["n\u0103m 20.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean sang ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 qua eo bi\u1ec3n Bering. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 10.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, t\u1edbi t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u0103n th\u00fa. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1.500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu, b\u00ed...). Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Hoa K\u1ef3, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c da \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 1%. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao, kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u1ea7y. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, hay m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00d3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Mecca? Mecca (M\u1ebfch-ca) l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00fa t. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba a . . --\u1ea9' \u25a0\u25a0\u2018\u1ec9\u1ed5 - 5^","Can h\u00e0i b\u1ed1 m \u1eb9 trb l\u1eddi Mecca b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh kinh ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng) trong th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u1eafng. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Ramadan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y (v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y). Sau khi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Mecca, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \\\"Haj\\\" ho\u1eb7c \\\"Haji\\\". V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1.700.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (2008), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Mecca n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 277m tr\u00ean m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1.200km^. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Hajj h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Mecca \u0111i b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n quanh Kaaba v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 13.000.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m Mecca h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn Mecca l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111en linh thi\u00eang m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng cho Adam \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. ^ -\u1ec9\u1ecf \\\" - Sb","Q )\u00bb ? Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc cho v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i Homo sapiens sapiens, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Homo sapiens. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong lo\u00e0i Homo sapiens c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng mang t\u00ean Homo sapiens idaltu. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i Homo sapiens \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ch\u00e2u Phi kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 250.000 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Homo erectus. Lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u01b0 tr\u00fa r\u1ed3i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 - 70.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00fa c kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 - 15.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang thay th\u1ebf lo\u00e0i Homo neandertha\u1ec9ensis v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Homo \u1ef7loresinesis v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Homo erectus (ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0o h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) do c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u0103n b\u1eaft-h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, m\u1ed9t Au4r\u1ec9iOfxthrc\u01b0^ro\u1ec9x^t\u01b0t HnmohdixtK Hiimov\u00edp\u1ec7MHneanderttuk-miv Homn Sipiens","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tnh l\u1eebf l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1eaft th\u00fa v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i l\u1ea5y th\u1ecbt, v\u1ec1 sau n\u1eefa, khi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ra \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n b\u1eaft hay kh\u00f4ng). Tuy nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, sinh s\u1ed1ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m n\u1ed1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (hay n\u00f3i l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ea7y). Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u, H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u, B\u0103c Kinh (Trung Qu\u00f4c) qua M\u00f4ng C\u1ed7, An \u0110\u1ed9, A\u00edghanistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Iraq, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Hy L\u1ea1p, xung quanh v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 6.437km. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, \u01b0\u01a1m t\u01a1, d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, sau n\u00e0y l\u1ee5a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb khi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa mang v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c, sa, nhi\u1ec5u... \u0111\u1ebfn Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 La M\u00e3","\u2022^,0 ^ ^ s \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Trung Hoa. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. Khi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n suy vong v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, do th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng - T\u1ea7y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u0169ng b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i d\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf r\u1ea5t cao khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n). T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. H\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a vang l\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 (Iran ng\u00e0y nay) d\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trung chuy\u1ec3n t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho La M\u00e3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Trung Hoa n\u1eefa.","Can h \u1ea3i b \u1ea5 mi\u1ea1 tr\u00e3 l\u1ee9i Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa? M\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. K\u1ecbch m\u00faa gi\u00e0u s\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea7y. M\u00faa ba-l\u00ea (ballet) b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cung \u0111\u00ecnh \u00dd \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. N\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ba-l\u00ea c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Nga v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 thi\u00ean nga (c\u1ee7a Tchaikovsky). Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c m\u00faa c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. M\u00faa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u00faa ba-l\u00ea. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00faa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh m\u00faa \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, t\u00f9y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: nh\u1ea3y, m\u00faa, khi\u00eau v\u0169..., trong \u0111\u00f3 khi\u00eau v\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t theo \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u. M\u00faa - SB' \u25a0\u25a0 - -\u1ecbf\u1ec1- - -\u00cdS - - \u2018","c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Trong tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec7u Jitterbug tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 30-40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u0110i\u1ec7u Jive Rock and Roll g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 40-50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Twist l\u00e0 v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y Disco, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y Breakdancing m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ef1 do. i \u1ecd * ? T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u00f5 Sumo? G Sumo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n v\u00f5 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Hai l\u1ef1c s\u0129 Sumo s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dohyo c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 4,55 m\u00e9t (hay 15 shaku theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n). L\u1ef1c s\u0129 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c. Sumo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 iS \u25a0-3 t","Can h\u00e3i bo m \u1eb8 tr\u00e0 Icri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u Sumo l\u00e0 m\u00f4n v\u00f5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao y\u00eau th\u00edch. Sumo ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea7y nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f5 s\u0129 Sumo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh h\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 Sumo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nhanh nh\u1eb9n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1eef\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f5 s\u0129 Sumo v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean v\u00f5 \u0111\u00e0i, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 v\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f5 s\u0129 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean v\u00f5 \u0111\u00e0i. Khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n r\u1ed3i th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \\\"Sumo\\\" th\u00f4i. V\u00f5 s\u0129 n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 th\u00ec v\u1ee3 ch\u1ec9 lo vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ch\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f5 nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \\\"Sumo\\\" ph\u1ea3i qua k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn g\u1eaft gao v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi\u1ec1u cao, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, c\u00e1c v\u00f5 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00f2 v\u00f5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trong 2 n\u0103m, ai t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh v\u00f5 s\u0129 \\\"Sumo\\\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh v\u00f5 s\u0129 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: Th\u1ee9c d\u1eady t\u1eeb 4 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec1u rau, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 c\u00e1, \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5... \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi t\u1edbi 260-270kg nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 Sumo \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u1edf Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 6 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u sumo ch\u00ednh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 2 th\u00e1ng 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 1,3,5,7,9,11 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5u \u1eefong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Osaka, Aichi, Pukuoka, ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Tokyo 3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf Shin-kokugikan. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 15 ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u00f5 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f3 v\u00f5 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n thu\u1edfng do kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, tay v\u00f5 s\u0129 v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \\\"t\u00e2m\\\". Ai th\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 3.000.000 Yen (23.000 USD) v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00fap","\\\"Sumo\\\" n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi 20-30kg. Gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 45.000 Yen (300 USD). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n t\u1eb7ng ti\u1ec1n cho tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f5 s\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u00e1i m\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu thua th\u00ec kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 tay \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7. C \u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Mandela \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n 250 gi\u1ea3i ^ th\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh? Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nam Phi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u1ebfn 1999, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nam Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, Mandela l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a apacthai (apartheid, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Phi (ANC). V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962 \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh Nelsop M\u1ea1ndel\u1ea1 1964 <994)|k NGU\u1eecI H\u00d9NG C\u1ee6A H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH \u1ecb BiUl\u1eadliiOWi;l\u2014 IM m ltnM i.i4\u00e9n\u00abM nadiniw < lu\u00ablnateM n)n\u00ab.","Con h\u00e0i b \u1ea5 mi\u00bb trih l\u1edfi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n. Mandela \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 27 n\u0103m trong lao t\u00f9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3o Robben. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1990, Mandela \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. Trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u1ebfn 1999, Mandela th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1ea1i Nam Phi, Mandela c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Madiba, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u danh d\u1ef1 m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trao cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0ng. Mandela \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n 250 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1993. e ^ C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 25 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Phi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7? Cho d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng 400 n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 25 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1eabn tr\u1ebb em ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Carib\u00ea (Caribbean) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1eefong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i giam gi\u1eef \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi sang ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Carib\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1680 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. \u0110a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c bang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. N\u0103m 1861 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Li\u00ean bang, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 (1861-1865). N\u0103m 1865 mi\u1ec1n Nam","\u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a 600.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u1edf \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1833, \u1edf M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1865 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1890 th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 noi theo. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 coi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb. \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1ea5t? < \u2022\u2022\u2022? N\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n): c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nhau; quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n; tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n; quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed; quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh","Can h\u1ecfi bo tnh l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, trong khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2011, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Newsweek \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a h \u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e9t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi Lauren Streib theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: Iceland, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Canada, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, Na Uy, Hoa K\u1ef3, Australia v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan. C\u00f2n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y: Chad, A\u00edganistan, Yemen, CHDC C\u00f4ng G\u00f4, Mali, Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Solomon, Niger, Pakistan, Ethiopia v\u00e0 Sudan. G^ ? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ^ b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt? Louvre l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn 1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Paris, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. N h\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Louvre ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, nh\u1edd","nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Napol\u00e9on, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Louvre. Nh\u01b0ng sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p trong tr\u1eadn VVaterloo, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u0169. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Louvre t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Bourbon ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ec7 tam c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt mua l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c di v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, Louvre l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n m inh c\u1ed5, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 cho t\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 210.000m^Louvre tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y 35.000 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 380.000 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. Trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n V\u1ec7 N\u1eef, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Samothrace, Mona Lisa, N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 ghi b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammurabi, t\u1ea5m bia Mesha. N\u0103m 2008, Louvre \u0111\u00f3n 8,5 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1ch, gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t Paris, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng thu h\u00fat nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 Icri C - \u2019 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecd\u00ed l\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n? Phong t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Phong t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 nghi th\u1ee9c, nghi l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Phong t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay th\u1eadm ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, gia t\u1ed9c. Phong t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phong t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 phong t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 sinh \u0111\u1ebb, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u01b0\u1edbi xin, m\u1eebng th\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00ean l\u00e3o... Phong t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c, \u0103n s\u00e2u, b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phong t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo chu k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft trong n\u0103m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phong t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c \u0103n tr\u1ea7u, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o, l\u1ec5 giao th\u1eeba, l\u1ec5 c\u00fang Th\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed5, l\u1ec5 t\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1n, l\u1ec5 t\u1ea3o m\u1ed9, l\u1ec5 d\u1ea1m ng\u00f5, l\u1ec5 \u0103n h\u1ecfi, l\u1ec5 c\u00fang gia ti\u00ean, t\u1ee5c L\u00ec x\u00ec, t\u1ee5c Xin ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m...","0 .7 V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Singapore c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1? C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Singapore, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Singapore g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh thoi, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 60 \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf. Singapore l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a cao, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00edt th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Singapore