Anglo-Danish Empire - A Companion to the Reign of King Cnut the Great

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Wilson, David M. \u201cDanish Kings and England in the Late Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries: Economic Implications.\u201d ANS 3 (1981 for 1980): 188\u201396. Wilson, David M. The Bayeux Tapestry. London: Thames & Hudson, 1985. Wilson, David M. The Vikings in the Isle of Man. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2008. Winterbottom, Michael, ed. Three Lives of English Saints. Toronto: Center for Medieval Studies by the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1972. Winterbottom, Michael, and R. M. Thomson, eds. Gesta Pontificum Anglorum, by William of Malmesbury. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007. Wipo. Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris. See Bresslau, Harry, ed. Witkowski, Teodolius. \u201cNamen der St\u00e4mme und Stammesgruppen.\u201d In Die Slawen in Deutschland, edited by Hermann, 10\u201314. Witkowski, Teodolius. \u201cSprachen und Dialekte.\u201d In Die Slawen in Deutschland, edited by Hermann, 47\u201354. Wolfram, Herwig. Conrad II, 990\u20131039. Emperor of Three Kingdoms. 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Ziegler, Victoria. \u201cFrom Wic to Burh: A New Approach to the Question of the Development of Early Medieval London.\u201d AJ 176 (2019): 336\u201368.","Index Abbo of Fleury, see Chronicles, annals, and \u00c6lfweard, king\u2019s reeve (1011) 126 histories \u00c6lle, king of Northumbria Adam of Bremen, see Chronicles, annals, (862\u2013867) 248\u201349 (Ella) 250, and histories 289 (Ella) 296\u201397 (Ella) 299 \u00c6thelbald, king of Wessex (855\u2013860) 213 \u00c6lfgifu of Northampton \u00c6thelberht, king of Kent (d. 616) 29 \u2013 wife to Cnut 2, 6\u20137, 171, 176, 341\u201342, 438, \u00c6thelberht, king of Wessex (860\u2013865) 213 \u00c6thelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury 444 (1020\u20131038) 13\u201317, 222, 366\u201367, 395, \u00c6lfheah (Elphege), St., Archbishop of 412n, 426 \u00c6thelred, ealdorman of Mercia (d. 911) 146 Canterbury (1006\u20131012) 107, 124, 125, \u00c6thelred II, king of England (978\u20131016) 8, 127, 392 21, 200, 224, 225, 244, 255, 273, 276, \u2013 martyred 3, 51, 107, 137, 142, 155 367 \u2013 interred in London 164\u201365 \u2013 genealogy 290, 291, 297 \u2013 cult 372 \u2013 coronation 134, 179, 180, 181, 188 \u2013 translated to Canterbury 12, 13\u201317, 131, \u2013 reign 113, 137, 138, 161, 169, 182, 185, 164, 196n, 222, 372, 380, 426 186n, 187, 259, 274\u201375, 278, 356, \u00c6lfthryth, Edgar\u2019s queen 368\u201369, 372, 373, 375, 376\u201377, 451, (ca. 945\u2013ca. 1000) 231 452n \u00c6lnoth of Canterbury, see Chronicles, \u2013 and St. Brice\u2019s Day 2, 249 annals, and histories \u2013 in war against Thorkell and Sveinn 97\u2013112, \u00c6lfric, abbot of Eynsham 115, 129, 139\u201340, 146, 286\u201387, 341, 396 (ca. 955\u2013ca. 1010) 275 \u2013 exile in Normandy 3, 149, 171, 176, 275, \u2013 his efforts against the Danes 136 287 \u2013 his influence on missionaries 276 \u2013 in war against Kn\u00fatr (Cnut) 3\u20134, 8, 60, \u2013 Catholic Homilies 278 97\u2013112, 131\u201333, 135, 146, 248\u201349, 279, \u2013 Colloquy 266 296\u201397 \u2013 Homily for the Feast of St. Clement 434 \u2013 death and burial 4, 5, 9, 17, 129, 137, 141, \u2013 Homily for Palm Sunday 269 144, 146, 155, 164, 178, 179, 186\u201387, \u2013 The Life of St. Edmund 297 220, 223 \u2013 Memory of the Saints 266 \u2013 queen Emma 149, 153\u201354, 156, 164, 194, \u2013 On the Beginning of Creation 270 215, 227, 228, 229 \u2013 Saints\u2019 Lives 266 \u2013 widow Emma marries Cnut 7, 9, 17, 153, \u2013 Sermon on the Prayer of Moses 135 155, 179, 227, 290 \u2013 literary style reflected in Sigvatr \u2013 coins 8, 65\u201371, 73\u201374, 170, 176n, 323, 362 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 273 \u2013 law codes 57, 120, 218, 278, 280, 380 \u00c6lfric, archbishop of Canterbury \u00c6thelstan \u00e6theling, \u00c6thelred II\u2019s eldest son (995\u20131005) 102, 124, 125 (d. 1014) 107, 122, 149, 158 \u00c6lfric, ealdorman of Hampshire \u00c6thelstan, first king of England (d. 1016) 123, 124, 125, 128, 220 ((924\u2013)927\u2013939) 147, 169, 175, 297, 377 \u00c6lfric, erstwhile owner of the Manor of \u00c6thelstan, see Guthrum Goodbegot 228n \u00c6thelweard\u2019s Chronicon, see Chronicles, \u00c6lfweard, briefly king of Wessex annals, and histories (d. 924) 233 \u00c6lfweard the Tall, monk of Canterbury (1023) 16 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781501513336-025","536 Index \u00c6thelwold, Alfred\u2019s rebel nephew \u2013 1003 (E) 271 (d. 901) 223, 224 \u2013 1010 115 \u2013 1014 (E) 116 \u00c6thelwold, bishop of Winchester \u2013 1016 5, 95, 120, 129, 224 (963\u2013984) 215 \u2013 1017 (CD) 178, 186, 274 \u2013 1018 (D) 343 \u2013 supporter of Queen \u00c6lfthryth 231 \u2013 1022 (CDE) 426\u201327 \u2013 as reformer 215, 233, 382\u201383 \u2013 1023 (D) 13, 17n \u2013 as renovator of Old and New Minsters 243 \u2013 1028 (CDE) 468 \u2013 death 97 \u2013 1031 (D) 218\u201319 \u2013 relics of 282 \u2013 1043 (D) 229\u201330 \u00c6thelwulf, king of Wessex (839\u2013858) 213 Annales Ryenses, see Chronicles, annals, \u00c1grip af N\u00f3regskonungas\u01ebgum, and histories see Chronicles, annals, and histories \u00c1rni Magn\u00fasson, antiquarian Alcuin of York (ca. 735\u2013804) 271, 339 Aldermanbury (London) 28, 36\u201337, 50\u201351 (1663\u20131730) 384 Aldwych (London) 22, 29, 30, 54 Arn\u00f3rr jarlask\u00e1ld, see Skalds Alfred the Great, king of Wessex Ashdon (Essex), see Assandun Ashingdon (Essex), see Assandun (871\u2013899) 21 Assandun, battle of (1016) 5, 71, 145n, 162, \u2013 and London 38, 40\u201341, 47, 52, 61\u201362, 64, 196, 199, 201, 220, 289, 372 73, 146 Asser, bishop, see Chronicles, annals, and \u2013 and Winchester 213\u201314, 217, 223\u201324 \u2013 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle written in histories \u00c1slaug Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir F\u00e1fnisbana 247, time 114\u201315 \u2013 Old English translation of Gregory\u2019s 249\u201351 \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0r (Estrith) Sveinsd\u00f3ttir, sister to Cnut Pastoral Care (Rule) by, with or for 271 \u2013 Preface to the Old English translation of (d. 1057x1073) 7, 227, 232, 288, 349, 421, 422n Gregory\u2019s Pastoral Care 135 \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0r \u00d3l\u00e1fsd\u00f3ttir, queen to St. \u00d3l\u00e1fr \u2013 Asser\u2019s Life of Alfred written for 281 Haraldsson 256 \u2013 St. Augustine\u2019s Soliloquies by, for or Axe-head A23346 (London) 90 after 185 Bede, see Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 will 183 Beowulf, Old English heroic poem 10, 173, \u2013 