignano 122 Cumberland, Duke of, Culloden 178 Ethiopia, Adowa 179 Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Custer, Lieutenant Colonel George A., Little Bighorn 174\u201375 Eudo, Duke, Tours 37 Pavia 9, 88\u201389 Cyprus, Lepanto 96\u201397 Eugene of Savoy, Prince, Blenheim Francis II 149 Czech Republic Franco-Flemish War, Courtrai (Golden Spurs) 82 Austerlitz 146\u201349 126\u201327 Franco-Prussian War, Sedan 172\u201373 K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 Eurybiades (admiral), Salamis 19 Franco-Spanish War, Rocroi 123 Kutn\u00e1 Hora 74\u201375 Frankish Knights, Lechfeld 40\u201341 White Mountain 106\u201307 F Franz Joseph I, Solferino 162\u201363 Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, Legnano 82 D Fairfax, Thomas Frederick II, Leuthen 132\u201333 Marston Moor 112 French Revolutionary Wars D-Day invasion, Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Naseby 114\u201315 Fleurus 140\u201341 d\u2019Albret, Constable, Agincourt 72\u201373 Marengo 142\u201343 Dan-no-ura 8, 54\u201355 Falaise Gap 247 French War of Religion, Ivry 122 Darius I, Marathon 13, 14 Falkenhayn, Erich von, Verdun 194 Fritigern (commander), Adrianople 36\u201337 Darius III Falklands 247 Frundsberg, Georg von, Pavia 89 Ferdinand II Gaugamela 24\u201325 G Issus see Issus Breitenfeld 108\u201309 Datis (commander), Marathon 13, 14 White Mountain 106\u201307 Gallieni, General Joseph, First Marne 190 Davout, Marshal, Austerlitz 147, 149 First Bull Run (Manassas) 179 Gallipoli 192\u201393 De Ruyter, Michiel, Medway Raid 116\u201317 First Marne 190\u201391 Gates, General Horatio, Saratoga 136\u201339 De Valette, Jean Parisot, Malta, Great Siege of 94\u201395 \u201cSoixante-Quinze\u201d field gun 190 Fleurus 140\u201341 Aerostatic Corps 140\u201341","Gaugamela 24\u201325 Hamilton, General Sir Ian, Gallipoli 193 INDEX 251 Babylonian astronomical diary 24 Hannibal Companion cavalry 25 Ireland, Boyne 123 Foot Companions phalanx 24 Cannae 9, 26\u201327 Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 war elephants 25, 42 Ishida Mitsunari, Sekigahara 122\u201323 Gaul, Alesia 28\u201329 Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Islamic expansion, Tours 38\u201339 Genghis Khan 60 Hansando 104\u201305 Israel Genpei War 54 Harald Hardrada, Stamford Bridge 47 Germany Harold, King, Hastings 46\u201349 Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Harrison, William Henry, Tippecanoe 178 Six-Day War 240\u201341 Battle of Britain see Battle of Britain Hastings 46\u201349 Issus 20\u201323 Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Companion cavalry 20, 22\u201323 Breitenfeld 108\u201309 Henry IV, Ivry 122 hypaspist (\u201cshieldbearer\u201d) infantry 22, 23 Caporetto 246 Henry of Silesia, Duke, Liegnitz 60\u201361 infantry phalanx 20, 22, 23 carrier pigeons 194 Henry Tudor, Bosworth Field 83 Italy Doodlebugs (V-1 Flying Bombs) 211 Henry V, Agincourt 72\u201373 Adowa 179 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Heraclius, Yarmouk 42, 43 Caporetto 246 Falaise Gap 247 Hessians, Saratoga 136\u201339 Legnano 82 First Marne 190\u201391 Hindenburg, General Paul von, Tannenberg 188 Marengo 142\u201343 Jutland 198\u201399 Hiryu aircraft carrier 216 Marignano 122 Kursk 8, 224\u201325 Hitler, Adolf Pavia 9, 88\u201389 Landsknechts mercenaries 89 Atlantic Wall 227 Solferino 162\u201363 L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Battle of Britain see Battle of Britain Ivry 122 Messerschmidt fighter-bombers 210 Dunkirk 206\u201307, 207 Iwo Jima 234\u201335 Operation Barbarossa 221 Kursk 8, 224\u201325 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Operation Barbarossa 221 J Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Stalingrad see Stalingrad Operation Sea Lion 208 Hittites, Kadesh 8, 42 Jackson, General Andrew, New Orleans 154\u201355 Passchendaele 204\u201305 Holy League, Lepanto 96\u201397 Jackson, General Thomas \u201cStonewall\u201d 168 Prokhorovka 224\u201325 Holy Roman Empire Jacobite Rising, Culloden 178 propaganda leaflets 207 Breitenfeld 108\u201309 James II, Boyne 123 Schlieffen Plan, World War I 190 Legnano 