TOY 171

StOoyLDIERThe World’s No. 1 Magazine for Collectors of All Stripeswww.toy-soldier.com MODEL FIGUREBRaormbearvsi.atnhse WINFTRHATOIRCMMOWEMUSSGAEHRTCSH$8.50/£4.95 in this issue • How to Spot a Roman Legion 08 • E lastolin Toy Soldiers • Lawrence of Arabia • 2012 bmss Show & Competitions 9 771359 742033 • C roquet Anyone? • 3 00 Spartans • P lastic Pilgrimage • Sci-Fi FiguresAUTOGYUSOSLDTIE2R0:A1U2GU-STissue 171 • Dragon Boats • C uster at Gettysburg NEW CONTEST:

The Gunfighters - 3 Earp Panzer IV Ausf. D Rudel’s Tank Buster Mediterranean BF 110Brothers & the Doc - TSSD21 ETG-069 ETG-087 RMG-011 1/32 Scale $20.00 1/30 Scale $219.00 1/30 Scale $289.00 1/30 Scale $299.00 T34-85 - EFR-009 Capture of the French Army of Frederick The British Dragoons Cobham’s1/30 Scale $219.00 105th Ligne Eagle - British Great - Prussian Grenadier 10th Dragoons - Single 1st Royal Dragoon Corporal Figure - BJCAV-02 and French Eagle Bearer - Advancing #1 - Single 1/30 Scale $86.00 Figure - LEUT-01 36084 54mm Scale $110.00 1/30 Scale $39.00



inside this edition 34FIGURE OF THE MONTH.................................5 toy soldier showcaseREADERS: FIRE BACK! ......................................6OPENING VOLLEY.............................................8 NEW METAL SHOWCASE...........40HOW TO SPOT A ROMAN LEGION............... 14ELASTOLIN TOY SOLDIERS........................... 20 Editor Stuart A. Hessney inspects figuresBMSS SHOW & COMPETITIONS................... 28 inspired by the “Lawrence of Arabia” film,CROQUET ANYONE? ...................................... 34 Chinese dragon boats, Michigan WolverinesCENTERFOLD............................................. 38-39 led by “Boy General” George ArmstrongPLASTIC PILGRIMAGE................................... 51 Custer and Germanic barbarians bent onKIT KORNER..................................................... 54 battling the Roman Empire.SCI-FI FIGURES................................................ 58300 SPARTANS................................................... 64 PLASTIC PARADE........................48BOOK REVIEWS............................................... 68PRIZE EXERCISE.............................................. 70 Len Cooksey covers toy troops produced by W. Britain to mark the 150th anniversaryWin sets of American Civil War soldiers of the American Civil War. Meanwhile, in acourtesy of March Through Times. more modern vein, Gordon Nelson reviews Len’s own combatants based on the 20th-CALENDAR........................................................ 74 century Soviet war in Afghanistan. 14 1/6TH ARMY..................................52 Scott J. Dummitt stages a photo shoot with a combat cameraman from the German Afrika Korps of World War II. 42bringing you this issueStuart A. Hessney Alison Smith Kelly Rud 14Sara Vix 28 EDITOR DESIGN DIRECTOR Sales & Marketing4 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

from the editorPUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: Welcome to TS&MF, the world’s No. 1Ashdown Ltd. magazine for collectors of all stripes!Unit 5EPark Farm You’re not imagining things if you think this copy of TS&MF seemsChichester Road a little thicker and heavier than usual. In fact, this edition featuresArundel, West Sussex eight additional pages of editorial content to bring readers moreEngland, U.K. BN18 9EY wide-ranging feature stories, news and reviews than ever. Tel: 01903 884988Fax: 01903 885514 Thor Johnson of The AeroArt St. Petersburg Collection kicksUS OFFICE: things off with “How to Spot a Roman Legion.” He details howAshdown Inc. ancient Roman legions could be identified from the distinctive68132 250th Ave. markings on the shields carried by the soldiers. The article is illustrated by a number of hisKasson, MN 55944 exquisite, connoisseur-quality figures crafted by Russian artisans.Toll-Free: 1-866-606-6587Fax: (507) 634-7691 The Toy Soldier Museum’s James H. Hillestad is back and takes a whack at examining the “Queen of Games” in history and miniature in “Croquet Anyone?” His article includes a sidewww.toy-soldier.com trip to British India with a look at a diorama depicting an officers’ club complete with players enjoying the lawn game.EDITOR:Stuart A. Hessney In “Elastolin Toy Soldiers,” Keith Nairn-Munro examines the German company’[email protected] collectible figures and history. His account includes an intriguing look at the manufacturer’sSALES & MARKETING: symbiotic relationship with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler during the 1930s.Sara [email protected] British Model Soldier Society President Michael Creese delivers a report on the group’sDESIGN: 2012 show staged April 28 in London. His article is illustrated by photos of just a few of theAlison Smith impressive competition entries submitted by talented hobbyists. Their clearly evident passionCONTRIBUTORS: and dedication is truly inspirational.Len Cooksey, Michael Creese,Dean M. Dizikes, Scott J. Dummitt, Meanwhile Len Cooksey’s “Plastic Pilgrimage” covers the 2012 Plastic Warrior Show heldBill Ebensperger, James H. Hillestad, May 5. He was just one of the many toy figure fans and makers who flocked to London for theThor Johnson, Keith Nairn-Munro, yearly event.Gordon Nelson, Grant Peterson,Sally J. Needle and Paul Wood Collecting colorful and fantastic “Sci-Fi Figures” is the theme of an article penned by Paul Wood. In addition, Dean M. Dizikes details how he re-created ancient Greek heroes of theSUBSCRIPTION MANAGERS: Battle of Thermopylae in “300 Spartans.”U.S.: Kelly Rud/ [email protected] Right around the time of this writing, I learned the sad news that Richard O’Brien, whoU.K.: [email protected] produced the “Collecting Toy Soldiers” identification and value guides, has passed away.ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES: His obituary appears elsewhere in this month’s “Opening Volley,” so here I’d simply like toU.K.: £69 sincerely salute the immeasurable contributions to the advancement of our hobby that haveU.S.: $110 been made thanks to the author’s tireless research and invaluable books inspired by his love ofCanada: $121 toy soldiers.Europe: $114Rest of World: $119 As usual, there’s lots more in store in this issue, so start turning the pages, enjoy and, as(U.S. funds only) always, happy collecting! august 2012  Postmaster: Send address correctionsto Toy Soldier & Model Figure, Stuart A. Hessney, editorAshdown Inc., 68132 250th Ave.Kasson, MN 55944 2nd Class Postage figure of the monthPaid. Canada Post InternationalPublications Mail - Sales Agreement Dramatically robed in basic black, “Sherif Ali ibn elNo. 546038. All rights reserved. Karish” casts a long shadow over trackless desert sandsReproduction in whole or part and the memories of everyone who has ever seen the epicwithout the written permission of the 1962 film “Lawrence of Arabia.” King & Country Ltd.publisher is prohibited. All editorial modeled this detailed figure after the character portrayedcontributions in the form of articles, by Omar Sharif. This pick stems from my personal interestletters and photographs (b/w or in collecting camel-riding figures. However, outstandingcolour print or transparencies) are new Germanic barbarians by First Legion Ltd. more thanwelcomed by Toy Soldier but cannot deserve honorable mention this time around.be returned unless accompanied bya stamped addressed envelope. Allmaterial submitted to the magazine isaccepted on the basis that copyrightin the work will be vested in thePublisher who assumes all rightsworld-wide, in all forms and media.In any event the publisher canaccept no responsibility for lossor damage to contributions.© TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 5

FIRE BACK! n Win a prize by sending in aYOUR LETTERS letter on anything concerning the Sound off about the hobby or magazine toy soldier and model figure hobby. Each month a special surprise gift will be awarded to the Star Letter writer!MAG HELPS READER KEEP CONNECTED PRUSSIANS SOLVE HOBBY DILEMMADear Editor: turned my attention to  I have been an avid reader of yourmagazine for a number of years and King & Country Ltd. LESTTTAERR Dear Editor:without doubt it gets better with every products and modern My main two areas of interest in theedition. It would be an understatement Britains, which toy soldier and model figure hobby areto say that I wait with bated breath for the American Revolutionary War and thethe next copy having read each and every fortunately I have Napoleonic Wars. All was fine as I canone from cover to cover many times! make most of the subjects from Historex managed to just hold onto. spare parts, a little surgery and alterations I write in this manner as TS&MF with Milliput. As a result, I have been ableis the one outlet that really keeps I am an historian and teacher to reproduce many uniforms forme in touch with the hobby and has my collection.helped me through a difficult period and find the collecting of militarywhere I have had to sell off most of my That was until I came to makecollection due to financial constraints. figures and vehicles an excellent source models of the various contingents ofThe next best thing is seeing so many German mercenaries hired by the Britishdifferent models jump off the page for developing further knowledge of to fight in the ARW. I had difficultyand give me the incentive to find the finding mitre caps for the grenadiers andmeans to build another collection. the subject. In fact, many of the articles fusiliers. Then along came HäT Industrie’s 1:32-scale Prussian infantry of the Seven I first started in the late 1960s as a in TS&MF could grace the pages of Years’ War, which were shown unpaintedyoung boy captivated by the Britains in a Plastic Parade review by Len CookseySwoppet War of the Roses figures. I historical journals. in TS&MF issue 168. Voila! These wereremember pressing my face up against just the Germans that I needed.the model shop window and staring in An area that I have developed,amazement at the display of knights I have enclosed a photo as you mightand jousting tents that were visible. along with my young son, is the want to show them painted. They’reThe hundreds that were on display not brilliant, but I only paint figures forwere complemented by the Herald collecting and painting of 1:72-scale my own satisfaction, and get enormousRobin Hood figures. From then on, I pleasure from it.was hooked. figures. This smaller scale enables one And, unlike issue 168 letter writer Through the years I collected every to create quite substantive dioramas Bohdan Iszczuk of Chicago, I neverBritains Swoppet and Eyes Right find your magazine “boring.” Keep itfigure available as well as the wonderful and re-enactments. It also helps to as it is.English Civil War collection that hasnever been surpassed (in my humble develop very precise modeling skills, Keith Fraseropinion) by any other manufacturer. As Bletchleytime went on, I also collected Starlux, which are extremely valuable, especiallyElastolin and Timpo. More recently I Milton Keynes when encouraging youngsters to have a England, U.K. healthy interest in history and the past. I would recommend that enthusiasts visit the Imperial War Museum at Duxford and check out its quite incredible 1:72-scale diorama depicting the D-Day landings of World War II. Keep up the good work. You won’t please all the people all the time, but rest assured the majority think you are great! Charles Gooding Sutterton, Lincolnshire England, U.K.   The Editor Responds: Thanks for your very kind words!   REFER FRIENDS TO FACEBOOK & WIN PRIZES! Examples of Keith Fraser’s ARW German mercenaries. Are you feeling competitive? Do you like to win prizes? Then let’s see how many new fans we can bring to TS&MF’s Facebook page! To join in on the fun, refer friends and family to “like” the Toy Soldier & Model Figure magazine page. Your friend must comment on the pertinent post that “(your full name) referred me.” Every month the person with the most referrals will win a prize! The rules are simple. To keep track of your referrals, your friends MUST post in the comments section below the post about this particular contest. Please do not post on the Facebook wall to avoid cluttering the page. The friend you refer MUST be a new fan (joined after the start of the contest), not an existing fan. Good luck everyone!6 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

The Nile TS&MF IS ONgunboat built FACEBOOK, TWITTERby collectorWallace Franz.  Have you got something to say to the hobby world and you want to say it now?!? Then use your computer mouse to click your way to Toy Soldier & Model Figure Editor Stuart A. Hessney’s Facebook page and become a “friend” of the magazine. Enthusiasts can debate views, share hobby tips, spread news, post photos, help each other identify figures, and more. It’s your forum for fun! Also readers can now follow TS&MF on Twitter as we strive to keep collectors around the globe informed and connected. CONTACT USGatling guns are among the vessel’s armament Details of Wallace Franz’s gunboat include sandbags We welcome readers’ Fire Back! feedback via e-mail crafted from clay. at [email protected]. In addition, letters can be sent via fax to 01903 885514 or mail to Fire Back!, TS&MF, Ashdown Ltd., Unit 5E, Park Farm, Chichester Road, Arundel, West Sussex, England, U.K. BN18 9EY. Letters can also be sent via fax to (507) 634-7691 or mail to Fire Back!, TS&MF, Ashdown Inc., 68132 250th Ave., Kasson, MN, USA 55944. All correspondence must include your full name, address and daytime telephone number in case verification is needed. Letters may be edited for length or clarity. Anonymous letters will not be considered for publication.HOBBYIST CRAFTS NILE GUNBOAT SUDAN CENTERFOLD EARNS ACCOLADES   It took about 10 hours to build the vessel.Dear Editor:Recently there seems to have been a Since I had most of the materials on hand,  great deal of interest in the 19th-century it only cost $25 for additional items from Dear Editor:Mahdist War campaigns in the Sudan. a craft store. It took some additional time Hats off to W. Britain’s General ManagerSeveral companies have produced excellent to make the sandbags out of clay and Richard Walker and creative designer Joelmodels of British Nile River gunboats. modify some figures to fit their positions Wood for the brilliant Sudan CampaignA number of individuals have also built on board. centerfold in issue 169. The evocative scenemodels that have appeared in TS&MF. The 50 figures were made by John is outstanding. The dramatic positioningSince I have a small diorama set up Jenkins Designs and other makers. I of the Mahdist War figures, the clarity ofdepicting an episode in the first Sudan painted the Gordons’ uniforms a light detail and the color composition are worthyCampaign of 1884-85, I decided to build blue-gray, which may or may not be of many accolades. The photo sets a high-a Nile gunboat as a platform to exhibit my historically accurate. water mark for centerfolds. Well done!figures and artillery. Wallace Franz James H. HillestadI had no plans to guide my Kirkland The Toy Soldier Museumconstruction, so I built a Nile commercial Wash., USA Cresco, Pa., USAsteamer converted to a gunboat byequipping it with artillery and two Gatlingguns. Sandbags were added to provideprotection for the crew and GordonHighlanders on board.Since my objective was not to create astand-alone gunboat model, but simply aprop for my figures, I was able to employa technique that I have used to buildbackgrounds for my dioramas. I have builtthe fronts of buildings using Styrofoam,balsa wood and cardboard held togetherwith pins and glue.With some modification, I used thesame method to construct my gunboat. TS&MF issue 169’s centerfold featured items from W. Britain’s “War Along the Nile Series.”CONTEST: GET HAPPY IN YOUR HOBBY!To have a chance of winning a prize, enter the monthly “Get Happy in Your Hobby!” contest by submitting onephoto along with a couple of paragraphs relating how the toy soldier and model figure hobby makes you happy.Send your entry to Editor Stuart A. Hessney via e-mail at [email protected] or post it to the TS&MF GetHappy in Your Hobby Contest at either Ashdown Ltd., Unit 5E, Park Farm, Chichester Road, Arundel, WestSussex, England, U.K. BN18 9EY; or Ashdown Inc., 68132 250th Ave., Kasson, MN, USA 55944. All entriesmust include your complete contact details. Enter as many times as you like. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 7