burial 213, 223\u201324 Alfred \u00e6theling (ca. 1005\u20131036), \u00c6thelred 225, 246, 252, 253, 265, 267, 271 \u2013 hero 235, 241, 246, 251 II\u2019s son 188, 189, 297 \u2013 manuscript 173n, 246\u201347, 271, 277\u201379, Alney, see Olney Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 3, 8, 13, 31, 57, 97, 282, 283n \u2013 importance in Cnut\u2019s reign 279\u201384, 102, 107, 112, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156\u201357, 160\u201363, 169, 172, 293\u2013300 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 186, 187, Bernhard, English-trained bishop in 193\u201394, 196, 213n, 217, 224\u201325, 233, 290, 300, 344\u201345, 355, 375 Sk\u00e5ne 242, 346\u201347, 394 \u2013 Discussions of text Birger Magnusson, Swedish earl \u2013 755 (A) 116 \u2013 837 (A) 115 (ca. 1210\u20131266) 383 \u2013 855 281, 291, 293\u201394 BL, MS. Stowe 944, see Manuscripts \u2013 993\u20131016 (CDE) (\u201c\u00c6thelredian Bo\u0142eslaw I the Brave, duke (992\u20131025) Fragment\u201d) 8, 9, 113\u201328, 130\u201344 \u2013 999 114\u201315 and king (1025) of Poland 403, 411, 414","Index 537 Brentford 81, 82, 83, 84, battle (1016) 5, \u2013 S 168 32 120, 145n, 153, 161\u201362, 164 \u2013 S 346 35, 52 \u2013 S 670 30 Brut (Anglo-Norman Prose), see Chronicles, \u2013 S 836 243n annals, and histories \u2013 S 880 368n \u2013 S 889 243n Brynhildr, heroine 240, 241, 245, 247, \u2013 S 909 187, 188n 250, 284 \u2013 S 918 117 \u2013 S 934 117 Bull Wharf (London) 45, 46, 52, 66\u201367, 70, \u2013 S 937 117, 185 72, 74 \u2013 S 949 182n \u2013 S 956 (Drayton) 181\u201388, 220, 376 Burgred, king of Mercia (852\u2013874) 35 \u2013 S 958 366\u201367 \u2013 S 959 1n, 222 Canterbury, archdiocese of southern \u2013 S 960 182n England 2 \u2013 S 962 185, 413, 415n, 429 \u2013 S 963 1n, 279 \u2013 archbishops 3, 12\u201317, 29, 32, 87, 102, 107, \u2013 S 964 480n 124, 125, 126, 178, 179n, 357, 392 \u2013 S 970 243n \u2013 S 971 279 \u2013 axis with York 11 \u2013 S 972 220, 243n \u2013 acquisition of St. Mildred\u2019s relics from \u2013 S 976 220, 243n \u2013 S 980 349n Thanet 380\u201381 \u2013 S 981 479\u201380 \u2013 as home of \u201c\u00c6thelredian Fragment\u201d 113 \u2013 S 984 349n \u2013 home of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (F) 194 \u2013 S 985 222 \u2013 home of manuscripts by Eadui Basan 221 \u2013 S 1384 180 \u2013 \u00c6lfheah brings St. Swithun\u2019s skull with \u2013 S 1396 480 \u2013 S 1448 118 him to 392, 393 \u2013 S 1465 51 \u2013 siege of (1011) 2, 193 \u2013 S 1507 183 \u2013 loss of Archbishop \u00c6lfheah (1012) 3, 372 \u2013 S 1628 35, 52 \u2013 endowed with reliquary by Cnut 173n Cheapside hoard (London) 60\u201361, 68, 86 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s patronage of 219n, 222 Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 recovery of Archbishop \u00c6lfheah \u2013 Abbo of Fleury\u2019s Passio beati (1023) 12\u201317, 131, 164, 196n, 380, 426 Eadmundi 297 \u2013 bishops for Scandinavia consecrated \u2013 Adam of Bremen\u2019s Gesta Hammaburgensis at 366, 371, 395 ecclesiae pontificum 298, 299, 341, \u2013 Sigvatr and other skalds possibly at 346\u201347, 349, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 369\u201370, 373, 400, 405, 406, 257, 273 407, 408, 409\u201310, 413n, 415, 416, \u2013 gossip about Emma at 231 419\u201320, 422, 423, 424, 445, 480n \u2013 Edward the Confessor said to be crowned \u2013 \u00c6lnoth\u2019s Vita s. Canuti 327\u201328 \u2013 \u00c6thelweard\u2019s Chronicon 281, 293\u201394 at 179 \u2013 \u00c1grip af N\u00f3regskonungas\u01ebgum 459, 472, Cenwulf, king of Mercia (796\u2013821) 32 481, 482, 483 Ceolnoth, archbishop of Canterbury \u2013 Annales Ryenses 171, 385 (ca. 833\u2013870) 32 Charlemagne, emperor (768\u2013814) 256, 360, 377, 399, 460n Charters 10, 29, 34, 60, 66, 97, 175, 178, 180 (Frankish), 188 (1016, of Ghent), 201, 212\u201313 (of Old Minster), 222, 224, 225 (Glastonbury), 279, 298 (of St Cuthbert\u2019s), 300, 356 (New Minster Figure 10.2), 376, 384n, 413 \u2013 By Sawyer no.","538 Index \u2013 Asser\u2019s Vita Alfredi 281 \u2013 Osbern of Canterbury\u2019s Translatio s. \u2013 Bede\u2019s Historia ecclesiastica gentis \u00c6lfegi 12\u201317 Anglorum 29, 32, 34 \u2013 Rimbert\u2019s Vita Anskarii 363n, 364n \u2013 Bede\u2019s Martyrologium 448 \u2013 Robert of Gloucester\u2019s Chronicle 205 \u2013 Brut (Anglo-Norman Prose) 205 \u2013 Roger of Wendover\u2019s Chronica 181 \u2013 Chronicon Ramseiense 350 \u2013 Saxo Grammaticus\u2019s Gesta \u2013 Chronicon Roskildense 300, 342, 349, Danorum 249\u201350, 361, 385, 413n 351, 383n \u2013 Skj\u01ebldunga saga 247n, 250, 285 \u2013 De obsessione Dunelmi 177 \u2013 Snorri Sturluson\u2019s Heimskringla 57\u201358, \u2013 Encomium Emmae reginae 4n, 5, 150n, 92, 159, 205n, 257, 258, 259, 269, 287n, 151n, 154, 155\u201356, 160, 192, 194\u201399, 374, 388, 389, 424n, 436, 437, 438, 201\u201305, 217, 231n, 287n, 298n, 300n, 461, 462, 467, 469, 477\u201379, 481 341\u201342, 355, 360, 362, 364, 377, 408, \u2013 South English Legendary 206 411\u201312, 420, 423, 467n, 469, 470n, \u2013 Sven Aggesen\u2019s Brevis historia regum 471n, 477n, 479n, 480n Dacie 361 \u2013 Fagrskinna 249, 294n, 305n, 424n, 459, \u2013 Theodericus Monachus\u2019s Historia de 463, 469 antiquitate regum Norwagiensium 459, \u2013 Gaimar\u2019s Estoire des Engleis 204\u201305 472\u201374 \u2013 Goscelin of Canterbury\u2019s Account of St \u2013 Thietmar of Merseburg\u2019s Chronicon 149, Mildrith 218\u201319, 222, 226, 231 154\u201355, 158\u201359, 360\u201361, 401, 406, 407, \u2013 Goscelin of Canterbury\u2019s De miraculis s. 409, 410\u201311, 412, 419\u201320, 421, 422, Eadmundi 200\u201303 424, 437, 438 \u2013 Hemming\u2019s Chartularium 200 \u2013 Vita \u00c6dwardi Regis 171n, 179, 345n \u2013 Henry of Huntingdon\u2019s Historia \u2013 Vita s. Swithuni episcopi et Anglorum 159, 191, 202\u201303, 205, 207, confessoris 379, 381\u201382 219, 243n, 412, 426\u201328 \u2013 Walter Map\u2019s De nugis curialium 205 \u2013 Historia de sancto Cuthberto 174, 298\u201399 \u2013 Widukind\u2019s Res gestae Saxonicae 401, \u2013 John of Worcester\u2019s Chronicon 2n, 14, 402, 404, 405, 408 51\u201352, 117, 145n, 146\u201347, 148\u201349, 150, \u2013 William of Jumi\u00e8ges\u2019s Gesta Normannorum 156\u201358, 163, 178, 181n, 191, 200, 202, Ducum 155, 250, 259, 260 203, 220, 349n, 413\u201314, 429, 450, 475, \u2013 William of Malmesbury\u2019s Gesta pontificum 479, 480 Anglorum 207, 382 \u2013 J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga 462, 466, 477, 479 \u2013 William of Malmesbury\u2019s Gesta regum \u2013 J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga (Appendix) 4, 155, 349, Anglorum 148, 150, 151, 158, 160, 161n, 467, 469, 471, 477, 479 187, 191, 204, 207, 221, 224, 225, 230, \u2013 Jordanes\u2019s De origine actibusque 