82 Jan III Sobieski, King, Siege of Vienna 120, 121 Sedan 172\u201373 White Mountain 106\u201307 Japan Somme see Somme Hong Xiuquan, Nanking, Third Battle of 179 Stalingrad see Stalingrad Houston, General Sam, San Jacinto 179 Baekgang 43 Stormtroopers 196 Huang Gai (admiral), Red Cliffs 34\u201335 Dan-no-ura 8, 54\u201355 Tannenberg 188\u201389 H\u00fcleg\u00fc, Ain Jalut 64\u201365 Genpei War 54 Teutoburg Forest 42 Hundred Years\u2019 War 69 Hansando 104\u201305 Verdun see Verdun Agincourt 72\u201373 Imjin War 74 Gettysburg 166\u201369 Castillon 83 Imphal 247 Napoleon cannon 169 Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Iwo Jima 234\u201335 Giustiniani, Giovanni, Constantinople, Fall of 80 longbowmen 72 Midway see Midway Godfrey of Bouillon, Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353 Poitiers 82\u201383 Mitsubishi Zero fighter plane 217 Golden Spurs (Courtrai) 82 Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Mukden 182\u201383 Grand Alliance, Blenheim 126\u201327 Hungary Nagashino 98\u201399 Great Northern War, Poltava 128\u201329 Caporetto 246 Nakajima B5N torpedo bomber 217 Great Siege of Malta 94\u201395 Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Pearl Harbor 212\u201313 Great Sioux War, Little Bighorn 174\u201375 Hussite Wars, Kutn\u00e1 Hora 74\u201375 Sacheon 122 Greece Sekigahara 122\u201323 Athena, goddess of war 33 I Sengoku Period 99 Chaeronea 42 Shanghai 246\u201347 Inonu 246 Imjin War 74 Tsushima see Tsushima Lepanto 96\u201397 Immortals Jellicoe, Admiral John, Jutland 198\u201399 Marathon see Marathon Joan of Arc, Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 mercenaries, Issus 20 Marathon 15 Joffre, General Joseph, First Marne 190 Navarino 178\u201379 Thermopylae 16 John II, King, Poitiers 82\u201383 Pharsalus 42 Imphal 247 Jordan, Six-Day War 240\u201341 Salamis 18\u201319 Inchon 236\u201337 Josias of Coburg, Prince, Fleurus 140\u201341 Thermopylae 16\u201317 India Jourdan, General Jean-Baptiste, Fleurus 140\u201341 Grunwald 70\u201371 Black Hole Massacre 130 Julius Caesar Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 Imphal 247 Alesia 28\u201329 Gustavus II Adolphus Panipat 9, 90\u201391 Pharsalus 42 Breitenfeld 108\u201309 Plassey 130\u201331 Jutland 198\u201399 L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Sobraon 179 Dreadnought battleships 199 Guthrum, Edington 43 Indochina War, Dien Bien Phu 238\u201339 Guy de Lusignan, King, Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Innocent III, Pope, Northern Crusades 63 K Guynemer, Georges (pilot), Verdun 196 Innocent XI, Pope, Siege of Vienna 120 Inonu 246 Kadesh 8, 42 H International Red Cross 163 Kaga aircraft carrier 217 Iraq Kara Mustafa Pasha, Siege of Vienna 9, 118\u201321 Haig, Sir Douglas al-Qadisiyyah 42\u201343 Kellerman, General Fran\u00e7ois, Marengo 143 Passchendaele 204\u201305 Invasion 247 Kitchener, Lord 201 Somme see Somme Operation Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 Omdurman 179 Knights Hospitaller, Malta, Great Siege of 94\u201395","252 INDEX Knjaz Suvorov flagship, Tsushima 186 Madrid 246 Marengo 142\u201343 Kobayakawa Hideaki, Sekigahara 122\u201323 Magyar invasions, Lechfeld 40\u201341 Salamanca 150\u201351 K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 Mahdist War, Omdurman 179 Waterloo 156\u201357 Korea Manzikert 50\u201351 Napoleon III Mao Zedong, Xuzhou 247 Sedan 172\u201373 Hansando 104\u201305 Marathon 12\u201315 Solferino 162\u201363 Imjin War 74 Napoleonic Wars Inchon 236\u201337 hoplite phalanx 13, 14\u201315 Austerlitz 146\u201349 Sacheon 122 Immortals 15 Borodino 152\u201353 turtle ships 74 Marengo 142\u201343 Trafalgar 144\u201345 Kosovo 83 Marignano 122 Waterloo 156\u201357 Kublai Khan, Xiangyang 82 Mark Antony, Actium see Actium Naseby 114\u201315 Kuropatkin, General Alexei, Mukden 182\u201383 Marlborough, Duke of, Blenheim 126\u201327 Navarino 178\u201379 Kursk 8, 224\u201325 Marmont, Marshal Auguste, Salamanca 150\u201351 Nelson, Horatio, Trafalgar 144\u201345 Kutn\u00e1 Hora 74\u201375 Marston Moor 112\u201313 Netherlands Kutuzov, General Mikhail Martel, Charles, Tours 