VOOPELNLEIYNG n Editor Stuart A. Hessney and latest news from the toy soldier hobby his worldwide team of intrepid correspondents track down the latest news and notes of interest to toy soldier and model figure enthusiasts.WAR OF 1812 THEME AT OMSS EVENTOMSS member Jeff Duncan’s display at the 2011 OnParade paid tribute to his grandmother, who served inthe World War II Canadian Women’s Army Corps.Come join the Ontario Model Soldier Don Ritchie marched out circa 1955 Canadian Guards on parade for last year’s On Parade.Society (OMSS) Saturday, Sept. 8, 2012,as it celebrates its 50th year of hosting On Toy soldiers will form bands, march in including representatives of major makersParade, Canada’s largest toy soldier show. parades and wage warfare in action- of toy soldiers and model figures. The packed dioramas. In addition, visitors can event also features military re-enactors. The event will be held from 10 a.m. inspect enthusiasts’ entries in the opento 3:30 a.m. at the Fort York National competition. Entry to On Parade is free with paidHistoric Site in Toronto. In recognition admission to Fort York.of the 200th anniversary of the War of The show promises to be Canada’s1812, this year’s OMSS show is suitably largest gathering of hobby-related vendors, --OMSS Vice Presidentthemed to recognize the importance of Scott J. Dummitt that conflict in Canada’s history. Witness history as it is portrayedby thousands of miniature figures.TOY BATTLESHIP SELLS FOR RECORD £76,000A rare Marklin battleship was of £284,552. The collector appeared in This rare Marklin battleship sold at auction for ahammered down at £76,000 at the BBC Two television program “Ron record £76,000.Special Auction Services in Newbury, McCrindell’s Toys” in 1972. He died atEngland, April 20, 2012. age 91 in August 2011. Made in Germany in 1905, the battleship was sold to an “As far as we are aware, it is the anonymous overseas collector.most expensive single toy sold in theU.K.” auctioneer Hugo Marsh said. Marsh noted, “The battleship is the most expensive toy we have sold. The steam-propelled, tinplate Our valuation was between £40,000 toHMS Terrible was part of the late £60,000, so we’re delighted.”Ron McCrindell’s collection of toysand trains, which sold for a total --Stuart A. Hessney8 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

TEENAGE COLLECTOR WINS TS&MF DIORAMATS&MF diorama winner Greg Inguaggiato at home with part of his collection. As editor of TS&MF, I contacted Greg by phone to let him know that heAnd the winner of TS&MF’s terrific depicts a typical London street damaged had been selected as the winner.World War II London Blitz diorama is … by German Luftwaffe bombing during theGregory Inguaggiato of Alpine, N.J., USA. Blitz in the autumn of 1940. “I am really excited to have won this diorama,” the stunned reader The very lucky reader’s name was drawn Shannon Reuss of Minnesota-based commented. “I’ve always seen the dioramasat random as the winner of the grand Treefrog Treasures generously supplied a that appear in TS&MF and places likeprize worth $2,900. It was offered as the half-dozen sets of 1:30-scale figures made K&C newsletters, and I thought they werehighlight of a magazine subscription drive. by King & Country Ltd. to bring the pretty cool. Finally getting one after all diorama to life. these years is very exciting!” The fabulous focal point of the prizepackage is a one-of-a-kind diorama In addition, Giles Brown of Dorset Greg is 19 years old and a rising juniorexpertly handcrafted by Kenneth Osen. Soldiers in England has created a unique, at the New York University Stern SchoolIt was graciously provided as a prize matt-finished version of his TS&MF of Business. He majors in finance andfor TS&MF readers by Hudson & premium figure of British Prime Minister accounting.Allen Studio, Ken and his wife Ericka’s Winston Churchill exclusively for thisMichigan business. The detailed scene exciting diorama. “I currently intern at an investment bank and hope to turn that into a career,” he related. Greg’s interests include hiking, golfing, running, classic rock and history, “especially imperialism and modern European history.” “I started collecting toy soldiers when I bought a set of cadets while visiting West Point at least eight years ago,” he recounted. “Since then I have really gotten into collecting King & Country and old Britains,” Greg noted. “I really like the World War II sets that K&C makes, especially the German Afrika Korps ones. In terms of Britains, I like the odd sets or anything with a Whisstock box.”  At the time of this writing, the teenager was eagerly looking forward to devoting space in his collection to the unique and fabulous London Blitz diorama. “I really appreciate TS&MF, Hudson & Allen Studio, Treefrog Treasures and Dorset Soldiers for putting this all together,” Greg said. --Stuart A. Hessney  The one-of-a-kind WWII diorama was handcrafted by Ken Osen. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 9

SOLDIERS IN SILLOTH MUSEUM OPENS Silloth, a seaside resort in the North of Vikings, the Wild West, Robin Hood, the The attraction has received fundingEngland, hopes to attract tourists with American Civil War, the French Foreign from Silloth Town Council, Solwaya new toy soldier museum that opened Legion, World Wars I and II, and more. Neighbourhood Forum, Cumbria WasteEaster Saturday, April 7, 2012. There is everything from castles and forts Management and local businesses. to chariots, cannons and tanks on exhibit. Volunteers and donations to help run Named Soldiers in Silloth, the mu- Numerous types of plastic and metal toy and finance the museum continue to beseum houses a collection built up during figures and their makers are encompassed sought.five decades by native son Tim Barker. by the collection.The hobbyist has dedicated his more than --Grant Peterson10,000-piece collection and premises to Museum hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.house it for the benefit of the community Tuesday to Sunday from May 1 to Sept.on Solway, Cumbria. 30; and 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. weekends and bank holidays from Oct. 1 to April 30 A Napoleonic diorama depicting the (except Christmas). Admission costsBattle of Waterloo is the centerpiece of £2 per adult, £1 for a child under agethe museum. Another diorama is devoted 16 or £5 for family of four.to Hadrian’s Wall, which terminates nearSilloth. Other dioramas along with displayshoused in cabinets portray ancient Egypt,Union cavalry in action at Gettysburg. A war elephant complements Herald plastic Trojans. American Indians by Elastolin.  OBITUARY: HOBBY AUTHOR RICHARD O’BRIEN (1934-2012)Richard O’Brien of Tryon, N.C., USA, American Toys.” Richard O’Brien’s “Collecting Toy Soldiers” books setauthor of the “Collecting Toy Soldiers” “Collecting Toys” enabled O’Brien to a high standard.books, died in a hospice May 18, 2012, atage 78. embark on researching the history and O’Brien is survived by his wife of 53 output of toy soldier manufacturers. This years, the former Mary Ann Shelton; their He was born Jan. 13, 1934, in Flushing, led to multiple editions of unparalleled four children, eight grandchildren and twoN.Y. He was graduated from Brooklyn price guides/reference books reinforced stepgranddaughters.College and served in the U.S. Army. by contributions from various other experts in the field. The culmination was --Stuart A. Hessney O’Brien’s varied career included serving the publication of two complementaryas a press agent in New York City from and comprehensive volumes: “Collecting1960 to 1977. He was responsible for American-Made Toy Soldiers” andkicking off the careers of Woody Allen, “Collecting Foreign-Made Toy Soldiers.”Bill Cosby, Joan Rivers, Flip Wilson andother celebrity clients. In 1968, O’Brien Within the toy figure hobby, O’Brienbegan a continuing job as a gag writer and became revered for his scholarly, in-depthidea man for Allen. research and picture-packed books that have entertained and informed legions The humorist also created two of enthusiasts. Jack Matthews, a fellowsyndicated comic strips, “Koky” and collector and the author of “Toys Go“Suzy.” In addition, O’Brien authored to War,” has described O’Brien as thesome 32 books, including eight novels. “Godfather of American toy soldier research.” Many dealers and collectors O’Brien became best known as a highly simply refer to Richard’s seminal books asrespected expert on collectible toys. The “O’Brien,” as if his tremendous legacy isauthor’s lifelong love of toy soldiers led to synonymous with the hobby bible.him originating “Collecting Toys,” nowin its 12th edition. After editing the first His many interests also includedeight editions of that book, he sold the surfing, which he took up at age 63 whilecopyright to Krause Publications, with living in Beaufort, S.C. O’Brien becamethe stipulation that the series continue to a regular at Hunting Island State Park,bear his name. His other books covered where he was accepted as “just one of thetoys such as trains and vehicles. He also guys” by much younger surfers.wrote the coffee table book “The Story of10 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE





Get happy in a hobby visit www.hobbyworld.tv todaySBieerraadToy Soldier Company Dolls House World• Join wFwowr.beTadh.tev Finest Toy Soldiers • Subscribe to Dolls House World magazine• Digital iMAGS and Miniatures. • Digital iMAGS• PCSurhobejsceMckcrtOoiabdueontkwtoloenuilrBnoTrbaeiodtahosioknea’rsziLfnaVeevsoiausripitte aBenadd mVagiasziinteUs • Join www.dollshouse.tv• The Store! • Project downloads• • Huge range of CDs and DVDs• Fantastic range of CDs and DVDs • View our range of kits Cat World Teddy Bear Times• Join www.catworld.tv • Subscribe to Teddy Bear Times magazine• Digital iMAGS • Digital iMAPGeSter Nathan Toy Soldiers• Subscribe to Britains favourite Cat magazine • ProWjeecot fdfeorwtnhleoawdidsest variety of elite military miniatures,• Breed downloads • A rtoavynigssueoalodl fiheDorsVbDbanys.dPdeitoerraNmaathaacnceTossyoSrioelsdaievrasilhaabslebfeoernyionur• A range of D“VNDesw AL033 - Up and Over - business over 20 years and all the products displayed King & Country - Australian Light Horse” in our new store are available online.Knit29 N. Santa Cruz Avenue, Los Gatos, CA 95030 Model RailwayShop 18, level 2, Queen Victoria Building,• JoTionllwFwrewe.k(8n6it61).t8v6F9a-7x6(54308In)t3e9r5n-a3t0io0n6al (408) 395-3000 455 George Street, Sydney, Australia. Tel: (+612) 9267 5591• A range of DVDs Email: [email protected] • Join www.moWdeeblsriatiel:wwawy.twv.toysoldiers.com.au• www.sierratoysoldier.comA great range of patterns •A range ofMDoVnD,sTue, Store Hours to 6pm Wed, Fri, Sat: 10am Thu 10am to 9pm, Sun 11am to 5pm Brushstrokes.tv - for all your painting techniques TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 13 and a range of DVDs