244n, 296, 382 Getarum 385 \u2013 William of Malmesbury\u2019s Historia \u2013 *Kn\u00fats saga 206 Novella 220\u201321 \u2013 Kn\u00fdtlinga saga 155, 205\u201306, 289, 459, \u2013 Winchester Annals 217, 380 461\u201362 \u2013 Wipo\u2019s Gesta Chuonradi II 414\u201315 \u2013 Lantfred\u2019s Translatio et miracula s. \u2013 Wulfstan Cantor\u2019s Vita s. \u00c6thelwoldi Swithuni 216 243, 382 \u2013 Morkinskinna 389, 459 \u2013 See also Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Skalds, \u2013 Orderic Vitalis\u2019s Ecclesiastical Wulfstan archbishop of York History 226n, 388 Clement, St. 433 \u2013 Orosius\u2019s Historia adversus paganos 385 \u2013 cult in Kyiv 433\u201338, 441, 449\u201350, 454, 457 \u2013 Osbern of Canterbury\u2019s Passio s. \u00c6lfegi 13 \u2013 cult in London 6, 15, 24, 448","Index 539 \u2013 cult in Oslo 436\u201341 \u2013 and Emperor Conrad II 7, 414\u201315, 425 \u2013 cult in Oxford 452 \u2013 and Poland 11, 411\u201314, 416\u201317, 424\u201330 \u2013 cult in Roskilde 350, 443\u201346, 453\u201355 \u2013 as benefactor 220\u201322, 235, 243\u201344, \u2013 cult in Trondheim 436\u201341, 444, 446 \u2013 churches in England 450\u201352 357, 376 Cnut the Great, king of England and Denmark \u2013 as patron of manuscripts 355, 357 \u2013 imperial styles 1, 169 (1016\u20131035) 46, 55, 60, 64, 66, 75, 92, \u2013 death and burial 7, 223\u201327 96, 113, 128, 132, 145 \u2013 historiography 459\u201384 \u2013 mother 1, 399, 419\u201324, 425 \u2013 See also Coins \u2013 birth 1 Coins 38n, 340, 347 \u2013 and his brother Haraldr 3, 7, 170\u201371, 414 \u2013 Edgar\u2019s reform (973) 66, 74 \u2013 sisters 232, 413\u201314, 479 \u2013 in 1945 Viborg 345 \u2013 forebears 247\u201351, 399 \u2013 Hoards 282\u201383, 340 \u2013 children 8, 17, 438, 444, 450, 456 \u2013 wife \u00c6lfgifu 2, 6\u20137, 171, 176, 341\u201342, 438, \u2013 Cornhill (London) 67, 68 444 \u2013 Honey Lane Market (London) 67, 68 \u2013 queen Emma 7, 17, 153\u201356 \u2013 Hornelunde (Denmark) 313 \u2013 first campaign in England 3, 56, 58\u201360 \u2013 Roskilde, St. J\u00f8rgensbjerg \u2013 sieges of London 147\u201353, 161\u201362 \u2013 conquest of England 4\u20136, 8, 110\u201312, 133, (Denmark) 348, 453 136, 137, 143, 156\u201358, 162\u201365, 172\u201378, \u2013 St. Martin le Grand (London) 67, 68 337, 361 \u2013 Walbrook (London) 67, 68, 74 \u2013 coronation 178\u201380 \u2013 Kings \u2013 and law codes 10, 57, 481\u201383 \u2013 Alfred 73 \u2013 West Saxon government 8, 180\u201389, \u2013 \u00c6thelred II 8, 66, 68, 69, 74, 323 227\u201333 \u2013 Cnut 8, 56, 68, 71\u201374 \u2013 and Winchester 9\u201310, 209\u201312, 215\u201319, 277 \u2013 Cenwulf 32 \u2013 and his skalds 10, 17\u201318, 153, 251, 255, \u2013 Edgar 56 257, 261, 263\u201366, 269\u201376, 280, 284, \u2013 Edward the Confessor 68 285\u201393, 294\u201395, 296\u201398, 459 \u2013 Haraldr Gormsson 360 \u2013 his atrocities 3, 139, 176, 186 \u2013 Harold Harefoot 71 \u2013 execution of Uhtred 4, 128, 177, 193 \u2013 Sveinn Forkbeard 362 \u2013 execution of Eadric Streona 9, 191\u2013207 \u2013 Legends 340 \u2013 execution of \u00dalfr 349, 460n, 463\u201364, 480n \u2013 on Cenwulf\u2019s 32 \u2013 Letter of 1020 300, 377 \u2013 on Sveinn Forkbeard\u2019s 341, 362 \u2013 Letter of 1027 377, 459 \u2013 Moneyers \u2013 translation of St \u00c6lfheah 12\u201317 \u2013 Aelfwi of Stamford 72 \u2013 crowning in Viborg 10\u201311, 305\u201306, 323, \u2013 \u00c6thelwerd of London 70 331\u201333, 345 \u2013 Alfwald of (?) Winchester 73 \u2013 Baltic campaign (1023\u20131024) 7, 345, 412, \u2013 Brihtlaf of London 69 426\u201328 \u2013 Byrhtlaf of London 73 \u2013 rebellion (1025\u201326) against 7, 345, 349, 467 \u2013 Eadmund of London 72 \u2013 conquest of Norway (1028) 7, 345, 468 \u2013 Eadwold of London 69 \u2013 ecclesiastical policy 11, 346\u201348, 355\u201359, \u2013 Edric of Chester 70 365\u201368, 377\u201378 \u2013 Edwine of London 72, 73 \u2013 and saints 372\u201375, 379\u201386, 394\u201397, \u2013 Englishman at Viborg 320\u201321 431\u201333, 443\u201346, 451\u201354, 456 \u2013 Englishmen in Denmark 300, 340, 347, 348, 352, 362n \u2013 Godwine in Denmark 340, 341","540 Index \u2013 Godwine of Warminster 70 \u2013 cult of St. Clement in 431, 441\u201346, 448, \u2013 Leofm\u00e6r of Hereford 70 449\u201350, 455\u201357 \u2013 Leofwine in Lund 342n, 347 \u2013 Linfinc of Lincoln 72 \u2013 place of Sk\u00e5ne in 287, 294, 467 \u2013 Lod of London 73 \u2013 overlordship of Norway 287 \u2013 Osgar of Bedford 70 \u2013 links with Western Slavs 399, 402\u201308, \u2013 Wulfred of London 73 \u2013 Types 412, 414\u201315, 416\u201317, 425\u201329 \u2013 Agnus Dei 375 \u2013 links with Poland 409\u201315, 419\u201325, 429\u201330 \u2013 Crux 69, 73, 362 \u2013 Danish soldiers return to 6, 343\u201344 \u2013 Danish 170 \u2013 Anglo-Danes return to 348\u201352 \u2013 Danish imitation of English 347 \u2013 English settlement in 300, 321\u201323, \u2013 Early Saxon 72 \u2013 English type in Denmark 320\u201322 338\u201339, 340, 343\u201346, 453 \u2013 First Hand 73 \u2013 growth of towns in 323\u201334, 347\u201351, 453 \u2013 First Small Cross 73 \u2013 foreign coins in 340 \u2013 Helmet 69 \u2013 mints of 323\u201324, 340\u201341, 348 \u2013 Last Small Cross 70 \u2013 kings in Beowulf 10, 278, 281\u201384, 300 \u2013 Long Cross 68, 69 \u2013 Saxo Grammaticus in 249\u201350 \u2013 Merovingian 72 \u2013 historiography 460\u201364, 476\u201381 \u2013 Northumbrian stycas 52 \u2013 Kings. see Gorm the Old, Harald Bluetooth \u2013 Pointed Helmet 71, 72 \u2013 Quatrefoil 70, 72 Gormsson, Sveinn Forkbeard \u2013 Sceattas 73 Haraldsson, Haraldr Sveinsson, Cnut the \u2013 Short Cross 72, 73 Great, Harthacnut Cnutsson, Magn\u00fas \u2013 Unidentified 73 the Good \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, Sveinn II Conrad II, emperor of Germany \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson, Erik I Ejegod, Niels I Svendsen, Erik IV Plovpenning (1027\u20131039) 7, 414\u201315, 425 De obsessione Dunelmi, see Chronicles, Cripplegate fort (London) 25\u201326, 34, 35, 36, annals, and histories Drayton Charter, see Charters 37, 39, 42, 51, 53, 56, 61, 150\u201351 Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury (959\u2013988) 16 Danegeld, see Geld Denmark 1\u20133, 4, 7, 12, 57, 145, 146, Eadric Streona, ealdorman of Mercia (1007\u20131017) 5, 123, 125, 126, 127, 164, 187 244, 257 \u2013 extent 170n, 343, 385\u201386, 432 \u2013 meaning of byname 4 \u2013 iron-age weapon deposits in 77 \u2013 raised to ealdorman 102, 169 \u2013 King Sveinn\u2019s burial in 176 \u2013 conflict with Edmund Ironside 122 \u2013 \u00c6lfgifu\u2019s presence in 189n, 341\u201342 \u2013 role in murders at Oxford 187, 188 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s coronation in 7, 10, 305, 333 \u2013 fighting for