Kể chuyện danh nhân Việt Nam tập 5 - Danh nhân văn hóa Việt Nam

["B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Gi\u1eef ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u cay nghi\u1ec7t. Tay c\u1ea7m b\u00fat ch\u00ec xanh s\u00f9 s\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng l\u0103m le g\u1ea1ch d\u1ecdc x\u00f3a ngang; M\u1eaft \u0111eo \u0111\u00f4i k\u00ednh tr\u1eafng t\u00f2 m\u00f2, ch\u00ec soi m\u00f3i b\u1edbi l\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ebft. L\u1eddi v\u0103n th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, b\u00e0 ch\u01a1i kh\u0103m v\u1eb7n \u00fd th\u00e0nh queo; S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 che \u0111\u1eady c\u1ea5m ai nh\u00f2m bi\u1ebft. Th\u01a1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p tha th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm, b\u00e0 b\u1ebb h\u00e0nh b\u1ebb t\u1ecfi, kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0m v\u0103n l\u1eafm b\u1eadn ph\u1edd r\u00e2u; B\u00e1o s\u1eafp l\u00ean khu\u00f4n, v\u1eabn ng\u01a1m ng\u1edbp g\u1eddm g\u1eddm, b\u00e0 x\u1ebbn th\u1ee7 x\u1ebbn \u0111u\u00f4i, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u phen l\u1ed9n ti\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1ee9a, b\u00e0 d\u1eabu c\u00f3 tr\u0103m kh\u00f4n, ngh\u00ecn kh\u00e9o nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh sao khi l\u1ee1 khi l\u1ea7m; Kh\u00e9o x\u1ecf xi\u00ean, b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i xoay t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3m tam khoanh, th\u1eeba d\u1ecbp nh\u1eed v\u00e0o tr\u00f2ng v\u00e0o xi\u1ebfc. ... \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1eebng ch\u1eef t\u1eebng c\u00e2u th\u1eadt kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfp c\u1ea7m b\u00fat sao c\u1ef1c nh\u1ee5c, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n qu\u00e1 ch\u1eebng. Mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5. So v\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng, K\u00e9p Tr\u00e0... vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ctruy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ec9 tai\u201d trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb \u201cki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t\u201d; c\u00f2n T\u00fa M\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, do \u0111\u00f3, khi N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00fa M\u1ee1 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u00e1ch\u201d kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n\u201d l\u00e0 S\u1edf Ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t! Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u201cl\u00e1ch\u201d k\u1ef9 qu\u00e1, s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 th\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00ec th\u1ebf T\u00fa M\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng gh\u00ea g\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o. 150","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecdc Voltaire l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i; h\u1ecdc La Bruy\u00e8re l\u1ed1i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1t hay n\u00f3i ch\u1eef, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m sang; h\u1ecdc G.Courteline l\u1ed1i c\u01b0\u1eddi ra ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f3c ra ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi; h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ren\u00e9 Buzelin l\u1ed1i ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; h\u1ecdc La Fontaine l\u1ed1i ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v.v... Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0: \u201cT\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ca dao t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1ed1i \u0103n n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ngay b\u1eb1ng ca dao, t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i pha tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e8o, b\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec7n Ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ed von b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 nho h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean th\u00e2m ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 ngay b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch. Cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u01a1, t\u00f4i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho thu\u1ed9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian. R\u1ed3i h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc v\u0103n c\u00e1c c\u1ee5. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, anh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Anh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe, anh s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec anh bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 n\u00f3 k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D\u00f9 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay ho, cao xa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng khi nghe xong, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u anh n\u00f3i g\u00ec, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i nhai m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c, th\u00ec t\u00f4i coi b\u00e0i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2u, v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 anh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u00fd c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e2u, sao ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f3 tr\u00fac tr\u1eafc, c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f3 l\u00ea th\u00ea, ng\u00f4 ngh\u00ea, \u00fd c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3c nh\u1ea3y th\u1ebf? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd l\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft xe tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng n\u1ecd sang mi\u1ec7ng kia, 151","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. L\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa, c\u1ee7 khoai, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u k\u1ef3, ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o, c\u00e2u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i tho\u1ea1t nghe, anh t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ai ch\u1ea3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ai ch\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng? L\u00e0 v\u00ec anh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3t quen n\u00f3i, tr\u00f3t quen nghe gi\u1ecdng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Anh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 cho anh th\u00f4i. Anh th\u1eed l\u1eafng tai v\u00e0o l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xung quanh anh m\u00e0 xem. V\u1ee3 anh, con anh, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n anh, c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1 tai kh\u00f4ng? Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u, anh ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Anh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eebng cho n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 cha m\u00e1ch qu\u00e9. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 anh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho g\u1ecdn gh\u1ebd, cho trong s\u00e1ng, cho \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7...\u201d. Qua \u201ct\u1ef1 b\u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1, khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i trong th\u00e1p ng\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y 1\/9\/1939, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u00e0n cho chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p - trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb h\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai l\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 vi\u1ebft trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd: \u201cM\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t, anh Tam b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean tr\u00f2 tr\u1ed1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nu\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1i c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 khi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd anh em trong \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, anh c\u0169ng n\u00ean v\u00e0o...\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng T\u00fa M\u1ee1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 4 (ph\u00f2ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n ) \u1edf B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 152","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Khi Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ra, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 quan r\u1ed3i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i l\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n sang c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00fat danh B\u00fat Chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5u. Ng\u00f2i b\u00fat \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm quan l\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... th\u00ec nay \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t qua c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecbch v\u1eadn di\u1ec5n ca (1949), N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (1952), Anh h\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn (1952)... Sau n\u0103m 1954, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a (1958), B\u00fat chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u (1960), \u0110\u00f2n b\u00fat (1962)... Ngo\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 ca, v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ea5u, ch\u00e8o, v\u00e8, tu\u1ed3ng, v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1 ca tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i k\u00fd v.v... Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong \u201cT\u00fa M\u1ee1 to\u00e0n t\u1eadp\u201d v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 3.000 trang in do Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1996. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa M\u1ee1, Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o: \u201cTh\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau ba t\u00ean: H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, trong s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean, c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 Th\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 (1943) 153","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM mua vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1ng canh cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta (ch\u1eef \u201cmua vui\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u00fan c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du) - ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m m\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1eddi, hai th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1, v\u1edbi c\u1ee1 c\u00e2y b\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: th\u1eddi gian mai h\u1eadu c\u00f2n l\u1ecdc kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n ta l\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1eefa; nh\u01b0ng, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, b\u00e1c \u201cT\u00fa r\u1eedng m\u1ee1 \u0111i xe b\u00ecnh b\u1ecbch\u201d, b\u00e1c T\u00fa h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 duy\u00ean, v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng tranh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda cay chua sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169, b\u00e1c T\u00fa kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, d\u1ebbo dai ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9... \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y - NXB T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi - 1978 - trang 272). Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu trong d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1: Tr\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u1ee5 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh \u01a1i! Tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, t\u00e0i \u00f4ng d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa, \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn nh\u1edb, D\u1ea1i kh\u00f4n, hay d\u1edf, ti\u1ebfng \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00fa M\u1ee1 x\u01b0a ng\u00e1n bu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf T\u00fa M\u1ee1 nay vui nh\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi. \u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00eam tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, Nghe ti\u1ebfng \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0169 \u201cd\u1edf h\u01a1i\u201d! V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, \u0111\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ec chi\u1ebft cay \u0111\u1ed9c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ki\u1ec3u c\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta nh\u1ea7m. T\u00fa M\u1ee1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u201cKh\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 hi\u1ec1n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5p tay g\u1ed1i. B\u00e0 T\u00fa m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i thu n\u0103m 1968 v\u00ec tai bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u n\u00e3o, sau m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean suy t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u00d4ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1u (1970) dung d\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u00fa M\u1ee1 m\u1ea5t l\u00fac 13 gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y 13\/7\/1976 t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t - X\u00f4 (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). V\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy t\u1eb7ng Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 154","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng niu c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di c\u1ea3o s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c di c\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 28\/4\/2003 Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 do gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 trao t\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa M\u1ee1 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2003 C\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee5c L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh truy t\u1eb7ng Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cV\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d cho c\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Khu nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m T\u00fa M\u1ee1 \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e1ng - C\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). 155","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u201cS\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba tr\u00fang th\u1ebf\u201d H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1930. N\u1eafng h\u1ea7m h\u1eadp. N\u1eafng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1eeda. M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i t\u00faa r\u00f2ng r\u00f2ng tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t xanh xao v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng tay th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u1eabn c\u1eafm c\u00fai g\u00f5 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1eef c\u0169 r\u00edch. Ch\u00e0ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1u, m\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3nh, m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t m\u00ed, \u0111\u00f4i quai h\u00e0m vu\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee3, vai vu\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c r\u1ec5 tre r\u1ebd l\u1ec7ch, l\u01b0ng h\u01a1i g\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u00e0u da mai m\u00e1i. Ch\u00e0ng \u0111ang so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng v\u0103n cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 in Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng (IDEO) ch\u0103ng? Kh\u00f4ng! Ch\u00e0ng \u0111ang vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. \u0110\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p, ch\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (1912-1939) c\u00fa t\u00e1t \u0111au \u0111i\u1ebfng tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t non cho\u1eb9t. N\u1ed7i t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e0ng v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fat nh\u1eefng c\u0103m h\u1eddn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea3 sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u00faa. Ch\u00e0ng nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng... V\u00e0 trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ch\u1ee3t hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n dong d\u1ecfng cao, mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1i, hai m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 son. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Tr\u1ea7n Nghi\u1ec7p sinh n\u0103m 1908 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Kh\u00fac Th\u1ee7y, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Oai (H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng), con 156","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110o\u00e0n V\u0103n Ba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1ecb Thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0ng B\u1ea1c - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, sau khi h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0ng V\u00f4i, ch\u00e0ng n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n thi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m (s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9, b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i. May m\u1eafn, ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd cho nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n Godard (nay l\u00e0 C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng B\u00e1ch h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p). Tu\u1ed5i 16 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao h\u0103m h\u1edf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft trong veo kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p \u0110o\u00e0n Tr\u1ea7n Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u00e0ng n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. C\u1ea3 hai k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00ednh Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho ch\u00e0ng nghe v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sau nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi anh Nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00e0ng xin v\u00e0o h\u00e3ng IDEO \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, c\u00f2n Nghi\u1ec7p gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 b\u00ed danh l\u00e0 Do\u00e3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 coi kho, l\u00e0m s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n - c\u01a1 quan kinh t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng- m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f9a l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7y k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 do nh\u1ecf con n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ebft t\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 K\u00fd Con. \u1eea th\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7y k\u00fd\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u201cs\u00e1ng v\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111i t\u1ed1i v\u00e1c v\u1ec1\u201d t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta sai g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1eafng oan nh\u1ee5c h\u01a1n con ch\u00f3! Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e0y nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103m th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111ang \u00f9a v\u00e0o trang vi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 h\u00e3ng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1edb gi\u1ea5y ng\u1ed5n ngang tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u0111ang tranh th\u1ee7 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n trong gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng ta ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 vung th\u1eb3ng ba-tong v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang say s\u01b0a th\u1ea3 h\u1ed3n theo v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00e0ng b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ea3y r\u00f2ng r\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. \u0110i\u00ean ti\u1ebft. C\u1ea7m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef n\u00e9m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau ch\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng. 157","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Peter Zinoman - d\u1ea1y khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Berkeley (Hoa K\u1ef3) khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, s\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 27 tu\u1ed5i. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p Balzac c\u00f2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ecdc V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh George Owell. C\u1ea3 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u1eabn Owell (1903 - 1950) \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t-x\u00edt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u Owell g\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin. V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, song \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u00f2i b\u00fat v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c chinh ph\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d (Th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1 22\/10\/2002). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n 27 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9: C\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ng\u01b0\u1eddi, K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y T\u00e2y, C\u01a1m th\u1ea7y c\u01a1m c\u00f4, M\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7n \u0103n T\u1ebft, L\u1ee5c x\u00ec, V\u1ebd nh\u1ecd b\u00f4i h\u1ec1... (ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1); D\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh, L\u1ea5y nhau v\u00ec t\u00ecnh, S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf, V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea, L\u00e0m \u0111\u0129, Tr\u00fang s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc, Qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha... (ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft); Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang, T\u00e0i t\u1eed, Ph\u00e2n bua, T\u1ebft c\u1ee5 c\u1ed1... (k\u1ecbch); \u0110\u1eddi c\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y (k\u00fd s\u1ef1); Gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9... (d\u1ecbch v\u1edf Luccr\u00e8ce Borgia c\u1ee7a V.Huygo) v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v.v... Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Hamlet (W. Shakespeaere), A. Q (L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n), Don Kichotte (M. de Cervantes), T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng Minh (La Qu\u00e1n Trung), Eug\u00e9nie Grandet (Honor\u00e9 de Balzac) v.v... ho\u1eb7c 158","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o (Nam Cao), k\u00e9p T\u01b0 B\u1ec1n (Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Hoan), ch\u1ecb D\u1eadu (Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1)... th\u00ec v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf, Ngh\u1ecb H\u00e1ch, Th\u1ecb M\u1ecbch... m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u201cc\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng\u201d m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t ra: \u201cBi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i! Bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm... n\u00f3i m\u00e3i!\u201d; \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb9 g\u00ec n\u1eefa!\u201d, \u201cV\u00e2ng, v\u00e2ng t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng m\u1ecdc s\u1eebng\u201d v.v... N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf (S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf), t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm, th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb7t banh trong s\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e3 leo v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i! Sau n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1eabn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc: Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf b\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ef1c gi\u1ecfi leo thang \u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb anh b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn b\u00fat (Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea V\u0103n) \u0110\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 Qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u01a1m th\u1ea7y c\u01a1m c\u00f4 C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1eb1ng Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf V\u1eabn ngh\u00eanh ngang cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd (Xu\u00e2n S\u00e1ch) V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u00fang c\u01a1m T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cC\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d qua n\u00e9t l\u00e0 T\u00fd, qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c \u1edf B\u1ea7n Y\u00ean Nh\u00e2n (l\u00e0ng v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 C\u00f4n Sinh (1933) H\u1ea3o), huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 H\u00e0o (nay thu\u1ed9c H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean), nh\u01b0ng sinh ng\u00e0y 20\/10\/1912 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u201cngh\u00e8o gia truy\u1ec1n\u201d, con \u00f4ng V\u0169 V\u0103n L\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Kh\u00e1nh. L\u00fac V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec b\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ho lao, m\u1eb9 g\u00f3a ch\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 24 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa\u201d m\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1eady nu\u00f4i con, nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e2u v\u00e1 thu\u00ea. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u00fac 159","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u1edf ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Gai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng B\u1ea1c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1929, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd b\u00fat danh Thi\u00ean H\u01b0, Ph\u1ee5ng Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1eadt. T\u1edd b\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1edd Ng\u1ecd b\u00e1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n anh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Tam Lang, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00f4i k\u00e9o xe - thi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 in I.D.E.O, \u00f4ng xin v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a b\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y b\u00ean tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00ean t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt l\u00e2u sau, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i do b\u00ea tr\u1ec5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 lo vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. B\u1eb5ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u201cim h\u01a1i l\u1eb7ng ti\u1ebfng\u201d, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n tr\u1eadn b\u00fat. V\u1edbi thi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 C\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ng\u01b0\u1eddi in t\u1eebng k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt t\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tam Lang cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cR\u1ed3i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y T\u00e2y, C\u01a1m th\u1ea7y c\u01a1m c\u00f4 v.v... \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 - m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i v\u0103n do t\u00f4i kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean - \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf t\u00f4i xa l\u1eafm\u201d. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xo\u00e1y m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1eb7n b\u00e3\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? M\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 trang vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i l\u0103n l\u1ed9n v\u00e0o trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf, trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u1ea5t m\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c\u201d v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i r\u1edfm, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Balzac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Balzac. Hai v\u0103n t\u00e0i tuy c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ecdng chua ch\u00e1t, b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc \u1ea5y\u201d (L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0). Trang vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c l\u1eeda c\u0103m h\u1eddn t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m sang, \u0103n ch\u01a1i tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u201cch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3u\u201d; mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb l\u1edbp v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0u manh; m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t m\u00e1nh kho\u00e9 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean... m\u00e0 160","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM trong trang v\u0103n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby chi ti\u1ebft \u201cd\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng\u201d qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y qu\u00e1, \u00f4 u\u1ebf qu\u00e1, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u00e1, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn qu\u00e1! Th\u1ebf th\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u201cV\u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf. Qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, ta th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Lan Khai cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: \u201cT\u00f4i \u1ea5y \u00e0? T\u00f4i s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1ee1 b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng h\u1ecfi vay ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 tai v\u1ea1. Trong ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i gh\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n l\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa...\u201d; \u201cAnh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ai m\u1eddi \u0111i \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa, \u0111i h\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm h\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ngay. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y t\u1eb7ng anh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch; anh t\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i ngay cu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c li\u1ec1n. Anh cho t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi b\u1ec1n. Anh r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eeba b\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, anh s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eaft \u1ea7m l\u00ean, g\u1ecdi anh l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong l\u00e0ng v\u0103n\u201d (Lan Khai). \u201cV\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n nong th\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n minh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u khi h\u1eafn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 x\u00e3 giao h\u1eafn quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3c. Ai ph\u00fang nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn v\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ai m\u1eebng m\u1ed9t chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u, h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u00ean c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 m\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 ai quen Ph\u1ee5ng, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u01a1 s\u01a1, m\u00e0 \u1ed1m, Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m h\u1ecfi\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n); \u201cV\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. Anh th\u1ee7 t\u00edn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd anh ch\u1ecbu sai l\u1eddi h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1o khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t anh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00e8m b\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u1edbn, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf ghi ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft xong v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n mua v\u0103n ph\u1ea9m. Anh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam lo thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ee3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng\u201d (Ng\u1ecdc Giao); \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau, anh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi vay c\u1ee7a ai bao gi\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u00edt ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1edbi ai r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5\u201d (V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng); \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt th\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 161","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 sau, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a anh\u201d (B\u00f9i Huy Ph\u1ed3n)... \u0110\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i th\u1eddi m\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng \u201ckh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi h\u00fat x\u00e1ch, nh\u1eadu nh\u1eb9t th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam su\u1ed1t s\u00e1ng, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh tay ba tay t\u01b0... mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay, c\u00f3 vai di\u1ec5n \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (!) Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t \u201cngh\u1ec7 s\u0129\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd. V\u00ec ngh\u00e8o, ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i b\u00e0, nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i v\u1ee3, con g\u00e1i n\u00ean \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eb1n ti\u1ec7n t\u1eebng xu. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m cu\u1ed1c b\u1ed9; kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0103n nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi ph\u1edf x\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eadu r\u00e1n, b\u00fan ch\u1ea3, b\u00fan bung... C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p thi s\u0129 n\u1ed5i danh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111i mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9c ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Th\u1ec1 non n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng khi v\u1eeba r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh: \u201cM\u1eddi c\u1ee5 x\u01a1i k\u1eb9o l\u1ea1c\u201d th\u00ec T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i: \u201c\u00d4ng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: \u201cD\u1ea1, k\u1eb9o l\u1ea1c va ni. Gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u01a1m l\u1eafm!\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd nh\u00e0 thi s\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e0nh \u0103n b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u1ed9i ngay m\u1ed9t g\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u0103m h\u1edf, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y: \u201cK\u1eb9o l\u1ea1c, \u0103n ra c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ck\u1ec1nh c\u00e0ng\u201d v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 mua khi th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec vi tr\u00f9ng Koor \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7ng n\u00e1t l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng than th\u1edf: \u201cGi\u00e1 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u00edt-t\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i n\u00e0y\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt do \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ea5y 6 xu m\u1ed9t th\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebb s\u1eb5n, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ch\u1ea5m m\u1ef1c xanh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, bao gi\u1edd b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu c\u0169ng ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea1t m\u00e1t, xua mu\u1ed7i cho con trai m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng. \u00d4ng quen v\u1edbi b\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee L\u01b0\u01a1ng - con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1eedu T\u00edch, x\u00e3 Nh\u00e2n M\u1ee5c 162","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM (t\u00ean N\u00f4m l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng M\u1ecdc). M\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam vi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 t\u00ecnh d\u00e0i 5, 6 trang gi\u1ea5y. Hai b\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 l\u1ea7n l\u1eefa m\u00e3i. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1938 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. H\u00f4m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7p h\u1ed3ng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tam Lang \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129: \u201cT\u00f4i lo h\u01a1n m\u1eebng cho anh. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 b\u1ee5ng: m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o r\u00e1o m\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ee7 cung cho m\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1i th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y?\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c. H\u00f4m \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111i d\u1ef1. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u1ebb con trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m nh\u00e0 trai \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang gi\u0103ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u00e0i ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khi\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3n d\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, cho ch\u00fang m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u201cgi\u0103ng d\u00e2y\u201d th\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u1edbi b\u1ecf d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 trai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 g\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb b\u1ecf l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u1ecda trong \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00e0 trai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o... \u0110\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi xong, b\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u1edf ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng B\u1ea1c. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con g\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean V\u0169 M\u00ee H\u1eb1ng. Do l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gh\u00ea g\u1edbm n\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sa s\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhanh, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb lao, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, \u0111au s\u01b0\u1eddn, h\u00e2m h\u1ea5p s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t xanh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft m\u00e1u. Sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n L\u00ea V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNh\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ea s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ee7 \u201cb\u00fap-ph\u00ea\u201d, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a anh V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, d\u1ef1ng sau m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfc \u201cb\u00fap-ph\u00ea\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ee7 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n s\u00e1ch, di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng th\u00fang m\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i v\u1ea1i k\u00ea li\u1ec1n ngay c\u1eeda ra \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n\u201d. Theo nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd cho \u00f4ng x\u1ea5u s\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i may c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u201d v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ri\u00eang \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean v\u0103n s\u0129\u201d. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ta th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m. 163","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Khi vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 v\u0103n chuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Tam Lang, Tr\u1ecdng Lang, Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7m b\u00fat c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 sau khi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1m v\u1edbi v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tung ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bi h\u00e0i, h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ai kh\u00e1c. Trong L\u1ee5c x\u00ec, \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n m\u00e3i d\u00e2m, n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u1ed7i t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169; C\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e c\u1edd gian b\u1ea1c l\u1eadn; V\u1ebd nh\u1ecd b\u00f4i h\u1ec1, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o k\u00e9p; H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng 1934, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, phu khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v.v... S\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong l\u00e0 \u201c\u00d4ng vua ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc\u201d. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan cho r\u1eb1ng, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, sau \u00f4ng luy\u1ec7n n\u00f3 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i gi\u1ecdng ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh V\u0103n T\u00e2n c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft (ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1): m\u1ed9t \u00f3c quan s\u00e1t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c mau l\u1eb9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ecda t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhanh nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i n\u00e9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o b\u1ea1o tay. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n phim v\u1eeba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201cngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d. V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e1o nh\u00e1o, h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u1eafm l\u00fac 164","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n hay tranh c\u00e3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201csao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng!\u201d, \u201cch\u1ee9 sao?\u201d, \u201cth\u00ec th\u00f4i?! v.v... m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 vui. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng: \u0102n n\u00f3i h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch v\u00ed von b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd m\u00e0 \u00e1c, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng minh, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean\u201d. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta th\u1ea5y b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft cay \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp thu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng folklore Vi\u1ec7t Nam, bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, th\u1ec3 thao vui v\u1ebb tr\u1ebb trung, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u00c2u h\u00f3a... c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2002) c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: \u201c\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00e2m gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, khi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111a thanh, \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Song \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, v\u1eeba h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n nhi\u1ec1u cung b\u1eadc, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t phi l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm \u0111\u1ebfn hoang mang, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u1edbi logic th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n logic, ph\u1ea3n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1i b\u1ec1 b\u1ed9n h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00e2n m\u1eadt b\u00f4ng l\u01a1n su\u1ed3ng s\u00e3, l\u00fac gay g\u1eaft quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, l\u00fac ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, l\u00fac h\u1ed3i sinh, l\u00fac \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, l\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1eef, t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, ch\u1eef v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1eef, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eef g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t 165","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d (tr. 189 - 190) So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft D\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh, L\u1ea5y nhau v\u00ec t\u00ecnh, V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea, L\u00e0m \u0111\u0129, Tr\u00fang s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc, Qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha... th\u00ec S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t k\u00ea h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ghi nh\u1eadn: \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng M\u1ea1nh); \u201ccu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gh\u00ea g\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vinh d\u1ef1 cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i); \u201cl\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ai theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng); \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i\u201d (Ho\u00e0ng Thi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n) v.v... Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung, ta th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00fac Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u00e0ng thi s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111i sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o: \u201cC\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi s\u0129 khi\u1ebfn Tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i: - Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng, h\u1edf anh? \u1ea4y anh ch\u00e0ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng nay r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y. Anh ch\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m kia ch\u1ee9! Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng h\u1ecfi d\u1ed3n: - C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng? - Th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m n\u1eefa? Trong \u00f3c Xu\u00e2n l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea1y qua. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ng\u00e2m th\u01a1 th\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 nh\u1edb ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0u l\u00e0u m\u1ea5y n\u0103m x\u01b0a khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 b\u00e1n n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng thanh cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c. N\u00f3 b\u00e8n b\u1ea3o Tuy\u1ebft: - Em mu\u1ed1n anh \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 cho g\u00e3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? Tuy\u1ebft v\u1ed7 tay reo: - N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f2n danh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng! Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf b\u00e8n ch\u1eafp tay sau l\u01b0ng, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 thi s\u0129, ng\u00e2m nga r\u1ea5t d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c: 166","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u00f9 gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3, d\u00f9 \u1ea5u nhi, S\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n, n\u1eafng gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 - bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u? Sinh ra c\u1ea3m, s\u1ed1t nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, Da kh\u00f4 m\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng, \u00e2u s\u1ea7u, \u1ee7 \u00ea... \u0110\u00eam ng\u00e0y n\u00f3i s\u1ea3ng, n\u00f3i m\u00ea... Ch\u00e2n tay m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f3 b\u1ec1 y\u00ean vui. V\u1eady xin m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi: \u201cNh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m\u201d li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ngay! Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0u l\u00e0u n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u1ed9i xua ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0ng: - Xin l\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i! Th\u1ebf th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho b\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n... t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c! V\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ed1i tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang th\u00ec m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i xong, nh\u00e0... thi s\u0129 \u1ea5y c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n ch\u00e0o Xu\u00e2n r\u1ed3i chu\u1ed3n m\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1eefng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n. Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Tuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen: - Gi\u1eddi \u01a1i, anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i! Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1eadt tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang l\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec T\u00fa M\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 th\u01a1 anh sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9i thu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf? Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ra sao, Xu\u00e2n b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i: - \u0110\u1ed1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y. Tuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: - \u00c0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i! T\u1ea1i anh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c n\u00ean th\u01a1 anh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec? Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1c - t\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5y!