38\u201339 Blenheim 126\u201327 Austerlitz 148 Meade, General George, Gettysburg see Gettysburg Fleurus 140\u201341 Borodino 152\u201353 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, Spanish Medway Raid 116\u201317 Kyrgyzstan, Talas 43 Armada Campaign 103 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Medway Raid 116\u201317 Solebay 123 L Mehmed II, Constantinople, Fall of see Waterloo 156\u201357 New Orleans 154\u201355 La Real flagship, Lepanto 97 Constantinople, Fall of New York battleship 199 Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Melas, General Louis, Marengo 142, 143 Ngo Quyen, Bach Dang 43 Lake Poyang 83 Menelik II, Adowa 179 Nimitz, Admiral Chester W., Midway see Midway Las Navas de Tolosa 58\u201359 Midway 214\u201317 Nivelle, General Robert, Verdun 194, 197 Lazar, Prince, Kosovo 83 Nobunaga, Oda, Nagashino 98\u201399 League of Cambrai War, Marignano 122 intelligence gathering 215 Northern Crusades, Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Lechfeld 40\u201341 Mitsubishi Zero fighter plane 217 Northumberland, Earl of, Bosworth Field 83 Lee, General Robert E. Nakajima B5N torpedo bomber 217 Mikasa flagship, Tsushima 186, 187 O Antietam 164\u201365 Miltiades (commander), Marathon 14 Gettysburg see Gettysburg Minamoto clan, Dan-no-ura 8, 54\u201355 Octavius, Marcus see Augustus Caesar Legnano 82 Mir Jafar, Plassey 130\u201331 Omdurman 179 Lel (commander), Lechfeld 40\u201341 Moctezuma II, Siege of Tenochtitl\u00e1n 87 Operation Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 Lenin, Vladimir, Warsaw 246 Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Leonidas, King, Thermopylae 16 Janissaries 93 Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Leopold I, Siege of Vienna 9, 118\u201321 Mola, Emilio, Madrid 246 Otto I, Emperor, Lechfeld 40\u201341 Lepanto 96\u201397 Moltke, Helmuth von Ottoman Conquest of Europe, Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Leuthen 132\u201333 First Marne 190 Ottoman Empire Leven, Earl of, Marston Moor 112 K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 Li Xiucheng, Nanjing, Third Battle of 179 Sedan 172\u201373 Constantinople, Fall of see Constantinople, Fall of Liegnitz 60\u201361 Mongol invasion of Syria, Ain Jalut 64\u201365 Gallipoli 192\u201393 Ligny 156 Mongol invasions of Europe, Liegnitz 60\u201361 Liman von Sanders, General Otto, Gallipoli 192 Mongols, Xiangyang 82 Kosovo 83 Lincoln, President Abraham Montcalm, Marquis de, Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Ottoman-Habsburg Wars Antietam 165 Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard Gettysburg 166 El Alamein 218\u201319 Djerba 94 Lithuania, Grunwald 70\u201371 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Lepanto 96\u201397 Little Bighorn 174\u201375 Morgan, Daniel, Saratoga 138 Malta, Great Siege of 94\u201395 Liu Yan, Bach Dang 43 Morocco, Alcacer Quibir 122 Siege of Vienna 9, 118\u201321 Lodi, Ibrahim, Panipat 9, 90\u201391 Mughal Conquests, Panipat 9, 90\u201391 Zenta 123 Longstreet, General James, Gettysburg 166, 168 Muhammad al-Nasir, Las Navas de Tolosa 58\u201359 Oyama Iwao, Field Marshal, Mukden 182\u201383 Louis I, Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Mukden 182\u201383 Louis XIV, Blenheim 126\u201327 trench warfare 182 P Ludendorff, General Erich, Tannenberg 188 Murad I, Sultan, Kosovo 83 Ludovisi battle sarcophagus 37 Murten 83 Pakenham, General Edward, New Orleans 154\u201355 L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Muslim Conquest of Persia,al-Qadisiyyah 42\u201343 Palestine, Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353 Muslim Conquest of Syria, Yarmouk 42, 43 Panipat 9, 90\u201391 M Muslim Conquest of Transoxiana, Talas 43 Mustafa \u00cdsmet, Inonu 246 war elephants 90 MacArthur, General Douglas, Inchon 236\u201337 Mustafa Kemal, Gallipoli 192 Pappenheim, Count, L\u00fctzen 111 McClellan, General George, Antietam 164\u201365 Muwatalli II, Kadesh 8, 42 paratroopers, first 230 McDowell, General Irvin, First Bull Run (Manassas) 179 Parma, Duke of, Spanish Armada Campaign 102 Macedonia N Passchendaele 204\u201305 