Lịch sử Việt Nam bằng tranh 53- Đàng Trong suy tàn

["Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t, nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng L\u00eda. L\u00eda xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7. L\u00eda gi\u1ecfi v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, t\u00ednh kh\u00ed hi\u00ean ngang. B\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, L\u00eda u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c b\u1ecf v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. 49","V\u1edbi t\u00e0i ba, ch\u00ed kh\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, L\u00eda \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf Tru\u00f4ng M\u00e2y, ph\u1ee7 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, L\u00eda t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ch\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn qua ca dao: Chi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u \u00e9n l\u01b0\u1ee3n Tru\u00f4ng M\u00e2y C\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0ng L\u00eda b\u1ecb v\u00e2y trong th\u00e0nh. 50","Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh (Ninh Thu\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay) do D\u01b0\u01a1ng Bao Lai v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7p M\u00e3 Lai \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u (1746) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (1750). T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n do c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a L\u00fd V\u0103n Quang, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa g\u1ed1c \u1edf Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9 lao Ph\u1ed1, thu\u1ed9c dinh Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean sinh s\u1ed1ng. 51","N\u0103m 1747, L\u00fd V\u0103n Quang t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Cai b\u1ea1 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 C\u1ea9n, cai qu\u1ea3n dinh Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean. Tin c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, V\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho li\u1ec1n sai Cai c\u01a1 T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf M\u00f4 Xo\u00e0i (V\u0169ng T\u00e0u ng\u00e0y nay) \u0111em binh v\u00e0o c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0103n Quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3ng 57 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 52","C\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, n\u0103m 1739, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu m\u1ea5t, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p cha, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng binh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c m\u1edf mang H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 M\u00e3 Lai, Xi\u00eam (Th\u00e1i Lan), Trung Qu\u1ed1c, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha... M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. 53","M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu, l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n Long Xuy\u00ean (v\u00f9ng C\u00e0 Mau ng\u00e0y nay), Ki\u00ean Giang (v\u00f9ng R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1), Tr\u1ea5n Giang (v\u00f9ng C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea5n Di (v\u00f9ng B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau). N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. 54","\u00d4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u1eb9p tan b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. 55","Khi M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p cha, vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p N\u1eb7c B\u1ed3n mang qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i qu\u00e2n Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i M\u1ea1t (Ki\u00ean Giang ng\u00e0y nay). M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 th\u00fac qu\u00e2n truy \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam n\u00ean qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf. 56","V\u1ee3 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 (h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n) \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh, t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00fac Kho\u00e1t phong M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, ban th\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1o m\u0169, \u0111ai v\u00e0 phong cho v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Hi\u1ec3u T\u00fac Th\u00e1i phu nh\u00e2n. 57","H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi Tao \u0111\u00e0n Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1736, Tao \u0111\u00e0n Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m n\u01a1i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, b\u00ecnh v\u0103n, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa. H\u1ed9i Tao \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3nh sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c nam \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. 58","C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 320 b\u00e0i, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp th\u01a1 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean th\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Minh B\u1ed9t di ng\u01b0, b\u00e0i ph\u00fa L\u01b0 Kh\u00ea nh\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ebfu d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 100 c\u00e2u v\u00e0 32 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt ca ng\u1ee3i phong c\u1ea3nh L\u01b0 Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u01a1 N\u00f4m H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m th\u1eadp v\u1ecbnh. 59","Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tham gia Tao \u0111\u00e0n Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1m Am, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh thi \u0111\u1ed7 H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m Tri ph\u1ee7, sau th\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. 60","Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 l\u00e0m th\u01a1, x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, \u0110\u1ea1m Am thi t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 10 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 h\u1ecda c\u00e1c b\u00e0i v\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9. 61","D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n, \u0110\u00e0ng Trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ea5t binh sang gi\u00fap vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i phe th\u00e2n Xi\u00eam ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u1edf Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. \u1ede Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, N\u1eb7c Tha b\u1ecb N\u1eb7c Th\u00e2m l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. N\u1eb7c Tha ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n gi\u00fap l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i vua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3, N\u1eb7c Th\u00e2m b\u1ecb con l\u00e0 N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i. N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean sai s\u1ee9 sang \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1edd ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. 62","V\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng sai Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean. N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea1y sang H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean nh\u1edd M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 xin ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n cho v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 xin d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ea7m \u0110\u00f4n - So\u00e0i R\u1ea1p (nay l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng T\u00e2n An, G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, t\u1ec9nh Ti\u1ec1n Giang) \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i. Theo l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh, V\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. 63","N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0m vua kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec m\u1ea5t. Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i r\u1ed1i ren v\u00ec tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp th\u00eam Tr\u00e0 Vinh, Ba Th\u1eafc, T\u1ea7m Phong L\u1ed9ng (v\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu, t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1) v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. 64","V\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng sai Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3n (\u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u1ea9u (Sa \u0110\u00e9c), T\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, Ki\u00ean Giang v\u00e0 Long Xuy\u00ean (C\u00e0 Mau). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (1698- 1757), mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. 65","D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i ren. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 do n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t do nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. N\u0103m 1767, Xi\u00eam b\u1ecb Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, vua Xi\u00eam b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Xi\u00eam t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chi\u00eau Th\u00fay tr\u1ed1n sang H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c tr\u1ed1n sang Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan g\u1ed1c Hoa t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u00e0m vua. Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh b\u1ecf Ayutthaya, l\u1eadp kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi \u1edf Bangkok. Vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p - N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n - d\u00f9ng c\u1edb Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c Xi\u00eam n\u1eefa. 66","N\u0103m 1768, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb truy l\u00f9ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Xi\u00eam, Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh mang qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm H\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm n\u01a1i l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho t\u01b0\u1edbng Chakri (v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Chakri, Th\u00e1i Lan) mang qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0a N\u1eb7c N\u1ed9n (t\u1ee9c Ream Reachea) l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Sau ba th\u00e1ng truy l\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh cho qu\u00e2n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. 67","N\u0103m 1769, qu\u00e2n Khmer d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2u t\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Li\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 H\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea5t, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai gia nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n (M\u1ea1c Sung v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c Kho\u00e1n) ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t hai k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Tr\u1ea7n Li\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t sang n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd Xi\u00eam. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea5t (1770). 68","Vi\u1ec7c hai ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Xi\u00eam n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u \u1edf Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gai Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5. N\u0103m 1771, Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n mang \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n sang \u0111\u00e1nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. Khi Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 cho d\u00f2 la bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh xin c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n b\u00e1o nguy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111i. 69","L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 v\u1ea1n. Qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam chi\u1ebfm n\u00fai T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c b\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 binh \u00edt \u1ecfi, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng do l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00ean M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u1ea5n Giang. Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh cho thi\u00eau tr\u1ee5i H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf quanh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea7n Li\u00ean chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n sang Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, l\u1eadp N\u1eb7c N\u1ed9n l\u00e0m vua. 70","Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n cho l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111em qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean m\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tay qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam n\u00ean gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0m l\u00ean thay. 71","N\u0103m 1772, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0m c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng mang 1 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh Khang, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam. Theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec1n Giang, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n sang Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u1edf Nam Vang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i vua. 72","Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, b\u1eaft con ch\u00e1u M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9, b\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft Chi\u00eau Th\u00fay, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf Nam Vang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n. Sau c\u00f9ng, hai b\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn: ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, c\u00f2n qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. N\u0103m 1773, Tr\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c Anh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 H\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u Tr\u1ea7n Li\u00ean v\u1ec1. 73","Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0m r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0m v\u1eabn lo t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng cho \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y bao b\u1ecdc B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb r\u1ea1ch B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ecb Ngh\u00e8 ng\u00e0y nay. L\u0169y d\u00e0i 15 d\u1eb7m (kho\u1ea3ng 8,5km) m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7t trong d\u1ed1c l\u00e0i tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eeda b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u0169y B\u00e1n B\u00edch. 74","V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1773, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. Bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e0ng Trong r\u1ed1i ren ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. \u0110\u00e0ng Trong b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m Qu\u00fd T\u1ef5 (1774) qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Nam r\u1ed3i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. 75","L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. N\u0103m 1776, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c sai Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. Sau khi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n r\u00fat \u0111i, ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f4ng cung Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho D\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1ee9c T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh v\u01b0\u01a1ng) c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. 76","Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m \u0110inh D\u1eadu (1787), qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n do Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong trong 219 n\u0103m. 77","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O -\t Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc), H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992. -\t \u1ee6y ban Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1971. -\t Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 1991. -\t Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Qu\u00fdnh, Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1983. -\t Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998. -\t Li Tana, X\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u2013 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, NXB Tr\u1ebb, TP.HCM, 1999. -\t T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, TP.HCM, 2008. -\t Phan Khoang, Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong: 1558-1777: cu\u1ed9c Nam ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2011. -\t L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1964. -\t Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1971. 78","H\u1ecc M\u1ea0C V\u1edaI H\u00c0 TI\u00caN C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o ch\u1eef S nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1830. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00fa \u00fd mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khai ph\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, XVII. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t hoang vu, b\u1ea1t ng\u00e0n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, v\u00ec m\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n gian n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, non n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, ti\u00ean n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n gian, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. Theo c\u1ed5 s\u1eed, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f9 Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII, sau \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. Tuy v\u1ec1 danh ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n 79","g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh: Ki\u00ean Giang, C\u00e0 Mau, H\u1eadu Giang, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c Campuchia ng\u00e0y nay. Khi\u00a0Gia Long\u00a0l\u00ean ng\u00f4i n\u0103m 1802, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Nam K\u1ef3, trong tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 huy\u1ec7n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. N\u0103m 1825, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean v\u1edbi tr\u1ea5n, vua\u00a0Minh M\u1ea1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed5i huy\u1ec7n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec7n H\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u. N\u0103m 1832, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. \u1ede H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t sinh s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, binh l\u00ednh,... T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang vu m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u1edbi tay cai qu\u1ea3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t di c\u01b0. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y khai kh\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng, l\u1eadp ra nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, XVIII nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u khai hoang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, s\u1ed1ng chan h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp thu, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 c\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u1edbi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh doanh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c 80","C\u1eedu. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a hai cha con h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00fac m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng lao khai ph\u00e1 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 cho M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu v\u00e0 con trai l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch. M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu, sinh n\u0103m 1655, m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1735, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n x\u00e3 L\u00ea Qu\u00e1ch, huy\u1ec7n H\u1ea3i Khang, ph\u1ee7 L\u00f4i Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Minh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n, \u0111i l\u1ea1i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn Philippines, Batavia (Indonesia) nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh n\u00ean n\u0103m 1679 \u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, t\u00ecm n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i r\u1ed3i tr\u00f9 t\u00ednh m\u01b0u k\u1ebf l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i khai c\u01a1 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n sang tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Nam Vang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p n\u0103m 1680. Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed vi\u1ebft: \u201c... \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m Khang Hy th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn (1680), t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb9p xong, nh\u00e0 Minh m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n th\u00e1o v\u00e1t, lanh l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, n\u00f3i th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1680, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 N\u1eb7c N\u1ed9n m\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan v\u00e0 phong cho ch\u1ee9c \u00d3c nha. Th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ed1i ren, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Mang Kh\u1ea3m (t\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd) thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Peam (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa g\u1ecdi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e0nh) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0 V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u00f4ng xin \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edf s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c l\u1ea5y x\u00e2u (g\u1ecdi 81","l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf hoa chi). \u00d4ng cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, m\u1edf ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1, chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n l\u01b0u t\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00ean 7 x\u00e3 th\u00f4n: H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, C\u1ea7n B\u1ed9t, Tr\u1ee7ng K\u00e8, H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1o, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, C\u00e0 Mau, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khai hoang tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u00e0nh th\u00f4n \u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu hoa chi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1728 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1729, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu ph\u00e1i L\u01b0u V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1eadp Quan mang hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n - M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean - c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. N\u0103m 1731 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1732, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1729, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 h\u1ea3i s\u00e2m, c\u00e1 kh\u00f4, t\u00f4m kh\u00f4 v.v... c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n thu\u1ebf nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 mua b\u00e1n s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t, tr\u00f9 m\u1eadt cho ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp. H\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n, c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edf ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf mang, t\u1ea1o cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u00c1 trong h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0u d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 82","Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0 V\u00e0 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 Kh\u01a1me; v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf mang. \u201cH\u00e0 Ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n nh\u00e3\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n m\u1edf mang ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1, th\u00f4n x\u00f3m \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tay ba gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p - Xi\u00eam - \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tham v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u01b0u s\u0129 l\u00e0 T\u00f4 Qu\u00e2n m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Cao Mi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1ea1c b\u1ebdo, hay m\u01b0u m\u00f4 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, hi\u1ebfm k\u1ebb trung th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd h\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi b\u1eb1ng sang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, g\u00f5 c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eady nh\u1edd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u201d. C\u1eedu cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. N\u0103m 1708, \u201cC\u1eedu c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea7u, L\u00fd X\u00e3 \u0111em ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n, xin l\u00e0m H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. \u201cCh\u00faa Nam th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 khoan thai k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n, khen l\u00e0 b\u1eadc trung th\u00e0nh, li\u1ec1n ra s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 cho l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c, g\u1ecdi x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, trao ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng binh, ban c\u1ea5p \u1ea5n th\u1ee5, l\u1ea1i sai n\u1ed9i th\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u1eeda \u1ea3i, d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 vinh d\u1ef1, \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu d\u00e2ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1714; song h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 1708 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 1708 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n 83","cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Ki\u00ean Giang \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e0 Mau thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9. Khi\u00a0 M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu\u00a0d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n d\u00f9ng hai ch\u1eef H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh Ki\u00ean Giang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1708 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ee7y Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba tr\u1ea5n (Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean, Phi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean tr\u1ea5n) thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n (\u0110\u00e0ng Trong). V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i; song v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng - tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p gi\u00fap ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf mang l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam La c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh khu v\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1715. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chia l\u00e0m 2 phe: phe th\u00e2n ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 phe n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd Xi\u00eam La. Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1715, N\u1eb7c Th\u00e2m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi N\u1eb7c Y\u00eam - phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i. Do b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb n\u00ean M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t L\u0169ng K\u1ef3. Sauk hi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a N\u1eb7c Th\u00e2m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, 84","M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u201c\u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7t x\u00edch h\u1eadu xa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa dinh Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00e0ng th\u00eam g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, mang l\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n phong t\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 Khai tr\u1ea5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n V\u0169 Ngh\u1ecb c\u00f4ng. Sau khi M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu m\u1ea5t (1735), con \u00f4ng l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 (1718- 1780) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fa Nguy\u1ec5n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf mang kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 do M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Xi\u00eam La. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. N\u0103m 1756 \u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 mi\u1ec1n C\u1eedu Long. Sau khi vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh \u0111em binh chinh ph\u1ea1t. N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean thua ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean xin M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 cho t\u1ea1m c\u01b0. Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean theo v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng 85","ph\u1ee5c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean nghe theo. Vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ea7m B\u00f4n (v\u00f9ng T\u00e2n An), v\u00e0 L\u00f4i L\u1ea1p (v\u00f9ng G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n. Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. N\u0103m sau, N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ebft, ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i vua, con N\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n xin Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c. Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n d\u00e2ng cho V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng KampongLu\u00f4n (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean). V\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 T\u1ea7m Phong Long (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay). V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecba danh Kampong Lu\u00f4n hay T\u1ea7m Phong Long l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb V\u0129nh Long - Sa \u0110\u00e9c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ecfi Long Xuy\u00ean - Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, sang \u0111\u1ea5t Campuchia ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p (N\u1eb7c T\u00f4n) d\u00e2ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Campuchia c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ea7m Phong Long. Sau n\u00e0y T\u1ea7m Phong Long \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh H\u1ed3ng Ng\u1ef1, t\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh An Giang. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c n\u00f3i chung m\u00e0 ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam. Tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7n nay: Ki\u00ean Giang, C\u00e0 Mau, H\u1eadu Giang, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c Campuchia ng\u00e0y nay. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng lao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, tr\u1ecb an, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp ra Tao \u0111\u00e0n Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng v\u0103n thi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean do ch\u00ednh M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n nh\u00e2n trong thi \u0111\u00e0n. 86","Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 cha con M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 th\u00eam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0u d\u00e2n, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. 87","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 1.\t D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An, \u00d4 ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 1997. 2.\t \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin, 2002. 3.\t Nguy\u1ec5n Anh, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n h\u00f3a nguy\u1ec7t san, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1957. 4.\t Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u1ea5n Anh, Nam B\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Xi\u00eam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, NXB Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 2009. 5.\t \u0110\u1ed7 Bang, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean: b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, S\u1edf V\u0103n h\u00f3a, Th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch t\u1ec9nh Ki\u00ean Giang, 2009. 6.\t V\u0169 Th\u1ebf Dinh, M\u1ea1c th\u1ecb gia ph\u1ea3, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Thu\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 2005. 7.\t Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh \u0110\u1ea1t, H\u1ecd M\u1ea1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, (2), 2001. 8.\t Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh \u0110\u1ea1t, C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai h\u00f3a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, (344), 2009. 9.\t Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed, L\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t D\u0169ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, NXB \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, 2005. 10.\t \u0110\u1ed7 Qu\u1ef3nh Nga, C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, \u0110H Hu\u1ebf, 2013. 88","H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean x\u01b0a. Ch\u00f9a Hang. 89","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean x\u01b0a. 90","M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a x\u01b0a \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. 91","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM B\u1eb0NG TRANH T\u1eadp 53 \u0110\u00c0NG TRONG SUY T\u00c0N Tr\u1ea7n B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean L\u00ea V\u0103n N\u0103m bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n _____________________ Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c - T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp NGUY\u1ec4N MINH NH\u1ef0T Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: \u0110\u00c0O TH\u1eca T\u00da UY\u00caN X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00eca: BI\u00caN TH\u00d9Y S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: \u0110\u00ccNH QU\u00c2N Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1eca TUY\u1ebeT V\u00c2N _____________________ NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng 7, Qu\u1eadn 3, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (08) 39316289 \u2013 39316211 \u2013 39317849 \u2013 38465596 Fax: (08) 38437450 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nxbtre.com.vn CHI NH\u00c1NH NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba T\u1ea0I H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: S\u1ed1 21, d\u00e3y A11, khu \u0110\u1ea7m Tr\u1ea5u, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, Qu\u1eadn Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (04) 37734544 - Fax: (04) 35123395 E-mail: [email protected] C\u00d4NG TY TNHH S\u00c1CH \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec TR\u1eba (YBOOK) 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, P.7, Q.3, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0110T: (08) 35261001 - Fax: (08) 38437450 Email: [email protected] - Website: www.ybook.vn","",""]