\u201d L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in t\u1eebng k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u00e1o t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 40 ng\u00e0y 7\/10\/1936, hai n\u0103m sau, NXB L\u00ea C\u01b0\u1eddng in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch. Trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n xu\u00f4i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc (NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc - 2001), nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Mai H\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u201cXu\u00e2n (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf) - nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng v\u1ea1 v\u1eadt kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ea1 l\u01b0u\u201d (tr\u00e8o me, tr\u00e8o s\u1ea5u, b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 xa, nh\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea1y c\u1edd r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua thu\u1ed1c 167","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u1eadu...). \u0110ang l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nh\u1eb7t banh cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n th\u1ec3 thao, Xu\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec \u201cb\u1ecb b\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 tang nh\u00ecn tr\u1ed9m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u00fac c\u00f4 thay v\u00e1y\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan - m\u1ed9t me T\u00e2y g\u00f3a d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf hi\u1ec7u \u00c2u h\u00f3a, chuy\u00ean may c\u00e1c m\u1ed1t y ph\u1ee5c \u201cph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u00c2u h\u00f3a\u201d, c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng V\u0103n Minh, ch\u00e1u b\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan. S\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ec3 thao, b\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e1 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y s\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t. Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t cho b\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 V\u0103n Minh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Xu\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u len nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u. B\u00eca H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u00e1o kh\u1edfi \u0111\u0103ng \u201cS\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d Nh\u1edd v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng ngh\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ea1 l\u01b0u\u201d qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o thu\u1ed1c l\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0103n Minh l\u1ee1 l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c\u201d, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ebft - \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u - Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh V\u0103n Minh n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u01b0u manh, Xu\u00e2n nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed1c t\u1edd Xu\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ec7m may \u00c2u h\u00f3a\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 thi s\u0129\u201d, \u201cgi\u00e1o s\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t\u201d. H\u1eafn gia nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u: \u0110\u1ed1c t\u1edd Tr\u1ef1c Ng\u00f4n, nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00f4-d\u00e9p Thi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng Ph\u00e1n d\u00e2y th\u00e9p m\u1ecdc s\u1eebng, h\u1ecda s\u0129 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o T\u00edp-ph\u1edd-n\u1edd, gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan, c\u1ee5 Ph\u00f3 H\u1ed3ng danh gi\u00e1... C\u00f4 Tuy\u1ebft - con g\u00e1i c\u1ee5 c\u1ed1 H\u1ed3ng, em g\u00e1i \u00f4ng V\u0103n Minh - k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u00f2ng y\u00eau Xu\u00e2n, r\u1ee7 h\u1eafn thu\u00ea ph\u00f2ng \u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n B\u1ed3ng Lai v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eafn \u201ch\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi con g\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110oan \u201cdanh gi\u00e1\u201d kh\u00e1t khao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eafn \u201cl\u00e0m t\u00ecnh\u201d. B\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1eddi h\u1eafn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1eadu 168","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u201ccon gi\u1eddi, con ph\u1eadt\u201d qu\u00fd t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. S\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ph\u00fa m\u1eddi h\u1eafn l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho b\u00e1o G\u00f5 m\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Hai nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Min-\u0110\u01a1, Min-Toa t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c h\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u201cMe s\u1eeb Xu\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t, c\u00e1i hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\u201d... C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i Xu\u00e2n c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c, n\u1ec3 s\u1ee3. Duy c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng V\u0103n Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh lai l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u201ch\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng m\u1eafc quai\u201d, \u0111\u00e0nh nu\u1ed1t h\u1eadn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1eafn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i nh\u0169n v\u1edbi h\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd cho h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbt v\u00e1t ch\u00fat s\u0129 di\u1ec7n cho gia th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea3 Tuy\u1ebft - c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Minh \u0111\u00e3 mang tai ti\u1ebfng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1edbi Xu\u00e2n- cho h\u1eafn. V\u0103n Minh bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00e0i t\u1eed qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t tham gia d\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch trong d\u1ecbp vua Xi\u00eam sang th\u0103m B\u1eafc K\u1ef3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y Xu\u00e2n \u201c\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb to t\u00e1t trong \u0111\u00e1m nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u\u201d. C\u1ee5 c\u1ed1 H\u1ed3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u1ea3 Tuy\u1ebft cho Xu\u00e2n. V\u1ecb h\u00f4n phu c\u1ee7a Tuy\u1ebft bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00e0n m\u01b0u t\u00ednh k\u1ebf h\u1ea1i h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng may nghe l\u1ecfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0u v\u1eb7t, Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda sang cho hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn - hai nh\u00e0 qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5c. D\u1ecbp may hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong khi hai nh\u00e0 qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00e0 giam, Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho H\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i danh d\u1ef1 cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Xi\u00eam\u201d, tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai \u0111\u1ee9c vua Xi\u00eam - Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang H\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111ang h\u1ed3i gay c\u1ea5n, Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng cho nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Xi\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u00f2a kh\u00ed hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh cho d\u00e2n, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00fai x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u00f4ng m\u00e1u. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1, Xu\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean mui xe, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111\u00e1m \u201cqu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i\u201d v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u00f2ng hy sinh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u201cx\u1ea3 th\u00e2n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb danh v\u1ecdng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cg\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh vinh quang. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u manh h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u0129 nh\u00e2n\u201d, anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019\u201d. H\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2n th\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u B\u1ed9i tinh; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i Khai tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1eddi v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i; th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng ghi v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. Xu\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Tuy\u1ebft, ch\u00e0ng r\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 C\u1ed1 H\u1ed3ng danh gi\u00e1. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c, phi l\u00fd, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch s\u00e2u cay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i, 169","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng, v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u00c2u h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i phong tr\u00e0o \u201c\u00c2u h\u00f3a\u201d, \u201cth\u1ec3 thao\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n\u201d, d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d, \u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d, \u201cc\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecbp b\u1ee3m: \u00c2u h\u00f3a b\u1ecbp, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch b\u1ecbp, khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecbp, th\u1ec3 thao b\u1ecbp, tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 v\u0129 nh\u00e2n anh h\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecbp... Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecbp v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n T\u00f3c \u0110\u1ecf. V\u1edbi S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ch\u00e2n dung k\u00fd h\u1ecda, bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, c\u00e1ch v\u00ed von so s\u00e1nh, c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng, l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u0103n xu\u00f4i Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang\u201d (tr.341- 343). B\u00eca t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh S\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (2000) n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn c\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111au t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1u b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam nguy k\u1ecbch. S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm h\u00f4m sau, \u00f4ng cho g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00ean nh\u00e0 th\u0103m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 170","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong \u0111\u00eam v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u00fac th\u01b0. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au ph\u1ed5i, v\u1eabn s\u1ed1t h\u00e2m h\u1ea5p, ho ra \u0111\u1eddm \u0111\u1eb7c. T\u1eeb m\u1ea5y b\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn. Ho c\u0169ng \u0111au, n\u00f3i c\u0169ng \u0111au, h\u1ec5 h\u01a1i tr\u1edf m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u1edf trong s\u01b0\u1eddn, nghe c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f3c \u00e1ch. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau Th\u1ee7 b\u00fat V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng - trang cu\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ch hai tay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea (1936) c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c. Sau khi coi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i k\u00ea cho \u00f4ng b\u00e0i \u201cNh\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n thang\u201d h\u1ee3p b\u00e0i \u201cNung thang\u201d gia m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1ng \u00fd d\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u1eb7n \u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hai thang. S\u00e1ng mai, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i l\u00ean th\u0103m, \u00f4ng khoe v\u1edbi t\u00f4i b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u01a1n \u1ea5y, tuy th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau, \u00f4ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u00f4i \u1edf b\u00e1o Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5. \u0110au ng\u1ef1c, \u0111au s\u01b0\u1eddn, ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f3c \u00e1ch, kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1i s\u1ed1t h\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn xanh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft m\u00e1u. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft trong v\u00e0i b\u1eefa n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 Tam \u0110\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00f9 h\u00e3m c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au ph\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nghe. L\u00ean Tam \u0110\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1, v\u00ec ho nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hai \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch g\u00ec h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam b\u1edbt hai b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c c\u0169 171","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ec1n Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh - ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (2003) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng xen v\u1edbi b\u00e0i \u201cNh\u00e2n s\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vinh\u201d b\u1ecf qu\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ef3. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u, u\u1ed1ng n\u0103m thang thu\u1ed1c, b\u1ec7nh tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, hai ch\u00e2n v\u1eabn b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n tr\u00fat tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u00f4i, n\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: - B\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: - Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? T\u00f4i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u00f4ng. Th\u1eadt ra, b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f2n ai d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng? T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n than th\u1edf v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a r\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng tin t\u00f4i, cho n\u00ean trong hai th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi th\u00f4i thu\u1ed1c ta u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn cho l\u1eddi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Nghe n\u00f3i m\u1ea5y b\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y l\u00e2m chung, \u00f4ng mong t\u00f4i l\u1eafm. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft mong \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, hay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch t\u00f4i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. 172","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i lo ngh\u00e8o, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i lo ch\u1ebft.\u201d V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ea5t l\u00fac 13 gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y 13\/10\/1939 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 s\u1ed1 73 Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 S\u1edf (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ni\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc trong gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tao \u0110\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 xe tang l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a trang Qu\u1ea3ng Thi\u1ec7n \u1edf khu Thanh Xu\u00e2n. Ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb vang l\u00ean n\u1ee9c n\u1edf, c\u00f2n con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee H\u1eb1ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc huy\u1ec7t \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u1ef9... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u1ed3n vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nh\u1edb: \u201cC\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a kh\u00e9o gi\u0103ng chi, qua \u201cGi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1\u201d t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam \u201cS\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d; S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba tr\u00fang th\u1ebf, b\u1ed7ng \u201cD\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh\u201d \u201cKh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang\u201d! B\u00e0n th\u1edd V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m (2003) 173","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Th\u00e1ng 10\/1995, Nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (s\u1ed1 5, t\u1ed5 2, x\u00f3m Gi\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t, ph\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh, qu\u1eadn Thanh Xu\u00e2n-H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho b\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee H\u1eb1ng, con g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, trong th\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gia \u0111\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, trong ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 7\/1996, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u1edf ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ph\u1ed1 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o M\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (1956) 174","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u1ed9t n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1edf tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ea7u... ngh\u0129 cho c\u00f9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ecd. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u00e1m, ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Trang T\u1eed m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o B\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 y\u1ec3u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb con ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd hay y\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ed1ng \u00edt, n\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng \u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbt \u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u00fa s\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 xem, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng b\u00fa s\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbt \u00e9p ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 di t\u00edch? \u00d4ng Ph\u1ee5ng tuy ch\u1ebft, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi mai sau. Th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ecd\u201d. Sau khi ch\u1ed3ng m\u1ea5t, b\u00e0 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1eabn \u1edf v\u1eady b\u00e0, nu\u00f4i con v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 b\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m n\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 con g\u00e1i V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee H\u1eb1ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sung s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng L\u00fd H\u1ea3i Ch\u00e2u - nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u00e0 v\u0103n 175","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh qua n\u00e9t v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Lan Khai (1939) V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u00e3i l\u1eddi than th\u1edf c\u1ee7a anh Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea V\u0103n: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9? Ai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, g\u1ecdt m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e3i, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4\u201d (50 n\u0103m Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tr. 352). T\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh in l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp cho nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1eeb T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n, Th\u1ebf L\u1eef... \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i v.v... m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cth\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea. May m\u1eafn, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ra k\u1ecbp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng. Ng\u00e0y 13\/10\/1982, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00e0 V\u0169 M\u00ee H\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng niu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7t V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u01a1 b\u1ed1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft gi\u00e0n gi\u1ee5a: - B\u1ed1 \u01a1i! B\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i! 176","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c B\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean v\u00f2m tre. C\u1eadu D\u00f3ng n\u1eb1m \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng, nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u1eddi xa t\u00edt, c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e2m tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00e3 tinh ngh\u1ecbch n\u00e9m l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c, c\u1eadu c\u1ea5t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu v\u1eabn qu\u1ea1t cho con b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t mo cau v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ec3 n\u1ed1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n in m\u00e3i trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, D\u00f3ng th\u00edch l\u1eafm v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u1eadu nghe... V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean lao Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n tr\u1eadn b\u00fat, c\u1eadu s\u1ebd tr\u1edf (1915-1984) th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch hay nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam - b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 Gi\u00f3ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e3 \u00cdch H\u1eadu, huy\u1ec7n Can L\u1ed9c (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh)... Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 177","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM sau n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi sinh ng\u00e0y 6\/1\/1915 t\u1ea1i Phan Thi\u1ebft, d\u00f9 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. V\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi (1870-1935), hi\u1ec7u M\u1ed9ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eadu \u0110\u1ea7u x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 tham gia phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n, b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Phan Thi\u1ebft. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty Li\u00ean Th\u00e0nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo l\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft giam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con trai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Di\u00ean (1875-1948) - m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Th\u00e1m hoa Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Giai. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1906, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi thi \u0111\u1eadu T\u00fa t\u00e0i, chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1918 chuy\u1ec3n ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i ra Vinh. \u0110i theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cha n\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha d\u1ea1y cho ch\u1eef H\u00e1n - N\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vinh, \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi thi \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p- Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac giao th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam ch\u1eef H\u00e1n - N\u00f4m cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u201c\u00d4ng ngh\u00e8, \u00f4ng t\u00fa c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m co\u201d (T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ch\u00ednh \u201cch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. N\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha cho theo h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc L\u00ea V\u0103n \u1edf Vinh, tr\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 \u0110o\u00e0n Danh Tr\u00ec - m\u1ed9t nho s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u201c\u0103n ch\u01b0a no lo ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u201cKho s\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb\u201d nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp nh\u01b0: Ch\u00ed qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft, M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ee3p tan, T\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, T\u00e0i tr\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, V\u01b0\u1eddn xu\u00e2n b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb... Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do M\u1ed9ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 trai xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng \u1edf Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi khi c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng chan h\u00f2a nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft bao b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n 178","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0110o\u00e0n Danh Tr\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft th\u00fa v\u1ecb: \u201cM\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u (11 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh vui v\u1ebb, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u00f3m anh em \u1edf tr\u1ecd, c\u1eadu Gi\u00f3ng (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. T\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u01a1i c\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec1n, c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn. M\u1edbi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i khi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1, c\u00f3 g\u00ec hay l\u00e0 c\u1eadu k\u1ec3 cho anh em v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng nghe, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac \u0103n c\u01a1m bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a, bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt hay ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ee7 nhau ra d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ed5i c\u1ea1nh b\u1edd ao \u1edf g\u00f3c v\u01b0\u1eddn, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea7u. Khi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, nghe c\u1eadu Gi\u00f3ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec3 v\u00e8 gh\u1eb9o nhau l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee1 b\u1ee5ng\u201d; ho\u1eb7c \u201cC\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u sau khi \u0111i l\u00e0m hay \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ee7 nhau ra b\u1edd ao, xem c\u1eadu Gi\u00f3ng t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f5. R\u1ed3i c\u1eadu r\u1ee7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch ai \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang c\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1eafng, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra l\u00e0 thua\u201d. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng ham h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y. \u0110ang h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi cao h\u1ee9ng theo anh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kinh Chi - y s\u0129 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean Kom Tum s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar, Djarai. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi anh trai m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m M\u1ecdi Kum Tom v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1937. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n anh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p - b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p \u0111ang ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch kho s\u00e1ch H\u00e1n N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 (EFEO) - \u0111\u00e3 khen ng\u1ee3i quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trong Khai Tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eadp san (s\u1ed1 1) l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00e1i c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch: th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd cho s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta\u201d. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vinh, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp h\u1ec7 trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00ea V\u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1n d\u00e2n (Vinh), Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n)... c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea7n Ai, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n Y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, 179","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. Sau khi thi \u0111\u1eadu Th\u00e0nh chung, n\u0103m 1936, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kho s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp M\u1ed9ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 trai - m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tri th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7t c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh tr\u00f4ng ra v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 sen, \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m m\u00e1i hi\u00ean, tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch dang m\u1edf ra, c\u00f3 ghi c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi: \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng ta ng\u00f3 l\u00ean, \u0103n m\u1eb7c ta nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng\u201d, v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n b\u00fat giao nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, kho s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u00edt cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng T\u00fap l\u1ec1u n\u00e1t - t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ckhai h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn m\u1eadt th\u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1eddi\u201d \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0ng Chi - t\u1eebng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong huy\u1ec7n tham gia cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng s\u01b0u thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p t\u1eed h\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1908! Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u0103m d\u1ecda, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1p: - N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m g\u00ec. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ti\u1ebfng D\u00e2n m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Nam tri\u1ec1u \u0111ang cho ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp x\u1ee9 Trung k\u1ef3. C\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i n\u1ebfm c\u01a1m t\u00f9 C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2u! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft b\u1ebb g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0nh th\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u1ec1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n trong T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n (Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1), B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng (Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Hoan), V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea (V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng)... T\u00fap l\u1ec1u n\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111anh th\u00e9p nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi tham gia v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, Nguy\u1ec5n 180","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o \u0110o\u00e0n Thanh ni\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n sinh quan \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, khi m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u201cT\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gaulois\u201d, th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 25 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 in v\u00e0o n\u0103m 27 tu\u1ed5i! N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi Thi nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Ho\u00e0i Thanh - Ho\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n), Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh), Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan)... v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi b\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u00fac c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb? Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9... \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u00fa h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ee3i, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00e0 181","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb T\u1ecbnh - con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 \u0110o\u00e0n Danh Tr\u00ec, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng quen bi\u1ebft l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Phan Huy Ch\u00fa (1782-1840) khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u00fai, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 chung quanh v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7 du h\u00ed, vui ch\u01a1i th\u00ec t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec7 b\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t, tay r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1eafc thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec nay, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi... t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ecdc! \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m m\u00f2 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 m\u1edbi y\u00ean t\u00e2m ng\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc\u201d. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng: \u201cS\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi Nhu\u1eadn H\u1ed3. C\u00e1i t\u00ean s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ecf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn, tr\u00f4ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y tuy ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u00edch, tuy ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy mao c\u1ea7u t\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu, tra c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e2n minh; m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 chua r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ra Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o h\u1ed3 nghi, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u1eadp m\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u00f5. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tra c\u1ee9u tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ra\u201d. S\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u1eadt d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Sau Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i Alexandre de Rhodes t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n H\u00e1t d\u1eb7m Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, d\u1ecbch chung v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ee3i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c k\u00fd v\u0103n... T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb -x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Minh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 182","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00ec h\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft\u201d (Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean), Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Chung Anh, \u0110\u1eb7ng Gi\u00e1, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0ng Chi, L\u00ea Vi\u1ebft Qu\u00e2n... th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o Kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Sau ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp Kho s\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 in c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i... \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng thanh xu\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 70, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: L\u1eadp \u201cT\u1eadp ph\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1eddng\u201dkhi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i x\u00f4n xao Ch\u00e2n non H\u1ed3ng nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp d\u0103m b\u1ea3y b\u1ea1n anh h\u00e0o D\u1eabn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang d\u00e1m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Can L\u1ed9c C\u1edd \u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sao v\u00e0ng tung bay s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfng reo h\u00f2 h\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee5c non s\u00f4ng Khi T\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, khi \u0110\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u, khi Kinh t\u00e0i, khi Li\u00ean vi\u1ec7t, khi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n... C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c linh tinh bu\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u1eadp d\u1ed3n \u0110em nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u0169ng lo tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 8\/1947, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng th\u00eanh thang b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1n l\u1ed9. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1954, do sai l\u1ea7m trong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng b\u1ecb quy nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y. Trong su\u1ed1t ch\u00edn n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng giao ph\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh \u201c\u0110\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3\u201d d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng - m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u1edf Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn son s\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi cha m\u00ecnh - c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch 183","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. Con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u201cK\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Ban V\u0103n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba (1953), con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc trong 30 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn l\u00fac l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tay b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, n\u00ean n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0o. Trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111inh ninh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng qu\u00fd h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3... Duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u0103n d\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0n anh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u - Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban V\u0103n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1954-1955, l\u00fac \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ra c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf Ban V\u0103n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba. Sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a c\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ghi nh\u1edb. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 18 H\u00e0n Thuy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u00e1ch 4 con c\u00f2n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o chung s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! V\u00ec v\u1eady sau khi suy ngh\u0129, b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 \u1edf 18 H\u00e0n Thuy\u00ean, \u0111em gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u1edf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00ecnh An C\u01b0, x\u00f3m Thanh Nh\u00e0n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u00e0i anh em sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang tr\u1ecd nh\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1eadu r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, cho c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng \u1edf, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed7i c\u0103n nh\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 d\u1ed9t n\u00e1t, ban ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn sinh ho\u1ea1t trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i gi\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea5m ni l\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 \u00edt l\u00e2u sau \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec thu\u1edf \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u00f4ng cho m\u1eddi b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng \u00f4ng \u1edf 16 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa. Sau khi tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng r\u00fat m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng trong t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra cho b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n T\u00fap l\u1ec1u n\u00e1t do b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1937 m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 20 n\u0103m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a s\u00e1ch cho b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng: \u201cXin t\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i 184","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM anh \u201ct\u00fap l\u1ec1u\u201d qu\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 anh t\u1ea1m y\u00ean l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u00fap l\u1ec1u d\u1ed9t n\u00e1t m\u00e0 anh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tri ng\u1ed9. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1i n\u01a1i t\u0103m t\u1ed1i \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn... 9 n\u0103m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau ca ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n\u201d. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam y\u00eau qu\u00fd t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi th\u1eddi vi\u1ebft Kho t\u00e0ng truy\u1ec7n Chi. V\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tri c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Kho t\u00e0ng truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam (5 t\u1eadp), \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956, sau khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n L\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t trong v\u00f2ng 25 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958-1982) v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 200 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam (ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o d\u1ecb), \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt; 2. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t; 3. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u v\u00ed; 4. Th\u00f4ng minh, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; 5. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n anh h\u00f9ng; 6. Truy\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n x\u1eed; 7. truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean, ma qu\u1ef7, ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p; 8. \u0110\u1ec1n \u01a1n tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n; 9. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5; 10. Truy\u1ec7n vui t\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00ed d\u1ecfm. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau 185","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o d\u1ecb qua t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec3u d\u1ecb qua m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3. S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c - \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 GSTS Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Qu\u00fd - Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m KHXH v\u00e0 NV qu\u1ed1c gia - \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, H\u00e1n N\u00f4m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Folklore h\u1ecdc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u, anh c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, g\u1ee3i m\u1edf, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau mu\u1ed1n n\u1ed1i ch\u00ed Anh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh Anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao Kho t\u00e0ng truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam... \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Di ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 n\u00fai \u0110\u1ecd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1955 - 1977 \u1edf trong Ban V\u0103n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc V\u0103n T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cN\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a GS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p, Hoa B\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00fac Tr\u00e2m... c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch d\u1eabn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Folklore h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1944, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n H\u00e1t d\u1eb7m Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh (t\u1eadp 1) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fang 22 n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ninh Vi\u1ebft Giao so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp 2. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng so\u1ea1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u1edf \u00cdch H\u1eadu, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969 g\u1ed3m 4 t\u1eadp. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u00f5 V\u0103n Tr\u1ef1c, 186","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh V\u00e8 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh (hai t\u1eadp). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u00e0 V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, Ninh Vi\u1ebft Giao, Nguy\u1ec5n Du Chi... Trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y - kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn 19x27, d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 500 trang - \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n D\u1eabn lu\u1eadn, Tri th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n gian, M\u00f3n \u0103n, K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. Ri\u00eang trong ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t hay, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7. Ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thong dong, \u0111\u1eb1m th\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, do khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ec9 xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 xanh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 ra sao? \u201c\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c, r\u1ea5t ch\u00e1t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e8 c\u1ed1t hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u: \u201cKh\u0103m (c\u1eafm) \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 (ng\u00e3)\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i chung, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng sau b\u1eeda \u0103n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u: \u201cC\u01a1m s\u1ed1t, canh s\u1ed1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 c\u1ed1t m\u1edbi n\u1ea5u\u201d, hay l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ee9a, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u: \u201cCh\u00e8 ngon, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t xin m\u1eddi\/ N\u01b0\u1edbc non non n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb qu\u00ean\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng ch\u00e8 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch b\u1eefa \u0103n. Ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c u\u1ed1ng ch\u00e8 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 nho nh\u1ecf: nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 nghi\u1ec7n ch\u00e8 xanh \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 ai n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00fac ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1t (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u00e1t \u0103n c\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ed9 \u00bc l\u00edt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e0n hay \u0111\u1ecdi n\u1ea1y) \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u00e2m nan, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 (ho\u1eb7c cho v\u1ee3 con) \u0111i \u201c\u1edbi\u201d l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n d\u0103m b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh nh\u00e0, t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c. H\u1ecd ng\u1ed3i ch\u00f5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f2n (gh\u1ebf th\u1ea5p) chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u0103n, chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 trong l\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3. C\u00f3 khi u\u1ed1ng l\u00fac r\u00e3nh r\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00eam khuya h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n N\u00f4m hay tho\u1ea1i ch\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m v\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 m\u1edbi mua vui. Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e1n ch\u00ea, \u0111\u1ee3i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed9i m\u1edbi u\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i n\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t \u201cr\u1ed9p ch\u00e8\u201d c\u1ea3 c\u00e0nh l\u1eabn 187","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho n\u1ea5u c\u1ea3 c\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ngon. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3i b\u1ee5ng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 say nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec1n th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u00f2n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 thay c\u01a1m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01a1m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0103n \u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 c\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn u\u1ed1ng ch\u00e8 xanh l\u00e0m kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00edt b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. \u201cSau khi c\u1ea1n n\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 c\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e8 gi\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u sau b\u1eefa \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea c\u00f3 ch\u00e8 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ngon nh\u01b0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9c (Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0), Gi\u0103ng, Minh S\u01a1n (Thanh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng) Gay (Anh S\u01a1n), H\u1ed3ng Y\u1ebfn (Can L\u1ed9c) v.v... \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp t\u1ec9nh\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi am t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 xanh \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng ngh\u0129a x\u00f3m qua b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e8 xanh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung. B\u1ec1n b\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat xao nh\u00e3ng, sau n\u0103m 1975, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf Ban s\u1eed - kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m. Hai c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch H\u00e1n N\u00f4m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean b\u1ed9 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, tr\u00e1i tim v\u1ecb tha v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20\/12\/1984 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i sau m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, cho d\u00f9 trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u201cH\u00e3y c\u00f2n dan d\u00edu b\u00fat nghi\u00ean\u201d. GSTS Ph\u1ea1m Huy Th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban tang l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cGS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Anh ham m\u00ea t\u00ecm t\u00f2i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong khoa h\u1ecdc. Anh tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00f2i b\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a GS. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 188","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Anh n\u00eau m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ong g\u00f3p t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt m\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp g\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. N\u0103m 1996, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trao Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (\u0111\u1ee3t I) g\u1ed3m 77 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0nh V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan, Cao Huy \u0110\u1ec9nh. 189","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nam Cao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o \u0111\u1ea5y h\u1edf? L\u00e8 b\u00e8 v\u1eeba v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kho. R\u1ed3i n\u00e9m b\u1eb9t n\u0103m h\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o: - C\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00fat \u0111i cho r\u1ea3nh. R\u1ed3i l\u00e0m \u0103n ch\u1ee9 c\u1ee9 b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e3i \u00e0? H\u1eafn tr\u1ee3n m\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t cu: - Tao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y xin n\u0103m h\u00e0o. Th\u1ea5y h\u1eafn toan l\u00e0m d\u1eef, c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0nh d\u1ecbu gi\u1ecdng: Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao (1917-1951) - Th\u00f4i, c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y v\u1eady, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n. H\u1eafn v\u00eanh c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t l\u00ean, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o: - Tao \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n. - Gi\u1ecfi! H\u00f4m nay m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec anh c\u1ea7n g\u00ec? H\u1eafn d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c: - Tao mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n! 190","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM B\u00e1 Ki\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddi ha ha: - \u1ed2 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec! T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n anh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 nh\u1edd. H\u1eafn l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: - Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! Ai cho tao l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n! L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft m\u1ea3nh chai tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y? Tao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa. Bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch... bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0... c\u00e1i n\u00e0y! Bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng! H\u1eafn r\u00fat dao ra, x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o. B\u00e1 Ki\u1ebfn ng\u1ed3i nh\u1ecfm d\u1eady. Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 v\u0103ng dao t\u1edbi r\u1ed3i. B\u00e1 Ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 k\u1ecbp k\u00eau m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng. Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o v\u1eeba ch\u00e9m t\u00fai b\u1ee5i v\u1eeba k\u00eau l\u00e0ng th\u1eadt to. H\u1eafn k\u00eau l\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec h\u1eafn c\u0169ng \u0111ang gi\u1eaby \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1ch \u1edf gi\u1eefa bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1i. M\u1eaft h\u1eafn tr\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed3m h\u1eafn ng\u00e1p ng\u00e1p, mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ra ti\u1ebfng. \u1ede c\u1ed5 h\u1eafn, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u00e1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ee9 ra\u201d. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong \u0111\u1eddi v\u0103n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nam Cao t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed, t\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Giuse, sinh ng\u00e0y 29\/10\/1916 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng Cao \u0110\u00e0, huy\u1ec7n Nam Xang, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 H\u00f2a H\u1eadu, huy\u1ec7n L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam) trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, b\u1ed1 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb9 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i, l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i b\u00fat danh Nam Cao, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 Nhi\u00eau Kh\u00ea, Th\u00fay R\u01b0, Nguy\u1ec7t, Xu\u00e2n Du... B\u00fat danh Nam Cao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng gh\u00e9p ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u1ea1, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean trang v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nam Cao l\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng v\u0103n, Nam Cao c\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01a1 t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1939,\u00f8 Khi chi\u1ec1u th\u1eabm in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i T\u00e2n V\u0103n s\u1ed1 61 ra ng\u00e0y 12\/4\/1941, N\u1ebfu ta b\u1ea3o in tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y s\u1ed1 228 ra ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/1938... \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi 191","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM than v\u00e3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh duy\u00ean l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh - m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n sinh quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ch\u00ecm d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169. L\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng v\u0103n th\u00ec vu\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i vang b\u00f3ng: Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, Huy C\u1eadn, Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean, Th\u00e2m T\u00e2m, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh, L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0... Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0i L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y mang \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh: L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ H\u01b0\u01a1ng bay b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n tr\u1eddi\/ Bu\u1ed3n cho t\u00f4i! Mu\u1ed1n l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ L\u00e0 con s\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea3y xu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng\/Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n s\u00f4ng\/ \u0110\u1eebng ra b\u1ec3 n\u1eefa cho l\u00f2ng mang mang...\/ Bu\u1ed3n cho t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh n\u00e0ng\/ C\u00f3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y\/Ai l\u00e0m cho gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e2y\/ Cho m\u00e2y v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed5i thay mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh\/ \u0110\u1ed5i thay l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim t\u00ecnh\/ M\u1ed9t l\u00e0n m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee7 xu\u00f4i m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 ta(1939). C\u00f2n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Khi chi\u1ec1u th\u1eabm, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c: \u201cChi\u1ec1u th\u1eabm l\u1ea1i. H\u00e0ng c\u00e2y y\u00ean d\u00e1ng nh\u1edb\/Tr\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean. Sao \u0111\u1eabm l\u1ec7, lu m\u1edd\/T\u00f4i khua l\u00f2ng, l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u01a1\/Bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eabm c\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng bay nh\u00e8 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/ \u0110\u1eddi t\u1ed1i qu\u00e1! Em \u01a1i t\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc\/M\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay th\u1eafp h\u1ed9 l\u1eeda l\u00f2ng l\u00ean\/ M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n \u1ea5m \u00e1p gh\u00e9 ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean\/ C\u00e2u d\u00ecu nh\u1eb9 v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i\/\u0110\u00f4i tai b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe l\u1eddi chim n\u00f3i\/T\u00f4i xa x\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c em \u01a1i\/C\u00f2n g\u00ec bu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fac s\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u01a1i\/ T\u1eebng h\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng t\u00e0u l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i\/ S\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3c h\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi\/ Cho \u0111\u1eddi em l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo ch\u1ed1n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng\/Cho con chim \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb gi\u1eefa m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng\/Khi chi\u1ec1u th\u1eabm h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y y\u00ean d\u00e1ng nh\u1edb (1941). H\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft, Nam Cao t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 dung n\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u, bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, kh\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u01b0a ai kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3\u201d (\u0110\u1eddi th\u1eeba). Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 in b\u00e1o m\u00e0 Nam Cao t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cli d\u1ecb\u201d v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng th\u01a1. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a Nam Cao, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111ang ch\u1eadp ch\u1eefng v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft:ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi \u00f4ng, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 192","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c mua danh v\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng cho bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec1n trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng:\u201dC\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m h\u00e9o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 vang d\u1ed9i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Chao \u00f4i! Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i:ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kia, tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp l\u1ea7m than, vang d\u1ed9i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u00f2ng \u0110i\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh, \u0110i\u1ec1n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong lao kh\u1ed5, m\u1edf h\u1ed3n ra \u0111\u00f3n l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi...\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u201cGi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng con kh\u00f3c, ti\u1ebfng v\u1ee3 g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng, ti\u1ebfng l\u00e9o x\u00e9o \u0111\u00f2i n\u1ee3 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00f3m. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u01b0\u1edfi b\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u0111\u00eam m\u1ea5t g\u00e0\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ri\u00eang, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, Nam Cao h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc C\u1eeda B\u1eafc (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh), sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc l\u00ean Th\u00e0nh chung, v\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 c\u1ea7u thang, b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1935, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 tim v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u00f4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Sen, t\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Maria. C\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 xong, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd cho hi\u1ec7u may Ba L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Hai c\u00e1i x\u00e1c, Ngh\u00e8o, \u0110u\u00f4i m\u00f9, Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa t\u00e0n, M\u1ed9t b\u00e0 h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, \u00cdch H\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong l\u00e0ng v\u0103n. Th\u00e1ng 5\/1938, t\u1eeb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Nam Cao tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sa s\u00fat... Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, thi \u0111\u1eadu Th\u00e0nh Chung v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Thanh \u1edf Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 v\u0103n T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tri k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5 ra t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ba Lan v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1\/9\/1939. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y 23\/9\/1940, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ph\u00e1p nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00fd k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t-x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 hai tr\u00f2ng Nh\u1eadt - Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ccon ch\u00f3 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0\u201d cho Nh\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Thanh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00ec Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m chu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1a! T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 D\u1ebf m\u00e8n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u00fd 193","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y:\u201dM\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay, Nam Cao th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u1edf nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t gian b\u00ean k\u00edn b\u01b0ng, c\u00e1i gian nh\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t vu\u00f4ng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u00ed t\u1eb9o, th\u00e0nh g\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u v\u00e0 im \u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t th\u00f2 tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u00fa chim s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng than v\u00e3n ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1eddng. \u201cC\u00e1i b\u00e0n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 t\u1ea1p, hai ch\u00e2n r\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. Hai \u0111\u1ee9a t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i hai \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hai tay \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ch\u00e2u m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau. M\u00f9a h\u00e8, Nam Cao c\u0103ng m\u00e0n n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u1ea5y. \u201cM\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eadn vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e3 v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t. C\u1ee9 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u1eb9n \u0111em truy\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft, c\u1eafm c\u00fai th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam. \u201cC\u00f3 khi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed5i tay cho nhau m\u1edbi l\u00e0m k\u1ecbp. Nam Cao th\u1ea1o t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, t\u00f4i nh\u1edd anh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u00fac Nam Cao bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 hay ch\u00e1n vi\u1ebft, anh b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u1eadu l\u00e0m h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u00e9. S\u1eafp m\u01b0a, b\u1edd ao c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i tre. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, m\u1ea5y trang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. T\u00f4i v\u1ed1n th\u00edch t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh. T\u00f4i lia h\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0i trang nh\u01b0 anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng ty\u201d (T\u1ef1 Truy\u1ec7n, NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc - 1985, trang 273). Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec7n v\u1eeba C\u00e1i l\u00f2 g\u1ea1ch c\u0169, t\u1ee9c Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o. Trong \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt x\u1ea9y ra trong l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Nam Cao m\u00e0 khi nghe k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (1). \u1ede ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec Ch\u00ed to b\u00e9o, c\u1ee5c m\u1ecbch \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea g\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1edbn trong l\u00e0ng; nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea Ch\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u00f2i n\u1ee3. Xong vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0i h\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ch\u00ed mua r\u01b0\u1ee3u u\u1ed1ng say ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m ph\u00e8o ra gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ebfm canh m\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, do v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ebft t\u00ean\u201d Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o. N\u1ebfu trong truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Nam Cao c\u00f3 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o v\u00e0 Th\u1ecb N\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau ngo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng. L\u00fac m\u00e0\u201dTr\u0103ng (1) Xem Nam Cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng - Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Vinh - b\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 30\/5 v\u00e0 10\/6\/1998. 194","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM r\u1eafc b\u1ee5i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng g\u1ee3n bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0ng...\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u00e0u chu\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda, \u01b0\u1ee1n cong cong l\u00ean h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y tr\u0103ng xanh r\u1eddi r\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 lay l\u1ea1i gi\u1eaby l\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh\u201d th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ch\u00ed g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb N\u1edf v\u1edbi \u201cC\u00e1i m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ec9a mai c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a: n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1 ngang h\u01a1n b\u1ec1 d\u00e0i, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 hai m\u00e1 l\u1ea1i h\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ph\u00ednh ph\u00ednh th\u00ec m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hao hao nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t l\u1ee3n, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1eb7t v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i m\u0169i th\u00ec v\u1eeba ng\u1eafn,v\u1eeba to, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecf, v\u1eeba s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf cam s\u00e0nh, b\u00e0nh b\u1ea1nh mu\u1ed1n chen l\u1ea5n nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00f4i c\u0169ng to cho kh\u00f4ng thua c\u00e1i m\u0169i; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang n\u1ee9t n\u1edf nh\u01b0 r\u1ea1n ra. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf th\u1ecb l\u1ea1i \u0103n tr\u1ea7u thu\u1ed1c, hai m\u00f4i d\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i cho d\u00e0y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng may qu\u1ebft tr\u1ea7u s\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i, che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u00e0u th\u1ecbt tr\u00e2u x\u00e1m ngo\u00e1ch\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ee9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec Ch\u00ed d\u1ef1ng l\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh b\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch qua s\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 bu\u00f4n tr\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee3 Chanh v\u1ec1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf l\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ed. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh nhau \u1edf b\u00e3i chu\u1ed1i ven s\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n R\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u1ea7m x\u00ec n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u1ea5y qua l\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9 phu di l\u00e0m cao su th\u00ec Ch\u00ed b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng \u0111i bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch. Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Sau khi vi\u1ebft xong, Nam Cao b\u00e1n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o cho nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1eddi M\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ecdc xong, \u00f4ng Tr\u00e1c V\u1ef9 - ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n - n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Nam Cao r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i t\u1ef1a c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0103n kh\u00e1ch\u201d n\u00ean nh\u1edd nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4i l\u1ee9a x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i. V\u00e0 Nam Cao \u0111ang l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat m\u1edbi, s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00ean \u00f4ng V\u1ef9 m\u1edbi thu\u00ea nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111ang n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i l\u00ean vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 khi s\u00e1ch in xong, ngo\u00e0i b\u00eca ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta in t\u00ean L\u00ea V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng to g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n t\u00ean Nam Cao. \u00c2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb\u201d trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ch thu\u1edf \u1ea5y. Theo v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n cho bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat 195","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ecbt ch\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch s\u00e0nh sanh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu! T\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4i l\u1ee9a x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i Nam Cao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 D\u00ec H\u1ea3o, N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam... Qua n\u0103m 1942, Nam Cao tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c in tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 C\u00e1i m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00f3, Con m\u00e8o, Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft, Nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta sung s\u01b0\u1edbng... Ma l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Nam Cao th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn nh\u1edb m\u00e3i v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u201cS\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n Nam Cao m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111i s\u00e1t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 theo l\u1ed1i kh\u1ea9u ng\u1eef d\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao\u201d(1) v\u00e0\u201dTruy\u1ec7n Nam Cao \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Nam Cao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1edf kh\u00f3c d\u1edf c\u01b0\u1eddi... \u00d4ng c\u0169ng hay \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn... \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nam Cao th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n) v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 con v\u1eadt. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh - v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n - \u0111\u1ee9ng cheo leo b\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m: tr\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi kia l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u00e9o le \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat Nam Cao kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u1ea3 nghi\u00eang, chao \u0111\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, sau nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, lo \u00e2u, c\u00e0ng th\u00eam tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1i \u201cthi\u1ec7n c\u0103n\u201d b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, khi th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1edd\u201d(2). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec Nam Cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t. (1), (2) T\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 30A - Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng M\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 1995, trang 50, 51). 196","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM L\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o, l\u00e3o H\u1ea1c, Tr\u1ea1ch V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0nh, th\u1ea7y Lang R\u1eadn, B\u00e1 Ki\u1ebfn, Th\u1ecb N\u1edf... Tuy nhi\u00ean Nam Cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft, Con m\u00e8o, \u0110\u1eddi th\u1eeba, B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0... m\u00e3i m\u00e3i t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua t\u1eebng trang v\u0103n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt tham gia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4\/1943 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u0103m t\u1ed1i \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Uy, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110ang, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u01b0\u1edfng, Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i, Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n, Nh\u01b0 Phong, Nam Cao... D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao (th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p 197","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f2i b\u00fat Nam Cao s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u tay. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m (in tr\u00ean Trung B\u1eafc Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, Nam Cao r\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n (sau \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh S\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n). V\u1edbi S\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m g\u00ec Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee9, San, \u0110\u00edch... s\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t, h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn, nh\u1ecf nhen, ti ti\u1ec7n, t\u1ee7n m\u1ee7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i s\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng \u00e2u lo, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u201cs\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n\u201d. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, oi b\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u00e1ng 3\/1945, Nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3ng (T\u1eeb S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Ninh) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cHai con ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n chung mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i b\u00e9o b\u1edf nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng... Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i h\u1ecda b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh sau l\u01b0ng khi qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cPh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Th\u1ee9 trong S\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u1ee9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn bao cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gh\u00ea g\u1edbm hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft! Bao nhi\u00eau th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e1t tan! C\u00e1i th\u1ea3m s\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, n\u00fai th\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, \u0111ang qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i nh\u0103n nh\u00f3, r\u00ean la, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1eafn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i x\u00e9 m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay. C\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1ed3i ra? L\u00f2ng Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i h\u00e9 ra m\u1ed9t tia \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng mong manh. Th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vu v\u01a1. Sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n... \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd h\u01a1n... Nh\u01b0ng y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecf m\u1eb7t ngay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4i. Y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec ch\u01b0a?\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u01a1n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb, \u00f4ng tham gia c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf ph\u1ee7 L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. 198","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1946, \u00f4ng ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0m Th\u01b0 k\u00fd t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ti\u00ean Phong - c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d. Ngay s\u1ed1 1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn M\u00f2 s\u00e2m banh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tham gia \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Nam ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean. Qua chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u1ed7i tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch m\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 Nam... M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1947, theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y, Nam \u00c1p ph\u00edch phim Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o do h\u00e3ng phim Cao l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean truy\u1ec7n VN th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00ean B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, tham gia Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, xu\u1ed1ng khu III... v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u \u00f4ng c\u0169ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, T\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 xu\u00f4i, Vui d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng... \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Ti\u00ean s\u01b0 T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o (sau \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u1ede r\u1eebng. Trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang t\u1ef1 m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ea7m b\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cT\u00f4i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u1ee7y m\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u1eabn ch\u01b0a m\u1ea1nh h\u1eb3n \u01b0? C\u00e1c anh! C\u00e1c anh chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean! C\u00e1c anh h\u00e3y d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft hy sinh, bi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c anh h\u00e3y r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i \u00e1nh n\u1eafng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh. L\u00f2ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n u \u00e1m l\u1eafm. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en x\u01b0a c\u0169 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1edfn v\u1edfn. C\u00e1c anh h\u00e3y qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch n\u00f3 h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i. Qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch! \u0110\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n quang qu\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1edbi h\u1eb3n! (ng\u00e0y 19\/3\/1948)\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao hy sinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 199"]