history & military miniaturesHow to Spot aRoman Legion  Thor Johnson of AeroArt examines how to identifyancient Roman legions from their distinctive shield markingsText: Thor Johnson  Photos: Courtesy of The AeroArt St. Petersburg CollectionShield: An article of protective armor made Praetorians for their art which has led to under the zodiac sign for midwinter,of leather, metal or wood and carried on the the supposition that all legions carried the which was the time most legions wereforearm. A decorative emblem that often wings and thunderbolt design on their raised, would carry the sign of Capricorn.serves to identify an escutcheon. shields. However, the very substantial Raising a legion in winter allowed time to amount of new information gleaned from recruit and train legionnaires for a spring   ancient sources reveals that each legion campaign.The ancient Roman shield (“scutum”) proudly displayed their own revered andcame in many shapes, sizes and weights in distinctive markings on their shields. Animals and birds were used tothe hands of the legions throughout their represent regions where legions were raised.millennium of service.   FRIEND OR FOE? For example, legions originating from Some of the variations are illustrated by Strong individual legion insignia has an Spain often had bull emblems due to the54-mm figures produced by my company, interesting premise. In the many episodes region’s ancient heritage of fighting bulls.The AeroArt St. Petersburg Collection. of internecine warfare which plagued Legions such as the 3rd Gallica, the 9thThose miniatures’ shield designs were the Roman Republic and Empire, such Hispania and the 10th Fretensis, all raisedmodeled as they might have appeared in as Julius Caesar’s Civil War of 49-45a Roman triumph or at a large military B.C., how could the legions fighting oneencampment of several legions. another discern friend from foe? In the toy soldier field, few The legions were famous formanufacturers have been inclined to standardization. Each legionnaire woreprovide individual legion markings. In the same armor, same helmet and used thefact, most Roman toy soldiers in the same weapons. Only the shield providedmarketplace conform to shield designs of a method of identification. In the meleeslightning bolts, arrows and wings, which that ensued in civil wars and imperialwere principally used by the Praetorian succession disputes, a quick glance duringGuard but very few of the standard combat at an opponent’s shield markingslegions. would give the legionnaire a direction in which to throw his “pilum” (javelin), point It was perhaps the proclivity of artists his “gladius” (sword) or link arms.who created ancient Roman statuaryborrowing the shield pattern of the There were emblems carried by the aquilifers and signifiers holding unit flags, and especially the sacred legion eagle. But the individual shield carried by each legionnaire was his personal recognition of belonging to a particular elite fighting unit -- often with a history that encompassed centuries of service to Rome.   LEGION SYMBOLS Legion emblems took many forms. Usually symbols selected to visually represent a legion would relate to the month when it was raised or the place where it was raised. Thus a legion founded LEFT: Soldier of the 19th Legion in chain mail with his sword and shield. right: 14th Gemina Martia Victrix legionary standing with a pilum and his shield on the ground.14 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

history & military miniaturesin Spain, utilized a bull emblem. A legion’s emblem was such an the following legions (listed with Arabic Legions raised in Northern Italy often important means of identity that it figures instead of Roman numerals for would often mark construction projects clarity):selected the boar as their emblem. The accomplished by soldiers. Legion symbols20th Valeria Victrix and the 19th Gallica, have been found on ancient remains of 2ND AUGUSTA: The shield displayedwhich were both raised in Italy, displayed structures throughout Europe and North the twin symbols of Capricorn andboars on their shields. Africa. These signatures of the legions Pegasus. Formed by Pompey the Great recorded their contribution to the far- in Italy, the 2nd Augusta served underSOLDIERLY PRIDE flung Empire. Germanicus in A.D. 14-16. It was oneThe legions of Rome were comprised of of the four top legions that Emperorordinary men, but as members of a great   Claudius sent to invade and conquerlegion they did extraordinary things. MINIATURE LEGIONS Britain in A.D. 43. An additional source The AeroArt St. Petersburg Collection of pride to the 2nd Augusta was that its In the glory days of ancient Rome, has done considerable research into commander in Britain would later becomewhen news came to the many towns on legion markings. This article is illustrated Emperor Vespasian.the extensive road system that one of the with miniatures bearing the shields ofEmpire’s fabled legions would be travelingthrough their location, youngsters and “The very substantial amount of new informationtheir parents would gather and wait in gleaned from ancient sources reveals that eachgreat anticipation to see these venerated legion proudly displayed their own revered andwarriors. As the legion marched through distinctive markings on their shields.”the town, these soldierly celebrities ofthe ancient world would be cheered andscrutinized by all. It’s easy to visualize marchinglegionaries carrying their standardizedweapons and equipment, travelingwith their large “scuta” sans the leatheror canvas covers, thus exhibiting themarkings of their unit for onlookers tospot. Perhaps the shields would showthe lion emblem of the 13th Legion, theCapricorn of the 2nd Augusta or maybethe bull of the 9th Hispana. Each legionmaintained a proud identity painted onthose shields. When not fighting foes such as theCelts, Gauls, Germans, Dacians or eachother, the legions built many of the citiesand edifices of the Roman Empire. It hasoften been said, “The legions were an armyof engineers who also had to fight.”right: 20th Valeria Victrix legionnaireadvancing in battle formation with sword.below: 5th Alaudae legionnaire in battlecrouch with sword. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 15

history & military miniatures   By 30 B.C., Emperor Augustus was In A.D. 86, under the leadership of3RD GALLICA: The 3rd Legion was in firm control. The 3rd was inducted Praetorian Prefect Fuscus, the 5th lost itsoriginally raised by Pompey the Great in into Augustus’ standing army as the eagle to Dacians in an ambush. The legionTransalpine Gaul and reformed in 49 B.C. Syrian legion. Among its many actions, never recovered.by Caesar, who gave this legion its Gallica the 3rd served under Corbulo in hisname. Emblems adopted by the 3rd were Armenian wars. Additionally the 3rd was  three bulls and the Capricorn. a major instrument to ensure its former 9TH HISPANA: Displaying the bull commander Vespasian would take the emblem on its shield, the 9th Hispana was After having fought on both sides throne in A.D. 69.  founded in Spain by Pompey in 55 B.C. during Caesar’s Civil War, the 3rdLegion marched to the Middle East with In its prime, the 3rd was one of the The 9th arrived in Britain with theTriumvir Mark Antony. During its service most respected and feared legions in the Claudian invasion of A.D. 43. Seventeenwith Antony, the 3rd earned many battle Empire. One of its later assignments was years later Iceni Queen Boudicca’s Celtichonors.  with Aurelian’s campaign in A.D. 273 to forces ambushed four cohorts of the 9th suppress a rebellion by Queen Zenobia of led by inexperienced Petilius Cerialis. Palmyra. Only the young commander and some cavalry survived.    5TH ALAUDAE: The 5th Alaudae’s unique emblem displaying five elephants was adopted after fighting for Caesar in Africa against King Juba of Numidia in 46 B.C. In subsequent service, the 5th was posted to Spain during Augustus’ Cantabrian War of 29-19 B.C.  The 5th was transferred to the Rhine in 17 B.C. Victories and defeats in actions against the Germanic tribes followed until A.D. 14-16, when service with Germanicus and his victorious campaigns in Germania brought battle honors.  top left: 13th Gemina legionnaire about to hurl a pilum at an enemy. top right: Praetorian on palace guard duty. LEFT: Member of the 22nd Deiotariana advancing with sword. right: 2nd Augusta legionnaire throwing a pilum.16 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

history & military miniatures After bringing the legion back to full Of the many battle honors won by the  strength a year later, the 9th continued 14th, none was greater than its victory over 19TH LEGION: The 19th Legion wasits posting in Britain. It fought its last Britain’s Queen Boudicca in A.D. 60-61. raised by Caesar in 49 B.C. in Cisalpinebattle in Scotland circa A.D. 120, when it Outnumbered by 23-1, the 14th Legion, Gaul along with the 17th and 18thdisappeared from historical records. along with elements of the 9th Hispania Legions. The emblem of the 19th was and 20th Valeria Victrix all under the most probably the boar.   leadership of Seutonius Paulinus, soundly10TH FRETENSIS: Considered by defeated Boudicca’s Celtic army. Roman The uncertainty over the insigniamany to be the greatest of all the Roman skill, discipline and Paulinus’ brilliant refers to the fact that the 17th, 18thlegions, the 10th Fretensis was personally strategy won the day, beating an army and 19th Legions were ambushed andraised by Caesar in 61 B.C. in Spain.  estimated at as many as 230,000 warriors. destroyed by Germanic warriors during the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in Symbols of the 10th were bulls from The 14th would continue to acquit itself A.D. 9. So devastating was the lossits Spanish origins and the ship and well in service to the Empire. However, of those three legions that Emperordolphins emblem, which identified its its victory in Britain would be the legion’s Augustus had all references andmarine service during Caesar’s Civil War defining accomplishment. information about them expunged fromat the battle to reopen the Otranto Straits the historical record.between Italy and Greece. Its Latin name,“Legio X Fretensis,” means “10th Legionof the Sea Strait.” The 10th was Caesar’s go to legion.For 14 years it was the legion that tookthe lead in all of his battles. From Spainto Gaul, forays into Britain, and on to theCivil War, Caesar counted on the militaryskills and discipline of the 10th Fretensis. In its later life, the 10th marchedfor Antony and Augustus. It beat theParthians for Corbulo. Under the command of Gen. Vespasianand his son Titus, the 10th thrashed rebelforces during the First Jewish-Roman Warof A.D. 66-73. The 10th took the Templeof Jerusalem and conquered the fortress ofMasada. Glory for the 10th diminished as gloryfor Rome waned.  13TH GEMINA: The 13th Geminahad a distinctive lion emblem. Formed byCaesar, this legion crossed the Rubiconwith him -- forever changing Romanhistory. The 13th went on to serve underTiberius and Germanicus in their Rhinecampaigns. Distinguished service withTrajan in his Dacian Wars brought moreawards in later years. The 13th survived until A.D. 395,when it was split up and disappeared fromrecords.  14TH GEMINA MARTIAVICTRIX: Rome’s second most famousand able legion was arguably the 14thGemina Martia Victrix. Sporting onits shields the emblem of Jupiter’sthunderbolts and eagle wings, this legionhad a proud history ranging from Caesar’scampaigns in Gaul to the fourth century.top middle:10th Fretensis legionnairewith a pilum and his shield top right: Pilum-throwing legionnaireof the 9th Hispania.right: Shields of the Roman Republicperiod. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 17

history & military miniatures     above: Shields of the Imperial Roman20TH VALERIA VICTRIX: The 20th PRAETORIAN GUARD: The army.Valeria Victrix, with its distinctive emblem shield emblem of wings, arrows and  of a boar and arrows, was founded in Italy thunderbolts was the traditional pattern of below: 3rd Gallica legionnaire withby Caesar in 49 B.C. The 20th Legion the Praetorian Guard as well as the 14th sword and shield.served in a variety of postings, including Legion. Three other legions carried similar below left: Group of 10th FretensisSpain, Germania, Gaul and others until but more simplified thunderbolt designs: Legion figures from AeroArt.dispatched to Britain in A.D. 43 by the 2nd Triana, the 11th Claudia and theClaudius. The 20th would stay in Britain 12th Fulminata.for the next three centuries fighting Celtsand building Hadrian’s Wall.   LONG HISTORY    There remains much room for study and22ND DEIOTARIANA: The 22nd discussion of the emblems and symbolsDeiotariana was named after King of Rome’s legions given the substantialDeiotarus of Galatia, a Roman ally who length of time the legions existed.originated the unit as part of his army.The legion’s shield proudly bears an eagle, Legions came and went. Shield shapes,which was the symbol of the Celtic king sizes and patterns changed. Sometimes thebased in Asia Minor.  celebration of persons or events determined unique or temporary shield designs.  The 22nd was based in Egypt foralmost two centuries. It is thought that The only constant that we can bethe 22nd was defeated by the Parthians assured of is that unit emblem pride hasin A.D. 161, after which records of this been a source of solidarity and positivelegion ceased to exist. esprit de corps in military organizations for virtually all of recorded history. n about the writer Thor Johnson is a former vice president of Pan Am who started The AeroArt St. Petersburg Collection to apply his business acumen to his interest in history and connoisseur figures. The American’s personal library reveals his passion for reading, aviation, art, coins, currency, Hollywood Golden Age films and more. One of his favorite sayings is: “Collections are a sign of a civilized man!”18 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

The very finestin Historical Miniaturesand Traditional Toy soldiersfrom St. Petersburg and Moscowshop nyc showroom45 Steinwehr Avenue 232 East 82 Street, Ste. # GAGettysburg, PA 17325 New York, NY [email protected] 646-552-9790 by appointment onlyPhone 717-338-1865Hours: 11AM to 4PM Daily www.LeadArmy.com Tof rToiompes MMiliiltiatarryyMMiinniiaattuurreess •• LLiimmitieteddEEdidtiiotinoPnrPinrtisn•tsM•ilMitairliitaaria 16106022CCooppeellaanndd SStt..J•a3c8k1so-n6v8i2ll8e,•FwLw• w90.t4r-o38o1p-s6o8f2t8ime.com SMwatouwnrddwaayy.–t1Fr1r:oi0d0oay-p140s::0o300f-•t5Ti:3um0e•sedSa.ayctu-ordFmaryi:dBayy A1p0p:3o0in-tm5e:n30t TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 19

hobby history & collectingFigures of Rohm, Hitler and Hess (from left) watch Otto Hausser cofounded the company inSA members march off from Nazi headquarters. 1904 and lived until 1956.Elastolin Toy SoldiersKeith Nairn-Munro examines the history of the German company, its relationship with theNazi regime and its collectible toy figures  Text: Keith Nairn-Munro   Photos: Vectis Auctions Ltd.For a long time, I have been fascinated of just how far their makers had PROPAGANDA VALUE  by German composition toy embraced the axioms and opportunities Postwar Elastolin and other German soldier makers and their symbiotic provided by Hitler, the architect of Nazi businesses justified their unqualifiedrelationship with Adolf Hitler in the Germany. Hausser-Elastolin was the espousing of the Nazi regime as merely1930s.This pre-World War II period of leading company, swiftly followed by economic expediency.their production is all that is remembered Lineol in this three-dimensional display of Elastolin’s reasoning was that afterabout them by many people.This is hardly fascist dogma in varied scales. the rampant inflation that Germanysurprising since their imposing, tinplate In marked contrast to such divisive had experienced in the 1920s and thevehicles and German political and military icons, however, Elastolin also produced economic downturn that accompaniedfigures clad in gray, black or brown uniforms some exquisite sets of zoo and farm animals this phenomenon, it was merely takingare products that defy ambivalence. as well as some very interesting cowboys advantage of a golden commercialTheir product designs enshrined the and Indians. Unfortunately, Elastolin’s opportunity. As these were two of theperceived military strength and might civilian items in the main have been contributing reasons why Hitler gainedof the Third Reich. These figures helped overshadowed by its martial offerings.underpin the Nazi doctrinal values of  fortitude and purity by instilling throughplay a patriotic and nationalistic fervor in Elastolin figures ride in athe youth of Germany.   Mercedes “Wagen des Fuhrers” made by Tippco. There was no compromise. Swastika-emblazoned figures gave stark evidenceF. Hellemeister of Elastolin hand-builtthis prototype of the antiaircraft halftrackplanned for release in 1943. A halftrack with 11 German soldiers released in 1938 dwarfed anything Elastolin had produced before. 20 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