Chaeronea 42 Nagashino 98\u201399 aerial reconaissance 204\u201305 Foot Companions phalanx 24 Nancy 83 Patton, General George, Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 Gaugamela 24\u201325 Nanking, Third Battle of 179 Paullus, Aemilius (commander), Cannae 26 hypaspist (\u201cshieldbearer\u201d) infantry 22, 23 Napoleon Bonaparte Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich, Stalingrad infantry phalanx 20, 22, 23, 24 Issus see Issus Austerlitz 146\u201349 see Stalingrad MacMahon, Marshal Patrice de, Sedan 172\u201373 Borodino 152\u201353 Pavia 9, 88\u201389 Fourth Coalition 147 Grande Arm\u00e9e 148\u201349, 153 European mercenaries 89 Pearl Harbor 212\u201313 Peninsular War, Salamanca 150\u201351","Persia Roman Empire INDEX 253 al-Qadisiyyah 42\u201343 Actium see Actium Gaugamela 24\u201325 Alesia 28\u201329 Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Issus see Issus triremes 33 trebuchet 77 Marathon see Marathon Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Salamis 18\u201319 Siege of Paris 172 Thermopylae 16\u201317 Roman Republic, Cannae 9, 26\u201327 Siege of Tenochtitl\u00e1n 86\u201387 Roman-Germanic Wars, Teutoburg Forest 42 Siege of Vienna 9, 118\u201321 Peru, Cajamarca 122 Roman-Gothic Wars, Adrianople 36\u201337 Pescara, Marquis of, Pavia 89 Romanos Diogenes, Manzikert 50\u201351 winged Hussars 121 P\u00e9tain, General Philippe, Verdun 194 Rommel, Field Marshall Erwin, El Alamein 218\u201319 Siege of Yorktown 178 Peter the Great, Poltava 128\u201329 Roosevelt, President, Pearl Harbor 212 Sigismund, Kutn\u00e1 Hora 74\u201375 Pharsalus 42 Rosenthal, Joe, Iwo Jima 234 Sino-Japanese War 185 Philip II, Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Rozhestvensky, Admiral Zinovy, Philip II of Macedon, Chaeronea 42 Shanghai 246\u201347 Philip IV, Courtrai (Golden Spurs) 82 Tsushima 185, 186, 187 Siraj ud-Daulah, Plassey 130\u201331 Philip VI, Cr\u00e9cy 66\u201369 Rupert of the Rhine, Prince Sitting Bull, Little Bighorn 174\u201375 Pickett, General James, Gettysburg 166, 167, 168 Six-Day War 240\u201341 Pizarro, Francisco, Cajamarca 122 Marston Moor 112\u201313 Slavs 40 Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Naseby 114\u201315 Slovenia, Caporetto 246 Plassey 130\u201331 Russia Sobraon 179 Poitiers 82\u201383 Austerlitz 146\u201349 Solebay 123 Poland Balaklava 160\u201361 Solferino 162\u201363 Borodino 152\u201353 Somme 200\u2013203 Grunwald 70\u201371 Fourth Coalition 147 Liegnitz 60\u201361 Kursk 8, 224\u201325 aerial reconnaissance 202, 203 Warsaw 246 Lake Peipus 62\u201363 \u201ccreeping barrage\u201d coordination 202 Poltava 128\u201329 modernization 128 \u201clightning bombardment\u201d 202 Pompey, Pharsalus 42 Mukden 182\u201383 Royal Newfoundland Regiment 203 Portugal, Alcacer Quibir 122 Navarino 178\u201379 trenches 203 Prittwitz, General Maximilian von, Poltava 128\u201329 underground warfare 203 Tannenberg 188 Prokhorovka 224\u201325 Sosius, Gaius, Actium 32 Prokhorovka 224\u201325 Stalingrad see Stalingrad Soult, Marshal, Austerlitz 147, 148 Prussia Tannenberg 188\u201389 South Africa Fourth Coalition 147 Tsushima see Tsushima Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 infantry 133 Spion Kop 246 K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz 170\u201371 S South American Wars of Independence, Leuthen 132\u201333 Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 Sedan 172\u201373 Sacheon 122 South Korea, Baekgang 43 Siege of Paris 172 Saddam Hussein Southern Han-Annam War, Waterloo 156\u201357 Bach Dang 43 Pulleine, Lieutenant Colonel, Iraq 247 Soviet Union, Warsaw 246 Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 Operation Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 Spain Punic Wars Saladin, Hattin 8, 56\u201357 Blenheim 126\u201327 Cannae 9, 26\u201327 Salamanca 150\u201351 Boyac\u00e1 158\u201359 Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Salamis 18\u201319 Cajamarca 122 Salisbury, Earl of, Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Las Navas de Tolosa 58\u201359 Q Samsonov, Alexander, Tannenberg 188\u201389 Madrid 246 San Jacinto 179 Pavia 