["Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecda l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng 18 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng g\u00ec v\u1eady? Trong Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t N\u00ea L\u00ea kinh, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Naraka. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o Jaina, \u0111\u1ea1o Sikh, \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Naraka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 18 t\u1ea7ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quang T\u1ef1u C\u01b0, C\u01b0 H\u01b0 Th\u1ed1i L\u01b0\u1ee3c, Tang C\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4, L\u00e2u, Ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed1t, Th\u1ea3o \u00d4 Ti Th\u1ee9, \u0110\u00f4 L\u01b0 Nan \u0110\u00e1n, B\u1ea5t L\u01b0 B\u00e1n H\u00f4, \u00d4 C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u00f4, N\u00ea L\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4, \u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4 M\u00e3n, \u00d4 T\u1ecbch, \u00d4 H\u00f4, Tu Ki\u1ec7n C\u01b0, V\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4 Can Tr\u1ef1c H\u00f4, Khu Th\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1c. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y: 1. B\u1ea1t Thi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: N\u1ebfu ai khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i li gi\u00e1n, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a... ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. 2. Ti\u1ec5n \u0110ao \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m mai m\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. 3. Thi\u1ebft Th\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m chia r\u1ebd t\u00ecnh ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt anh em, gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y.","Can h \u00e0i b\u1ed1 mi? tr\u00e0 Icri 4. Nghi\u1ec7t K\u00ednh \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. 5. Ch\u01b0ng Lung \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. 6. \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. 7. \u0110ao S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Nh\u1eefng ai khinh khi th\u1ea7n linh ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. 8. B\u0103ng S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng gian th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 9. D\u1ea7u Oa \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n ch\u01a1i tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp. 10. Ng\u01b0u Khanh \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i s\u00fac v\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00fang tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. 11. Th\u1ea1ch \u00c1p \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Nh\u1eefng ai gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 12. Thung C\u1eefu \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; Nh\u1eefng ai ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0103n th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 13. Huy\u1ebft T\u0129\u00ec \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. 14. U\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 15. Tr\u00e1ch H\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 16. H\u1ecfa S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c: Ai \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 17. Th\u1ea1ch Ma \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u1eady m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. 18. \u0110ao C\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c; T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1.","O . \u00cd Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady. C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i v\u00e8 d\u00e2n gian sau \u0111\u00e2y; B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o K\u1ef3, Nam k\u00eau C\u1ecd (K\u1ef3 C\u1ecd); B\u1eafc g\u1ecdi l\u1ecd, Nam k\u00eau chai; B\u1eafc mang thai, Nam c\u00f3 ch\u1eeda; Nam x\u1ebb n\u1eeda, B\u1eafc b\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4i; B\u1eafc qu\u1edf G\u1ea7y, Nam than \u00f4m ; B\u1eafc c\u00e1o \u00f4 m , Nam khai B\u1ecbnh; B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n, Nam li\u1ec1n la tr\u1ec5; Nam m\u1ea7n S\u01a1 S\u01a1, B\u1eafc l\u00e0m L\u1ea5y l\u1ec7; B\u1eafc l\u1ec7 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o, Nam ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft; Nam b\u1eafc V\u1ea1c tre, B\u1eafc k\u00ea L\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng; B\u1eafc n\u00f3i Th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, Nam k\u00eau V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3; B\u1eafc \u0111an c\u00e1i R\u1ecd, Nam l\u00e0m Gi\u1ecf tre; Nam kh\u00f4ng nghe N\u00f3i dai, B\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng m\u00ea L\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3i; Nam C\u00e3i bai b\u1ea3i, B\u1eafc L\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u00e0o \u00e0o; B\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u00d4 t\u00f4, Nam v\u00f4 x\u1ebf h\u1ed9p; H\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p B\u1eafc h\u00e3m Phanh, tr\u1ee3n tr\u00f2ng Nam \u0111\u1ea1p Th\u1eafng; Khi n\u1eafng Nam m\u1edf D\u00f9, B\u1eafc l\u1ea1i x\u00f2e \u00d4; \u0110i\u00ean r\u1ed3 Nam \u0110i tr\u1ed1n, nguy kh\u1ed1n B\u1eafc L\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t; Ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc Nam nh\u1eafc T\u1eeb t\u1eeb, B\u1eafc khuy\u00ean G\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1ea1i; B\u1eafc l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1 d\u1ea1i, Nam th\u00ec Ngu gh\u00ea; Nam S\u1ee3 gh\u00ea, B\u1eafc H\u00e3i qu\u00e1; Nam th\u01b0a T\u00eda M\u00e1, B\u1eafc g\u1ecdi Th\u1ea7y U; Nam nh\u1ee7 \u01b0 n g","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e3 l\u1eddi gh\u00ea, B\u1eafc ph\u00ea H\u00e0i l\u00f2ng; Nam ch\u1ed1i L\u00f2ng v\u00f2ng, B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o D\u1ed1i quanh; Nhanh nhanh Nam b\u1ebb B\u1eafp, h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p B\u1eafc v\u1eb7t Ng\u00f4; B\u1eafc th\u00edch c\u1ee9 v \u1ed3 , Nam \u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee5p; Nam r\u1edd B\u00f4ng b\u1ee5p, B\u1eafc vu\u1ed1t T\u01b0\u1eddng vi; Nam n\u00f3i: M\u00e0y \u0111i! B\u1eafc h\u00f4: C\u00fat x\u00e9o; B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o: C\u1ee9 v\u00e9o! Nam: Ng\u1eaft n\u00f3 \u0111i; B\u1eafc g\u1eedi Phong b\u00ec, Bao th\u01a1 Nam g\u00f3i; Nam k\u00eau: Mu\u1ed1n \u00f3i, B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o: Bu\u1ed3n n \u00f4 n ; B\u1eafc g\u1ecdi Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n, Nam k\u00eau Ch\u00f2i g\u00e1c; B\u1eafc hay Kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c, Nam b\u1ea3o X\u1ea1o ke; M\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Che, gi\u00f3 ngang B\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn; B\u1eafc khen Gi\u1ecfi m\u1eafng, Nam n\u00f3i Ch\u1eedi hay; B\u1eafc n\u1ea5u Th\u1ecbt c\u1ea7y, Nam thui Th\u1ecbt ch\u00f3; B\u1eafc V\u00e9n b\u00fai t\u00f3, Nam B\u1edbi t\u00f3c l\u00ean; Anh C\u1ea3 B\u1eafc Qu\u00ean, anh Hai Nam L\u00fa; Nam: \u0102n \u0111i ch\u00fa, B\u1eafc: M\u1eddi anh X\u01a1i; B\u1eafc m\u1edbi t\u1eadp B\u01a1i, Nam th\u1eddi \u0111i L\u1ed9i; B\u1eafc \u0110i ph\u00f3 h\u1ed9i, Nam T\u1edbi chia vui; Thui th\u1ee7i B\u1eafc k\u00e9o Xe l\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh X\u00edch l\u00f4 Nam \u0111\u1ea1p; Nam th\u1eddi M\u1eadp m\u1ea1p, B\u1eafc cho l\u00e0 B\u00e9o; Khi Nam khen B\u00e9o, B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ng\u1eady; B\u1eafc qu\u1eady S\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ea, N\u0103m r\u00ean \u0110\u00e3 qu\u00e1; B\u1eafc kho\u00e1i \u0111i Ph\u00e0, Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng qua B\u1eafc; B\u1eafc nh\u1eafc M\u00f4i gi\u1edbi, Nam li\u1ec1n Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u; Nam \u00edt khi \u0110i\u1ec7u, B\u1eafc hay L\u00e0m d\u00e1ng; T\u00e1n m\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, B\u1eafc b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0110i\u00eau; Gi\u1ee1n h\u1edbt h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u, Nam k\u00eau l\u00e0 X\u1ea1o; B\u1eafc N\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng G\u01b0\u01a1m, Nam Th\u1ecdt b\u1eb1ng Ki\u1ebfm; Nam m\u00ea Phi\u1ebfm , B\u1eafc th\u00edch \u0110\u00f9a; B\u1eafc vua Bia b\u1ecdt, Nam ch\u00faa La-de; B\u1eafc khoe B\u00f9i b\u00f9i L\u1ea1c rang, Nam : Th\u01a1m th\u01a1m \u0110\u1eadu ph\u00f4ng; B\u1eafc x\u01a1i Na v\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdng, Nam \u0103n M\u00e3ng c\u1ea7u m\u1eafc h\u1ea7u; Khi kh\u1ed5 Nam Tr\u00f2m tr\u00e8m \u0103n v\u1ee5ng, B\u1eafc Len l\u00e9n \u0103n v\u00e8n; Nam toe to\u00e9t H\u1ed5ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec1n, B\u1eafc v\u1eb7n m\u00ecnh em Ch\u00e3; B\u1eafc Gi\u1ea5m chua c\u00e1i \u1ea3, Nam B\u1eb7m tr\u1ee3n con kia; Nam M\u1ec9a t\u00ean c\u00e0 chua, B\u1eafc R\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00f3; Nam Nh\u1eadu nh\u1eb9t th\u1ecbt Ch\u00f3, B\u1eafc \u0110\u00e1nh ch\u00e9n c \u1ea7y t\u01a1; B\u1eafc v\u1edd v\u1ecbt L\u00e1 m\u01a1, Nam th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng l\u00e1 Th\u00fai \u0111\u1ecbt; Khi th\u1ea5m, Nam x\u00e1ch Th\u00f9ng, B\u1eafc b\u00ea X\u00f4; Nam b\u1ecf trong R\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1eafc tu\u00f4n v\u00e0o H\u00f2m; Nam L\u1ebft v\u00f4 h\u00f2m, B\u1eafc M\u1eb7c \u00e1o quan; B\u1eafc xu\u00fdt xoa C\u00e1i Lan Xinh c\u1ef1c!, Nam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 Con Lan \u0110\u1eb9p h\u1ebft ch\u00ea; Ph\u1ee7 ph\u00ea B\u1eafc tr\u00f9m Ch\u0103n, no \u0111\u1ee7 Nam \u0111\u1eafp M\u1ec1n... 106 \u00cdB- -\u1ecb\u1ef5t. IS--fes","0 .7 \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda l\u00e0 nh\u01b0th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? X\u01b0a nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n v\u00eda nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Khi h\u1ed3n v\u00eda l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ch\u00edn su\u1ed1i, v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i tinh anh, kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00e1o v\u00e1t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ba h\u1ed3n ch\u00edn v\u00eda. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1edf d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Kinh, m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m th\u1eadp t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t sinh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y ra ng\u00e3 b\u1ea3y, ng\u00e3 ba... v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u1eeba g\u1ecdi h\u1ed3n v\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 mong cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng su\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u01a1 v\u01a1 d\u1ec5 sa v\u00e0o b\u00e0n tay b\u1ecdn ma qu\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y, t\u00f9y theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda hay ba h\u1ed3n ch\u00edn v\u00eda. Nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda v\u00e0 ba h\u1ed3n ch\u00edn v\u00eda l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y v\u00eda m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u00edn v\u00eda? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. Theo kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i linh, thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1ch (v\u00eda) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh, ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n'h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n khinh thanh (nh\u1eb9), ph\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ecdc (n\u1eb7ng). V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft, h\u1ed3n bay v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi, c\u00f2n ph\u00e1ch th\u00ec ti\u00eau xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. H\u1ed3n th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, ph\u00e1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd ti\u00eau tan. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ba h\u1ed3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tam ti\u00eau (tam ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ba mi\u1ec1n - th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, trung ti\u00eau l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ti\u00eau l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean b\u00e0ng quang), song ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa 8 8 --\u1ec4 l\\\" ^ -.g \u1eca5 . . 10^","Cnn h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 mi? tr\u00e1 l\u00f9i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfu (th\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t: hai m\u1eaft, hai tai, hai m\u0169i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng), c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00edn ph\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1eedu khi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 (th\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfu gi\u1ed1ng nam v\u00e0 th\u00eam hai khi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 sinh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu m\u00f4n). Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3n v\u00eda \u1edf tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c b\u1eadc nho h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 tin theo, l\u00e0m theo. Do c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u trong khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo th\u00f3i quen m\u00ea t\u00edn, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fa g\u1ecdi h\u1ed3n v\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y quay v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c m\u00e0 ra \u0111i theo ma qu\u1ef7. V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0y m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 O \u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec? G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng ai r\u00f5 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung: D\u00e2ng c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong gia s\u1ef1. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mang nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u00e0y chu\u1ed1i, b\u01b0\u1edfi, \u0111\u00e0o, h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00fdt. C\u00e1ch b\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng, \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i, xung quanh l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng, qu\u00fdt, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau. Phong t\u1ee5c m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 \u1edbt mang v\u1ecb cay \u0111\u1eafng, mi\u1ec5n sao m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang c\u1eef. M\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao ^8 . \u0128B","gi\u1edd c\u00f3 chu\u1ed1i, v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00fai, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nguy kh\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3 cam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e2u qu\u00fdt l\u00e0m cam ch\u1ecbu... V\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 x\u00e0i sung t\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam chu\u1ed9ng 5 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3: m\u00e3ng c\u1ea7u, d\u1eeba, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, xo\u00e0i v\u00e0 sung. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ba lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng to v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1eeba, xo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf; sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c ch\u00e8n l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u ru\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecf v\u1ecf xanh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho l\u00f2ng trung ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 trinh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1eebng tr\u00e1i chu\u1ed1i \u00f4m g\u1ecdn c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i ti\u00eau thon d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ed1i m\u1eadt v\u1eeba m\u1eadp v\u1eeba tr\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi i \u0111 \u2022 '0 1","Can h\u00e1i bo mif tr\u00e3 l\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 sau: m\u00e3ng c\u1ea7u, sung, d\u1eeba, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 xo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khi m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, giao l\u01b0u kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 5 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c, th\u1ea5t,... th\u1eadp qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u chung l\u1ea1i, m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ecn gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t d\u00f9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho con ch\u00e1u, v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m \u00ecnh... C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ec3u c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau? C\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau:l. C\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea, 2. C\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee3t, 3. C\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean, 4. C\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb1n, 5. C\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p, 6. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e0, 7. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea9y, 8. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00ec, 9. C\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1t, 10. C\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec9m chi, 11. C\u01b0\u1eddi m\u0169i, 12. C\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafc n\u1ebb, 13. C\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea5t, 14. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1t, 15. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 n\u1eafc n\u1ebb, 16. C\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecbnh, 17. C\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ee5, 18. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed3, 19. C\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1, 20. C\u01b0\u1eddi ra n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, 21. C\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9, 22. C\u01b0\u1eddi ru\u1ed3i, 23. C\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb7c, 24. C\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb1ng s\u1eb7c, 25. C\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh, 26. C\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb, 27. C\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee7m, 28. C\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee1 b\u1ee5ng, 29. C\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00f2a. 30. C\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed3n (kh\u00e1c bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi), 31. C\u01b0\u1eddi vu v\u01a1, 32. C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd; 33. C\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 duy\u00ean; 34. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1t (c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1t), 35. C\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01a1n (c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i), 36. C\u01b0\u1eddi ha h\u1ea3, 37. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3ng h\u1ed9c, 38. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e0nh kh\u1ea1ch, 39. C\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eb7t ngh\u1ebdo, 40. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u1eb1ng \u1eb7c, 41. C\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7m, 42. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4 (c\u01b0\u1eddi khan), 43. C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh, 44. C\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1eddi, 45. C\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eadp (ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecbu), 46. C\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e9 \u0111\u00e1i (v\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1i), 47. C\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7y tinh, 48. C\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 49. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7, 50. C\u01b0\u1eddi the th\u00e9, 51. C\u01b0\u1eddi e th\u1eb9n, 52. C\u01b0\u1eddi khinh b\u1ec9 ^0 .","(khinh mi\u1ec7t), 53. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ee5c kh\u1ee5c (n\u00edn c\u01b0\u1eddi), 54. C\u01b0\u1eddi chua cay, 55. C\u01b0\u1eddi ranh m\u00e3nh, 56. C\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ed \u1ea9n, 57. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c, 58. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n, 59. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a, 60. C\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, 61. C\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, 62. C\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00fac kh\u00edch, 63. C\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n, 64. C\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00f2n, 65. C\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fam ch\u00edm, 66. C\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 giao, 67. C\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n (m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n), 68. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, 69. C\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f4 ngh\u00ea (ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch), 70. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ec h\u00ec, 71. C\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng, 72. C\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, 73. C\u01b0\u1eddi vang, 74. C\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t, 75. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3u, 76. C\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1, 77. C\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5, 78. C\u01b0\u1eddi chanh chua, 79. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd nh\u1ecb, 80. C\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, 81. C\u01b0\u1eddi sang s\u1ea3ng (r\u1ed5n r\u1ea3ng), 82. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4 h\u1ed1, 83. C\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, 84. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng, 85. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fa \u0111\u1edfn, 86. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh, 87. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ed nh\u1ea3nh, 88. C\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, 89. C\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, 90. C\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1edbt t\u1ec9nh, 91. C\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e2y tr\u00faa (nham nh\u1edf), 92. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ebfu, 93. C\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f2 c\u00e0ng, 94. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, 95. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4 tr\u1ecdc, 96. C\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a, 97. C\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, 98. C\u01b0\u1eddi r\u0169 r\u01b0\u1ee3i, 99. C\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng th\u00edch, 100. C\u01b0\u1eddi ba l\u01a1n, 101. C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e9m l\u1ec9nh, 102. C\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fam ch\u00edm, 103. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi, 104. C\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, 105. C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb3ng l\u01a1, 106. C\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f9 kh\u00fa, 107. C\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ec1nh h\u1ec7ch, 108. C\u01b0\u1eddi khinh kh\u1ec9nh, 109. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ebfch m\u00e9p, 110. C\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fay x\u00f3a, 111. C\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00e9, 112. C\u01b0\u1eddi khanh kh\u00e1ch, 113. C\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng, 114. C\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1ch m\u00e9, 115. C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edf tr\u00f4n, 116. C\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ea1i... i\u00ed\u1ecb - -S \u1ec0 \\\" ^ \u25a0ff\u1ecb--'S'\u25a0'\u1ec9\u0103-","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 mi? trdi Icri \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \\\"t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea9u may\\\" c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e1ng 4 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, l\u1ec5 Bunpimay l\u1ea1i t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Tri\u1ec7u Voi. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 nhanh kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ea7u may n\u0103m m\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ai \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e0o v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e9 \u01b0\u1edbt t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o g\u1ecdi T\u1ebft t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Bunpimay (hay Pi Mai, Pee Mai, Koud Song Kane, Bunhot N\u1eadm), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Lan g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Songkran (theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \\\"L\u00fac th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o sang khu v\u1ef1c Kim Ng\u01b0u trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\\\"), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Choi Chnam Thmey (hay T\u1ebft n\u00fai c\u00e1t) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Myanma g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thingyan. Tuy h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u25a04 '$- -","nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u naang t\u00ednh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103na m\u1edbi, thay cho l\u1eddi ch\u00fac may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac, v\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3 h\u00f2a, c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u1edf L\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bun. Bun c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Bunpimay \u1edf L\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb 13 \u0111\u1ebfn 15\/4 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m theo Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, ph\u1ed3n vinh cho v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, thanh khi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u may cho c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. T\u1ebft Bunpimay th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra trong ba ng\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u0169, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lau d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong nh\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f5, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01a1m v\u00e0 hoa. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nghe c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00ean ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ra m\u1ed9t gian ri\u00eang trong ba ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u1eafm Ph\u1eadt. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01a1m sau khi t\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 giao th\u1eddi gi\u1eefa n\u0103m c\u0169 v\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u1edbi. H\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho nhau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nhau. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1edd c\u00fang, s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o tin r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac n\u0103m m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 m \u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe. Ai b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t, trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u1edd, hoa, d\u00e2y v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01a1m. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n ph\u00f3ng \u2018 - l\u00edi--","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u00f2i sinh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 r\u00f9a, c\u00e1, cua, chim ... \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0103n m\u00f3n l\u1ea1p v\u1edbi x\u00f4i n\u00f3ng. Ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 tay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 xanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Trong su\u1ed1t ba ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft ai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p may m\u1eafn c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng hoa mu\u1ed3ng (b\u00f2 c\u1ea1p v\u00e0ng) c\u1ed9t v\u00e0o xe v\u00e0 treo tr\u00ean nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u may m\u1eafn, k\u1ebft hoa Ch\u0103mpa th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ch\u00f9m hay c\u00e0i tr\u00ean t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m. o Qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u (t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia) kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1eefong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi th\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u0103n Lang: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ba t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Phong Ch\u00e2u. \u00c1u L\u1ea1c: N\u0103m 257 TCN, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean, t\u1eeb li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t (V\u0103n Lang) v\u00e0 \u00c2u Vi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Lang tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Qu\u1ea3ng T\u1ea7y (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n: L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf. Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 544 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 602. 6\u1ec9","\u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t: L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110inh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u00fd, do \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103m 968. Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1054 (86 n\u0103m). \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t: L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u00fd, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1054, khi vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n 7 n\u0103m th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 20 n\u0103m th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Minh), \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1804, tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea, M\u1ea1c v\u00e0 T\u1ea7y S\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng 743 n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu: L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1400. Ch\u1eef Ngu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \\\"s\u1ef1 y\u00ean vui, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\". Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. Vua Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u Nam Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ean Nam Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ed5 Nam Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa. Nh\u00e0 Thanh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean phong v\u00e0o","Can h \u00e1i b \u1ea5 mi3 tnh l\u1eebi n\u0103m 1804. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. Ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 trong cu\u1ed1n D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111u\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1eefong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hai ch\u1eef \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m bia kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16-17 nh\u01b0 bia ch\u00f9a B\u1ea3o L\u00e2m (1558) \u1edf H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, bia ch\u00f9a Cam L\u1ed9 (1590) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, bia ch\u00f9a Ph\u00fac Th\u00e1nh (1664) \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bia Th\u1ee7y M\u00f4n \u0110\u00ecnh (1670) \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u: \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea7u thi\u1ec7t, tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc \u1ea3i quan\\\" (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc). Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a: Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn 1954. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1945 (ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay). V\u00ec s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mang c\u00e1c t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. T\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam do c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y 8-3-1949. N\u0103m 1955 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau 30-4-1975 v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1976, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a 6 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.","Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 R\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n? R\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n {money laundering) l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. R\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. R\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e1 l\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf hay k\u1ebf to\u00e1n sai. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ma t\u00fay hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ma\u00edia, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c che \u0111\u1eady, ng\u1ee5y trang ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n do ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3; Tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n do ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3; Thu nh\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n do ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i... Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ^ Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng? Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: Renaissance, ti\u1ebfng \u00dd: Rinascimento, t\u1eeb ri- \\\"l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa\\\" v\u00e0 nascere \\\"\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra\\\") l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao ph\u1ee7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Firenze (\u00dd) v\u00e0o H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 Trung \u0111\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf nh\u1eefng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5c","h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9, m\u1ecdt c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Rinascema {t\u00e1i sinh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Giorgio Vasari d\u00f9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1550 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i \u00ddv\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. Sau \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Renaissance \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 Jacob Burckhardt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1860). T\u00e1i sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ec9\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111em \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt; hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00f3i chung. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh, tuy kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ea7y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7y v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00f3i chung. Trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e1 l\u1edfi tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung c\u1ed5. Trong ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong th\u1eddi s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u00dd, lan ra kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 16, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u0129 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n. Trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eef ng hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u00e0 trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa Trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0129 nh\u00e2n \u0111a t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Leonardo da Vinci hay Michelangelo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef V\u0129 nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng (\\\"Renaissance Great Man\\\"). T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i \\\"\u0110\u1ea9u n\u0103m mua mu\u1ed1i, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i\\\"? D\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \\\"\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m mua mu\u1ed1i, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi. C\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi hai t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c; Phi\u00ean ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i ch\u1ee3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u0169r\u00edg mua m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 phi\u00ean ch\u1ee3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd mua v\u00f4i. V\u00e0 khi mua mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mua m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t l\u1ee5u\u1ed1i \u0111ong \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edbi t\u1eadn ng\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea1t ngang mi\u1ec7ng b\u00e1t. 120 - -\u1ec6 \u1ec7 - . -\u00e1s - - \u2022 te - t e ' \u25a0\u25a0","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a quan ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1eb7n, ch\u1ed1ng x\u00fa u\u1ebf, xua \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0 ma, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Mua mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9m Mua mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i. \\\"Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i\\\" l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0, \u0103n tr\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ea3i 4 g\u00f3c nh\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0 ma. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh mua v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m v\u00ec v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c b\u1ebdo - \\\"b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 v\u00f4i\\\". Tr\u00e1nh mua v\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy, hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch v\u00e0 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u0103n nh\u00e0, t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5ng cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, tr\u1eafng tinh t\u01b0\u01a1m, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n n\u0103m m\u1edbi. V\u00f4i qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hay trong n\u0103m c\u0169, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 qua. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m mua mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i d\u01b0a, mu\u1ed1i c\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1n ti\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua v\u00f4i l\u00e0m nh\u00e0. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea V\u0103n Hu\u00e2n th\u00ec \u1edf qu\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee9 s\u00e1ng m\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t, m\u00f9ng hai t\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi rao b\u00e1n mu\u1ed1i. Mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i s\u1eb5n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00ean ai mua c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n trong ng\u00e0y ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng b\u00e0. Sau l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, s\u1eafm s\u1eeda chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m","Con h \u00e3i b\u1ed1 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u1eebi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y, nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u sung t\u00fac. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \\\"trCf\\\" cho \u0111\u1ea7y lu, \u0111\u1ea7y ang, \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7y chum d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 trong ba ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft. Hu\u1ed1ng chi \\\"\u00d4ng tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ngon\/ L\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, l\u1ea5y con l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u\\\" th\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong t\u1eebng b\u1eefa \u0103n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m \u00f9ng m\u1ed9t, m\u00f9ng hai ph\u1ea3i \u0111i mua? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \\\"G\u1eebng cay, mu\u1ed1i m\u1eb7n xin \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean nhau\\\". C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, l\u00e0 m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1edb\u00ed mua mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef quanh n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng m\u1eb7n m\u00e0, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00f2a kh\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng ai mu\u1ed1i d\u01b0a, mu\u1ed1i c\u00e0 trong ba ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft c\u1ea3. C\u00f2n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, m\u1ed7i khi t\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \\\"Th\u1ecbt m\u1ee1, d\u01b0a h\u00e0nh c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecf - C\u00e2y n\u00eau, tr\u00e0ng ph\u00e1o, b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng xanh\\\". Tr\u00ean c\u00e2y n\u00eau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecf v\u1ebd cung t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ma qu\u1ef7. C\u00e1i h\u00ecnh cung t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4i. N\u00ean v\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i mua tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y d\u1ef1ng n\u00eau. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa, kh\u00f4ng hay, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n m\u1eebng n\u0103m m\u1edbi. T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \\\"Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 x\u00e1c r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o\/Nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh tr\u1eafng th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i b\u00f4i v\u00f4i\\\". B\u00f4i v\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ebd cung t\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. C\u1ee9 t\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 mua v\u00f4i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0, qu\u00e9t mi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u00e2y to. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ki\u00eang qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c ra ngo\u00e0i trong ^ m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft? T\u1eeb x\u01b0a d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9ng 1 t\u1edbi m\u00f9ng 3 T\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u00ec s\u1ee3 th\u1ea7n T\u00e0i s\u1ebd theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0. Trong ba ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, v\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 th\u00ec h\u1ecd qu\u00e9t v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 vun r\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng \u1edf g\u00f3c - ft\u1ec9-","khu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u00e0i l\u1ed9c trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. Theo m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ghi trong \\\"S\u01b0u th\u1ea7n k\u00fd\\\" th\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00c2u Minh, \u0111i qua h\u1ed3 Thanh Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 h\u1ea7u t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7t, \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec \u00c2u Minh \u0103n n\u00ean l\u00e0m ra nh\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u00c2u Minh \u0111\u00e1nh Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 chui v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00f3c nh\u00e0. V\u1ee3 \u00c2u Minh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u00c2u Minh l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd \u1edf g\u00f3c nh\u00e0. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c ki\u00eang h\u00f3t r\u00e1c trong ba ng\u00e0\u1ef7\u00ec\u1ec9\u1ea7u n\u0103m v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00f3t m\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n t\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \\\"S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1ea5u \u0103n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o tay n\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng giao cho b\u00e0 chuy\u00ean tr\u00f4ng nom c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea5u \u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1eadt hay \u0103n v\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tham lam. B\u00e0 ta y\u00eau m\u1ed9t l\u00e3o ch\u0103n ng\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u phen b\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u1ecbt gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0a ra cho l\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u phen b\u00e0 d\u1eaft l\u00e3o l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o kho r\u01b0\u1ee3u, m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c cho l\u00e3o b\u00ed t\u1ec9. L\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 tr\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ri\u00eang, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c i\u00f4 \u25a0","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m\u1ecd tr\u1ecf l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng \u0103n th\u1eeba c\u0169ng v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3i qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u1ed7 \u0111ang b\u00e0y l\u00ean m\u00e2m th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0ng xa, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nghe ti\u1ebfng l\u00e3o ch\u0103n ng\u1ef1a h\u00e1t. B\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e3o t\u00ecm m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ea5u l\u00e3o v\u00e0o ph\u00eda g\u00f3c ch\u1ea1n. Trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 m\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 m\u00f3n ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 th\u01a1m ph\u1ee9c. \u0110ang \u0111\u00f3i s\u1eb5n, l\u00e3o gi\u1edf l\u1ed3ng b\u00e0n s\u1edd so\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3. Khi l\u00ednh h\u1ea7u v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u01b0ng m\u00e2m ng\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n ra th\u00ec b\u00e1t n\u00e0o b\u00e1t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfng qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1ea5u b\u1ebfp c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n tay v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n. L\u00e2u v\u1ec1 sau, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9, Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ra l\u1ec7nh cho ngh\u1ec9 ba ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Ba ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u0111\u1eddi sau trong d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9. ^ T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ~ qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o? Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Tam Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. \u0110\u1eddi Tam \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 H\u1ea1 chu\u1ed9ng m\u00e0u \u0111en n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng D\u1ea7n. Nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng S\u1eedu, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p, l\u00e0m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m. Nh\u00e0 Chu \u01b0a s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1ng T\u00fd, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m th\u00e1ng T\u1ebft. C\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa n\u00f3i tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd \\\"t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba\\\" nh\u01b0 sau: Gi\u1edd T\u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi, gi\u1edd S\u1eedu th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1edd D\u1ea7n sinh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Chu, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t .gg-\u25a0Is--.