Rare figures of a saluting Rudolf Hess hobby history & collectingand SS band made in 1938. A beautifully crafted and atmospheric desert scene released in 1950.power, the toy soldier maker’s explanation Robustly designed German horse definition. Elastolin immediately beganwas constructed around unassailable artillery team made prior to WWII. producing such figures.historical fact. with regard to Elastolin’s stance in After WWII broke out in 1939 and However, this view is at odds with hindsight. But if one looks at the situation France fell to the Germans in 1940, Hitlersome commentators who have suggested objectively, businesses and people generally instigated active support of toy soldierthat Elastolin’s successful exporting had to tread a very careful political line manufacturers with materials, etc., as hestrategy during the 1920s provided it with during the era of National Socialism. was acutely aware of the propaganda valuesignificant returns, and that its explanation Though it has been claimed that there was their products gave to his cause. Thiswas just a good excuse to conceal the true no official interference, the inference was allowed the companies to increaseextent of the company’s cooperation with that if toy soldier makers had not created production to meet the demand in thethe Nazis. their ranges of political items, then any home market. non-interference policy would have been As all the players in this drama are dead swiftly reversed. Certainly the fruits of the Nazi leader’snow, it is unlikely that an accurate picture investment were easily measured to somewill ever emerge of what really happened. An example of how Hitler could make extent by the fanaticism of the HitlerThus any theories expressed have to be his presence felt was when he made a Youth.based largely on supposition.   specific request for Elastolin personality figures to have porcelain heads so that   I think it is very easy to be judgmental the facial features of the Nazi Party’s EXUDING ANIMATION leading figures could be seen with greater Whatever the moral dilemmas are concerning this period of German toy soldier production, collectors are afforded a glittering array of unique offerings. It would have been better without the attendant specter of fascism. But judged solely on their toy figure credentials, I think they are generally of the greatest interest.   I believe that some collectors are less than impressed with the robust natureExtremely rare salesman’s sample of Landsknechts and Turks offered during the 1960s. Elastolin cofounder Max Hausser was killed during WWI. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 21

hobby history & collecting Hitler Youth encampment by Elastolin.of composition soldiers’ sculpting and ended up with brown boots and carrying Elastolin’s product lineup.the wheels on the bases of the horses. German grenades. However, the company did exhibit aHowever, I find them to be quite engaging.It should also be remembered that these What was refreshing about Elastolin, certain amount of pragmatism. Rathertoys were actually meant to be played with if one ignores some of the subject matter, than destroying the Rohm figures left inby children. These features afforded a huge was that it brought its figures to life with stock, Elastolin just replaced their headsamount of playroom fun. a number of different and quite unusual and with a quick flick of the paintbrush poses. The spring-loaded arm that could be they became anonymous members of a There are also other factors that should raised into the Nazi salute was particularly Wehrmacht regiment.not be ignored. This style of molding innovative. But even Elastolin’s staticand the greater size of the figures allowed figures exuded animation.  for smaller details on the uniforms to SAWDUST & GLUEbe shown. As a company, Elastolin was also So how did it all begin? Brothers Otto politically quite astute. Anyone falling and Max Hausser established the company However, Elastolin’s accuracy in out of favor with the Nazi hierarchy was in the southern town of Ludwigsburgnon-German uniforms left a great deal quickly removed from the range. For in Baden-Württemberg near Stuttgartto be desired. For example, the usual instance, when Ernst Rohm, leader of in 1904. Max was killed in World WarGerman soldier was often simply painted the SA (Sturm Abteilung, Hitler’s I. But Otto lived until 1956, havingin different colors and given a head bodyguard), was eliminated in 1934, established the Elastolin trade name aschange to portray other countries’ armies. any trace of the associated personality the premier toy figure brand in Germany.Hence some British infantrymen figure quickly disappeared from The business began as a manufacturer Rare 7-cm Gordon Highlanders with incorrect red hackles instead of white.  Intricate and working, 7.5-cm models of medieval siege engines issued postwar. The first O&M Hausser factory in Ludwigsburg. Farmhouse set from Elastolin’s “Hausetiere” (Home Animals) range. 22 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

hobby history & collectingAnimals board a postwarNoah’s ark two-by-two. Examples of Elastolin’s prewar marketing materials. and wholesaler of dolls trading under mold was then closed, placed in an oventhe name of Muller and Freyer. The and baked at approximately 80 degrees.method used for construction of the dolls Once cooled, the figure was finishedhad been developed in 1850. In 1898, a and painted in oil paints with no primer orcompany from Vienna, Austria, called undercoat. Simplicity and cheapness werePfeiffer refined this procedure to create the key driving forces. This was reflectedsmaller figures. This technique by the fact that this industry was notoriouswas adopted by Elastolin to produce for poorly paying its workers.  figures. The early figures were fairly crude ELASTOLIN VS. LINEOLThis unique way of making figures with not too much detail and thick bases. Elastolin took its name from the materialinvolved using a composition material Elastolin chose as its first subjects animals used in its production process as did itsmade up of sawdust and glue leavened between 7 and 14 cm. main rival Lineol, which used a similarwith kaolin and linseed oil. This produced In 1912, the company produced its methodology. However, Lineol used morea putty-like mixture that was pressed first military range of 7-cm figures. The resin in its mixture, resulting in a finishedbetween two brass molds. maker also marketed personality figures product resembling linoleum, hence thePrior to the putty being put in the such as Prussian King Frederick the Great, company name.mold, a wire strengthener in the shape of American Gen. George Washington It may be interesting to dwell on fora basic skeleton was placed into one part and German Field Marshal Paul von a few moments the different commercialof the mold to give the figure rigidity. The Hindenburg. journeys each of these companies had taken in the preceding years before their boom time in the 1930s. Elastolin worked under the paternal eye of a right-of-center regional government that was largely unconcerned by the working conditions of employees in the cottage industries that populated the surrounding Southern Hills. Conversely, Lineol was located just outside the German capital city of Berlin and had to contend with a socialist regime and constant attacks from the press. At the time, most of the trimming and paintingCharming circus animals displayed in a post-WWII pop-up box setting. of Lineol figures was done by outworkers. The press was particularly vehement inThe largest of a number of German bunkers attacks on the company with regard toproduced. This complex includes a gun workers’ pay, conditions and the generalposition, watch tower, map bunker exploitation of these people.with an electric light and acommunications bunker. Rocky zoo enclosure with menacing lions from the 1950s.   TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 23

hobby history & collecting German horse-drawn ambulances like this were used on the Russian Front during WWII.Eye-catching, postwar catalog cover.    per Elastolin figure versus eight figures BOOMING BUSINESS for 12 pence from Britains, the economic This meant that the arrival of Hitler As already alluded to, Elastolin focused on argument normally won the day.   was akin to an awakening for Lineol. exports in the years following WWI. ItsSwiftly breaking the shackles of its goods were sold in the United Kingdom, Elastolin released its first windup tinplateprevious political restrictions, it soon particularly the zoo and farm figures; and toys during the 1920s.To extend its rangebegan producing large numbers of figures. in the United States, where Elastolin’s of aircraft, artillery and vehicles, it bought aThis positive influence was so pronounced commercial star really shone in Macy’s of company called Tipple-Topple (also knownthat Lineol actually drew ahead of New York City. as Tipp & Co. or Tippco) in 1925.Elastolin for a short while. The manufacturer kept exporting to Since the death of his brother, Otto There is a certain irony, however, in both of those countries until the outbreak Hauser had been running the company onthat its very benefactor would be the one of WWII. U.S. shelves were cleared of his own. But in 1930 he was joined by hiswho would be ultimately responsible for Elastolin stock in 1941. sons Kurt and Rolfe. In 1936, the companyLineol’s destruction. During the Allied moved to a larger factory in Neustadtbombing raids toward the end of WWII, There is some anecdotal evidence that bei Coburg. This was when the companyits factory, molds, records, etc., were Elastolin placed great emphasis on the consolidated its figure scale to 7 cm.destroyed. The factory site was ensnared safety of its products when comparedby East Germany during the Soviet bloc’s to the lead-based amalgam from which At the peak of its production in the lateIron Curtain demarcation process after Britains’ metal figures were fashioned. 1930s, Elastolin made 3 million figuresthe war, nullifying any chance of Lineol’s Perhaps this was an attempt to justify per year.This was nowhere near Britains’resurrection. the price charged. However, at 9 pence production levels, but nonetheless still impressive considering most of the toysWild West cowboys, Plenty of were going to the home market in Germany.captives and a covered accessories It should be noted, however, that the risewagon by Elastolin. were made in fascism in Romania and Hungary had available to created new avenues of growth for Elastolin. play with the American As perhaps a display of its own Indians. associated power, in 1938 Elastolin released a monstrous clockwork model of a halftrack with crew of 11. Far bigger than anything the company had produced before, the prime mover had working headlights, opening ammunition boxes, real rubber tires and stretched 14 inches in length. It cost 30 marks, the equivalent of a week’s wages for a German laborer of the time. An antiaircraft version of the halftrack was planned for release in 1943, but in that year all of Elastolin’s production resources were switched to war work.   POSTWAR HIGHS & LOWS   Elastolin faced many challenges after WWII. Fortunately, the factory stayed within West Germany, just! Luckily the family enterprise was situated by the main railway line between Munich and Nuremberg, thus it avoided falling behind the Iron Curtain. Elastolin resumed limited production of composition figures, but it was constrained regarding subject matter under the strict terms of “Denazification directives” instituted by the Allies.24 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

hobby history & collecting Circus worker and animals in a diorama box.Unique architectural model of Brown House Porcelain-headed(“Braunes Haus”) submitted to Hitler for approval prior Hitler figure. Heto its conversion to the Nazi Party’s headquarters. was reportedly displeased with the prototype, thinking the head looked too small, and sent it back to Elastolin to be fixed.Consequently the manufacturer mainly in children’s play habits began to ring Porcelain-headedstuck to non-controversial themes such a death knell for the company. Finally figure of Italianas animals. However, it did make some Elastolin filed for bankruptcy in June 1983 dictator BenitoSwiss and American soldiers. and ceased trading by the end of that year.  Mussolini with a spring-loaded arm The company had done some I wonder if Elastolin would have ever for saluting.experiments with plastic in the 1940s. achieved such dizzying heights withoutIn 1955, Elastolin took the bold step of Hitler. Certainly its production would about the writerswitching a major part of its production have been a great deal less interesting fromto plastic figures. However, it continued a collector’s point of view. Scotsman Keith Nairn-Munro is a frequentmaking composition figures until 1969, contributor to TS&MF. He is an avidwith Switzerland being the major market If readers can look past the negative collector and painter of toy soldiers andfor them. associations connected to Elastolin, they’ll single figures, with a marked interest in recognize it created some incredible figures Scottish regiments. His wife, Evelyn, offers Elastolin’s new polystyrene range and models. Ultimately the annals of toy him great support in his pursuit of theof crisply molded figures was very well soldier history would have been a far less hobby and assists with any scenic work thatreceived. Many wonderful and unusual enthralling place without this German needs to be done, particularly on the bases ofreleases were generated, including Vikings, manufacturer. his single figures. In the summer they bothLandsknechts, Turks, ancient Romans, like to drive through the coastal and countrymedieval knights, cowboys and Indians, Only a sampling of Elastolin’s vast roads of the beautiful Scottish county ofArabs, and American Civil War soldiers. work is illustrated in conjunction with this East Lothian where they live in their Rover article. I recommend that readers explore P4 110 classic car called Eleanor. The German company also released Elastolin’s ranges further as its productionknights and American West figures was varied and prodigious. n acknowledgementssimilar to the Britains Swoppets around1974. Like Britains, Elastolin suffered A German army band by Lineolbadly as a result of piracy by Hong Kong illustrates its products similarity tomanufacturers. That situation and changes Elastolin during the 1930s. Thanks to Lorna Kaufman at Vectis Auctions Ltd. for her patient and gracious assistance while retrieving and providing photos to illustrate this article. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 25