Edmund 162 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s slow winning of 170, 171, 188, 197, \u2013 deserting Edmund 157, 162 \u2013 execution 9, 52, 163, 191\u2013207, 357 215, 278, 292\u201393, 300, 323, 345 \u2013 widow 349 \u2013 rebellion against Cnut in 288 \u2013 in Appendix to J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga 467 \u2013 Harthacnut as king of 291\u201392, 298, 305n Eadwig, \u00c6fic\u2019s brother (d. 1010) 126 \u2013 early Christianity in 359\u201365 Eadwig \u00e6theling, \u00c6thelred II\u2019s son \u2013 ecclesiastical policy in 11, 348, 356, 365\u201368, (d. 1017) 274 369\u201370, 377\u201378, 379, 395, 453\u201354 Eadwig, king of England (946\u2013957) 223 \u2013 cult of St. Swithun in 383\u201386, 394, 397 Edgar the Peaceable, king of England (957\u2013975)","Index 541 \u2013 troubled accession to throne 377 \u2013 despoliation of Emma 229\u201330 \u2013 queen \u00c6lfthryth 231 \u2013 and London 35, 51 \u2013 attack on Thanet (969) 181\u201382 \u2013 and Winchester 216 \u2013 grant of Hurstbourne lands to Abingdon \u2013 writ 228, 232 \u2013 Lives 206, 428 (S 962) 185 Egill Skallagr\u00edmsson, see Skalds \u2013 patron of monastic reform 356, 358\u201359 Eil\u00edfr Go\u00f0r\u00fanarson, see Skalds \u2013 coin reform (ca. 973) 66, 74 Einarr sk\u00e1laglamm Helgason, see Skalds \u2013 laws cited in Oxford (1018) 178, 218 Einarr Sk\u00falason, see Skalds \u2013 cited by \u00d3ttarr svarti (J\u00e1tgeirr) 290, 298 Eir\u00edkr Bloodaxe Haraldsson, king of Norway \u2013 death and burial place 134, 223 \u2013 anti-monastic reaction following his (ca. 933\u2013ca.945) and York (948\u201349, 952\u201354) 174, 245\u201346 death 376 Eir\u00edkr H\u00e1konarson, earl of Norway and Edmund, St., king of East Anglia Northumbria (d. 1023) 4 \u2013 campaign in England 153, 285\u201386, 462 (d. 869) 174, 201\u201303, 222, 297, \u2013 Northumbrian earldom 169 373\u201373 \u2013 as patron of \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r Kolbeinsson 152\u201353 Edmund I, king of England (939\u2013946) 223 \u2013 as executioner of Eadric Streona Edmund II Ironside, king of England (1016) 4, 195\u201399, 204 17, 21, 107, 122, 223, 227, 467 Eir\u00edkr the Victorious, king of Sweden \u2013 byname 250 (d. 995) 410\u201311, 419\u201322, 424 \u2013 coronation 71, 120, 137 Eir\u00edksm\u00e1l, Old Norse poem 245\u201346 \u2013 rift with \u00c6thelred II 4, 107, 112, 223 Elphege, St., see \u00c6lfheah \u2013 supporters 8, 122, 194, 195, 205 Emma of Normandy (ca. 984\u20131052), queen of \u2013 sons 188\u201389, 189n England 125, 227 \u2013 relief of London 59, 121, 160\u201361, 165 \u2013 Norman family 153, 155, 260, 357 \u2013 war with Cnut 4\u20135, 9, 112, 118n, 145\u201362, \u2013 as spectator in Li\u00f0smannaflokkr 154, 156 164, 176, 220, 372 \u2013 as addressee of Li\u00f0smannaflokkr 421n \u2013 treaty with Cnut 95, 137, 162\u201363, 177, 186, \u2013 as \u00c6thelred\u2019s widow 7, 153, 164, 179 224\u201325, 233, 244n, 287, 288, 380 (called \u00c6lfgifu), 215, 223 \u2013 death and burial 5, 9, 71, 122, 133, 163, \u2013 as mother of Edward 194 172, 177, 180, 189, 193, 194, 196\u201397, \u2013 as wicked stepmother 149 200\u201301, 204\u201305, 206, 297, 380 \u2013 whereabouts (1013\u20131017) 153\u201356, 164 \u2013 reburial in Winchester 224 \u2013 marriage with Cnut 7, 17, 154, 194, 196, Edward the Elder, king of Wessex 244n, 290 (899\u2013924) 213\u201315 \u2013 as mother of Harthacnut 189, 196n, 222, \u2013 family 290 231, 291, 298 \u2013 and Winchester 213, 216, 223, 233 \u2013 Scandinavian retinue 244 \u2013 burial 224 \u2013 links with Winchester 209, 210\u201312, 215, Edward the Martyr, St. (975\u2013978) 134, 180, 219, 221, 227\u201334 231, 372, 375, 378 \u2013 as benefactor 219, 221\u201322, 230, 233, \u2013 relics 380 243, 357 Edward the Confessor, king of England \u2013 gossip about 231, 467 (1042\u20131066) 68, 156, 227, 231 \u2013 as power behind Encomium Emmae \u2013 exile (1016) 188, 189 192, 194 \u2013 return from exile 194\u201395, 197, 297 \u2013 burial 224, 231 \u2013 coronation 179, 233 \u2013 See also Encomium Emmae reginae \u2013 mass in St. Clement\u2019s 452 \u2013 disbanding of navy 451","542 Index Encomium Emmae reginae, see Chronicles, the Elder, \u00c6lfweard, \u00c6thelstan, Edmund annals, and histories I, Eadwig, Edgar the Peaceable, Edward the Martyr, \u00c6thelred II, Edmund II England 169\u201370 Ironside, Cnut, Harold I Harefoot, \u2013 East Anglia in 2, 117\u201318, 122, 124, 125, Harthacnut, Edward the Confessor, Harold II, William I, William II Rufus, 151\u201353, 164, 169, 174, 349, 350, 452 Henry I, Stephen of Blois \u2013 Essex in 5, 124, 125, 136, 162, 289 \u2013 See also Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and \u2013 Mercia (midlands) in 5, 32, 35, 36, 38, 102, Chronicles, annals, and histories Eorconwald, bishop of London (675\u2013693) 29 117\u201318, 124, 125, 126, 127, 137, 139, Epigraphy; see also Coins 145\u201346, 148, 157, 162, 169, 172, 175\u201376, \u2013 Inscriptions in Roman letters 187, 193, 278, 279 \u2013 Lund (Leofwine\u2019s Winchester-style \u2013 Northumbria (north) in 5, 52, 117\u201318, 122, pen-lid) 347 124, 125, 127, 145, 169, 174n, 175, 177, \u2013 Old Minster (Winchester) 224\u201325, 232 193, 242, 248, 297\u201398, 375 \u2013 Runic inscriptions 339\u201340, 343, 344n \u2013 Wessex in 62, 137, 139, 146, 147\u201349, \u2013 Asmild (Denmark) 324, 325\u201326 156\u201359, 161, 163\u201365, 169, 175\u201377, \u2013 Jelling (Denmark) 247, 331, 360, 362, 181\u201387, 188, 212, 220, 222, 223, 232, 402\u201304 278, 287, 289, 380, 394 \u2013 Skjern (Denmark) 324\u201325 \u2013 the Church in 11, 53\u201355, 97, 135, 170, \u2013 Stavanger (Norway) 396 199\u2013200, 222, 231, 242, 276, 346, 355, \u2013 St. Paul\u2019s churchyard (London) 55, 92 358\u201360, 365, 368, 369, 377\u201378, \u2013 S\u00f8nder Vissing (Denmark) 402 380\u201383, 446 \u2013 V\u00e4sby (Sweden) 344 \u2013 First Viking Age in 38\u201341, 61, 66, 78, \u2013 Wiejkowo (Poland) 409 (\u201cCurmsun disc\u201d) 79\u201380, 114, 146, 297\u201399 \u2013 Winchester 228\u201329 \u2013 Second Viking Age in 2\u20137, 56\u201363, \u2013 Ytterg\u00e4rde (Sweden) 102, 344 82\u201385, 89\u201395, 97\u2013112, 113, 115\u201322, Erik I Ejegod Svendsen, king of Denmark 129\u201343, 145\u201364, 241\u201342, 247, 253, (1095\u20131103) 285, 403, 416 257\u201360, 278\u201379, 286\u201388, 296\u201397, Erik IV Plovpenning, king of Denmark 362, 380 (1232\u20131250) 461 \u2013 Danelaw 2, 176, 187, 250, 448, 449 Erik the Victorious, see Eir\u00edkr the Victorious \u2013 Cnut\u2019s earldoms in 169, 285 Erlingr Skj\u00e1lgsson, magnate in Norway \u2013 links with Denmark 338\u201352 (d. 1027) 11, 255, 266\u201367, 392, 396\u201397 \u2013 links with Normandy 1, 3, 7, 65, 107, 116, \u2013 See also Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 