Gel Polish Manual

TRAINING ACADEMYA leading training provider in the Hair & Beauty sector. Training Manual Gel Polish Treatment Version 1.1 10th Oct 2016 E&OE © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

CONTENTSPart 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail 1. Introduction to Gel Polish 2. Structure and Growth of Nails 3. Parts of the Natural Nail 4. Contra – indications A. Common nail disorders B. Trauma related problems C. Medical considerations D. General skin disorders. Part 2: The Treatment 1. The consultation. 2. Preparing product and equipment. 3. Work area preparation. 4. Conducting the treatment. Preparation of the Nail Application of Gel Application of French Removal of Gel 5. Post-treatment checks. 6. Cleaning up and storage of product and equipment. 7. Maintaining records of the client. Part 3: General Hygiene 1. General rules 2. Methods of sterilisation 3. Methods of sanitisation 4. Blood Spillage 5. Disposal of Waste 6. Surfaces and Floors 7. Contagious Conditions A. Viruses B. Bacteria C. Fungus D. Infestation © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

CONTENTS (continued)Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements 1. Health & Safety At Work Act 1974 2. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 3. Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) 2002 4. Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 5. Trade descriptions Act 1968 (AMENDED 1987) 6. Sale of Goods Act(1979) and Sale and supply of Goods Act (1994) 7. Cosmetic Products (safety) Regulations 1996 8. Employers liability (compulsory insurance) Act 1969 9. Treatment Liability Insurance 10. Data Protection Act 1984 11. Codes of Practice 12. Codes of Ethics 13. First Aid at Work © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 1 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Page 1. Section 1. Introduction to Gel Polish Page 1 In the past, manicures and pedicures took hours to dry, and weren’t long lasting. They used to smudge, chip and quickly show signs of wear. Gel polish has changed all that. It last up to 14 DAYS, DOES NOT CHIP and DRIES INSTANTLY with no smudging. Gel Polish offers a wide range of different colours, from neon, glittery, glow in the dark, nudes and plain colours. Gel polish can be applied to your fingers and toes. It’s a polish which stays perfect for longer. It’s like having had a luxury manicure everyday. Pure luxury on your fingers and toes.Page 26. You must hold a Manicure qualification to be able to perform gel polish treatments. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 2 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Page 1. Section 2. Structure and Growth of Nails Page 2 The part of the nail which we can see is dead. It has no blood supply, no nerves and no means of taking in nourishment from the outside. This can cause confusion when products and treatments claim to “nourish and feed the nails.” The true source of food for the nails is blood, which supplies the living cells of the matrix, which is located just behind the nail fold, and which the naked eye can’t see. The matrix is where the nail is formed. The protein keratin is deposited here, and is carried in the cells as they travel along the nail bed. Keratin makes the nails hard and gives them strength. The journey from the matrix to the end of the fingertip takes approximately 6 months and during that time changes take place which convert the soft living cells into compacted layers of dead cells held together by moisture and fat. Strong nails depend on a supply of blood which is carried to the matrix. Strong nails depend upon a healthy and balanced diet, rich in protein and calcium. Meat, cheese, milk and eggs are particularly good sources of nourishment for the nails. Without nails the delicate nerve endings and blood vessels at the end of the fingers would soon become damaged. The nails give support from above, which enables the fingers to perform many important functions, including the important sense of touch. As the cells move along the nail bed more keratin becomes deposited in them so by the time a free edge has developed, the nails are perfectly structured to perform their important protective function.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 3 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nailPage 1. Section 3. Parts of the Natural NailPage 3 The Nail Folds: The nail plate is surrounded by folds of skin. These folds are called the proximal and lateral folds. The proximal fold is found at the base of the nail and the lateral folds at the sides. Folds can be damaged by cuts, nicks, bruising or harsh chemicals. Once the proximal fold is damaged, bacteria and viruses can attack and cause infection. The proximal fold forms a seal, or barrier, which protects the area where the nail plate is formed - the Matrix. The Matrix: The matrix is the only living part of the nail and is a small area of living tissue found directly behind the proximal fold. The matrix is the most important part of the nail. It is here in the matrix that cells are produced, which will form the nail plate. The size and width of the matrix will determine the thickness and width of the nail plate, e.g. the thumb matrix is bigger than that of the little finger as the thumb is wider than