\u1eb7\u1ec7..","\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng D\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 TCN), T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i qua th\u00e1ng H\u1ee3i, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf (140 TCN) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng D\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng T\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1967, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea5y m\u00fai gi\u1edd B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n cho \u1ea7m l\u1ecbch. Ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1967, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ban h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng m\u00fai gi\u1edd GMT+7 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft l\u1ec7ch nhau ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u00e0 T\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u1ebft Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa sinh s\u1ed1ng. \u1ef8 T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 phong t\u1ee5c Xin ch\u1eef v\u00e0 Cho ch\u1eeftrong d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n? C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai b\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c xin v\u00e0 cho ch\u1eef v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n xin ch\u1eef l\u1ea5y may m\u1eafn, c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u00e0i l\u1ed9c, ph\u00fac th\u1ecd * - ^ ------- ' \u1ea9 ' \u1ecb\u00e2 -","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tnh Icii \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e0. Ngay t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, khi \u00f4ng cha ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m l\u00e0m ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd ch\u1eef, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u00ednh ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00f4 n g \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o, v\u0103n nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p, danh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9nh, h\u00e0ng mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Phan Ng\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng; \\\"... Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft ta l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbng, ho\u00e0nh phi, nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nguy nga c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef? Ch\u1eef ghi l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i, ho\u00e0nh phi, trong c\u00e1cgia ph\u1ea3, trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi...\\\". V\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, kh\u1eafp t\u1ec9nh c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0, t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c treo c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i T\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t \\\"t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n\\\" cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb \u00edt h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng b\u00fat, ho\u1eb7c ra ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee3 mua ch\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ec1u s\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \\\"\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\\\" trong th\u01a1 V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Li\u00ean (1913-1996), g\u1ea7n 70 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00ed H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thi\u00eang IB ' \u25a0","li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ea7m h\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t - m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c y\u00eau k\u00ednh, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a phong t\u1ee5c xin ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m, v\u0103n nh\u00e2n \u0111em \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u00e9t m\u1ef1c, g\u1eedi mong m\u1ecfi trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 trong t\u1eebng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i. M\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi vui v\u1ebb, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0m \u0103n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t... n\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung xin ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2013? Trong s\u1ed1 1.426 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Porbes th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 23 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 40. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng 68 t\u1ef7 USD. 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, bao g\u1ed3m 4 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Pacebook. 1. Mark Zuckerberg: Tu\u1ed5i: 28; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 13,3 t\u1ef7 USD; Hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 CEO n\u00e0o thu h\u00fat truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m \u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 Zuckerberg. T\u1eeb khi Pacebook b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5\/2012 v\u00e0 anh n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Zuckerberg, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Pacebook. Mark Zuckerberg \u1ec9\u1ed5 - 81","Con h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m ? tr\u00e3 l\u00f2i 2 Huiyan Yang: Tu\u1ed5i; 31; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 5,7 t\u1ef7 USD; Yang l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Country Garden Holdings. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B\u1ed1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao h\u1ecdc Ohio State tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007. 3 Scott Duncan: Tu\u1ed5i: 30; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 5,1 t\u1ef7 USD; Duncan l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng gia t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 Dan Duncan, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Enterprise Products Partners. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u01a1n 50.000 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed gas, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. 4 Dustin Moskovitz: Tu\u1ed5i: 28; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 3,8 t\u1ef7 USD; Moskovitz v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Mark Zuckerberg v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Pacebook. Hi\u1ec7n anh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Dustin Moskovitz tham gia cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Bill Gates v\u00e0 VVarren Bu\u00ed\u00edett - m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, anh \u0111\u1ea1p xe t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m, \u0111i m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec phi c\u01a1 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 tham gia nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i h\u00e8 \u1edf l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Burning Man h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. 5. Eduardo Saverin: Tu\u1ed5i: 30; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 2,2 t\u1ef7 USD; Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Eacebook \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. Tin n\u00e0y n\u1ed5 ra chi v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf. Trong phim The Social Net\u0129vork, Saverin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Mark Zuckerberg, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1i v\u1edbi Eacebook v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 5% c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Hi\u1ec7n anh gi\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Brazil, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Singapore v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. 6. Sean Parker: Tu\u1ed5i: 33; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 2 t\u1ef7 USD; Parker \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u25a0- fi\u1ec9","Airtime, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng trang web chat video n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a anh. \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 19, Parker \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y chao \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu \u00e2m v\u1edbi trang web trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Napster. Anh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pacebook \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 24. 7. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Albert (V\u00f9ng Thurn und Taxis, \u0110\u1ee9c): Tu\u1ed5i: 29; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 1,5 t\u1ef7 USD; Albert xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Porbes t\u1eeb khi l\u00ean 8, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, sau l\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eadt 18 tu\u1ed5i. Anh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111ua xe v\u00e0 tham gia thi \u0111\u1ea5u trong gi\u1ea3i \u0111ua \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c. 8. Marie Besnier Beauvalot: Tu\u1ed5i: 32; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 1,5 t\u1ef7 USD; Marie, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em l\u00e0 Emmanuel, 42 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 Jean- Michel, 45 tu\u1ed5i, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eefa kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Lactalis c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Pr\u00e9sident n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f4 mai, s\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1eefa chua kh\u00e1c. 9. Pahd Hariri: Tu\u1ed5i: 32; Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 1,35 t\u1ef7 USD; Hariri l\u00e0 con trai \u00fat c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Lebanon Ra\u00edik Hariri. Anh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ecole Sp\u00e9ciale d'Architecture de Paris n\u0103m 2004. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Ar\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00fat. 10. Ayman Hariri: Tu\u1ed5i: 34; Tr\u1ecb.gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n: 1,35 t\u1ef7 USD; Hariri c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Lebanon - Ra\u00edik Hariri. Anh n\u00e0y tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Saudi Oger, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ar\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00fat, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Hariri.","Can h\u00e3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00e3 l\u1eebi Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngh\u0129 ra chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1911 t\u1ea1i S\u01a1n T\u1ea7y v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1934, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i t\u1ee9 th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"\u00e1o d\u00e0i Le Mur\\\". C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u H\u1ecda s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Le mur(!). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 14 ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, 1936: \\\"Tr\u1eddi sinh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ri\u00eang, ch\u1ed7 n\u1edf, ch\u1ed7 th\u1eaft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01a1n tu\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p k\u1eb9o siu hay \u1ed1ng b\u1ed9t \\\"N\u00e9t l\u00ea\\\". Sau n\u1eefa, ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00eam b\u1edbt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp ch\u1ebfp th\u00eam, m\u00e0 \u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eadp m\u1ea1p ph\u1ea3i cho l\u1eb3n th\u00ec tr\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t v\u1ebb kh\u1eb3ng khiu hay s\u1ed3 s\u1ec1. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee7a sang hay th\u00eam b\u1edbt \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1eeb k\u1ef3 sau t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00f4 b\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e1c b\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u201cqu\u00e1ng g\u00e0\\\" ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hay, ta theo, d\u1edf ta b\u1ecf, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u1eafm, r\u1edfm \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc... T\u00f4i h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00e1o ^0 - fi\u1ec9","m\u1edbi ra m\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. M\u1edbi tho\u1ea1t tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 l\u1ea1. Song c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u01a1i l\u1ea1 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u1ea1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng - n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p - n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m - suy x\u00e9t, h\u1eb3n ai c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1eeda sang m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u0169 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ai d\u00e1m s\u1eeda sang cho \u201cto chuy\u1ec7n\u201d. V\u1eady ki\u1ec3u \u00e1o n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, xin c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u1ecf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 y ph\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi...\\\" Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y cung v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1ee7y cung n\u00e0o o l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? Th\u1ee7y cung (Aquarium) l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan, chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Th\u1ee7y cung Georgia (Georgia Aquarium) l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y cung l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf Atlanta (Hoa K\u1ef3). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e9 v\u00e0o xem \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecbt. Ng\u00e0y 23-11-2005, th\u1ee7y cung Georgia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u1edf c\u1eeda. Th\u1ee7y cung Georgia c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7y cung n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 10 tri\u1ec7u gallon (38 tri\u1ec7u Ht) n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1979, Bernie Marcus - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra h\u00e3ng Home Depot, m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Atlanta, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9. \u00f4 n g Marcus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n 250 tri\u1ec7u USD \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee7y cung v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 11.000.000 l\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u0103m th\u1ee7y cung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 400 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 2.000 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean. Th\u1ee7y cung \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh t\u1edbi 25% kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ec9 \u00e2 - \u2018 K \u25a0\u25a0^ -a . . - 'S f","Con h\u1ecfi b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u00f2i v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh, \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1 heo h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ho\u00e0nh \u1eef\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t AT&T Tales Dolphin, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 heo v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 0 .7 'V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc\\\" l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p. \u1edf ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n \u1edf ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u1ee9 n g x\u1eed, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc, s\u1edf th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng IB ' \u25a0","\u0111\u1ecdc. \u1ee9 n g x\u1eed, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i h\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc (th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch), \u1ee9 n g x\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 trii truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00f4n vinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc), \u1ee9 n g x\u1eed, gi\u00e1 tri v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc, s\u1edf th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5u th\u01a1, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f2n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau khi ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1edf th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh","Con h \u00e0i b\u1ed1 m ? tr\u00fa l\u1eebi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a chmh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chmh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975, c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 4.000 t\u00ean s\u00e1ch, ng\u00e0y nay h\u00e0ng n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 25.000 t\u00ean s\u00e1ch, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 6 l\u1ea7n, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 10%. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 400 t\u00ean b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 500.000 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh t\u1edbi huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, kh\u1eafp t\u1eeb B\u1eafc t\u1edbi Nam, bao g\u1ed3m 64 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9nh, 587 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf x\u00e3. Trong lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 10.000 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 10.000 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3 v\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 12.000 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Tuy v\u1eady c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch d\u00e0y tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... Tuy s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 t\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 80% l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Internet \u1eefong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin, tri th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u00ea bao tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n Internet v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1. (S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Vi\u00eam \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean ivebsite c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam)","T\u1ea1\u00ed sao \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng l\u1ea1\u00ed c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0u: \u0111\u1ecf, xanh l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng? G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 3 m\u00e0u: \u0111\u1ecf - v\u00e0ng - xanh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho t\u1eebng m\u00e0u l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ecf d\u1eebng, v\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4n (Anh) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1868, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 giao gi\u1eefa ph\u1ed1 George v\u00e0 Bridge. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai \\\"c\u00e1nh tay\\\" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u ngang, gi\u01a1 bi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00e0u s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n v\u1ebd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u00e0u \u0111ang s\u1eafp \u0111i qua. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1u v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \\\"d\u1eebng\\\" cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c xe \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf g\u1ee3i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u1eef\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \\\"d\u1eebng\\\" v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 mi? tr\u1ec2i l\u00f2i c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c d\u00f9ng trong giao th\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, g\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u00e0u xanh g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1\u00ed xe khi nh\u00ecn n\u00f3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u xanh c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u00e1i xe nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra m\u00e0u n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1eefong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1eafp chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00e8n xanh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u01b0 th\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00edt g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho l\u00e1i xe h\u01a1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho ban \u0111\u00eam b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb xa. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\"? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng l\u00e0 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, c\u00f2n hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng. V\u00e0, m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, n\u1eafng n\u00f4i su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi! H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \\\"M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo c\u00e1ch suy lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng? S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7p. Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \\\"M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. c \u1ea5 u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t A hai B (trong \u0111\u00f3 A v\u00e0 B c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t v\u1eeba hai ph\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng hai ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e3i ch\u00e0i","hai ng\u00e0y ph\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1edbi... Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \\\"M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \\\"M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eafng, s\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 gian tru\u00e2n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, hai c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u01a1ng hai n\u1eafng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec1u, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u00e0, s\u1ef1 l\u00e1y l\u1ea1i \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eaft gao c\u1ee7a n\u1eafng, s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng bao nhi\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c? O\u2019 Theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, con s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1eef\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 2.000 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t xa. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi ngh\u00ecn tri\u1ec7u, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u l\u00ean","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u1ec2i l\u1edfi t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 100 tri\u1ec7u ngu\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi H\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi In\u0111uxtan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u0103nggan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Braxin, 60 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb 10 tri\u1ec7u, 92 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u. Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Philippin, Indonesia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Indonesia c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Nigieria, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 250 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 80 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 1\/8 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 h \u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn, chi\u1ebfm n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng d\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 170 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kho\u1ea3ng 20 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf Hoa ki\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n \u1edf C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ^8 .","qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 120 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1eefong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nh\u1eadt v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3o L\u01b0u C\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ainu \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Hokkaido nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c \\\"\u0111a s\u1ed1\\\" (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ainu). Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110an M\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i sao tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd Olympic l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 5 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 5 0 * ? v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec ? L\u00e1 c\u1edd Olympic c\u00f3 5 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi 5 m\u00e0u: xanh da tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0ng, \u0111en, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecf xen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u1eef\u1eafng. L\u00e1 c\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam t\u01b0\u1edbc Pierre de Coubertin v\u1ebd n\u0103m 1913. N\u0103m v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho 5 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c (ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u00c2u, M\u1ef9, Phi, \u00fac) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed7i l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 trong 5 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a 5 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean. L\u00e1 c\u1edd Olympic \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Olympic 1920 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Antwerp, B\u1ec9. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"Citius, Altius, Portius\\\" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \\\"Nhanh h\u01a1n, cao h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n\\\" c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd Olympic sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd Antwerp. Trong su\u1ed1t 64 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1920 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1984), l\u00e1","Can h\u1edfi b a m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u1eebi C\u1edc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Olympic. Cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1988, sau khi th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 c\u0169, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Olympic n\u0103m 1988. o T\u1ea1i sao bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u00e1i ly? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Y khoa \u0111\u00e3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, n\u00f3i chung ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ng\u00e3 ng\u0169 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Pindare, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean; Esculape m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi \u01a1n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi G\u1eady - r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n G\u1eady - hai r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n R\u1eafn - c\u00e1i ly n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Asc\u1ec9q)\u1ec9us Hermes Hygeia ^0","c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1eef Esculape v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh t\u1eeb chung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Esculape, h\u1eadu th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tay c\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y nguy\u1ec7t qu\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n chung quanh. Con r\u1eafn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Elaphe longissima, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u0169ng theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nguy cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u0111ang gieo r\u1eafc n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Esculape \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong l\u00fac h\u1ecd \u0111ang ng\u1ee7. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u00e2y g\u1eady ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Esculape. Con r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u00e2y g\u1eady t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con r\u1eafn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 qu\u1ea5n quanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ly ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n cao. Chi\u1ebfc ly\/c\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u00e9n thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Hygeia, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. Con r\u1eafn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb trung. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con r\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh y.","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m ? tr\u1ec2i l\u00fai M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. .......................................................................................... 7 Th\u00e0nh p h\u1ed1 Babilon n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o?. ............................. 9 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. .............................................................................. 10 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft in b\u00e1o t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. ......................................................................... 11 H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ...................................................................... 12 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p ch\u00fang qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 hay l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3?. ....... 13 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o?. ........................................ 15 Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5t?. ..................................... 16 Ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ea5t?. ................................................................17 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m?. ...........................................19 T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00e2u Nam c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ......................................................... 21 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh?. ..................................................................................... 21 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Napol\u00e9on t\u1ef1 phong l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p?....................................................... 23 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai?. .........................25 ASEAN g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. .......................................... 26 T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v \u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ............................................ 28 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i 2\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0 Lan n\u1eb1m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n?. ......................... 29","T\u1ea1i sao n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7?... 30 T\u1ea1i sao d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ................................... 31 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn binh l\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung?. ................................... 33 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac G\u00f4-t\u00edch?. ........................................................................................... 34 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u00ec?. ........................ 35 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?......................................................................................... 37 Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch nhau t\u1edbi 650km?. .................................................... 38 N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o cho\u00e1n h\u1ebft bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi p h\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3?. ................................................... 39 T\u1ea1i sao M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n nhau l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi?. .............................................................................. 41 R\u1eebng m\u01b0a Amazon thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0o?. ................................................................... 42 N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e0o c\u1ecd m\u0169i v\u00e0o nhau?. ...................................................................... 43 N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. .......................................... 44 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Esperanto c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ................ 46 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi Di\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y?. .............................................................. 47 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh si\u00eau th\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee1?. ................................................48 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecda s\u0129 Picasso l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i L\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc?. ............................................................................. 49 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ebfch-xpia ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 anh ch\u0103n ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 so\u00e1t v\u00e9 \u1edf r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t?. ............................................................................... 51 Ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9?.................... ............................. 52 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Mecca?. ................................. 53 Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. ................................................55","Con h \u00e0 l b \u00e1 m y tr\u00e1 l\u1eddl_____________________________________________ Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng to l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?. ................................................................... 56 Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa?. ..................................................................................... 58 T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u00f5 Sumo?. ............................................................... 59 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Mandela \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n 250 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh?. ..........................................................................61 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 25 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1cPhi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7?. ............................ 