127, 149, 153\u201357, 171, 176, 179n, 189, Estrid, see \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0r 194, 226, 227, 233, 236, 257, 259, 287, Estrith, see \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0r 297, 357, 361, 427, 437, 450 Eysteinn Erlendsson, archbishop of \u2013 links with Norway 1, 4, 10, 11\u201312, 261\u201362, Trondheim (Ni\u00f0ar\u00f3s) (1161\u20131188) 374, 274, 275\u201376, 285\u201386, 288, 337, 343, 472\u201373 345, 368, 373, 378, 383\u201397, 443, Eysteinn Magn\u00fasson, king of Norway 446\u201350, 455, 456 (1103\u20131123) 481 \u2013 links with Poland 413\u201316, 425\u201326, 428\u201329 \u2013 links with Ukraine 10, 436, 438 Fagrskinna, see Chronicles, annals, and \u2013 historiography 194\u2013206 histories \u2013 Kings see Offa, Cenwulf, \u00c6lle of Northumbria, Edmund (St.) of East Freyr, Norse god 251 Anglia, \u00c6thelwulf, Burgred, \u00c6thelbald, \u00c6thelberht, Alfred the Great, Edward","Index 543 Gaimar, see Chronicles, annals, and Hamburg-Bremen, archdiocese of 274, 347, histories 355, 363\u201365, 367\u201368, 370, 407, 410, 421n Gainsborough (Lincs.) 2, 3, 107, 176, 361 Gamlebyen (Oslo), see Oslo Haraldr Bluetooth Gormsson, king of Geld 2n, 5\u20136, 68, 71, 136, 143, 340, 343n, Denmark (d. 986) 11, 187, 247, 298n, 325, 359\u201362, 363, 365, 368n, 373, 377, 347, 451 402, 404, 405, 406, 408, 409, 410, 416, Genesis B, West Saxon poem 270 422, 441 Gerbrand, English-trained bishop of Roskilde Haraldr Fairhair, king of Norway (1022\u20131030) 346\u201347, 366\u201367, 454 (d. ca. 933) 477 Godric, monk and dean of Canterbury Haraldr Gilli, king of Norway (1023) 13, 15 (1130\u20131136) 389 Godwine, (probably) ealdorman of Lindsey Haraldr Harsh-Ruler Sigur\u00f0arson, king of (d. 1016) 117, 124, 126, 128 Norway (1042\u20131066) 288, 374, Godwine, earl of Wessex (d. 1053) 4, 185, 395, 439 212, 232, 244, 345n, 375 Haraldr Sveinsson, Cnut\u2019s elder brother \u2013 Baltic service 426 (d. 1019) 2, 7, 11, 170\u201371, 300, 323, 411, Godwine, English moneyer in Denmark 412, 413, 414, 420, 421, 422n 340, 341 \u2013 See also Cnut the Great Godwine, moneyer 70 Haraldr, earl, son of Thorkell the Tall 477n, Gorm the Old, king of Denmark 298, 325, 478\u201381 360, 373, 404, 409 Harold II Godwineson, king of England \u2013 identical with, or son of, H\u01ebr\u00f0a-Kn\u00fatr 247 Goscelin of Canterbury; see also Chronicles, (1066) 179n Harold I Harefoot Cnutsson, king of England annals, and histories Gotebald, missionary bishop in (1035\u20131040) 71, 248, 450, 451, 452, 454 Harthacnut Cnutsson, king of Denmark Denmark 340\u201341, 346, 365, 394 Gottschalk, prince of Obodrites (1035\u20131042) and England (1040\u20131042) 227 (1043\u20131066) 403, 413\u201317 \u2013 birth 9, 189, 248, 291 Greenwich 12, 14, 51, 82, 107, 150 \u2013 boyhood 17, 196n, 222 Gr\u00edmkell, English bishop in Norway 275, 276, \u2013 right to reign 229, 230n, 231 \u2013 reign 156, 173n, 180, 181, 194, 212, 224, 394, 395, 474 227, 228, 232, 233, 450, 462 Guildhall Yard (London) 28, 36, 37, 45, 46, \u2013 gloss for name in Encomium Emmae 199 \u2013 coronation in Viborg (1026) 305 49\u201352, 66\u201367, 72, 74, 79, 86, 87 \u2013 coins 71 Guthrum, Alfred\u2019s adversary (s. ix) 61, \u2013 death and burial 195n, 224, 415 Harthacnut, legendary king of York baptized \u2018\u00c6thelstan\u2019 174 (s. ix) 298 He\u00f0inn, lover of Hildr 6 H\u00e1kon Eir\u00edksson, Cnut\u2019s nephew, governor of Heinrekr, bishop, see Henry, bishop of Lund Norway (1028\u20131030) 257, 265, 268, Heinrich of Alt-L\u00fcbeck, prince of Obodrites 291, 395, 403, 414, 479 (1093\u20131127) 403, 416 Helge\u00e5, see Holy River H\u00e1kon Magn\u00fasson, king of Norway Helmstan, bishop of Winchester (1093\u20131094) 481 (d. latest 853) 32 H\u00e1kon Sigur\u00f0arson, earl of Lade (Hla\u00f0ir) and Norway (ca. 975\u2013995) 280, 285, 297, 373, 404 Hallfre\u00f0r vandr\u00e6\u00f0ask\u00e1ld, see Skalds Hallvar\u00f0r h\u00e1reksblesi, see Skalds","544 Index Hemming, brother of Thorkell the Tall 2, 479 Kiev, see Kyiv Hemming of Worcester, see Chronicles, Kn\u00fatr, Norse king of York annals, and histories (ca. 900\u2013ca. 905) 174 Henry I, king of England (1100\u20131135) 178 Kn\u00fatr inn r\u00edki Sveinsson, see Cnut Henry I the Fowler, king of Saxony the Great (919\u2013936) 401, 405 Kn\u00fats saga, see Chronicles, annals, and Henry II the Quarrelsome, duke of Bavaria histories (955\u2013975, 985\u2013995) 407 Kn\u00fdtlinga saga, see Chronicles, annals, and Henry II, emperor of Germany and son of the histories above (1014\u20131024) 411, 412, 413, 414, Korm\u00e1kr \u01eagmundarson, see Skalds 424, 428 Kyiv (Ukraine) 11, 373, 400, 431, 435, 437, Henry III, emperor of Germany (1046\u20131056) 403, 415 cult of St Clement in, 433\u201338, 441, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester 449\u201350, 454, 457 (1129\u20131171) 387n, 389 Henry, exploding bishop of Lund (?ca. 1045\u2013? Lantfred, see Chronicles, annals, and ca. 1060) 365, 368\u201371 histories Henry of Huntingdon, see Chronicles, annals, and histories Law codes 10, 97, 119, 120, 196, 380, Heregeld, see Geld 395, 476 Herman\u2019s De miraculis s. Eadmundi, see Goscelin of Canterbury \u2013 English Hildr H\u01ebgnad\u00f3ttir, reviving princess 6 \u2013 \u201cGod\u2019s\u201d 119, 202 Hinguar, see \u00cdvarr \u2013 \u201cEdgar\u2019s\u201d 178, 218, 290 Historia de sancto Cuthberto, see \u2013 IV \u00c6thelred 51 Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 V and VI \u00c6thelred 57n Hoards, see Coins \u2013 VII \u00c6thelred 278 Holy River, battle of (1026) 7, 288, 291, 294, \u2013 I and II Cnut 57n, 178, 188, 217\u201318, 296, 345, 349, 467, 477n 232\u201333, 234, 244n, 272, 274, 357, 377 H\u01ebr\u00f0a-Kn\u00fatr (Harthacnut), see Gorm the Old \u2013 Grateley 175n Huggin Hill (London) 14, 25, 35 \u2013 Danish Iceland 205, 250, 371, 393, 472 \u2013 Eriks Sj\u00e6llandske Lov (King Erik\u2019s laws of Inscriptions, see Epigraphy Zealand) 326 \u00cdvarr Ragnarsson, Viking in England and \u2013 Norwegian Ireland (s. ix) 248\u201349, 251, 296\u201398 \u2013 Gulathing and Frostathing 387, 463, \u2013 identifiable with Hinguar 297 481\u201383 lawspeakers of Iceland \u00cdvarr the White, Norwegian chieftain 256 285, 371 Jaroslav the Wise, king of Russia Lawrence, George Fabian (1019\u20131054) 425 (1861\u20131939) 85\u201388, 92 John of Worcester, see Chronicles, annals, Liber Vitae (New Minster) 11, 210, 211, 219, and histories 221, 356, 410, 422n, 429 J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga (and\/or Appendix), Liber Vitae, see BL, Stowe MS. 944 see Chronicles, annals, and histories Li\u00f0smannaflokkr 6, 151\u201353, 154, 159, 173, Jordanes, see Chronicles, annals, and 174, 421, 423, 468 histories London 21; see also Aldermanbury, Aldwych, Bull Wharf, Cheapside