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www.sierratoysoldier.comTEDTOYMiniaTurEs (www.tedtoy.com)Spanish Left: WBritain ExclusiveGuerillas BlueP/rGusrsaiaynset #31054 “FigGhretnFaodirerthe Works” Available Now! Below: New Russian Cavalry for the Crimean War from Monarch Regalia. Now Carrying the Fine FiguresJohn Jenkins Designs presentsotfwJoohnnewJernakninges s - The Seven Years War and the PDenesiingsnuslar Campaign of the Napoleonic Wars. TedTToEyDTMOYinMiIaNTIAuTrUReEs FfEeAaTTURuErSe: s: MMoonnaracrhchreRgeaglaiali,aW, WBrBitraitinasin, ,oFldirnstoLrtehgwioens,t,ColleJcotohrn’sJsehnokwincsa,sFei,gdaerltiP,rCaodlole, JcotohrnsJSehnokwincsadsees,igns del Praanddo, oafncdo, uorfsceo, Tuerdseto,yTedtoywww.tedtoy.com 107 W. 3rd St.270-929-2876 Owensboro, KY 42301 Toy Soldier & Model Figure | 19 Joseph Saine Toy Soldiers Presents: Toy Soldier Extravaganza July 21 & 22, 2012 Holiday Inn Livonia Michigan I-275 & 6 Mile Rd 48152Toy Soldier Auction Saturday, July 21 1 p.m. 300+ lots of Toy Soldiers sold at no reserve Toy Soldier Show Sunday, July 22 10 a.m. 100 tables of Toy soldiers with Dealers from over 10 statesAlso featuring room trading Friday and Saturday “Nothing like a two-day pass!”For Auction Consignment & Table Information, contact: Joseph Saine Toy Soldiers 628 Dixie Highway - Rossford, OH 43460 419.662.8697 - email: [email protected] TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 27

show reportBMSS Show& CompetitionsMichael Creese covers the organization’s annual eventin London and checks out hobbyists’ entriesText: BMSS President Michael Creese   Photos: Eric Sanger & Paul H. VickersThe “Paint and Take” table for youngsters was a popular innovation at the 2012 show. by his horse into a stable muck heap comes to mind.Another year, another show! displays and few, if any, traders. The first British Model Soldier Bob Rowe was producing beautifully Our next venue was Chelsea Town Society (BMSS) annual event that Hall on the swinging King’s Road -- animated and painted Stadden figures nice hall; terrible parking! Wandsworth Town Hall had better parking but it wasI attended in London was in the 1960s at with added detail such as correct-length in a less salubrious neighborhood, and our room was on the first floor with noCaxton Hall, Westminster. In those days, sword knots. Bill Hearne was another disabled access. A coach-load of “Les Ami d’Historex” used to come overthe national show was referred to as the modeler whose work I recall. His vignette from France each year. Their imaginative use of scenery was a delight, and IAnnual Competitions. There were no club of a cuirassier sergeant major being kicked still remember a fine diorama of the execution of the Duke of Enghien.Mick Morrissy’s “Beating Retreat” won a gold medal in this year’s special Jubilee Trophyclass and the President’s Medal. The move to the Connaught Rooms took the BMSS to a new level. Inspired by Paul H. Vickers and the late Peter Ledger, it became truly a “show” for the first time with a myriad of trade stands, displays and demonstrations. This tradition has continued as the Society has moved, usually for financial reasons, to other venues in London. April 28, 2012, the BMSS Annual Show was back at the Holiday Inn on Coram Street, close to Russell Square, for the second time. This is a pleasant central venue with car parking and a quiet atmosphere. Staff members were very helpful in setting up the room to our requirements. So once again we were able to put on a good mix of displays and trade stands with, of course, the usual competitions.   PAINT & TAKE Among the displays was a wargame illustrating a battle in the Swiss Civil War. I must confess to complete ignorance of this conflict, which was fought on much the same grounds as the American Civil War: federalism or the right to secede. An innovation this year was the “Paint and Take” table manned by a team of experts. They encouraged young people (and some not so young) to have a go at painting a figure, which they could then take home with them, hopefully to encourage them to take up the hobby.28 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

show reportINNOVATIVE WORK right: The ferocious “Red Knight” was, In addition, one could really feel theEvery so often a modeler comes along sadly, unplaced in Class 1. cold in “Summer Thoughts” by Lee Amey,with a real innovation. In this year’s   who garnered four more medals in Classcompetitions, Carl Sartin deservedly won Below right: Nick Ball’s “Charles I 9. A more unusual entry in this group wasthree gold medals with his beautifully and Oliver Cromwell” was a silver medal “Girl in a Top Hat,” a joint effort by Lanepainted, single-figure entries in Class 1. winner in Class 4. (sculptor) and Mark Taylor (painter). These were on a slightly larger Two of the four entries in the diorama  base than usual with more significant class also featured flat figures. Roger CONQUERING EVERESTgroundwork. Two of them included Dixon’s nicely presented “The Charge” In Class 10 for non-military entries, Sirappropriate sections of AFVs modeled in featured British cavalry in India at the Edmund Hillary climbing Mount Everestresin. The third was a motorcyclist posed time of the Mutiny (or First War of was a very fine piece of work and muston a bridge with a finely modeled section Independence, if you prefer). The otherof river underneath. two entries showed casualty evacuation scenes, a rather neglected aspect of Kevin Jarratt’s Confederate military life.infantryman was less flamboyant butbeautifully painted. At the end of the  afternoon, a friend and I had a very REDCOATS WIN GOLDinteresting discussion with one of the Class 6 for AFVs, softskins and artilleryjudges in this class who pointed how small was as well supported as usual, thoughchanges to the painting of a figure could there was a lack of artillery entries. Ianmake all the difference. Duthie continued his love affair with Russian ski-mounted vehicles and the There were also some fine entries in three figures which accompanied hisClass 2 for larger-size single figures, with NKL–26 were equally well treated.Edward Sage taking medals in all threecolors. His Crimean War period model The judges commented that someof a British 4th Light Dragoon of 1854 entries in this class were not consistent inportrayed one of the less popular eras in their weathering and/or groundwork.modeling. Class 7 for “Toy Soldiers” was another   popular class with a nice variety ofOUTSTANDING FLATS subjects. Derek Oakley’s “Redcoats” wereIt was good to see a flat figure -- a large- worthy gold medal winners. A silver medalscale French Chasseurs à Cheval kettle for his Gordon Highlanders deservedlydrummer, win a gold medal in Class 3 for went to Alex Sim, who travels down fromsingle mounted figures. The British Flat Yorkshire each year for the show. TheFigure Society had a stand displaying the redoubtable and indefatigable Georgeincredible variety available in this type of Hanger also had a couple of fine entries,model. including 19th-century British Camel Corps troopers titled “Gunboats of the There were also two very fine large- Desert.”scale solid figures medal winners in Class3. The judges were properly generous with The judges commented that they wouldcommendations.  have liked to have seen more conversions in this class. With the transfer of Sartin’s entries tothe single-figure class, Class 4 for vignettes  was left rather thin. Nick Ball’s “Charles I TRENCH RAIDER, PILOTand Oliver Cromwell,” another flat figure There were only three entries, all scratch-entry, were well painted and deserved their built, in Class 8 for converted or scratch-silver medal. built models. The “Trench Raider” and a pilot from the RNAS were by Robert Lane, a master of this type of modeling, and deservedly won gold medals. Close behind was Graham Sutch with his mounted Japanese samurai archer. We saw many more and very varied entries in Class 9 for busts. I certainly didn’t envy the judges, who rightly commented on the high quality in this class. Sartin impressed again with his “SS-Sturmann.” left: Terry O’Neill’s impressive “Richard I” took bronze in Class 3. right: Stewart Wilson was awarded a gold medal in Class 2 for his Byzantine standard-bearer. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 29

show report  have been very close to a gold medal. Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee. Thereabove: “Desna Bridge” won one of Carl It was excellent to see a young lady, were only seven entries, the majority ofSartin’s three gold medals in Class 1. which were in battledress, including two  Marta Slusalska, win two medals. self-portraits. right: Stewart Wilson’s “Casualty However, I must confess that, thoughEvacuation” diorama was commended by beautifully painted, I didn’t quite Quite breathtaking, however, werethe judges in Class 5. understand her “Anton the Infected” Michael Morrissy’s massed bands of the  piece. Edward Sage’s “Lioness” bust Brigade of Guards in “Beating Retreat”below: BMSS Treasurer Paul Newman’s was another very unusual entry in the with Her Majesty taking the salute. The“Sergeant of Drums, Coldstream Guards, competitions but thoroughly deserved a product of five years’ work, this entry was2012,” won a bronze medal. medal. rightly awarded a gold medal and also received the President’s Medal. Once again, Richard Simmons made a clean sweep in the junior class as the only Lane received the Jubilee Trophy for his entrant. entry of a “British Officer, 2009.”  The Peter Ledger Trophy for the best club display was One had hoped for more entries in the won by the BMSS Northants Branch. special class arranged to celebrate Queen BMSS President Michael Creese’s tribute to the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee was titled “Riding Back to the Palace.” 30 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

show reportabove: “The Redcoats” by George COMPETITIONS RESULTS Bronze MedalHanger received a commendation in   • Richard I by Terry O’NeillClass 7. Commendedright: Chris Simmons produced “The CLASS 1: SINGLE FOOT FIGURES • “Halt!” by Paul NewmanEmpire Strikes Back,” an iconic image of UP TO 54 MM: • Line Dragoon by Chris Seeleya British Royal Marine, to mark the 30th Gold Medals • Practice Joust by Peter Warneranniversary of the Falklands War. • “Desna Bridge” by Carl Sartin • “Colonel de Marbot” by Michaelbelow: George Hanger’s “Gunboats • “251 Eastern Front” by Carl Sartinof the Desert” won a bronze medal in • “Oops -- stuck in the mud!” by Carl CreeseClass 7.              Sartin CLASS 4: VIGNETTES: Silver Medals Silver Medal                                                    • Colour Sergeant, Coldstream Guards, • “Charles I and Oliver Cromwell” by by Kevin Jarrett Nick Ball • Private, CSA Infantry, 1864, by Kevin Commended • “The Visitor” by Jon Page Jarrett • Carabiniers, 1814, by Brian Keywood Commended   • “Nansouty” by Chris Seeley CLASS 5: DIORAMAS: • 52nd Oxfordshire Light Infantry by Gold Medal • “The Charge” by Roger Dixon Jon Page Bronze Medals   • “Retreat From Moscow” by Chris CLASS 2: SINGLE FOOT FIGURES MORE THAN 54 MM: Seeley Gold Medals • “Ticket Home” by Stewart Page • “Blackfoot, 1830,” by Edward Sage Commended • Byzantine Standard-Bearer by Stewart • “Casualty Evacuation” by Stewart Page Wilson   Silver Medal • British 4th Light Dragoons by Edward Sage                                 Bronze Medal • “Raveneau” by Edward Sage Commended • French 77th Line Infantry by anonymous   CLASS 3: SINGLE MOUNTED FIGURE ANY SCALE: Gold Medal • French Chasseurs à Cheval Kettle Drummer by Chris Seeley Silver Medal • “Routier” by Jon Page TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 31

show reportCLASS 6: AFVS, SOFT SKINS CLASS 8: CONVERTED & Edward Sage’s “Blackfoot, 1830” was a& ARTILLERY: SCRATCH-BUILT MODELS: superb example of the art of painting aGold Medal Gold Medals figure in oil colors.• NKL–26 Armored Aerosan by Ian • “Trench Raider” by Robert Lane • RNAS Pilot by Robert Lane   Duthie Silver Medal CLASS 12: JUBILEE TROPHY• “Lion of Babylon” by Terry O’Neill • Samurai Archer by Graham Sutch Gold MedalsSilver Medal   • “Beating Retreat” by Michael Morrissy• Australian Ambulance by Peter Mells CLASS 9: BUSTS: • “British Officer, 2009” by Robert LaneBronze Medal Gold Medals Silver Medals• “Sturmmorser” by Chris Seeley • “SS-Sturmann” by Carl Sartin • “The Empire Strikes Back” by ChrisCommended • “Girl in a Top Hat” by Robert Lane/• M4A1 Sherman by Ross O’Neill Simmons• Mail Call, Italy, 1944, by Stewart Page Mark Taylor • “Riding Back to the Palace” by Michael  • “Summer Thoughts” by Lee AmeyCLASS 7: TOY SOLDIERS: Silver Medals CreeseGold Medal • “The Black Devil” by Lee Amey Bronze Medal• “Redcoats” by Derek Oakley • U.S. 82nd Airborne by Lee Amey • Sergeant of Drums, ColdstreamSilver Medal Bronze Medals• Gordon Highlanders by Alex Sim • Viking by Lee Amey Guards, 2012, by Paul NewmanBronze Medal • “The Last Crusader” by Lee Amey Commended• “Gunboats of the Desert” by Commended • “Rats” by Chris Simmons • Coldstream Guard by Stewart Wilson • The Queen by Alex Sim n George Hanger • “Davout” by Stewart WilsonCommended   about the writer“ The Redcoats” by George Hanger CLASS 10: NON-MILITARY  SUBJECTS: British Model Soldier Society President Silver Medals Michael Creese is a retired headteacher.right: The painting of Carl Sartin’s • Edmund Hillary, 1953, by Edward Sage He has been a member of the Society“SS-Sturmann” bust was breathtaking and • “Menhom Dark Shadow” by Marta for more than 50 years and has serveddeservedly won gold. it in a number of capacities, including a  Slusalska spell as chief judge. His main interest hasbelow: Michael Creese’s “Colonel de Bronze Medals always been French Emperor NapoleonMarbot” depicts the dashing commander • “Lioness” by Edward Sage I’s Grande Armée, with a subsidiaryof the French 23rd Chasseurs à Cheval • “Anton the Infected” by Marta Slusalska liking for the Indian Army of the Raj. Hisduring the Russian Campaign of 1812. Commended doctoral thesis was on the role of Indian • “Cannoness” by Stewart Wilson officers in the Indian Army. A number ofbottom: “The Scottish Soldier” provided   visits to the subcontinent have increaseda marvelous splash of color in Class 7. CLASS 11: JUNIORS: his enthusiasism for this area of study. Gold Medal • “Monty” by Richard Simmons Silver Medal • “Dark Lord of the Sith” by Richard Simmons Bronze Medal • “Mine Detection 40,000” by Richard Simmons32 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