62 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n p h\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1ea5t?. .......................................................63 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt?. ........................64 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n?. ...................................................................66 V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Singapore c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1?.............................67 T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 t\u00f3t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1ea7y Ban Nha?. .......................................68 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i?............................................................................................ 70 T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh?............................71 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i n\u0103m n\u00e0o?. ................. 73 Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed?. ............................. 75 T\u1ea1i sao Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi 4 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t cao?.... 76 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi n\u00e0o?. ...............................77 L\u1ec5 Vu Lan c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?. ............................................. 79 Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o g\u00ec?. ..................... 80 Tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u0169 L\u00f4i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?. .............................................................. 82 C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hy L\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o?. ................................................................... 83 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n?. ................................................................................ 84 Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m p h\u00e1 ra B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c?. ..................................................................... 86 Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m p h\u00e1 ra ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng?. ....................................................... 87 Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201c sao\\\" l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?. ......................................... 88","Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 ti\u1ec5n \u00f4ng T\u00e1o ch\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi?. .................................................................. 89 C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Th\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng, Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba, Th\u1ed5 K\u1ef3?. ................................... 90 Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng? Hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t?. ..................................... 92 Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o?. ........... 93 Ng\u00e0y Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o?. .............................. 94 Ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0o?. ......................................... 95 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n treo c\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m?. ........................................ 97 Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o?. .................................................................. 98 9 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c n\u00e0o?. ................... 99 D\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201c L\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh qua c\u1eeda Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9, kh\u00e9o tu th\u00ec n\u1ed5i, v\u1ee5ng tu th\u00ec ch\u00ecm\u201d . V\u1eady c\u1eeda Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?. ................................................................101 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecda l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng 18 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng g\u00ec v\u1eady?. ......................................................................................... 103 Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0dng ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady. C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?............................................................................................. 105 \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?. ................................................... 107 V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0y m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec?. ................... 108 C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ec3u c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau?. ................................................................................ 110 \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u201ct\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u may\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec?. ................................................. 112 Qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o?. ............................................................. 114 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 R\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n?. .................................................................................. 117 Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng?. .......................................118","Can h \u00e3i b\u1ed5 m v tr\u00e1 l\u00f2ri T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i \u201c \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m mua mu\u1ed1i, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m mua v\u00f4i\u201d ? . ................................................ 120 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ki\u00eang qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c ra ngo\u00e0i trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft?. ................................. 122 T\u1ed1t Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o?. .............................. 124 T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 p hong t\u1ee5c Xin ch\u1eef v\u00e0 Cho ch\u1eef trong d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n?. ........................ 125 Ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2013?. ............................................................ 127 Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngh\u0129 ra chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam................130 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y cung v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1ee7y cung n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?. ..........................131 \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc\\\" l\u00e0 g\u00ec?. ........................................................................................................ 132 T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0u: \u0111\u1ecf, xanh l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng?. ......................... 135 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c M\u1ed9t n\u1eafng hai s\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ?. ........................................................................136 Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng bao nhi\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c?..................................................................... 137 T\u1ea1i sao tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd Olympic l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 5 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 5 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?. ....139 T\u1ea1i sao bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u00e1i ly ? . ............................. 140","1 t\u1ea7 L Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c - T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp KH\u00daC TH\u1eca HOA PH\u01af\u1ee2NG Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh B\u00eca: Ng\u00f4 Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: Ph\u1ea1m Huy\u1ec1n S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: Th\u00f9y Dung NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee 39 H\u00e0ng Chu\u1ed1i - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u0110T: (04) 39717979 - 39717980 - 39710717 - 39716727 - 39712831 FAX: (04) 39712830 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nxbphunu.com.vn Chi nh\u00e1nh; 16 Alexandre de Rhodes - Q. I - TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed M\u1ee9\u1ee9\u00ec. \u0110T: (08) 38234806 In 1.500 cu\u1ed1n, kh\u1ed5 16 X 24cm, t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng ty TNHH ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Minh \u0110\u1ea1t, s\u1ed1 4, ng\u00e1ch 41 \/9, ng\u00f5 41 Th\u00e1i H\u00e0, \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Gi\u1ea5y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn KHXB s\u1ed1; 266-2015\/CXBIPH\/72-04\/PN k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 13\/2\/2015. Gi\u1ea5y Q\u0110XB s\u1ed1; 627\/Q\u0110-PN. In xong n\u1ed9p l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u qu\u00fd IV n\u0103m 2015.","B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Con h\u1ecfi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Trong l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi NASA (c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 M\u1ef9), c\u00f4 b\u00e9 Clara Ma, 12 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf iB-tSTU\u00daII th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ' KHOA H\u1eccC X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I Lenex, bang Kansas - M\u1ef9 v\u1ec9\u1ebfb \u2018S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m \u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ed7i IWM*d\u00c9M 0\u00bbTM(M * M ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn chau th\u1ee9c g\u1ec9ac m\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 I A\u1ec1AfHMMmMi tftf#M(7 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi h\u00f4m nay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd mang t\u1edbi cho ch\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec... T\u00f2 m \u00f2 i\u00e0 m \u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. 1 Iti\u1eb7titt\u1ec1m \u1eb7im \u1ebf*rf \u1ec8Ch\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y \/ HpfM*\u00abta\u00ab1M#mplMMi*if h\u00f4m nay\u2019. l\u1ec7tci\u1ec1\u00e9m \u1ebfm \u1ec1iw \u00e3^ l\u1ea1t^9^ t AI? T\u1ea1i sao? Th\u1ebfn\u00e0o?... lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f2 rni\u00e1tumttmm\/m m\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb lu\u00f4n t\u00f2 m\u00f2 s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t a to t*<M JM\u00abHf M \u00ab*\u2022\u00ab\u00ab\u00bb CM\u00bbl\u00abMW tri\u1ec3n, say m \u00ea kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9eu ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ec9en th\u00fa v\u1ecb ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n. \u25a0\u00abMa*M Mfi *\u00abMM*Mr Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1 m \u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 con tr\u1ebb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm t\u00f2i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. B\u1ed1 fMf<\u00c9dHf\u00c3i9e\u1ea9\u00abM\u2019M \u00ccirafH \u00c9 iM |rc\u00ab^M m \u1eb9 n\u00ean d\u00e2n d\u00e1t con qua nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ec1\u1ebd\u1ec1tm\u00a7mtf\\\\tl\u1ebe>\u1ebfiMtm\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb, \u0111e tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 U\u1ec2m9t\u1ec1f\u1ea7\u00bb9t\u00bbm\u00e0li*H\u00a7M \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ebb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xung quanh. \u00f5k iM r \u00abM a\u00e9n w\u1ebfaf mMlyMMtMciM*m4<MM) *\u1ec3nf\/ \u00c1__\u00abMawlr\u00abMaMwM 16-15 TU I\u1ec8II KHOA H\u1eccC T\u1ee4 NHI\u00caN HHHI \u25a0 bMk \u1ecbMh i \u2022\u1ebf\u1ec2\u1ec7n\u1ea5\u1ec2\u00ed \u00ab\u00ab\u2022 c<cfcM>(M \u00abMMMttr I HM\u00bb\u00abM\\\"f*>MMrM|\u00bbr \u25a0 1lrlimfw\u1ec1mt\u1ec3\u1ec1tt\u1eb7\u1ebf\u00e1tkl\u1eadm\u0111^t*m \u25a01^ta)6M\u00bb<M\u1ea7i\u00ab4MMtA\u00bb? \u2022 nf9K\u1eca\u00edtitf\u00bbinr NMauAMNmUNO"]
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