hoard, Cripplegate fort, Guildhall Yard, Huggin Hill, Lawrence, Number 1 Poultry, Southwark, St. Paul\u2019s, Wheeler, Wren","Index 545 \u2013 archaeology 23\u201325 \u2013 of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 113, 115, 134, \u2013 as Londinium 25\u201327 145, 186, 193, 224n, 291 \u2013 in post-Roman times 27\u201329 \u2013 and Lundenwic 22, 25, 29\u201331, 32, 34 \u2013 of Eadui Basan 221 \u2013 as Lundenburg 32\u201355 \u2013 of the Encomium Emmae Reginae 195 \u2013 parish churches 54\u201355 \u2013 of Gulathing and Frostathing law \u2013 and King Alfred 21, 38\u201343, 47, 52, 61\u201362 \u2013 \u201cAgas\u201d map 40 codes 481, 482 \u2013 under King \u00c6thelred 35, 38, 40, 41, 46, \u2013 of (lost) Kringla manuscript 263, 478 \u2013 of Alfredian Orosius 134 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58\u201360, 63\u201364, 66, \u2013 of Otto Thott (1703\u20131785) 383 146, 451 \u2013 of Vita s. Swithuni 381\u201382 \u2013 defenses against Vikings 56\u201360 \u2013 By shelf mark \u2013 and Old London Bridge 75\u201396 \u2013 and London Bridge 5, 15, 54, 57\u201360, 63, \u2013 BL, MS. Add. 32246 246n 72, 150\u201351 \u2013 BL, Cotton MS. Domitian A.VIII 194 \u2013 and river weapon-deposits 75\u201396 \u2013 BL, Cotton MS. Tiberius B.II 200n \u2013 sieges 147\u201353, 161\u201362 \u2013 BL, Cotton MS. Vespasian D.IX 221n Lyfing, archbishop of Canterbury \u2013 BL, Cotton MS. Vitellius A.XV 173n, (1013\u20131020) 178, 185, 222, 357, 376, 426 246\u201347, 271, 277\u201379, 282, 283n \u2013 BL, Harley MS. 2961 475 Magn\u00fas Barefoot \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, king of Norway \u2013 BL, Lansdowne 436 379, 381\u201382, 384 (1093\u20131103) 391 \u2013 BL, Royal MS. 12 F.XIII 239n, 240 \u2013 BL, Stowe MS. 944 (Liber Vitae) XI, 210, Magnus IV Eriksson, king of Sweden and Norway (1319\u20131364) 387 211, 243\u201344n \u2013 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS. Magn\u00fas the Good \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, king of Norway (1035\u2013) and Denmark (1042\u20131047) 26 112 262, 395 \u2013 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS. \u2013 naming 256, 262 44 179n \u2013 cult of St. \u00d3l\u00e1fr 374 \u2013 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS. \u2013 as patron of Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 256 \u2013 as patron of \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfr Arn\u00f3rsson 479 173 291 \u2013 pact with King Harthacnut 462 \u2013 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS. \u2013 as murderer of Earl Haraldr 422 475 (?Thorkelsson) 480 \u2013 Copenhagen, Det Kongelige Bibliothek, \u2013 as conspirator with Emma 231 \u2013 war with King Sveinn II over Den gamle kongelige Samling, MS. 849 fol. 384 Denmark 415\u201316, 428 \u2013 Copenhagen, Den nye kongelige \u2013 control over Orkney 369 Samling, MS. 1824 b 4to 240 \u2013 law code 481 \u2013 Copenhagen, NKS 133 4to Lit, Thott. 143 \u2013 death and burial 288, 437 2o 394n Magn\u00fas the Martyr, St. (d. 1115) 54, \u2013 Copenhagen, AM, MS. 733 4to Kal 394n \u2013 Copenhagen, AM MS. 325 v \u03b1 4to 475 369n, 370n \u2013 Reykjav\u00edk, AM 761a 4to 478n Maldon, battle of (991) 2, 102, 118, 137, 138 \u2013 Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek, MS. R. \u2013 See also The Battle of Maldon 685 478n Manuscripts \u2013 Uppsala, MS. De la Gardie 11 478n \u2013 of London Museum 85 Mark\u00fas Skeggjason, see Skalds Mieszko I, duke of Poland (ca. 960\u2013992) 11, 360, 403, 408, 410, 411, 419\u201322, 425, 430","546 Index \u2013 daughter (possibly named \u2013 campaign in England 286\u201387, 373, 396 \u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awa) 410, 411, 419\u201324 \u2013 conversion in Rouen 260 \u2013 arrival in Norway 260, 275, 286, 394, 396 Mieszko II Lambert, king of Poland \u2013 reign 287, 395, 462 (1025\u20131031) 11, 403, 414, 425 \u2013 law code 481 \u2013 Holy River campaign 281, 294, 345 Mints 65\u201374, 446 \u2013 exile from Norway 7, 373, 435, 436 \u2013 London 60, 63, 65, 66 (and Southwark), \u2013 as patron of Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 255, 68, 72, 74 256\u201366, 276, 478 \u2013 Norwich 72n \u2013 death at Stiklestad and sanctity 275, 373, \u2013 Lincoln 72n, 176n \u2013 Lund 323 374\u201375, 378, 395, 474, 475 \u2013 Viborg 323, 324, 335 (1945) \u2013 burial 437\u201338 Morkinskinna, see Chronicles, annals, and \u2013 widow 256 \u2013 and St. Clement 436\u201341, 444, 446, 454 histories \u2013 churches in England 451 Mstislav, prince of Obodrites \u2013 sagas about 57, 92, 459, 469, 474 \u00d3l\u00e1fr Tryggvason, king of Norway (990\u20131018) 403, 407n, 412 Mstivoi, prince of Obodrites and father of the (995\u20131000) 57, 97\u201398, 434 \u2013 in Kyiv 435\u201336 above (ca. 967\u2013ca.990) 401\u201305, \u2013 with Sveinn Forkbeard in England 407\u201308, 412, 413n 136, 146 Nesjar, battle (1015) of 256, 286, 353, 396 \u2013 confirmation by \u00c6thelred II 274 Niels I Svendsen, king of Denmark \u2013 death 362, 371, 373, 424n \u2013 sagas about 436, 473 (1104\u20131134) 416 \u00d3l\u00e1fs saga helga, see Snorri Sturluson\u2019s Normandy, see England; see also Emma of Heimskringla Normandy Olney, treaty of (1016) 5, 71, 112, 162\u201363, Number 1 Poultry (London) 27, 35, 39, 40, 177, 187, 224 45, 46\u201349 Orderic Vitalis, see Chronicles, annals, and Odinkar, retainer of Haraldr Bluetooth in histories Skjern (Jutland) 325 Orkney 1n, 287, 356, 368\u201371 Orosius, see Chronicles, annals, and Odinkar the Elder, Danish missionary bishop 363 histories Osbern of Canterbury, see Chronicles, Odinkar the Younger, English-trained Danish bishop of Ribe (ca. 1000\u20131043) annals, and histories 347, 366 Oslo 170n, 383, 394n, 455 \u2013 cult of St Clement in Gamlebyen in 436\u201341 Offa, king of Mercia (757\u2013796) 36 \u00d3ttarr svarti, see Skalds \u00d3l\u00e1fr Eir\u00edksson, king of Sweden Otto II, emperor of Germany (973\u2013983) 360, (994\/995) 421, 422, 423 404, 406 \u00d3l\u00e1fr Magn\u00fasson, king of Norway Otto III, emperor of Germany (1103\u20131115) 481 (996\u20131002) 363, 411, 425 \u00d3l\u00e1fr Sigtryggsson, king of York (941\u201344, Oxford (Oxon.) 3, 12, 62, 78, 95, 146 \u2013 assembly (1018) 177, 178, 180, 186\u201388, 949\u201352) 174 \u00d3l\u00e1fr the Quiet Haraldsson, king of Norway 218 \u2013 cult of St Clement in 452 (1067\u20131093) 391 \u00d3l\u00e1fr the Stout Haraldsson, St., king of Norway (1015\u201328) 4, 288, 434, 439 \u2013 and London Bridge 58\u201360, 92","Index 547 Pribignev Uto, prince of Obodrites 414, 417 Santslave (\u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awa) Sveinsd\u00f3ttir, sister \u2013 identifiable with Wyrtgeorn 413 of Cnut 403, 410, 414, 421 Purbeck marble tomb slabs 224\u201325 Saxo Grammaticus, see Chronicles, annals, Ragnarr