li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Singapore, sau chi\u1ebfn tranh Singapore tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb nu\u1edbc Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ih\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Malaysia, tuy nhi\u00ean Singapore t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Malaysia hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Singapore ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n con h\u1ed5 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Singapore l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m c\u1ea3ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi 500 h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Singapore ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c i\u00e2 \\\"St \u25a0","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 mi^ tr\u1ec2i l\u1eddi bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, Singapore c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Singapore, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Singapore c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: 75% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Malaysia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi An \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Au-A. Qu\u00f4c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u00f4n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Malaysia, ti\u1ebfng Hoa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Tamil, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a nguy\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Singapore t\u1ea1o cho qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh Singapore l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c b\u1eadc trung. T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 t\u00f3t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha? \u0110\u1ea5u b\u00f2 t\u00f3t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7y Ban Nha v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1ea7y Ban Nha. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thu ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng con b\u00f2 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt x\u1ea5u s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho con b\u00f2 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2 b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e1t \u0111\u00e2m k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u0169i ki\u1ebfm. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u00ean s\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1eaby nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1edd m\u00e0u - f ti\u2018 \u25a0\u25a0 - -\u1ec6 \u1ec6 . - -\u00e1S -","h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00eau ch\u1ecdc b\u00f2 t\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang xem. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 v\u00e0 con b\u00f2 t\u00f3t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Hai \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng trang ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c, c\u01b0\u1ee1i hai con tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc con b\u00f2 x\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi con ng\u1ef1a th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 s\u1ebd mau l\u1eb9 c\u1ea7m ng\u1ecdn m\u00e1c d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i u ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng con b\u00f2. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m lao m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t tr\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u00e2u c\u00e2y lao v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n con b\u00f2. Sau c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 v\u00e0 con b\u00f2 m\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 m\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u00eau kim tuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 t\u00f3t hung d\u1eef b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ea5u s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng vung t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u1eed cho con b\u00f2 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lao t\u1edbi h\u00fac, r\u1ed3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi con b\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi c\u01a1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng m\u0169i ki\u1ebfm s\u1eafc v\u00e0o tim con b\u00f2, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft. Trong ti\u1ebfng hoan h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1eaft tai con b\u00f2 t\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3 ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch. Xem \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1","Cnn h \u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 trdi l\u00f9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1ea7y Ban Nha nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 t\u00f3t \u0111ang g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i t\u1ea1i l\u1ea7y Ban Nha, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 t\u00f3t bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00fa v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho con b\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi \u0111\u1ea5u. Q \u00a9 \u00ab ? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i? Th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00ean h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. Truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Mil \\\\ f s %AS MIOA \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tin l\u00e0 I \u25a0ni\u00c3NTHO\u1ea0I ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. Tuy th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i I H\u1ef8 L\u1ea0P t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m quan th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c","kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi l\u1ec5, l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n d\u1ea1y), c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca, v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u v.v. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \\\"v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n\\\" hay \\\"khoa h\u1ecdc\\\" c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, v \u1ec1 sau, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb... th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u1ea5y v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u trong ch\u00fang h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u1ed9i dung. Tuy v\u1eady, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 thi ca nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, khoa h\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y... C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (th\u00f4ng qua truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1eed thi d\u00e2n gian) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i (t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). N\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u0169ng l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: Th\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5 tr\u1eddi, N\u1eef th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, Th\u1ea7n M\u01b0a, Cu\u1ed9c tu b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt, Th\u1ea7n L\u00faa, \u00f4 n g Tr\u1eddi, L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n-\u00c2u C\u01a1, S\u01a1n Tinh-Th\u1ee7y Tinh,... G \u1ef8 T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh? Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c","Con h \u00e3i b \u00e1 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u1edfi h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh. Trong g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kito gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n sang Palestine \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tranh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Jerusalem. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 Deus Vul\u1ec9l (Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf!) h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11-1096, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Normandi. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jarusalem v\u00e0 Antioch, l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Palestine v\u00e0 Syri. Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh th\u1ee9 hai (1147-1149) ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a phe H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Qu\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 1187 qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jerusalem v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh. Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh th\u1ee9 ba (1189-1192) qu\u00e2n Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh, tr\u1eeb Jerusalem. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1202- 1204) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1217-1221) r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1222-1229). V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y (1248-1254) \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Louis IX","b\u1ecb b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 sau khi tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n chu\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (1270-1272), khi \u0111\u00f3 phe H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n th\u00eam. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1291 h\u1ecd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng Acre. Nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh \u0111\u00e0nh an c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3o S\u00edp (Cyprus). Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i n\u0103m n\u00e0o? Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i (hay \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Th\u1ec3 thao Olympic) l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u1eefanh t\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xen k\u1ebd nhau hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m ch\u1eb5n). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 thao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111ua s\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ec3 thao th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 776 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3 Theodosius I c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 394. Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam t\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Pierre Pr\u00e8dy de Coubertin t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh","Con h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb8 tr\u00e0 l\u00f9i t\u1ea1i Athens t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25\/3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3\/4\/1896, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 285 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c 12 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n thi \u0111\u1ea5u 9 m\u00f4n, g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh, \u0111\u1ea5u ki\u1ebfm, b\u1eafn s\u00fang, b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, c\u1eed t\u1ea1, v\u1eadt, xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 2 t\u1ea1i Paris, n\u0103m 1900, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia thi \u0111\u1ea5u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, phong tr\u00e0o Olympic kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, \u1ee7 y ban Olympic qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (lOC) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o Olympic, v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, lOC ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 cho m\u1ed7i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic. Trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c, trong m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c Olympic. H\u01a1n 13.000 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf 33 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 400 cu\u1ed9c thi. C\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao trong m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c thi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic: v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t doping trong thi \u0111\u1ea5u, n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1952 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tranh t\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1972. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, Vi\u1ec7t Nam tranh t\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980 t\u1edbi nay. V\u00ec l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 hai k\u1ef3 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i 1976 v\u00e0 1984. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tham gia.","o * \u00ed Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 (hay Trung \u0111\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 750 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Theo sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5, T\u00e2y \u00c2u tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o (kh\u00f4ng theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o). N\u0103m 800 Charlemagne \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n phong ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi Trung \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00e1o khu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. Vua giao \u0111\u1ea5t cho l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p s\u0129, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 cho l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Viking, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Tr\u0103m n\u0103m (1337- 1453) n\u1ed5 ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vua Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tranh nhau quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Kho\u1ea3ng sau n\u0103m 1100 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1400 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tham gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n.","Can h \u00e0i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e3 l\u1eddi T\u1ea1i sao Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi 4 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eefch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t cao? Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea7y \u00c2u v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 83.859km2 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 8,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang g\u1ed3m 26 bang v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Berne v\u00e0 hai trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve v\u00e0 Zurich. Do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn n\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 4 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng \u00dd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Romansh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1815 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan \u1eef\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u1ee7 y ban Ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1eef\u00ean d\u00e3y n\u00fai Alps nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0","nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf, d\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00edt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 40 d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao tr\u00ean 4.000m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf-t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1eef\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u1eefong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0: C\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng), \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh-ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, du l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan \u1eef\u1ecdng \u1eefong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u1ea7n. Thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (GDP\/PPP) t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 47.863USD (2014). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfn binh, h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n, tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Scandinavia, v\u00f9ng \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Na Uy, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd \u0111i bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tay c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed3m \u0111i kh\u1eafp ch\u1ea7u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Viking b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng","Con h \u00e1i b \u00e1 m(? tr\u1ec2i l\u1ee9i CU\u1ed8C th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-Saxon, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea3o Portland, g\u1ea7n qu\u1eadn Dorset c\u1ee7a Anh, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 787. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 793 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Lindis\u00edarne ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Trong hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c Viking v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-Saxon, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n T\u1ea7y v\u00e0 B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Anh c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ireland, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ireland v\u00e0 Scotland. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia, Ph\u00e1p, v\u00f9ng Baltic v\u00e0 Nga, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Gre\u00e8nland, Iceland, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Paroe. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking t\u1edbi ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Christopher Columbus nh\u1eefng 500 n\u0103m v\u00e0","\u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea7y D\u01b0\u01a1ng - m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bang Newfoundland v\u00e0 Labrador c\u1ee7a Canada. < ^ ? L\u1ec5 Vu Lan c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Vu Lan hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ebft Trung nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 B\u00e1o hi\u1ebfu. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a Vu Lan ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 con ch\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 X\u00e1 t\u1ed9i vong nh\u00e2n. Theo t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1edf c\u1eeda ng\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c vong nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 c\u00fang C\u00f4 h\u1ed3n (v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u) cho c\u00e1c vong linh kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u1edd c\u00fang. Theo kinh Vu Lan th\u00ec ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tu luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. M\u1ea5u th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Thanh \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft ph\u00e9p nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm. Th\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i sinh l\u00e0m Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em c\u01a1m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn C\u00f5i qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng m\u1eb9. Tuy nhi\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y n\u00ean m\u1eb9 \u1ec9 \u0111 - -31 \u25a0\u25a0S - - . g\u0129 j . .","Can h \u00e3i b \u1ea5 mia trih Icri c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tay che b\u00e1t c\u01a1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4 h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn tranh c\u01b0\u1edbp, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecf. M\u1ee5c Li\u00ean quay v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u m\u1eb9, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \\\"D\u00f9 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1edd h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi mong gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y (\u00e2m l\u1ecbch) l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 cung th\u1ec9nh Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eafm s\u1eeda l\u1ec5 c\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3\\\". T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang R\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00fang \u1edf ch\u00f9a (th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt) tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang t\u1ea1i gia. L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, khi M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7n. Tr\u00ean m\u00e2m c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u00e2m c\u1ed7 m\u1eb7n, ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f5i \u00c2m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean m\u00e2m c\u00fang ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecfng ng\u00f4, ch\u00e8 lam, k\u1eb9o v\u1eebng, k\u1eb9o d\u1ed3i, b\u00e1nh qu\u1ebf, ch\u00e1o, ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1c g\u1ea1o tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i, ng\u00f4, khoai lang lu\u1ed9c, ch\u00e1o hoa... v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 h\u1ed3n, ma \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. \u1edf ch\u00f9a khi c\u00fang ch\u00fang sinh xong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb xung quanh \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i cho ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00fang: nh\u01b0 b\u1ecfng, o\u1ea3n... t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 h\u1ed3n... Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng F H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o g\u00ec? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh, \u0111\u1eadp, tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m, \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u00fang cho m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u1ea7y, s\u00f4ng \u0110u\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, s\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Lu\u1ed9c \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam. M\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, B\u1eafc Ninh, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i - -ifg - - \u25a0 ft\u1ec9","D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1958. T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 200km. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n Quan (r\u1ed9ng 19m, 4 khoang c\u1eeda, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 75mVs). N\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed1ng C\u1ea7u Xe (r\u1ed9ng 56m, 7 khoang c\u1eeda, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 230mVs), An Th\u1ed5 (r\u1ed9ng 56m, 6 khoang c\u1eeda v\u00e0 1 \u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lOSmYs). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edbi - ti\u00eau tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng h\u1eb9p ven c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng \u0110u\u1ed1ng, Lu\u1ed9c, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u0103m, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh, \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m do Trung Qu\u1ed1c vi\u1ec7n \u1eef\u1ee3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \\\\d\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y n\u00f4ng B\u1eafc - H\u01b0ng - H\u1ea3i. N\u0103m 1959, b\u1ed9 phim t\u00e0i U\u1ec7u \\\"N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i\\\" v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng; sau n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i B\u00f4ng sen v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean hoan phim Matxc\u01a1va 1959. Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c duy tu, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do C\u00f4ng ty Khai th\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i B\u1eafc H\u01b0ng H\u1ea3i (C\u00f4ng ty Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean) \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m.","Can h \u00e3i b \u1ea5 mi? tr\u00e3 l\u1ebcri Tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u0169 L\u00f4i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd? Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u1eed - con tr\u1eddi, m\u00e0 \u1eef\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng ch\u00ed t\u00f4n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1eadn m \u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ban ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c long tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec l\u00e0 con tr\u1eddi, thay tr\u1eddi tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 vua ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m con. D\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao v\u00e0o trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng hai h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u vua Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 2 (1890), ba n\u0103m t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e0n Nam Giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong v\u00e0o n\u0103m Gia Long th\u1ee9 5 (1806) \u1edf l\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n, ph\u00eda nam Kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac tr\u1eddi v\u1eeba t\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m b\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n trong ph\u00f2ng Trai cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c \u1ea7 n Ch\u00e1nh b\u00e0n giao cho quan Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1; \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Trai cung t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c c\u1edd v\u00e0ng tung bay tr\u00ean K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0i b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u gi\u1edd ph\u00fat vua l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0n Nam Giao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi. \u0110o\u00e0n Ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0n Nam Giao v\u1edbi 3 \u0111\u1ea1o: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o, Trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110o\u00e0n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m 2 voi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh, qu\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, binh l\u00ednh c\u1ea7m c\u1edd Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp b\u00e1t t\u00fa, l\u1ec5 b\u1ed9, phan, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfm, chi\u00eang, l\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u1eddng \u1eef\u1ed1ng Ng\u0169 l\u00f4i","(g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 l\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5) mang n\u00e3o b\u1ea1t, thanh la v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u00e1nh hai ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t), th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n Ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ng\u0169 l\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n Cao T\u1ed5 (L\u01b0u Bang) c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1ef1 T\u1eed Ph\u00f2ng) h\u00f3a Ng\u0169 L\u00f4i d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ng\u1ef1. Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u1eeb Ng\u0169 L\u00f4i c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong 5 c\u00e2u ch\u00fa: Nh\u1ea5t l\u00f4i ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba; Nh\u1ecb l\u00f4i khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ec5; Tam l\u00f4i \u1eef\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau tinh; T\u1ee9 l\u00f4i c\u1ea7u an qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1; Ng\u0169 l\u00f4i thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh. C - \u2019 C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hy L\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea9n n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 12 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. Th\u1ea7n Jupiter (hay Zeus) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea7n Juno (hay Hera) l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Jupiter. Th\u1ea7n Neptune (hay Poseidon) l\u00e0 anh em v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n Jupiter. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i. Th\u1ea7n Vulcan (hay Hephoestus) l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n L\u1eeda. Th\u1ea7n ApoUo l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi ca v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Th\u1ea7n Diana (hay Artemis) l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.","Can h\u1ecfi b \u1ea5 m ? tnh l\u1eebi em g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Apollo. Th\u1ea7n Mars (hay Ares) l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u1ea7n Mercury (hay Hermes) l\u00e0 S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n tin v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i. Th\u1ea7n Minerva (hay Athena) l\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Th\u1ea7n Venus (hay Aphrodite) l\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u00c1i t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u1eaf c \u0111\u1eb9p. Th\u1ea7n Vesta l\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea7n Ceres (hay Semeter) l\u00e0 N\u1eef th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean n\u00fai Olympus. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n Pluto l\u00e0 em c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Jupiter, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n coi s\u00f3c c\u00f5i \u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: M\u1ed9c tinh-Jupiter, H\u1ecfa tinh-Mars, Kim tinh- Venus, Th\u1ee7y tinh -Mercury, H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh-Neptune. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n? Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Duy Ph\u00fa, huy\u1ec7n Duy Xuy\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eafng kho\u1ea3ng 69km v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u kho\u1ea3ng 20km, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i Ch\u0103mpa, trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2km, bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00fang t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Ch\u0103mpa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Ch\u0103mpa hay ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n, qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay so s\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Borobudur (Java, Indonesia), Pagan (Myanmar), Angkor Wat (Campuchia) v\u00e0 Ayutthaya (Th\u00e1i Lan). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p","l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu di t\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u0103mpa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n, M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ch\u0103mpa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, th\u1ea7y tu nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ghi d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua Bhadravarman I (Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1t, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 381 \u0111\u1ebfn 413), v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd c\u00fang Linga v\u00e0 Shiva. M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac - th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p \u0111ang ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong huy ho\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng bia k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m bia. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m bia v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4. H\u01a1n 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7, vua Sambhuvarman (Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ea1n Chi, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 577 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 629) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd sau khi d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb Khu L\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u).","Can h \u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u1edf l\u1eddi C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p c\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. G\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c k\u1ef3 b\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nung g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khai qu\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c vua Ch\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 70 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u0103mpa khi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u hay \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 0 .7 Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c? V\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c (Arctic) \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Hy L\u1ea1p Pytheas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn gi\u00e1p ranh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh hay Na Uy \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16 thi m\u01a1i co nhieu th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Hoa K\u1ef3 Richard E. Byrd - -\u1ec6^\u1ead--- 10\u201c\u201c85","nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1903 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Roald Amundsen \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 6-4-1909 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 Robert E.Peary m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. Chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Hoa K\u1ef3 Richard E. Byrd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9-5-1926. Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ngl Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i TlMOit^ '^P\u1ea0P\u1ee4A D 8I A rofura \u1ec8M d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn MPSo\u0103r\u00bbt y..<\u00ab_ *\u1ea2\u00ecN\u0129 w\u1ec4A \u25a0T^ \\\"-. A .h .. ~ meMoeT im o r 5\u00ab0 T *fr*\u00bb AieM\u1ec9ie \u00abIs.. \u25a0' - ^ rst&'^vO'\u00bbMrw. ln;, Stralt Cape Yo^ Pacl\u1ecalc B \u01a1 thu \u0129P\u00e9n\u00ednsula 8.538.716km2, bao \u00edn\u0111ian Ocean h\u00econd Ca'im\u00ed\u1ecbr\u1eca^i damm\/ls\u1ec9and^ 7B ro o m t. ' ^ , g\u1ed3m 35,67 tri\u1ec7u \/ , . \u00bbKarumba T o v rti\u00edv lB * . M.ckayj\u2022 d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c 14 qu\u1ed1c ___ Tennant* Air\u00edie . gia (l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T K o n c o r CAnuconN So rin tt kockhamR6\u0169ipinnt\u00e3od\u00e2n\u00e2k*b\u00c3'\u1ebdifg^\u2019\u00ed^f^>'fc\u00c8^'\\\"^ 'Camarrvvoon * Birdsville \u1eccu\u00ab*ns\/oftd 4\u1eca4^oo\u00abH\u00abad\u00bb . T \u2014 Q--V Australia v\u00e0 New AUSTR\u00c1LIA Toowoombt, -- Zealand) v\u00e0 25 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1642 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u00e0 Lan Abel Tasman kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tasmainia v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra New Zealand, v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Australia. N\u0103m 1770 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Anh l\u00e0 James Cook kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Australia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 New South VVales. \u00f4 n g \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3ng Botany (nay l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n Sydney). N\u0103m 1788 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea5y v\u00e0 nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Sydney.","Can h\u1edfi b \u00e1 m \u1eb9 tr\u1ec2i l\u1eddi Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00ed\u00e1 theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \\\"sao\\\" l\u00e0 nh\u01b0th\u1ebfn\u00e0o? Theo Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n th\u00ec; Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb 10 bu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ee7 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, hang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Dubai l\u1ecbch. Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 sao: L\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cao, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 \u0103n, ngh\u1ec9, sinh ho\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed: 1. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac; 2. Trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ti\u1ec7n nghi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; 3. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; 4. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; 5. V\u1ec7 sinh. Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n h\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7n nghi, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng","\\\"sao\\\" c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 6 sao, 7 sao. Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 7 sao Emirates Palace t\u1ea1i C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2r\u1eadp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba tung ra k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u USD d\u00e0nh cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc vua ch\u00faa. C - ? Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec5n \u00f4ng T\u00e1o ch\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi? Theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tin r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng Ch\u1ea1p \u00e2m l\u1ecbch, T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p bay v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam Giao th\u1eeba T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c coi s\u00f3c b\u1ebfp l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n quanh n\u0103m \u1edf trong b\u1ebfp n\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n hay d\u1edf t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 Vua B\u1ebfp \\\"ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3\\\" cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng T\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea7u Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mua hai m\u0169 \u00f4ng T\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1nh chu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169 d\u00e0nh cho T\u00e1o B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh chu\u1ed3n, ba c\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p (c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng m\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"c\u00f2 bay ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ea1y\\\") \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ec9\u1ead -'St","Can h \u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u1ec2i l\u00f9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \\\"Vua B\u1ebfp\\\" l\u00ean ch\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, \u00f4 n g T\u00e1o s\u1ebd t\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n, c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi. L\u1ec5 c\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc 12 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0a, sau khi c\u00fang xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd h\u00f3a v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ec5, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111em th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, bi\u1ec3n hay gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f9y theo khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng. 0- ph\u1ea3i T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea9n Th\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng, Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba, Th\u1ed5 Ky? Trong l\u1ec5 c\u00fang \u00f4ng T\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 phong t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00e2m c\u00fang g\u1ed3m c\u1ed7 m\u1eb7n, b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, tr\u1ea7u cau. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e8n n\u1ebfn, hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u0129a ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ba b\u1ed9 m\u0169 \u00e1o, hia h\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba con c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e1o qu\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u1ec1 Tr\u1eddi (!). Sau khi b\u00e0y l\u1ec5, th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5n v\u00e1i xong, \u0111\u1ee3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa, l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1 r\u1ed3i h\u00f3a v\u00e0ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p ra ao, h\u1ed3, s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i... \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 ch\u1edf \u00f4ng T\u00e1o l\u00ean ch\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi. T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n trong t\u00edn ]\u0129T \u0128\u0128\u0128\u0128fe ^ ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Th\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng, Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba, Th\u1ed5 K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n t\u00edch \\\"2 \u00f4ng 1 b\u00e0\\\" - v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n","Nh\u00e0, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n B\u1ebfp n\u00fac. Tuy v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn quen g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 T\u00e1o Q u\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng T\u00e1o do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft tam v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 (thuy\u1ebft Ba ng\u00f4i) kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. B\u1ebfp l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, r\u1ed3i ghi ch\u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: Tr\u1ecdng Cao c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb Nhi \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng con, n\u00ean sinh ra bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, hay c\u00e3i c\u1ecd nhau. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Tr\u1ecdng Cao gi\u1eadn qu\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ee3. Th\u1ecb Nhi b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 Ph\u1ea1m Lang. Khi Tr\u1ecdng Cao h\u1ebft gi\u1eadn v\u1ee3, ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m \u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u1ee3. Khi \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111em theo \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau h\u1ebft n\u00ean Tr\u1ecdng Cao \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0103n xin. Khi Tr\u1ecdng Cao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n xin nh\u00e0 Th\u1ecb Nhi, hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn ra nhau. Th\u1ecb Nhi r\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ecdng Cao v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u1ecb Nhi t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng \u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3t l\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m Lang l\u00e0m ch\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1ea1m Lang tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, Th\u1ecb Nhi s\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p Tr\u1ecdng Cao n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00ean b\u1ea3o Tr\u1ecdng Cao \u1ea9n trong \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m ngo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1eddn. Ph\u1ea1m Lang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tro b\u00f3n ru\u1ed9ng. Tr\u1ecdng Cao kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m chui ra n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft thi\u00eau. Th\u1ecb Nhi trong nh\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y ra th\u1ea5y Tr\u1ecdng Cao \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean nh\u00e0o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m \u0111ang ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft theo. Ph\u1ea1m Lang g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh sao, li\u1ec1n nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m \u0111ang ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft theo v\u1ee3. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ea5y ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean s\u1eafc phong cho l\u00e0m T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u00fac T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c: Ph\u1ea1m Lang l\u00e0m Th\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng, tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebfp. Tr\u1ecdng Cao l\u00e0m Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba, tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda. Th\u1ecb Nhi l\u00e0m Th\u1ed5 K\u1ef3, tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t quan ni\u1ec7m ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n T\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh do vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gia ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0.","Con h \u00e3 i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr \u00e0 l\u1eebi T ru y \u1ec7 n K i\u1ec1 u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee9t\u00ed\u1ebfng? Hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t? Theo GS. L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh Kh\u00f4i th\u00ec Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra t\u1edbi 31 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. NVv\u00e0 v\u0103n V\\\\\u00f3a H \u1eefu Ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e0\u1ecdcV\u1eedv\u00e1 nVvi\u1ec1ub\u00e0n d\u1ecbcVv. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1eef trong nh\u00e0 10 b\u1ea3n (1 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, 1 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, 2 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh, v\u00e0 6 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p), \u00f4 n g cho bi\u1ebft: \\\"C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu theo \\\"ng\u1eef\\\" th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n (c\u00f9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam) s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7y g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7y th\u00ec \u0111a \u00e2m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t NGUY\u1ec0N DU ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo c\u00f2n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c danh t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u01a1. C\u00e1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m hay trong \\\"Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u\\\" th\u00ec khi \u00cc M amours imBMumnes d\u1ecbch sang c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng d'une }ranr nur v\u1ec9rtnan\u1ec2mne ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 auTMirs\u1ec9\u00e8de chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o m\u1ea5t \u0111i \\\"h\u1ed3n th\u01a1\\\" trong \u00ed\/ nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u2022H \u00cdrmdttan - -\u1eb7\u1ec7. . \u25a018' \u2022 \u00edb","v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 v\u0103n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e2u th\u01a1 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh \\\"g\u1ee3i\\\" v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft h\u01a1i v\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ki\u1ec1u d\u00f9 hay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u1ea3 ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c sang ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 60-70% l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \\\"Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u\\\" sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\\\". Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n e t\u1eeb kh\u00ed n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o? M\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u00e2n gian truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u00e2n gian, m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c \u1ec9iS ' 'S t - -i\u00e2 - ^","Can h\u00e3i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tnh l\u1edfi bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. M\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00fd (1010 - 1225) \u1edf v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5, h\u1ed9i l\u00e0ng, ng\u00e0y vui, ng\u00e0y x\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng con r\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n tr\u00f2, di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00f2 r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, n\u00ean t\u1eeb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u00e2n gian, m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi tu\u1ed3ng, ch\u00e8o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao trong n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u00faa r\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00faa r\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: D\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m s\u1ea7n kh\u1ea5u (nh\u00e0 r\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00ecnh); ph\u00eda sau c\u00f3 ph\u00f4ng che v\u00e0 xung quanh trang tr\u00ed c\u1edd, qu\u1ea1t, l\u1ecdng, c\u1ed5ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ph\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. M\u00faa r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, nh\u1ea1c r\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u00e8o ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n ca B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o? Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1946, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Paris \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c {\u1ec9\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale Syndicale des Enseignants - F1SE). N\u0103m 1949, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Warszawa (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ba Lan), Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ra b\u1ea3n \\\"Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o\\\" g\u1ed3m 15 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, phong ki\u1ebfn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0","I gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a FISE t\u1eeb 26 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1957 t\u1ea1i Warszawa, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1958 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \\\"Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ' t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1982, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng (nay l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7) \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 167-H\u0110BT x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 11 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 \\\"Ng\u00e0y nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". Q Ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0o? Th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1396. S\u1eed c\u0169 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: \\\"M\u00f9a h\u1ea1, th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m B\u00ednh T\u00fd, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Th\u00e1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 9 (1396) (khi \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly ch\u01b0a c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y \\\"Th\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9i sao\\\". In xong, h\u1ea1","Con h\u00e3i b\u1ed1 m ? tr\u1ecf l\u00e0i l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ee9 1 quan ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y 1 quan 2 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y; Ai l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n n\u1ed9p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u1ea5m h\u1eb3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ri\u00eang. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu th\u1eadp kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n c\u0169 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ngay s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thai ngh\u00e9n trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. N\u0103m 1429, ngay n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y \\\"Th\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9i sao\\\" nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 ban h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a n\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n. mW Ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y \u201cTh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9i sao\\\"","G **\u2019 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n treo c\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m? Koinobori l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong n\u0103m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tango no kekku. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e9 trai. Nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u00e9 trai th\u01b0\u1eddng treo c\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. C\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 koinobori th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u1edbn l\u00ean kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Vi\u1ec7c treo c\u1edd c\u0169ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng con trai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e2n, l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \\\"c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p v\u01b0\u1ee3t V\u0169 M\u00f4n\\\". V\u00ec v\u1eady koinobori \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng, v\u00ec c\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c n\u00e9t v\u1ebd tr\u00ean c\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u. C\u1edd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.","Can h \u00e3 i b \u1ea5 m \u1ea1 tnh l\u00f2ri Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1972, nh\u00e2n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Stockholm, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1n 150 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng tham gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 quanh ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng cai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e2n Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay, khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. D\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 5JUNE .L W0RLD ENVIROpENT DAY ^UNEP Porests:NatureatYourService In support of the UN International Year of Porests","0 .7 9 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c n\u00e0o? Nh\u00e2n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 Bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 8- 6-2012 t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh B\u00e0 R\u1ecba - V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 9 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00edn k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m: 1. B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t: B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Tr\u00e0 c \u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i gi\u00e1p ranh gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 17km, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 170ha cong h\u00ecnh v\u00e0nh khuy\u00ean, tr\u1ea3i t\u1eeb M\u0169i G\u00f3t ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn M\u0169i Ng\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam. Tr\u00e0 c \u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2. V\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t: V\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1edd l\u1ea7y v\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1.553km2 bao g\u1ed3m 1.169 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 95% l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh quan; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1eb7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 di t\u00edch danh th\u1eafng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 3. \u0110\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: Tam Giang - c\u1ea7u Hai (thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean - Hu\u1ebf) v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc 21.600ha, chi\u1ebfm 48,2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 ven b\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 4. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00e1t B\u00e0 v\u1edbi 367 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam v\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long, ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u2022 -\u1ec9\u0103 -","Con h\u1ecfi b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u1edfi Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00e1t B\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao. 5. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o xa b\u1edd nh\u1ea5t: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa - Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n Philippines, ph\u00eda Nam gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n Malaysia, Brunei v\u00e0 Indonesia; c\u00e1ch Cam Ranh (t\u1ec9nh Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a) 243 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, c\u00e1ch V\u0169ng T\u00e0u 440 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. 6. C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t: C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea3o H\u00f2n Khoai thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 T\u1ea7n \u00c2n, huy\u1ec7n Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec3n - C\u00e0 Mau g\u1ed3m 5 \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf: H\u00f2n Khoai (4,96km^), h\u00f2n Sao (0,7km2), h\u00f2n G\u00f2 (0,03km2), h\u00f2n \u0110\u1ed3i M\u1ed3i (0,03km^) v\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0110\u00e1 L\u1ebb (0,005km2). C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 8\u00b022'46\\\" \u0111\u1ebfn 8\u00b027'30\\\" \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 104\u00b048'30\\\" \u0111\u1ebfn 104\u00b052'30\\\" \u0111\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u00f4ng. 7. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 38 \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c - Ki\u00ean Giang. \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c","v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 561km^, n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 10\u00b000' - 10\u00b027' v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 103\u00b049' - 104\u00b005' kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 116km, c\u00e1ch H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean 45km. 8. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t; Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Nam Y\u1ebft, thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa - Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 10\u00b011'00\\\" v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 114\u00b021'42\\\" kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng. Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Nam Y\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 35.000ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 20.000ha v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Nam Y\u1ebft IS.OOOha. Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o Nam Y\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea3o Nam Y\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nha Trang kho\u1ea3ng 450km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xa b\u1edd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. 9. Huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t: L\u00fd S\u01a1n l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, c\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i 45km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc. Huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea3o L\u00fd S\u01a1n, c\u00f9 lao B\u1edd B\u00e3i v\u00e0 h\u00f2n M\u00f9 Cu c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 9,97km^ d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 18.223 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (n\u0103m 2009). V\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1.888 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km^ \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t trong 12 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \\\"L\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh qua c\u1eeda Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9, kh\u00e9o tu th\u00ec n\u1ed5i, v\u1ee5ng tu th\u00ec ch\u00ecm\\\". V\u1eady c\u1eeda Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 O\u2019 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? C\u1eeda Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai b\u00ean c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n c\u0169 nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9i s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 10 kilomet. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y","Can h\u00e0i b \u1ea5 m \u1eb9 tr\u00e0 l\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Ninh B\u00ecnh, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a. C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa 2 x\u00e3 Y\u00ean L\u00e2m, Y\u00ean M\u00f4, Ninh B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nga \u0110i\u1ec1n, Nga S\u01a1n, Thanh H\u00f3a. Ng\u00e0y nay khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 sa b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng C\u00e0n, con s\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e3y n\u00fai Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Trung - B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo Nam \u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng l\u1ee5c, Vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng vua Tr\u1ea7n) mang qu\u00e2n Nam chinh d\u1eb9p Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 g\u1eb7p gi\u00f3 to s\u00f3ng d\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; may nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt cao c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eb9p y\u00ean s\u00f3ng d\u1eef. Khi ban s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 m\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vua cho l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, phong hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \\\"\u00c1p L\u00e3ng Ch\u00e2n Nh\u00e2n\\\" {Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f3ng d\u1eef). Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u00f4n Y\u00ean Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Y\u00ean L\u00e2m, huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean M\u00f4, t\u1ec9nh Ninh B\u00ecnh. C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9"]
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