the little finger. Damage to the matrix such as shutting a finger in a drawer or more dramatic damage, such as being hit by a heavy object with force, can produce faults and flaws which, if permanent, can be seen on the nail plate. The Eponychium and The Cuticle : The Eponychium is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that covers the matrix area. It forms part of the proximal fold. It should NOT be confused with the “cuticle” The proximal fold is the seal that prevents germs and bacteria from getting to the nail matrix, where new cells are created. Do not cut this skin. The surface skin of the Eponychium which forms the proximal fold is different to the skin underneath it. The skin on the underside of the fold is constantly producing colourless cells, which attach themselves to the emerging nail plate. They then “ride” on the nail plate and appear from under the fold. This is what we call the cuticle. The cuticle is a thin layer of dead tissue riding on the nail plate to form a seal between the nail plate and Eponychium to prevent germs from infecting the matrix area. Since polish and nail enhancements don’t bond to skin on the nail plate, the cuticle should be properly removed through gentle scraping only. Nippers can’t remove the cuticle. It’s physically impossible. You must gently push back the Eponychium to reveal the cuticle which can then be carefully removed.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 4 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Page 1. Section 3. Parts of the Natural Nail Page 4 The Nail Plate:Page 26. The nail plate is the most visible part of the nail and generally speaking receives the most attention. The nail plate is mostly keratin which is a protein made from amino acids which is the same chemical substance that forms hair. These special proteins form a strong flexible material which we call the nail plate. The average person has 50 layers of keratin cells which make up the nail plate which become flattened as it emerges from under the proximal fold, at the eponychium. The nail plate should NOT be confused with the nail “bed”. The Nail Plate is held together by a small amount of moisture and fat and contain no blood vessels or nerve endings which is why we can cut or file them without causing pain, just like hair we can cut hair without feeling any pain. It takes roughly 3 – 6 months for the nail to grow and as a general rule, growth rates will be faster in summer than in winter; faster in young people than in older people; faster in men than women, and faster on the right for a right handed people and on the left for left handed people. Nail growth is also faster during pregnancy. The Half Moon or Lunula This is the whitish, opaque area at the base of the nail plate and outlines the front part of the matrix. The lunula is formed by the cells that have not been flattened and lost their colour. The lunula is not always visible on every finger, but generally speaking it is visible on the thumbs and index fingers. Since it is the exposed portion of the matrix, this area is not protected by the eponychium. It is easy bruised with every day life tasks. Interestingly, you can tell if a person is left or right handed by which thumb has the largest lunula. The thumb with the largest lunula is on the dominant hand and it is usually that hand which has the fastest nail growth rate. The Hyponychium This is found under the free edge of the nail and is composed of epidermis skin tissue. The hyponychium forms a water tight seal that prevents bacteria, fungi and viruses etc, from attacking the nail bed. Care must be taken when dealing with this area as it is very sensitive and if damage occurs it could lead to an infection. Once infected it might cause the nail plate to lift or separate from the nail bed and in some cases lead to the loss of the nail plate. Onychodermal Band Is a band of tissue located behind the hyponychium. This band improves the ability of the hyponychium to prevent germs from infecting the nail bed. The onychodermal band works in the same way as the proximal fold on the top surface of the nail. When looking at your bare nails, you can see this darker band of skin right before your nail plate leaves the nail bed to become the free nail edge. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 5 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 3. Parts of the Natural NailPage 1.Page 5 Cuticle Work: All cuticle work should be undertaken with consideration for living tissue. Only use tools designed specifically for the job. Cuticles need to be kept hydrated so that they remain pliable and can be kept free from the nail plate. Cuticles that are not cared for will eventually split and cause hangnails which can be painful. The cuticle frames the nail so if the cuticles encroaches on the nail plate, this will make painting the nails more difficult and spoil the finished look. Improper nail preparation will also lead to lifting problems when applying artificial nails. Square Nails These are said to be the strongest as the sides are left untouched. If you think of the sides of the nail as the selvage edge of the piece of material that has natural strength, if you cut into it then it will fray then so will the nail if you file into it. Filing the side walls removes the nails strength and thus leaves them weakened and prone to breaking.