Hairy-Breeks, legendary and histories Viking 247\u201351, 297, 298 Scealdwa, West Saxon forebear 281, Ralph of Diceto, dean of St. Paul\u2019s 290\u201391, 293, 300 see also Scyld (ca. 1120\u2013ca. 1202) 178, 450n Scefing, Skj\u01ebldr Ramsey Chronicle, see Chronicles, annals, Sculpture, Scandinavian and histories \u2013 in Winchester 209\u201310, 229 \u2013 \u201cSigmundr stone\u201d 10, 226, 236\u201340, Reginbert, English-trained bishop of Fyn (appointed 1020) 346\u201347 242\u201344, 252\u201353 \u2013 St. Paul\u2019s churchyard slab 55, 92 Richard I, duke of Normandy (942\u2013996) \u2013 Stavanger Cathedral memorial cross 396 259, 260 Sct. Peder St\u00e6de settlement Richard II, duke of Normandy (996\u20131026) 7, (Viborg) 309\u201310 153, 259, 260, 427 Scyld Scefing, Danish forebear 247n, 248, Richard III, duke of Normandy 281, 284, 293, 294\u201396, 299, 300 see (1026\u20131027) 260 also Beowulf Sigeric, archbishop of Canterbury Richard, son of William I and duke of (990\u2013994) 102 Normandy (d. ca. 1070) 224, 225\u201326, Sigmundr vi, xvii 10, 225, 235\u201353 227 Sigurd, English or Danish bishop in Norway (1015) 394, 395, 397 Richeza of Lotharingia, wife of Mieszko Sigur\u00f0r H\u00e1konarson, earl of Lade II 425 (Hla\u00f0ir) 245 Sigur\u00f0r the Crusader Magn\u00fasson, king of Rimbert, see Chronicles, annals, and Norway (1103\u20131130) 388, 389, 481 histories Sigur\u00f0r Sigmundarson, hero 240\u201342, 245\u201347, 249n, 250n, 252, 284 Ringerike style 55, 58, 75, 85, 89, 92, 242 Sigur\u00f0r Snake-Eye Ragnarsson, Viking see also St. Paul\u2019s 247, 249 Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson, see Skalds Robert I the Magnificent, duke or count of Sk\u00e1ldatal (enumeration of poets) 256, 478 Normandy (1027\u20131035) 7, 189, see also Skalds 227, 260 Skalds (eulogists) 4, 10, 12, 57, 60, 174, 192, 210, 249, 251, 255, 280, 300, 355, 459, Robert of Gloucester, see Chronicles, 462, 465\u201366, 467, 468, 471\u201372, 473, annals, and histories 475, 484 see also Li\u00f0smannaflokkr, Sk\u00e1ldatal Robert, archbishop of Rouen (989\u20131037) 259 \u2013 By name and work Roger of Wendover, see Chronicles, annals, \u2013 Arn\u00f3rr jarlask\u00e1ld: Magn\u00fasdr\u00e1pa 288 \u2013 Egill Skallagr\u00edmsson: and histories A\u00f0alsteinsdr\u00e1pa 297 Roskilde 300, 324, 347, 348, 349, 351, 364, \u2013 Eil\u00edfr Go\u00f0r\u00fanarson: \u00de\u00f3rsdr\u00e1pa 280n, 297 \u2013 Einarr sk\u00e1laglamm Helgason: 394, 463\u201364 Vellekla 280n, 404 \u2013 burial of Sveinn Forkbeard in 300, 342 \u2013 Einarr Sk\u00falason: Geisli 285 \u2013 diocese of 366\u201367, 394 \u2013 cult of St Clement in 350, 443\u201346, 453\u201355 \u2013 See also Chronicon Roskildense Rudolf, missionary bishop, abbot of Abingdon (d. 1052) 275, 394\u201395 Runestones, see Epigraphy S\u00e6berht, king of Essex (604\u2013616) 29 S\u00e6mundr Sigf\u00fasson 250\u201351, 285","548 Index \u2013 Hallfre\u00f0r vandr\u00e6\u00f0ask\u00e1ld \u00d3ttarsson: Skj\u01ebldr, Danish forebear 248, 261, 285, H\u00e1konardr\u00e1pa 280n 290\u201393, 294\u201396, 299 see also Scealdwa, Scyld Scefing, Skj\u01ebldunga saga \u2013 Hallvar\u00f0r h\u00e1reksblesi: Kn\u00fatsdr\u00e1pa 249, 280, 289\u201390, 297, 423 Skj\u01ebldunga saga, see Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 Korm\u00e1kr \u01eagmundarson: Sigur\u00f0ardr\u00e1pa 245 Snorri Sturluson\u2019s Heimskringla, see Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 Mark\u00fas Skeggjason: Eir\u00edksdr\u00e1pa 285, 409 S\u00f8nders\u00f8 finds XII, XVI, 10, 305, 306, 308, 309, 311, 314\u201322, 323, 328\u201329, 331, \u2013 \u00d3ttarr svarti, 1, 4n: H\u01ebfu\u00f0lausn 286\u201387; 332, 333, 347 Kn\u00fatsdr\u00e1pa 288\u201389, 290, 298, 423; Lausav\u00edsur (i.e., single verses) 284n South English Legendary, see Chronicles, annals, and histories \u2013 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfr Arn\u00f3rsson 479 \u2013 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfr of Hvinir: Ynglingatal 287n Southwark (London) 13, 16, 58\u201359 \u2013 \u00de\u00f3rarinn loftunga: Gl\u00e6lognskvi\u00f0a 475, \u2013 mint 66\u201367, 74 \u2013 moneyer\u2019s dies from 321 478; T\u00f8gdr\u00e1pa 291\u201393 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s ditch in 5, 150\u201351 \u2013 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r Kolbeinsson, Eir\u00edksdr\u00e1pa 4n, \u2013 Cnut\u2019s garrison at 6, 15 \u2013 church to St. \u00d3l\u00e1fr in 54 152\u201353, 285\u201386 \u2013 weaponry finds in 82 \u2013 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r Sigvaldask\u00e1ld 256, 477\u201378, 479 Spearhead A23353 XI, 91 \u2013 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r S\u00e6reksson, Erfidr\u00e1pa \u00d3l\u00e1fs Stenton, Sir Frank M. 113, 129\u201331, 160, 170, helga 294 357, 467\u201368, 480n \u2013 Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 255\u201376, 478; Stephen of Blois, king of England Austrfararv\u00edsur 256, 261\u201362; (1135\u20131154) 178 Bers\u01ebglisv\u00edsur 262; Erfidr\u00e1pa Stiklestad (Stiklasta\u00f0ir), battle (1030) of 7, \u00d3l\u00e1fs helga 261, 262, 276; Flokkr af Erlingi Skj\u00e1lgssyni 266\u201367, 396\u201397; 275, 353, 364, 395, 438, 444, 445, 451 Kn\u00fatsdr\u00e1pa 248\u201349, 256, 262, 274, St. Paul\u2019s (church, minster or cathedral, 291, 294\u201395, 296\u201397, 423; Lausav\u00edsur (i.e., single verses) 267\u201368; London) 24, 28\u201329, 31, 32, 33\u201335, Nesjav\u00edsur 260\u201361, 264, 267; 37\u201339, 41, 42, 44, 51, 53, 54, 107, 164, Vestrfararv\u00edsur 256, 257\u201360, 261, 178, 179, 223 263\u201365, 273, 298; V\u00edkingav\u00edsur 261 \u2013 theft of St. \u00c6lfheah from 13\u201317 Sigtryggr C\u00e1ech, Irish-Norse king of York \u2013 Ringerike-style tombstone 55, 58, 92 (ca. 920\u2013927) 174 Supplement to J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga, see Sk\u00e5ne (then Denmark) 2, 10, 170n, 385, J\u00f3msv\u00edkinga saga (and\/or Appendix) 409n, 460 Sveinn Alf\u00edfuson, son of Cnut and \u2013 as homeland of Thorkell 286, 349, 470, \u00c6lfgifu 386, 395, 438, 444 476\u201379 Sveinn Forkbeard Haraldsson, king \u2013 and Beowulf 10, 283, 293\u201394 of Denmark and England \u2013 as site of Holy River campaign 7, 288, 291, (ca. 986\u20131014) 193, 201\u201302 294, 296, 299, 300, 467 \u2013 mother 402\u201305 \u2013 as missionary ground 341\u201342, 346 \u2013 daughter 429 \u2013 as church province 365, 366, \u2013 marriage(s) 409\u201311, 419\u201324, 462 441, 446 \u2013 his war with his father 408, 416 \u2013 finds in 345 \u2013 first campaign in England 102, 136, 146 Skj\u00e6rv\u00f8y altar panel 455 \u2013 visit to Normandy 259","Index 549 \u2013 ecclesiastical and urban policy 340\u201341, \u2013 cult of St \u00d3l\u00e1fr in 374 352, 362\u201365, 373, 394 