9, 88\u201389 Quatre Bras 156 Sandwich, Earl of, Solebay 123 Reconquista 59 Quiberon Bay 178 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopes de, San Jacinto 179 Rocroi 123 Qutuz, Ain Jalut 64\u201365 Saratoga 136\u201339 Salamanca 150\u201351 long rifle 139 Tenochtitl\u00e1n Siege 86\u201387 R Scheer, Vice-Admiral Reinhard, Jutland 198\u201399 Trafalgar 144\u201345 Scipio Aemilianus, Zama 27 Spanish Armada Campaign 8\u20139, 100\u2013103 Raglan, Lord, Balaklava 160\u201361 Scotland Spano, Pippo, Kutn\u00e1 Hora 75 Rameses II, Kadesh 8, 42 Bannockburn 82 Sparta Raymond of Toulouse, Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353 Culloden 178 Marathon see Marathon Raynald of Ch\u00e2tillon 56 Sebastian, King, Alcacer Quibir 122 Thermopylae 16\u201317 Red Cliffs 34\u201335 Sedan 172\u201373 Spion Kop 246 Red Turban Rebellion, Lake Poyang 83 Sekigahara 122\u201323 Spruance, Rear Admiral Raymond, Rehnski\u00f6ld, Marshal Carl Gustav, Poltava 128\u201329 Serbian-Ottoman Wars, Kosovo 83 Midway 217 Ren\u00e9, Duke, Nancy 83 Seven Years\u2019 War Stalingrad 220\u201323 Rennenkampf, General Paul von, Leuthen 132\u201333 \u201cRattenkrieg\u201d (\u201cRat War\u201d) urban warfare 222\u201323 Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Tractor Factory 222 Tannenberg 188\u201389 Plassey 130\u201331 Stamford Bridge 47 Reno, Major Marcus, Little Bighorn 174 Quiberon Bay 178 Stanley, Lord, Bosworth Field 83 Richard I (Lionheart) 56 Shanghai 246\u201347 Sudan, Omdurman 179 Richard III, Bosworth Field 83 Shimazu Yoshihiro, Sacheon 122 Suleiman Robert the Bruce, Bannockburn 82 Shrewsbury, Earl of Malta, Great Siege of 94\u201395 Rochambeau, General Jean Baptiste, Castillon 83 Moh\u00e1cs 92\u201393 Siege of Orl\u00e9ans 9, 76\u201377 Suleiman the Magnificent, Siege of Yorktown 178 Siege of Acre 57 Siege of Vienna 118 Rocroi 123 Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353 Sultana flagship, Lepanto 97 Council of Clermont 52 Sweden Breitenfeld 108\u201309 L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Poltava 128\u201329","254 INDEX USA recruitment poster 201 Antietam 164\u201365 Schlieffen Plan 190 Switzerland Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 \u201cSoixante-Quinze\u201d field gun 190 Marignano 122 Falaise Gap 247 Somme see Somme Murten 83 First Bull Run (Manassas) 179 Tannenberg 188\u201389 Nancy 83 Gettysburg see Gettysburg trenches 203 Pavia 89 Iraq 247 underground warfare 203 Iwo Jima 234\u201335 Verdun see Verdun Syria Little Bighorn 174\u201375 World War II Kadesh 8, 42 Midway see Midway Atlantic Wall 227 Six-Day War 240\u201341 New Orleans 154\u201355 barrage balloons 210 Operation Desert Storm 8, 244\u201345 Battle of the Bulge 232\u201333 T Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Blitz 210 Pearl Harbor 212\u201313 D-Day invasion, Operation Overlord 226\u201329 Taiping Rebellion, Nanjing, Third Battle of 179 San Jacinto 179 Doodlebugs (V-1 Flying Bombs) 211 Taira clan, Dan-no-ura 8, 54\u201355 Saratoga 136\u201339 Dunkirk 206\u201307 Takeda Katsuyori, Nagashino 98\u201399 Siege of Yorktown 178 El Alamein 218\u201319 Talas 43 Tet Offensive 242\u201343 Falaise Gap 247 Tallard, Duc de, Blenheim 126\u201327 Tippecanoe 178 Iwo Jima 234\u201335 Tannenberg 188\u201389 Kursk 8, 224\u201325 Tecumseh\u2019s War, Tippecanoe 178 V Messerschmidt fighter-bombers 210 Tet Offensive 242\u201343 Midway see Midway Teutoburg Forest 42 Valens, Emperor, Adrianople 36\u201337 Operation Barbarossa 221 Teutonic Knights Varro, Terentius (commander), Cannae 26 Operation Market Garden 230\u201331 Varus, Publius Quinctilius, Teutoburg Forest 42 Operation Overlord 226\u201329, 247 Grunwald 70\u201371 Vercingetorix (commander), Alesia 28\u201329 Paris liberation 229 Lake Peipus 62\u201363 Verdun 194\u201397 Pearl Harbor 212\u201313 Texas Revolution, San Jacinto 179 Prokhorovka 224\u201325 Thatcher, Margaret, Falklands 247 aerial reconnaissance 196 Spitfires 208 Themistocles (admiral), Salamis 19 carrier pigeons 194 Stalingrad see Stalingrad Thermopylae 16\u201317 \u201ccreeping barrage\u201d coordination 196 Immortals 16 Stormtroopers 