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history & collecting toy figuresCroquet Anyone?  James H. Hillestad takes a whack at examining the `Queen of Games’in history and in miniature, with a side trip to British India to bootText and Photos: James H. Hillestad  rain, thus creating a “sticky wicket” for a above: Casual attire is worn by players cricketer at bat. in STE’s “Croquet at Grosse PointeCroquet, which has been described Shores, Mich., 1910.” as the “Queen of Games,” has In the United States, “sticky wicket” has BELOW: Reproduction of Norman inspired 54-mm players by come to describe a difficult shot to make Rockwell’s Saturday Evening Post covervarious toy figure makers. in the lawn game of croquet. It is played artwork titled “Croquet.” (From the by using a mallet to hit wooden, ceramic Collection of James H. Hillestad) The sport of cricket may be the source or plastic balls through a series of hoopsof the term “sticky wicket” describing a (also known as “wickets”) on a grass court.difficult circumstance. But that metaphoralso applies when trying to sort out the“Some debate swirls around how croquet in its recognizablemodern form became all the rage in England during the1860s and went on to spread to the British Empire’s colonies,the United States and elsewhere around the world.”rather murky history of croquet. In fact, ORIGIN THEORIESthe two sports’ terminology overlaps, but Along with some other games, croquetwith some completely different meanings.  evolved from ground billiards, which had its roots in classical antiquity and had In cricket, the rectangular playing field, been popular in Western Europe at leastor “pitch,” is also known as a “wicket.” since the 14th century. However, someWeather conditions can affect play. For debate swirls around how croquet in itsexample, a bowled ball might bounce recognizable modern form became all theunpredictably on a pitch dampened by34 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

history & collecting toy figuresrage in England during the 1860s and for the way in which man confronts the through the years, including Red Box,went on to spread to the British Empire’s very problem of his own existence. STE and John Eden Studios. Imbued withcolonies, the United States and elsewhere a charm all their own, my miniature malletaround the world. The game was often depicted by well- swingers capture the fashionable style, known artists of the period, such as Édouard grace and fun of spending a leisurely sunny Two origin theories are presented by Manet of France and American Winslow afternoon on a grassy lawn playing theauthor Nicky Smith in the 1991 book Homer.The latter finished the first of five “Queen of Games.”  n“Queen of Games: The History of Croquet.” paintings devoted to the subject of croquet in 1865.The game was also a favorite subject above: Red Box portrayal of Lewis The first theory is that the game of American artist Norman Rockwell, whose Carroll’s literary character Alice playingcame from France during the reign of 20th-century paintings included “Croquet,” croquet.England’s King Charles II (1649-1685). which appeared on The Saturday EveningThe fashionable amusement was played Post’s cover Sept. 5, 1931. BELOW: “Croquet at The Breakers, Palmunder the names “paille-maille” or “pall Beach, Fla., 1908” by STE, with the figuresmall,” expressions derived from the Latin My Toy Soldier Museum collection in regulation whites.words for “ball and mallet.” The walk in includes sets of metal croquet playersSt. James’s Park in London, which is now painted in gloss by a number of makerscalled the Mall, received its name becausethe vicinity was used as a playing field byCharles II and his courtiers. By the time Samuel Johnson’sdictionary was published in 1828, hisdefinition of “pall mall” described a gameakin to modern croquet as follows: “A play in which the ball is struck witha mallet through an iron ring.” However, researchers have noted thereis no evidence that pall mall involvedthe croquet stroke, which is the moderngame’s distinctive characteristic. The second theory explains that moderncroquet arrived in England from Irelandduring the 1850s, possibly after beingimported from Brittany in NorthwestFrance, where a game with similar featureswas played on Atlantic beaches.  WILDLY POPULARWhat is known for certain is that a set ofrules registered by Isaac Spratt in November1856 with the Stationers’ Company inLondon is the oldest known document thatuses the word “croquet” in a description ofthe modern game. In part because it couldbe played for fun by both sexes, croquetbecame widely popular as a social pastime inVictorian England during the 1860s. The first croquet all-comers meetingwas staged at Moreton-in-Marsh,Gloucestershire, England, in 1868. Thatvery same year the All England CroquetClub was established at Wimbledon,London. By the late 1870s, however,croquet was eclipsed by anotherfashionable game: tennis. Many of thenewly-created croquet clubs, including theclub at Wimbledon, converted some or allof their lawns into tennis courts. English author Charles LutwidgeDodgson, better known by the pen nameLewis Carroll, famously wrote about asurrealistic version of croquet in “Alice’sAdventures in Wonderland,” published in1865. A hedgehog took the place of theball, a flamingo was the mallet and playingcards became the hoops. Literary references have also included“The Croquet Player” by H.G. Wells. TheBritish writer used the game as a metaphor TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 35

history & collecting toy figuresCroquet Amongst Splendors of the Raj Croquet is amongst the features of a officers enjoy refreshments in a room Trophy Miniatures of Wales. Decorativediorama at The Toy Soldier Museum decorated with mounted hunting trophies.  wall jewelry was obtained from the beadthat was inspired by the splendors of the section of a craft store. British Raj in India. In the hot summer months, the British habitually made an exodus to the cooler --James H. Hillestad  John Eden Studios of England hills. The smartest of the hill stations wasproduced a 54-mm group titled “Croquet Simla, summer capital of British India.  above: “Croquet in India, 1904”in India, 1904.” The vignette was expanded by John Eden Studios.to become part of a diorama dubbed “The The overall size of the diorama is 26 by  Officers’ Club, Simla, 1904.” 14 inches. The figures were made by Eden, BELOW LEFT: Diorama dubbed W.C. Stanton, Bill Speer and Patrick “The Officers’ Club, Simla, 1904.” The game is played on a grassy lawn Willis of Sarum Soldiers.   shaded by palm trees while a quintet BELOW: The entrance to the club.performs background music. Inside the The “trophies of the hunt” were madeclub building, British and Indian Army from W. Britain plastic animals. The “spoils of war” appropriately came from36 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

history & collecting toy figures   LEFT: A view of the club’s terrace, with a bar in the background.   ABOVE: An artist paints a portrait of an Indian officer. BELOW LEFT AND RIGHT: Hunting trophies decorate the club. Spoils of war are on display. left: An orchestra performs on the lawn.    BELOW: A bust of King Edward VII lends his presence to the convivial scene.    about the writer James H. Hillestad is the proprietor of The Toy Soldier Museum and shop in Cresco, Pa., USA. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 37

(Photo Courtesy of Matt Pavone, First Legion Ltd.) 17138 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

IT’S ROME VS. THE BARBARIANS as Germanic warriors clash with legionnaires somewhere along the empire’s northern frontier. Made by First Legion Ltd.,these detailed figures are based on the Marcomannic Wars of A.D. 166 to 180. A review of the newly released Germans appears elsewhere in this same edition.--Stuart A. Hessney TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 39

NEW METAL n Editor Stuart A. Hessney reviewsSHOWCASE some of the latest items from THE LATEST TOY SOLDIERS MARCH IN REVIEW around the globe to land in the marketplace. AMERICAN CIVIL WAR UNION MICHIGAN BRIGADEBY THE COLLECTORS SHOWCASEReviewed by: Stuart A. Hessney Army’s pressing need for trained officers successful attack that bagged 50 prisoners   as the ACW erupted. As events unfolded, and captured the first Confederate battle Custer’s personal associations with several flag of the war.Brian Levy, president of The Collectors important officers and his reputation asShowcase (TCS), has been making a habit an effective cavalry leader willing to take Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan,of turning out highly animated cavalrymen personal risks propelled his meteoric rise. commander of the Army of the Potomac,representing various historical periods. His described Custer’s actions as a “verynew American Civil War Union Michigan Custer was commissioned as a second gallant affair.” The general congratulatedBrigade troopers, led by a figure of “Boy lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Custer personally, added him to his staff asGeneral” George Armstrong Custer, are and joined his regiment at the First an aide-de-camp with the temporary rankcertainly no exception. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, of captain, and triggered Custer’s constant 1861. He carried messages from Army pursuit of publicity. LAST IN HIS CLASS commander Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott back in Washington, D.C., to Brig. Gen. Irvin PLEASONTON’S PROTEGE    Born in 1839 in Ohio and raised in McDowell out in the field. The war’s firstMichigan, Custer was admitted to the U.S. major land battle was a Union defeat. Custer reverted to the rank of firstMilitary Academy at West Point in 1858. lieutenant after McClellan was relievedDue to his excessive demerits -- many Custer’s star rose as a member of the of command in November 1862. Then heearned by pulling pranks on fellow cadets 5th U.S. Cavalry during the Peninsula fortunately fell into the orbit of a cavalry-- he came close to being expelled more Campaign in 1862. While staff officers division commander, Maj. Gen. Alfredthan once. But Custer was graduated -- were reconnoitering a possible crossing Pleasonton, who came to treat Custer likealbeit last -- among 34 cadets in the Class point on Virginia’s Chickhominy River, a son and introduced him to the world ofof 1861. In peacetime, his low class rank Custer overheard his commander mutter political maneuvering and gaudy uniforms.would have led to an obscure posting. to himself, “I wish I knew how deep it is.” After Pleasonton became commander Luckily for Custer, however, his class was Custer reacted by spurring and splashing of the Army of the Potomac’s Cavalrygraduated a year early to meet the Union his horse out to the middle of the river, Corps, his first assignment was to locate turning in the saddle to the astonished Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s armybelow: Custer (ref. CS00621) boldly leads a group of officers and shouting triumphantly, heading north through the Shenandoahcharge. Scenery is not included. “That’s how deep it is, Mr. General!” Valley at the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign. Custer distinguished himself by  Then Custer was permitted to lead four fearless actions in engagements at the onset companies of the 4th Michigan Infantry of the campaign, including Brandy Stationbelow right: Michigan Brigade standard-bearer across river above New Bridge to launch a -- the war’s biggest clash of cavalry.(ref. CS00622) with the Stars and Stripes. Pleasonton promoted his protégé from captain to brigadier general of volunteers June 28, 1863, just three days before the Battle of Gettysburg began. This made the 23-year-old Custer one of the youngest generals in the Union Army. MICHIGAN BRIGADE Custer was handed command of the volunteer “Wolverines” of the Michigan Brigade. Made up primarily of the 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry, the brigade fought in every major campaign waged by the Army of the Potomac from Gettysburg, Pa., to the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, Va., in 1865.   At first men in Custer’s first command were alienated by his extravagant, personalized uniform. But his willingness40 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

Combined together, the TCSfigures form an awe-inspiringWolverine cavalry charge.to lead attacks from the front quickly won McMurtrie Gregg’s Union cavalry division. However, some of the Michigan menthem over. Some troopers even began to Though his own division was stationed to elected to stay on the frontier and enlistedadopt elements of his uniform, especially the south out of the action, Custer convinced in Custer’s 7th U.S. Cavalry to fight in thethe red neckerchief as modeled on Brian’s Gregg to let him stay and fight. Indian Wars. His previous achievements1:30-scale figure of Custer (ref. CS00621). were overshadowed when Custer and Hours of hand-to-hand combat ensued all the men with him were killed in the Custer’s style has been regarded as as first the 7th Michigan and then the 1st Battle of the Little Bighorn during thereckless or foolhardy. However, Marguerite Michigan made charge after charge into Great Sioux War in 1876. A few formerMerrington, author of “The Custer Story the melee. Custer shouted “Come on, you Wolverines from the Michigan Brigadein Letters,” has asserted, “George Custer Wolverines!” That became the rallying still loyally served in the force that wasmeticulously scouted every battlefield, cry of the brigade as Custer led a cavalry annihilated by Indians in what becamegauged the enemies (sic) weak points charge of the 1stst Michigan that finally known as Custer’s Last Stand.and strengths, ascertained the best line of broke the back of the Rebel assault.attack and only after he was satisfied was DETAILED & DYNAMICthe `Custer Dash’ with a Michigan yell The Michigan Brigade lost 257 men atfocused with complete surprise on the Gettysburg, the highest lost of any single Brian envisions his half-dozen figures asenemy in routing them every time.” Union cavalry brigade. Custer leading the 7th Michigan Cavalry during its moment of military glory at Custer himself cited “luck” as one of his APPOMATTOX & BEYOND Gettysburg. The saber-waving Custergreatest attributes during the ACW. He figure even looks like he’s yelling, “Comecertainly needed it to survive some of his At Appomattox, Custer’s division on, you Wolverines!”bold charges. blocked Lee’s retreat and received the first Confederate flag of truce. Custer The other cavalry poses include aCOME ON WOLVERINES! witnessed the surrender April 9, 1865, standard-bearer (ref. CS00622) with the and the table upon which it was signed Stars and Stripes. A bugler (ref. CS00623)The Michigan Brigade saw its first presented to him as a gift for his wife, with yellow frogging on his blue jacket holdscombat as a unit at the Battle of Hanover, Elizabeth, by Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, his pistol in his right hand, uses his left handPa., June 30, 1863. Two days later, on who included a note praising her to blow his horn and rides a gray horse.July 2, the Wolverines charged against husband’s gallantry.Confederate horsemen led by Brig. The “shooting” horseman (ref.Gen. Wade Hampton III at the Battle Before the war ended, Custer received CS00624) fires a carbine while theof Hunterstown. Custer became pinned brevet promotions to brigadier general and “attacker” (ref. CS00625) aims his pistol atunder his slain horse, but Norville major general in the regular army as well a Southerner. Rounding out the group isChurchill of the 1st Michigan Cavalry as major general of volunteers. However, a Wolverine “slashing” (ref. CS00626) hisgalloped to the rescue. He shot Custer’s these wartime promotions to senior ranks saber in a downward stroke.closest assailant, helped the general mount were only temporary and Custer revertedbehind him and they dashed to safety. to his permanent rank of captain. The matt-painted castings’ details are enhanced by added-on elements such as One of Custer’s finest hours in the ACW Remnants of his depleted brigade weapons, equipment and horse tack. Thehappened at East Cavalry Field just east of were consolidated into the 1st Michigan designs combined with dry brushing andGettysburg July 3, 1863. Lee had dispatched Veteran Cavalry in late 1865 and served washes seemingly adds realistic texture toMaj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry on a in the Montana Territory. Their term of their uniforms. These dynamic mountedmission into the rear of the Union Army in enlistment had expired, but the remaining men retail for $73.90 apiece from the U.S.concert with Pickett’s Charge to the west. men were kept in service until March 10, maker based in Austin, Texas, and hisBlocking Stuart’s path was Brig. Gen. David 1866, when they were finally mustered out network of dealers around the world. n and allowed to go home.   TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 41