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfr Arn\u00f3rsson, see Skalds \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfr of Hvinir, see Skalds \u2013 as overlord of Norway 386 \u00de\u00f3rarinn loftunga, see Skalds \u2013 invasion (1003) of England 101\u201302, 193 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r Kolbeinsson, see Skalds \u2013 invasion (1012) of England 2\u20133, 57, \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r S\u00e6reksson, see Skalds \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0r Sigvaldask\u00e1ld, see Skalds 107\u201308, 146\u201347, 153, 171, 178, 287 \u00deorkell of Apavatn, foster-father of Sigvatr \u2013 death and burial 3, 107, 109, 341, 361, 396 Sveinn H\u00e1konarson, earl (d. ca. 1016) 286 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 256 Sveinn II \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson, son of Earl \u00dalfr and \u00deorkell inn h\u00e1vi, see Thorkell the Tall \u00de\u00f3rr, Norse god 280n, 297 king of Denmark (1047\u20131076) 285, 288, 339n, 362\u201363, 369, 405, 407, 409, Uhtred, earl of Northumbria (d. 1016) 2, 3\u20134, 415\u201316, 417, 428 127, 176\u201377, 193 Sveinn \u00dalfsson, see Sveinn II \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson Sven Aggesen, see Chronicles, annals, and Ulfcytel, ealdorman of East Anglia 117, 123, histories 125, 126, 128 Svend Estridsen, see Sveinn II \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson Swegen Cnutsson, see Sveinn Alf\u00edfuson \u2013 as defender of London 151\u201353, 156, 164 Swein Forkbeard, see Sveinn Forkbeard \u2013 widow marries Earl Thorkell 349 Haraldsson \u00dalfr \u00deorgilsson, earl of Sk\u00e5ne, regent of Sweyn Estrithson, see Sveinn II \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson \u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awa, putative name of Cnut\u2019s Denmark (d. 1026) 227, 232, 375, 480n mother 419\u201324 \u2013 execution by Cnut 349, 460n, 463, 464 \u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awa (Sveinsd\u00f3ttir), see Santslave \u00dalfr, mercenary from Ytterg\u00e4rde (s. xi) 344 Swithun, St. 7, 11, 213, 216n, 379\u201397, 393 Viborg (Jutland) 7, 323\u201334, 335, 345, The Battle of Maldon 121, 271, 290 347\u201348, 351 see also S\u00f8nders\u00f8 finds Theodericus monachus, see Chronicles, \u2013 excavations at 305\u201306 annals, and histories \u2013 topography 306\u201308 Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury \u2013 Store Sct. Peder Str\u00e6de (668\u2013690) 29 settlement 309\u201310 Thietmar of Merseburg, see Chronicles, \u2013 Viborg S\u00f8nders\u00f8 settlement 311\u201313 \u2013 crafts and smithying at 313\u201316 annals, and histories \u2013 luxury imports at 316\u201317 Thorkell the Tall 2\u20135, 102 \u2013 material links with England 320\u201323 \u2013 family 476\u201381 \u2013 local political landscape 324\u201329 \u2013 campaign (1009\u20131012) in England \u2013 physical structure (ca. 1018) 329\u201332 \u2013 as aristocratic center in Jutland 104\u201306, 344 \u2013 murder of \u00c6lfheah 12 (ca. 1018) 10\u201311, 317\u201320 \u2013 service to \u00c6thelred 107, 120, 286\u201387 \u2013 as site of Cnut\u2019s accession in Denmark \u2013 alliance with Cnut 155, 173, 174, 198, (1019) 7, 300, 333 423\u201324 Vita \u00c6dwardi Regis, see Chronicles, annals, \u2013 East Anglian earldom 169, 349 \u2013 exile from England 426 and histories \u2013 rebellion 345 Vita s. Swithuni episcopi et confessoris, Tr\u00f8ndelag 4, 7, 280, 395, 396 Trondheim (Ni\u00f0ar\u00f3s) 153, 256, 396, 472\u201373 see Chronicles, annals, and histories Vladimir, prince of Kyiv (980\u20131015) 434, see also Tr\u00f8ndelag \u2013 cult of St Clement in 436\u201341, 444, 446 435\u201346, 437\u201338 V\u01eblsunga saga (ca. 1275) 10, 225\u201326, 238, 240, 244","550 Index Wallingford 3, 141 Wipo, see Chronicles, annals, and histories Walter Map, see Chronicles, annals, and Wren, Sir Christopher (1632\u20131723) 23, 37 Wrytsleof (for Vartislav?), possible Obodrite histories Watling Street 3, 175, 176, 278 hostage in England 429\u201330 Weapon deposits, see London Wulfstan, archbishop of York Wheeler, Sir (Robert Eric) Mortimer (1002\u20131023) 371 (1890\u20131976) 41, 58n, 75, 77, 85\u201392 \u2013 penitential tradition 375\u201376 Widukind, historian, see Chronicles, annals, \u2013 efforts against the Danes 107, 169, and histories 270, 339 William I, king of Normandy and England \u2013 Sermo Lupi ad Anglos (1013\u20131016) 3, 107, (1066\u20131087) 8, 68, 171n, 216, 224, 118\u201321, 135\u201336, 270 225\u201326, 227 \u2013 law codes for Cnut 173, 178\u201379, 217\u201318, William II Rufus, king of England (1087\u20131100) 226 273, 274, 275, 278, 290, 300 William of Jumi\u00e8ges, see Chronicles, annals, (1019\u20131020 Letter), 357, 380 and histories \u2013 influence on Cnut 357 William of Malmesbury, see Chronicles, \u2013 literary style reflected in Drayton annals, and histories Charter 183 Winchester 3, 9, 17, 32, 72n, 73, 97, 115, 124, \u2013 literary style reflected in Sigvatr 125, 145, 146, 159, 179, 189, 234, 235, \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson 270, 272\u201373, 276 290, 396 Wulfstan, Cantor, see Chronicles, annals, \u2013 Cnut\u2019s links with 209\u201310, 216\u201334, 257, and histories 273, 274, 277, 298, 300, 380 Wyrtgeorn, Wendish king in England 413, \u2013 Emma\u2019s links with 227\u201332, 233 429; see Pribignev Uto \u2013 Drayton Charter 180, 181\u201386 \u2013 Anglo-Caroline hands 279 York, archdiocese 3, 278, 337 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s assembly (1020\/21) at 10, 177, 218, \u2013 archbishops 107, 124, 125, 218, 357, 380 227, 232\u201333, 291 \u2013 as an old urban emporium 31, 62, 348 \u2013 Cnut\u2019s burial in 223\u201327 \u2013 site of a mint 66, 70n, 72 \u2013 town 42, 43, 56, 62 \u2013 lost by King \u00c6lle to \u00cdvarr (866) 298\u201399 \u2013 Old Minster 7, 209, 212, 213\u201315, 216, 217, \u2013 Norse kings of 174, 175n 220, 222, 235, 236, 243, 244 \u2013 merchants of avenged by Edgar (969) 181 \u2013 New Minster 212, 213, 220, 222, 235, 342, \u2013 axis with Canterbury 11, 366, 369n 364, 376 \u2013 as King Sveinn\u2019s preferred site for \u2013 Winchester Annals 221 \u2013 Leofwine\u2019s Lund-discovered pen-case lid coronation (1014) 4, 176, 180 with style from 347 \u2013 in Sigvatr\u2019s Kn\u00fatsdr\u00e1pa (\u201cJ\u00f3rv\u00edk\u201d) 248\u201349, \u2013 Cathedral mortuary chest 210 \u2013 St. Swithun and 382\u201383, 388\u201389, 273\u201374, 296\u201397 392, 393 \u2013 and Bishop Henry of Lund 370\u201371 \u2013 See also \u201cSigmundr Stone\u201d (Old Minster), \u2013 church to St. \u00d3l\u00e1fr in 374\u201375 Liber Vitae (New Minster) \u01eanundr Jakob \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, king of Sweden (ca. 1022\u20131050) 256, 291, 294","",""]