196 X tactical advantage 17 Vietnam Thirty Years\u2019 War Bach Dang 43 Xerxes I Breitenfeld 108\u201309 Dien Bien Phu 238\u201339 Salamis 19 L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Tet Offensive 242\u201343 Thermopylae 16 Rocroi 123 Viking Invasion of England, Edington 43 White Mountain 106\u201307 Villeneuve, Admiral Pierre-Charles, Trafalgar 144\u201345 Xian, Emperor 35 Tibet, Talas 43 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, General, Dien Bien Phu 238\u201339 Xiangyang 82 Tippecanoe 178 Vytautas, Grand Duke, Grunwald 70\u201371 Xuzhou 247 Togo Heihachiro, Admiral, Tsushima 185, 186, 187 Tokugawa Ieyasu W Y Nagashino 98\u201399 Sekigahara 122\u201323 Wakizaka Yasuharu, Hansando 104\u201305 Yamamoto Isoroku, Midway see Midway Tours 38\u201339 Wallenstein, Albrecht von, L\u00fctzen 110\u201311 Yangzhou 123 Toyotomi Hideyoshi 122\u201323 War of 1812, New Orleans 154\u201355 Yarmouk 42, 43 Imjin War 74 Wars of the Roses, Bosworth Field 83 Yazdegerd III Trafalgar 144\u201345 Warsaw 246 Redoubtable (French ship) 144\u201345 Washington, George 137 al-Qadisiyyah 42\u201343 triremes Yarmouk 42, 43 Roman Empire 33 Siege of Yorktown 178 Yi Sun-Shin, Hansando 104\u201305 Salamis 19 Waterloo 156\u201357 York, Duke of, Solebay 123 Tserclaes, Johann, White Mountain 106\u201307 Wellington, Viscount, Salamanca 150\u201351 Yorktown aircraft carrier 216\u201317 Tsushima 9, 184\u201387 White Mountain 106\u201307 Ypres, Third see Passchendaele Dogger Bank Incident 187 Wilhelm I, Sedan 172 \u201cturn in sequence\u201d 186 William of Normandy, Duke, Hastings 46\u201349 Z wireless communication 187 William of Orange Tunisia, Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Zama 9, 27, 42, 43 Turkey Boyne 123 Zenta 123 Adrianople 36\u201337 Fleurus 140\u201341 Zhu Yuanzhang, Lake Poyang 83 Balaklava 160\u201361 Wladyslaw II Jagiello, Grunwald 70\u201371 \u017di\u017eka, Jan, Kutn\u00e1 Hora 74\u201375 Constantinople, Fall of see Constantinople, Fall of Wolfe, General James, Plains of Abraham 134\u201335 Zulus, Isandlwana 9, 176\u201377 World War I Inonu 246 aerial reconnaissance 196, 202, 203 Manzikert 50\u201351 Caporetto 246 Navarino 178\u201379 \u201ccreeping barrage\u201d coordination 196, 202 Dreadnought battleships 199 U First Marne 190\u201391 Gallipoli 192\u201393 Ukraine, Poltava 128\u201329 Jutland 198\u201399 Uluch Ali, Lepanto 97 \u201clightning bombardment\u201d 202 Umar, Caliph, Yarmouk 42, 43 Pals Battalions 201 Umayyad caliphate, Tours 38\u201339 Passchendaele 204\u201305 Urban, siege cannon 78, 80, 81 Urban II, Pope, Siege of Jerusalem 52\u201353","ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 255 Acknowledgments Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following people School, (16th century) \/ Royal Collection Trust \u00a9 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2018 (bc). 66-67 Bridgeman Images: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, France. 68-69 for their assistance with this book: akg-images: J\u00e9r\u00f4me da Cunha (c). 69 Alamy Stock Photo: North Wind Picture Archives (br). Bridgeman Images: Musee Dobree, Nantes, France (tr). Dorling Gadi Farfour, Steve Crozier, Meenal Goel, and Simran Saini for design Kindersley: \u00a9 The Board of Trustees of the Armouries (cr). 70-71 Getty Images: Universal History Archive. 71 Getty Images: Heritage Images (br). 72 Getty Images: assistance; Kate Taylor, Frankie Piscitelli, Rishi Bryan, Michael Clark, Jane Universal History Archive (bc). 72-73 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (t). 74-75 akg-images: Erich Lessing. 75 akg-images. 76 Mary Evans Perlmutter, and Megan Douglass for editorial assistance; Margaret Picture Library. 77 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (bl). 78 Alamy Stock Photo: Heritage Image Partnership Ltd (cra). 79 Getty Images: DEA McCormack for indexing. DTP designers: Sachin Gupta, Anita Yadav. PICTURE LIBRARY. 80-81 Rex by Shutterstock: Alfredo Dagli Orti (t). 81 Alamy Stock Photo: Danita Delimont (bl). Dreamstime.com: Ciaobucarest (br). 82 akg- The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind images: J\u00e9r\u00f4me da Cunha (bl). 