RACING CHINESE DRAGON BOATSBY KING & COUNTRY LTD. “The Victors’ Dragon Boat” (ref. HK200)Reviewed by: Stuart A. Hessney HEARTBEAT OF BOAT of paddlers create an exciting and colorful   spectacle wherever races are conducted. Traditionally teak is used to craftKing & Country Ltd. has launched a pair colorfully decorated dragon boats in GLOSS OR MATTof racing Chinese dragon boats in a tip of various designs and sizes. The standardthe hat to the traditions of its hometown crew complement for contemporary racing In conformance with other entries inof Hong Kong. is 22. They include 20 paddlers in pairs K&C’s long-running and popular “Streets seated facing toward the bow. of Old Hong Kong,” these new dragon These models represent an ancient boat sets can be obtained painted inteam paddling sport richly endowed with A drummer provides the rhythmic either gloss or matt finishes. The colorfulreligious and ritualistic folk traditions. It “heartbeat” of the boat to guide the detailing is absolutely gorgeous.is believed that fishermen and villagers synchronicity and frequency of thein south central China have been using paddlers strokes. The drummer might also However, these two boats have moredragon boats for racing along the Yangtze exhort the crew through a combination of modestly sized crews than the real-lifeRiver and other bodies of water for more voice commands and hand signals. Some norms. Each model has a drummer, sweepthan 2,500 years. crews use a gong striker as an alternative and six paddlers seated in a line rather to a drummer. Either way, this is the than pairs. Color schemes distinguish the That would mean that dragon boat person who calls the stroke like a coxswain two versions of the dragon boats and theirracing originated at around the same time in rowing shells. strong and determined crews. when ancient Greece’s athletic gameswere established at Olympia. The ancient A crew is rounded out by a sweep or “The Victors’ Dragon Boat” (ref.Olympiad and dragon boat racing both steersman who controls the dragon boat HK200) is painted blue with whitecombined religious observances and with a sweep oar rigged at its rear, usually crosshatching. It flies a predominatelycommunity celebrations with spirited on the side. It is used as a rudder and to green flag with red and yellow highlights.competition. sweep the stern sideways. The crewmen’s uniforms are mainly blue with yellow trim and yellow headbands.  Dragon boat racing has traditionally It should be noted that dragon boatscoincided with the fifth day of the fifth can vary in length and their crew sizes Competition is supplied by “TheChinese lunar month, which varies from vary accordingly, from 10 paddlers to 80 Champions’ Dragon Boat” (ref. HK209)late May to June on the modern Gregorian or more. Today racing distances range painted red with white crosshatching. Thecalendar and coincides with the unveiling of from 200 to 2,000 meters in accordance team’s banner is red and yellow. Green isthese K&C watercraft.The Summer Solstice with the formal international rules, with the thematic color of the crew uniforms.occurs around June 21, which relates to why 500 meters being the standard distance inthe Chinese, who consider both the sun and many events. There are also long-distance Priced at £377.95 U.K./$389 U.S.,the dragon to be male, refer to their holiday races such as the 100-kilometer Three these beautiful sets steeped in ancientfestival as “Duan Wu” or Duen Ng.” Gorges Dam Rally along the Yangtze. traditions are eye-catching additions to the maker’s “Streets of Old Hong Kong” The oldest International Festival Races Dragon boats and their straining teams series. nare staged in Hong Kongyearly. In fact, eventsheld by the Hong KongTourism Bureau in 1976are acknowledged ashaving launched themodern era of dragonboat racing. Today racesare held around the worldover a two-day period inmid-to-late June to honorthe Chinese fifth day ofthe fifth month custom.“The Champions’ DragonBoat” (ref. HK209).42 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

LAWRENCE OF ARABIA & MOREBY KING & COUNTRY LTD.Reviewed by: Stuart A. Hessney present the first two very special figures.” The composite   “Lt. T.E. Lawrence” (ref. LOA001) role of Sherif Ali was playedHistory and Hollywood have inspired depicts him en route to meet Prince Faisal by Omar Sharifcreation of cinematic “Lawrence of Arabia” (portrayed by Alec Guinness) for the in the epic film.figures by King & Country Ltd. first time. Lawrence is still wearing his British Army tropical uniform along NATURE CALLS The real Thomas Edward Lawrence with an Arab headdress. The “Sherifbecame famous for his role in World War Ali ibn el Karish” (ref. LOA002) figure Additions to the Nazi “Rogue’s Gallery”I and the Arab Revolt. However, K&C’s re-creates the character’s dramatic include a circa 1938 Adolf Hitler figurecamel-riding figures are more directly based entrance in the movie dressed all in in a brown uniform posed saluting andon actor Peter O’Toole’s performance in the black and riding from the horizon Gen. Gerd von Rundstedt on a tour ofepic movie’s leading role and Omar Sharif ’s toward Lawrence at a well. inspection.characterization of Sherif Ali, which wasactually a composite of various Arab leaders. Both beasts emulate the wonderful World War II period releases are work done on the camel ridden by K&C’s highlighted by a German Focke-Wulf Fw K&C cofounder and Creative Director recently released “Napoleon in Egypt.” The 190 D fighter nicknamed as the “Dora.”Andy C. Neilson related, “One of my 1:30-scale riders are good likenesses of the A new pilot sold separately can be posedall-time favorite movies is `Lawrence.’ actors with very nicely detailed garb and exiting the cockpit.I first saw it when I was 14 and have gear. The price: £122.95 U.K./$125 U.S.never forgotten it. To complement our apiece. According to Andy, there’s more to Late-war British reinforcementsother WWI Middle Eastern series on the come in the future. include a Humber command car and someAustralian Light Horse, K&C is proud to Tommies. Titled “In Der Fuhrer’s Face,” SIKHS & SCENICS one grinning bloke is posed having just answered the call of nature on a fallen Collectors of the “Sons of the Empire” portrait of Hitler. This item may be a bit series can look forward to reinforcements crude, but it’s very funny. n to the British Raj’s 15th Ludhiana Sikhs, including the makings of a pipe band. Need scenic items to enhance your toy soldier displays? Well, K&C has unveiled a couple of beauties. First there’s a “Roman Gateway/Guard Tower” (ref. SP049) that should find a spot on a lot of collectors’ shelves. It comes with an access ladder and a signal beacon ready to be lit (in your imagination). Also new and ready to create an instant diorama is the “Normandy Garage” (ref. SP051). It’s plastered with posters, porcelain signs and some battle damage. top left: K&C’s new figure of Lawrence of Arabia.   right: A Tommy finishes answering the call of nature on the Fuhrer’s face.   below: The new pilot figure is positioned exiting the long-nosed Dora’s cockpit. TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 43

GERMANIC WARRIORS OF THE MARCOMANNIC WARSBY FIRST LEGION LTD.Some of First Legion’s “German WarriorRomans and bombastic Standard Bearer”barbarians breathe life (ref. ROM027).into a battle diorama.Reviewed by: Stuart A. Hessney ROME UNDER ATTACK     “German Warrior Horn These Germanic gems are designed to Player” (ref. ROM028).Sixteen scintillating sets and single figures complement legionnaires from Firstportraying fearsome Germanic enemies Legion’s “Glory of Rome” range. Allof ancient Rome have been unleashed by of them are based on the series ofFirst Legion Ltd. Marcomannic Wars fought in the Danube River region from about A.D. 166 to 180. These 1:30-scale figures combine“Though disciplined Roman troops won many battles,they were unable to completely subjugate the Germans.Perhaps what’s most telling is that after the MarcomannicWars revealed the weakness of Rome’s northern frontier,it deployed 16 of its 33 legions along the Rhine and Danube.”the best of two worlds: artistic Russian “These wars were fought along the “Germandesign work and relatively cost-effective German frontier during the reign of Warrioryet highly skilled Chinese craftsmanship. Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and a fictional Charging”The result is a lively and colorful horde of account of the last battle is depicted (ref. ROM034).barbarian warriors bent on breaching the in the opening sequence of the movieRoman Empire’s northern frontier and `Gladiator.’” First Legion partner Mattbringing it to its knees. Pavone noted. “We feel that Imperial“German Warrior Charging The three-figure vignette  “NobleImperial Roman Vignette” (ref. ROM025) crackles with Germanic(ref. ROM025). close-quarters combat action. Chieftain” (ref. ROM026).44 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

 “Fokker DVII of Oberleutnant “German WarriorHarald Auffarth, Jasta 29” “German Charging With Spear(ref. FW 113). and Quilted Cape” “German Warrior Warrior Kicking (ref. ROM029). Charging With Quilted Cape” Roman” (ref. (ref. ROM035). ROM033). “German Warrior Charging With Ax” (ref. ROM030).  Romans with the lorica segmentata STRIKINGLY POSED “We have tried to keep them realisticare the classic Romans that collectors by providing figures ranging from the poorexpect, so we thought this was as good a First Legion’s Germanic warriors are warriors who would only have had veryplace as any to open the range.” beautifully proportioned and strikingly basic weapons with little to no armor to posed on terrain-covered bases for the noble warriors who would have had This was a period when Rome was crackling man-to-man combat. They are some heavier armor and better weapons,”still mighty and wealthy, but it was painted in connoisseur-style matt finishes Matt related. “We have also given somebeginning to get attacked from all sides. with a high level of detailing and nuanced of them pieces of captured RomanThe Parthian War of A.D. 161 to 166 shading. equipment that they would have picked upended well for Rome, but its soldiers during the course of the wars.”brought home a plague that eventually These historical miniatures reflect howclaimed an estimated 5 million lives. real tribesmen would have worn trousers Please be careful around the photo-This gravely weakened the empire at tied at the ankle, a tunic and/or a cloak, etched blades and don’t get wounded. Thea time when westward migrations by all made of wool. For personal protection, reason why weaponry like the swords looksthe Goths into Central Europe applied some had leather-covered shields made of so realistic is because they are actuallypressure on Germanic tribes and other wood with iron bosses. A light spear, two made of nearly indestructible steel rathernomadic groups. They reacted by shorter javelins and a bronze belt-knife than the pewter usually used by manylaunching raids along Rome’s northern would have been an average warrior’s figure makers.frontier into Gaul and across the standard weapons.Danube. “German Warrior What ensued was barbarian With Ax and Spear”invasions, Roman counterattacks (ref. ROM031).and tribal rebellions that had to besuppressed. Eventually the empire “German Warriorwas able to claim a victory. The Swinging Club”Aurelian Column still standing in (ref. ROM036).Rome commemorates the triumphof the emperor together with his son TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 45Commodus over the Germans. Though disciplined Roman troopswon many battles, they were unableto completely subjugate the Germans.Perhaps what’s most telling is thatafter the Marcomannic Wars revealedthe weakness of Rome’s northernfrontier, it deployed 16 of its 33 legionsalong the Rhine and Danube. TheGermanic tribes may have been heldat bay for the time being, but this wasmerely the prelude to major barbarianinvasions that ultimately dismantled theWestern Roman Empire in the fourthand fifth centuries and led to the sackof Rome.

HARBINGERS OF DOOM “German Warrior “German Warrior With Raised With SeveredThe new releases are highlighted by a Sword” (ref. Roman Head”vignette (ref. ROM025) depicting a ROM032). (ref. ROM037).Germanic warrior charging a legionnairewhile another tribesman has fallen a spear (ref. ROM038) or holding a spear depicting tribes such as the Marcomanniwounded. This superb set sells for £155 and wearing a captured Roman helmet and Quadi, they should also work wellU.K./$179.95 U.S.  (ref. ROM039). Please plan on paying in scenarios covering the entire Roman £60/$64.95 for any of these.     era. Meanwhile Matt has assured that The onslaught also includes a “Noble collectors can look forward to moreGermanic Chieftain” (ref. ROM026) Cost variations are attributable to legionnaires and barbarian harbingers ofwho stands out from the crowd with his the complexity of the spirited figures’ the Roman Empire’s fall.armor and what I would describe as a tall, compositions and detailing, which wouldDacian-style helmet. He costs £55/$59.95 explain why a Germanic standard-bearer “Like most of our ranges, we have bigas do warriors posed charging with an ax (ref. ROM027), a warrior charging with a plans to continue to expand the `Glory(ref. ROM030), brandishing an ax and spear and a quilted cape (ref. ROM029), of Rome’ figure series,” he stated. “It’s and another enemy of Rome in a quilted such a long period of history with so“Please be careful around cape (ref. ROM035) cost £65/$69.95 each. many enemies and changes in look andthe photo-etched blades The cloaks alone are lovely pieces of work. equipment for the Romans that the rangeand don’t get wounded. should continue for years to come.” n The reason why weaponry While these figures may be ideal forlike the swords looks sorealistic is because they areactually made of nearlyindestructible steel ratherthan the pewter usually usedby many figure makers.”spear (ref. ROM031), raising a sword (ref.ROM032), fiercely swinging a club (ref.ROM036), and impaled by a pilum andlying dead (ref. ROM040).  The barbarians also include a hornplayer (ref. ROM028), a nifty fellowposed kicking a foe in the shins or familyjewels (ref. ROM033), a charging guy(ref. ROM034), a trophy-taking warriorholding an unlucky Roman’s severed head(ref. ROM037), and “nobles” with either“Noble GermanWarrior With Spear”(ref. ROM038). “Noble German Warrior With Sword and Roman Helmet” (ref. ROM039). “Dead German Warrior” (ref. ROM040)46 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

Putting History in Your Hands Visit www.wbritaincollectorsclub.com for more informationOrder your W. Britain figures and receive information about the entire W. Britain line from the retailers listedDUTKINS’ The If you are a History W. Britain Dealer,COLLECTABLES Store now’s the time to 1019 West Route 70 Store hours: 101 North Paint Street advertise in: Cherry Hill, NJ 08002 Tuesday – Friday 10 am – 5 pm Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 Saturday 10 am – 4 pm. StOoyLDIER 1-800-LIL ARMY Closed: Sunday & Monday 740-775-7400 (545-2769) Check out our updated website! Contact Sara Vix: Toll Free: 1-866-606-6587 Fax: 856-428-9640 3775 S. 108th St., Greenfield, WI 53228 Email:www.dutkins.com (414)302-1850 [email protected] www.toysoldiershoppe.net [email protected] Maitland ToySoldier Shoppe Canada’s place for Toy Soldiers!108 Victoria Street South, Goderich, The Toymaker of Williamsburg Ontario, Canada N7A 3H9 415 W. Duke of Gloucester Street Tel: (519) 524-6804 Email: [email protected] Merchants Square Williamsburg, Virginia 23185www.toysoldiers.com 800-343-8697 16 makers –  www.toymakerofwilliamsburg.com covering most  Sierra Toy Soldier Company time periods  29 N. Santa Cruz Avenue, Los Gatos, CA 95030 email 3749E. UniversityAv e. Toll Free (866) 869-7653 • International (408) [email protected] DesMoines, IA50317 www.sierratoysoldier.com phone 515-266 -8697 973-627-4961  website  www.greenscollectables.com                  Why not join the largest toy soldier club in the world? WBA1709 are © 2009 FIRST GEAR, INC FIRST GEAR®, design, W. Britain®, and registered trademarks of First Gear, Inc., Peosta, IA

Plastic n Len Cooksey Parade crafts reviews of the latest releases REVIEWS OF THE LATEST PLASTIC RELEASES for collectors of plastic toyAMERICAN CIVIL WAR CAVALRY & INFANTRY soldiers and figures.BY W. BRITAIN“Confederate InfantrySet No. 2, ButternutUniforms” (ref. 52001).Reviewed by: Len Cooksey CAMERON CONNECTION presumably because the company’s current   In fact, these groups of ACW troops in owner doesn’t have access to all the molds. fresh paint schemes mark a revitalization The missing poses are an officer, buglerW. Britain is adding seven new versions of some old soldiers. Sculpted by Ron and chappie waving his carbine.of cavalry and infantry figures to its Cameron, these poses were originallySuper Deetail series to commemorate the introduced in 1971. Available at present are kepi-wearingAmerican Civil War sesquicentennial. figures with a standard, firing a pistol and Cameron was a trained sculptor having brandishing a sword. They are available The toy soldier company’s plastic attended the Camberwell School of Art painted up as sets of either Yankee orheritage dates to the 1950s and the and Crafts in London. His figures appear Rebel troopers. The painting actually looksacquisition of Herald Miniatures. The to have dominated Britains production for very good.latest 1:32-scale figures feature the the next 10 to 12 years or so.sort of matt finishes favored by many Paradoxically, the horses have minimalcontemporary aficionados. However, they Cameron got off to a bit of a rocky start. painting. Instead they have been moldedmark just the latest step in the evolution of His first set for Britains was made up of in horsey colors of plastic such as gray,Deetail plastic figures put on metal bases medieval siege engine attendants that were brown or black. The mounts have far moreto lend weight and improve stability. very scrawny figures, apparently because expression in their faces -- fear, contempt no one had advised the designer to allow and anger -- than do the troopers.   for plastic shrinkage in molding.   Three figures come in the After that little incident, Cameron went CONFEDERATE INFANTRY Confederate cavalry set (ref. 52004). from strength to strength. He consistently Very cleverly the infantry figures can be maintained a very high standard. used to represent either the Union or the Confederacy. Each of the latest sets is The ACW figures largely have been made up of six figures, and there are quite available in some configuration since 1971, legitimately a number of paint schemes with the odd hiatus. that the collector will want to acquire.   Obviously the most recognizable CAVALRY TROOPERS scheme would be Confederate gray. W. Britain’s latest releases include three- However, even this seemingly simple figure sets of Confederate (ref. 52004) 21st-century paint scheme takes up to and Union (ref. 52005) cavalry in special seven different colors: gray, black, gold, packaging. white, flesh, silver and brown. I doubt that Herald would have used so many colors on There were originally six different such fairly simple figures. cavalry figure poses. However, Britains has only chosen to resurrect three this time,48 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE

Green-clad Berdan’s Sharpshooters are part of the crowd found in a new counter pack.The latest Union cavalrytrio (ref. 52005). “Confederate Infantry Set No. 1” (ref. “Union Infantry Set No. 2, Irish Armed with the Sharps New Model of52000) seems to represent soldiers from Brigade” (ref. 52003) is highlighted by the 1859, a skilled marksman from this uniquethe early days of the war. Their uniforms unit’s distinctive green flag. It is festooned regiment could fire 10 rounds per minute,are immaculate and they seem to have no with battle honours underscoring the and purportedly they rarely missed.shortage of equipment. contributions this volunteer regiment Berdan’s Sharpshooters were lavishly made toward preserving the Union. equipped, highly motivated and saw action A nice touch, and one rarely seen these in as many as 65 battles.days, is that these figures have eyebrows, These figures wear standard light bluemoustaches, eyebrows and even a goatee. trousers and dark blue jackets. However, The uniform consisted of a dark greenThese Rebel troops must have also had a the addition of green collars and green coat and cap with a black plume. Bluehairy war as the battle honours on their flag cuffs signify the Irish heritage of these trousers were later changed to green. Theseindicates that they fought at Mechanicsville, soldiers, who would have been recruited in plastic troops represent an innovative andManassas and Harpers Ferry, all in Virginia. New York and Massachusetts. unique paint scheme for Britains, and quite a clever one. “Confederate Infantry Set No. 2, Whether made up of three cavalry orButternut Uniforms” (ref. 52001) is made six foot, each new set retails for about It is nice to see these ACW figures inup of the same poses, but demonstrates £7.50 U.K./$16 U.S. They join some larger production in a new way. It is equally nicehow a change in paint makes a big groups previously made available. to see the World War II Deetail rangedifference. I would categorize these as mid back in production and in the shops. to late-war fighting men. Their clothing  has been colored by vegetable dyes. BERDAN’S SHARPSHOOTERS What would be even better would be to Collectors will have to dig through a new see some completely new plastic figures. The muted colors are made up of browns counter pack with four types of “Special Britains’ last all-new toy figures made upand grays. The Union naval blockade of Infantry” (ref. 52006) to find five different the Robin Hood set introduced in 1996 andthe Confederacy appears to be biting. The figures painted as Union soldiers from withdrawn in 1998. Imagine that -- BritainsSouth did not have the resources to make Berdan’s Sharpshooters. A standard-bearer has made no new plastic toy soldiers in thisdyes that would be color-fast. appears to have been deemed surplus to millennium whilst other new companies are requirements as only five figures in action producing and selling wonderful figures to   poses are available. a growing market. Come on Britains, dipFEDERAL FOOT SOLDIERS your toes in the water and make an effortFederal forces include “Union Infantry Set The 1st and 2nd Sharpshooters were to produce some truly new plastic figures inNo. 1” (ref. 52002). These men are dressed named after their commanding colonel, the 21st century. nin classic uniforms with light blue trousers Hiram Berdan. He was an engineer, world-and dark blue jackets. They fight under the renowned marksman and the inventor of “Union Infantry Setnational flag. This is a nice set. the Berdan rifle and other weaponry. No. 2, Irish Brigade” (ref. 52003).“Union Infantry Set No. 1”(ref. 52002).“Confederate Infantry Set No. 1” about the reviewer(ref. 52000). Len Cooksey is a keen collector of old and new 54-mm toy soldiers. Operating as Ivanhoe Figures, he runs a stall at toy soldier fairs in England, selling his own products and items by various manufacturers.   TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE 49

Painted example of the newAfghanistan set by Ivanhoe Figures.SOVIET WAR IN AFGHANISTAN COMBATANTSBY IVANHOE FIGURESReviewed by: Gordon Nelson financial and/or military support from 6 DIFFERENT POSES    a number of nations, including China, The Ivanhoe Figures can represent Indonesia, Israel, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, combatants over a long period of time. I’m picking up the reins for this review the United Kingdom and the Unitedbecause these items were produced by States.  For example, a prone Afghan fires aPlastic Parade’s very own Len Cooksey, Lee-Enfield rifle dating back to the 1930s.who operates U.K.-based Ivanhoe Figures. Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev was in Another insurgent has a handheld missile power when deployment of the USSR’s launcher. Whether that weapon was We British have had a long history of first forces in Afghanistan began Dec. supplied by the USSR or the USA is not“engagement” with Afghanistan and its 24, 1979. Troop withdrawals wound up apparent. people. Usually this has not been to the Feb. 15, 1989, under the watch of the lastadvantage of either side. In fact, invaders Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.  The guerillas also include a heavyhave had a rough time of it in Afghanistan machine gunner and a man firing an AK-47throughout its history dating back at While it was raging, this seemingly assault rifle. An Afghan figure that I havethe least to Alexander the Great and his interminable and costly conflict was on classified as the “communications officer”Macedonian army, who arrived in the area all the television news programs. It has uses a megaphone to direct his colleaguesin 330 B.C., but only occupied the land been referred to as the “Bear Trap” or the instead of some type of more advancedrelatively briefly. “Soviet Union’s Vietnam War.” Eventually technology that can be detected and tracked.  it led to the collapse of the mighty Soviet So what possessed Ivanhoe Figures to Union in 1991 and the end of the obscene Finally there is a very nice figure of amake an unpainted set of Afghan fighters Iron Curtain.  running Russian. If this soldier has anyand one Russian soldier based on the sense, he’s probably heading back to the20th-century Soviet war in Afghanistan Meanwhile increasing chaos in USSR whilst he still has all his body partswas beyond me at first glance. Len Afghanistan led NATO to take control attached. explained that the real reason these of security in Kabul in 2003. And, asinteresting figures have been produced television broadcaster Alistair Cooke used These figures are hand-cast in resin,was that his sculptor had them “hanging to say, “the rest you know.” which Len says can be a very messy andaround” in his studio and offered them to time-consuming job. Due to the nature ofhim, no doubt at a bargain rate. Afghan kneeling the production process, there may be some firing a heavy air bubbles in the figures, but they are easy   machine gun. to fill prior to painting.  BLOODY HISTORY These 1:32-scale toy figures are based A complete set of six figures sells fora very bloody period in Afghanistan’s £15, including postage, directly fromhistory. As most periods in Afghanistan’s Ivanhoe Figures. nhistory seem to have been bloody, whypick this Cold War one out?  about the reviewer Well between 1979 and 1989, Soviet Londoner Gordon Nelson is a longtimetroops intervened to support the Marxist- toy soldier and model figure collector.Leninist government of the Democratic His hobbies also include bird-watchingRepublic of Afghanistan. India also and gardening. After serving in the Royalaided the Afghan government.  Navy, he rose through the ranks to become a factory manager. Gordon and his wife, The occupiers were opposed Nancy, have five children.by Afghan Mujahideen fightersand “Arab-Afghan” volunteers.The insurgents received unofficial50 TOY SOLDIER & MODEL FIGURE