83 Getty Images: DEA \/ A. DAGLI ORTI (tr). 84-85 akg-images: Nemeth. 86 Alamy Stock Photo: ART Collection (bc). 86-87 Alamy permission to reproduce their photographs: Stock Photo: Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library (b). 88-89 Bridgeman Images: Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Campania, Italy. 89 Alamy Stock Photo: Walker Art (Key: a-above; b-below\/bottom; c-centre; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top) Library (br). 90 Alamy Stock Photo: ART Collection (clb). Bridgeman Images: British Library, London, UK \/ \u00a9 British Library Board (br). 91 Dorling Kindersley: National Endpaper: front and back: Getty Images: nik wheeler. 1 Alamy Stock Photo: Everett Museum, New Delhi. 92 Alamy Stock Photo: Science History Images. 93 Alamy Stock Collection Inc (cr); Granger Historical Picture Archive (c). Getty Images: Werner Forman Photo: MARKA (clb). Bridgeman Images: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, France (br). (cl). 2-3 Alamy Stock Photo: Peter Horree. 4-5 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical 94-95 Alamy Stock Photo: Adam Eastland Art + Architecture (All Images Used On Picture Archive. 6 akg-images: ullstein bild \/ Haeckel (b). Getty Images: DEA \/ A. DAGLI The Spread). 96 Alamy Stock Photo: Paul Fearn. 97 Bridgeman Images: Pictures ORTI (c). Rex by Shutterstock: The Art Archive (t). 8 Bridgeman Images: Museum of from History (cra). Rex by Shutterstock: Granger (bc). 98-99 Alamy Stock Photo: Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA \/ William Sturgis Bigelow Collection (b). 9 Dorling Science History Images. 99 Bridgeman Images: Private Collection \/ Peter Newark Kindersley: Powell-Cotton Museum, Kent. 10-11 Bridgeman Images: Pushkin Pictures (br). 100-101 akg-images: Album \/ sfgp (t). 101 Getty Images: De Agostini Museum, Moscow, Russia. 12-13 National Museums of Scotland. 13 Getty Images: (br). 102 Alamy Stock Photo: The Granger Collection (bc). Getty Images: Mansell (bl); DEA \/ G. Nimatallah \/ De Agostini (bc). 14 Alamy Stock Photo: Classic Image (bl); www. whitemay (cl). 102-103 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (c). BibleLandPictures.com \/ Zev Radovan (tr). 14-15 Photo Scala, Florence. 15 Getty 103 Getty Images: Universal History Archive (bl, br). 104 Alamy Stock Photo: HD Images: Universal History Archive (tl). 16 Alamy Stock Photo: Antiqua Print Gallery. SIGNATURE CO.,LTD (bc). 104-105 Alamy Stock Photo: Science History Images (b). 17 Alamy Stock Photo: Panagiotis Karapanagiotis (tr). Bridgeman Images: Silverfish 106 Augsburg University Library: 02.IV.13.2.26-1 = Theatrum Europaeum vol. 1, Press \/ National Geographic Creative. 18-19 AF Fotografie. 19 Getty Images: Universal plate after (bc). SuperStock: Oronoz (clb). 106-107 Getty Images: DEA \/ G. Images Group \/ Leemage (br). 20-21 Alamy Stock Photo: Adam Eastland. 20 Alamy NIMATALLAH. 108 Getty Images: DEA PICTURE LIBRARY (bl). 108-109 Bridgeman Stock Photo: Adam Eastland (br). 22 Bridgeman Images: (tc). 22-23 Bridgeman Images: Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, Germany \/ \u00a9 DHM (b). 109 Images: Mondadori Electa. 23 Alamy Stock Photo: ART Collection (bc). Getty Images: Bridgeman Images: Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, Germany \/ \u00a9 DHM (cl, cr, (cr); De Agostini \/ G. 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(br). 36-37 akg-images: Pictures From History. 37 Alamy Stock Photo: Lanmas (br). 126 Getty Images: Print Collector (bl). 126-127 Bridgeman Images: National Army 38 Getty Images: Universal Images Group \/ Leemage. 39 The Metropolitan Museum Museum, London. 128-129 Bridgeman Images: Peterhof Palace, Petrodvorets, St. of Art, New York: John Stewart Kennedy Fund, 1913 (br). 40-41 Alamy Stock Photo: Petersburg, Russia. 129 akg-images. 130 Alamy Stock Photo: The Granger Collection INTERFOTO. 41 akg-images. Alamy Stock Photo: Science History Images \/ Photo (bl). Getty Images: Print Collector (cb). 130-131 Rex by Shutterstock: British Library \/ Reseaarchers (br). 42 Getty Images: DEA \/ G. DAGLI ORTI (bl). 43 Bridgeman Images: Robana. 132 SuperStock: Interfoto. 133 Getty Images: UniversalImagesGroup (br). 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Images: Mpi \/ Stringer. 137 Alamy Stock Photo: Danita Delimont (br). 138-139 Alamy 50-51 Getty Images: Werner Forman. 51 Alamy Stock Photo: Paul Fearn (br). 52 Stock Photo: World History Archive (t). 138 Alamy Stock Photo: ClassicStock (crb); Alamy Stock Photo: www.BibleLandPictures.com (bc). Getty Images: Ann Ronan North Wind Picture Archives (bc). 139 Bridgeman Images: Private Collection \/ Photo \u00a9 Pictures \/ Print Collector (clb). 53 Alamy Stock Photo: Science History Images. 54-55 Don Troiani (cb). Getty Images: Bettmann (br). 140-141 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Bridgeman Images: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA \/ William Historical Picture Archive. 140 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive Sturgis Bigelow Collection (t). 55 Bridgeman Images: Pictures from History (cra, crb). (bc). 142-143 Alamy Stock Photo: Heritage Image Partnership Ltd (t). 143 Alamy 56-57 Bridgeman Images: Pictures from History. 57 Alamy Stock Photo: Chronicle Stock Photo: Josse Christophel (br). 144-145 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Historical (br); Heritage Image Partnership Ltd (tr). 58-59 akg-images: Album \/ sfgp. 59 Alamy Picture Archive. 146-147 Alamy Stock Photo: GL Archive (t). 147 Alamy Stock Photo: Stock Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive (br). 60 Alamy Stock Photo: GL Chronicle (br). 148-149 Bridgeman Images: Hue, Jean-Francois (1751-1823) \/ Ch\u00e2teau Archive (cra); World History Archive (bc). Getty Images: Dea \/ G. Dagli Orti (bl). 61 de Versailles, France (tc). Getty Images: Heritage Images (b). 149 Alamy Stock Photo: Getty Images: Heritage Images. 62 Getty Images: Heritage Images. 63 \u00a9 FSUE Art Collection 2 (cra); Artepics (tc). 150-151 Alamy Stock Photo: Antiqua Print Gallery. Russian Post: (crb). Getty Images: Wojtek Radwanski \/ Stringer (c). 64 \u00a9 KHM- 151 Alamy Stock Photo: Niday Picture Library (br). 152-153 Getty Images: Heritage Museumsverband: (br). Rex by Shutterstock: The Art Archive (cb). 65 Alamy Stock Images. 153 Alamy Stock Photo: Antiqua Print Gallery (cr); Heritage Image Photo: Paul Fearn. 66 Bridgeman Images: Edward III, c.1600 (oil on panel), English","256 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Partnership Ltd (tc). Bridgeman Images: Chelminski, Jan van (1851-1925) \/ Private 247 Alamy Stock Photo: World History Archive (br). 248 Library of Congress, Collection \/ Photo \u00a9 Christie\u2019s Images (br). 154-155 Alamy Stock Photo: Granger Washington, D.C.: Jefferys, Thomas, -1771, Cartographer G3454.Q4S1 1760 .J4 Historical Picture Archive (t). 155 Alamy Stock Photo: Niday Picture Library (clb). Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.: LC-DIG-pga-11931 (br). 156-157 Alamy All other images \u00a9 Dorling Kindersley Stock Photo: GL Archive (b). 158-159 Getty Images: DEA \/ M. 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(b). 192-193 Bridgeman Images: Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia. 193 Imperial War Museum: \u00a9 IWM (Art.IWM PST 0398) (br). 194 Bridgeman Images: SZ Photo \/ Scherl (bl). 194-195 Getty Images: General Photographic Agency. 196 Getty Images: Print Collector (t). 196-197 Getty Images: Galerie Bilderwelt (b). 197 Getty Images: Galerie Bilderwelt (cr); ullstein bild Dtl. (t). 198 Bridgeman Images: SZ Photo. 199 Alamy Stock Photo: Classic Image (tr). Getty Images: Universal History Archive (b). 200-201 Getty Images: Windmill Books. 201 Bridgeman Images: Granger (br). 202-203 Bridgeman Images. 203 Alamy Stock Photo: PF-(wararchive) (br). Imperial War Museum: \u00a9 IWM (Q 70254) (tl); \u00a9 IWM (Q 61479) (tr). Mary Evans Picture Library: Illustrated London News Ltd (bl). 204-205 Bridgeman Images: Imperial War Museum, London (t). 204 Getty Images: Universal History Archive (bl). 205 Alamy Stock Photo: Chronicle (br). 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