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 6 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 3. Parts of the Natural NailPage 1.Page 6 Squoval Nails This shape nail is a popular choice for people who like square look and the strength it offers but with a softer look to the sides. It is the choice of many first time customers as it is a halfway house between square and oval. Oval Nails This nail shape is a slightly more traditional shape, often known as almond shape. This shape of nail tends to be the most difficult to shape and getting all ten to look the same can be taxing. It is probably the weakest nail shape and not suited to all clients.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 7 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Page 1. Section 4. Contra – indicationsPage 7 The word “contra” was originally a Spanish word and it meant “against”. So contra-Page 26. indicators are indicators as to why a treatment should not be carried out. Usually this is due to a disease or disorder of the nail plate and surrounding skin, but it can also be due to other factors such as trauma (broken bones, severe bruising,) or medical conditions and allergies / sensitivity to products, or a general skin disorder. Consequently, Contra-indicators are subdivided into 4 main groups:- A. Common nail disorders B. Trauma related problems C. Medical considerations D. General skin disorders. As a technician it is NOT your job to diagnose any diseases or disorders, however it is important that you recognise the important ones and know how, and if, you should proceed with a treatment, and when to refer clients for medical advice. If a client shows signs of any contra-indication, tactfully recommend they seek professional medical advice, and possible treatment. We suggest that you don’t tell your client what contra-indication they may have, even if you are sure you know what it is, as you may be wrong! Remember, you are not a health professional, and therefore, should not comment on matters beyond your expertise, as this may lead to problems for you later on. If you are unsure about a contra-indication, then do not treat the client, but rather request that they get a consent letter, from their medical doctor. Do not risk the client’s health, or your professional reputation, by taking any chances. Nail diseases and conditions of the nail and surrounding skin are often the result of bacterial, fungal and viral infections. This means that a manicure must not be given as these infections are often highly contagious. It is unlikely that a client with a severe nail disease would keep an appointment for a manicure treatment, particularly when the symptoms are accompanied by pain. However, as a therapist you may recognise the initial signs of disease / disorder. Your request that the client consult their G.P. could save them a lot of discomfort and inconvenience. The main cause of infection is through broken skin or damaged cuticles, which often comes from a lack of understanding of the structure of the nail. 4.A. Common nail disorders Here are some of the more common nail disorders: Paronychia: Infections of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses. The proximal and lateral nail folds act as a barrier, or seal, between the nail plate and surrounding tissue. If a tear or break occurs in this seal, the bacterium can easily enter. This type of infection is characterised by pain, redness and swelling of the nail folds. It is highly contagious. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 8 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 4. Contra – indicationsPage 1. Tinea unguis (Ringworm): This is ringworm of the nail and is characterised by nail thickening, deformity and eventually results in the loss of the nail plate.Page 8 Onychorrhexis: These are brittle nails which often split vertically, peel and/or have vertical ridges. Household cleaning products and some solvents can cause this to happen. Leuconychia: This condition is evident as white lines or spots in the nail plate and maybe caused by tiny bubbles of air that are trapped in the nail plate layers due to trauma. No treatment is needed as the white spots will grow out of the nail plate.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 9 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 4. Contra – indicationsPage 1. Beau’s lines: These are characterised by horizontal lines of darkened cells and linear depressions. This disorder maybe caused by trauma, illness or malnutrition or any major metabolic condition, chemotherapy or other damaging events and is the result of any interruption in the protein formation of the nail plate. Medical advice is essential.Page 9 Psoriasis: This is characterised by raw, scaly skin and is sometimes confused with eczema. When it attacks the nail plate it leaves it pitted, dry and will often crumble. The plate may separate from the nail bed and may also appear red, orange or brown, with red spots in the lunula. Do not attempt to do any treatments instead refer the client for medical advice. Other nail disorders are :- Onychophagy – more commonly known as bitten nails. Witlows – highly contagious bacterial infection. Pterygium – overgrown sticky cuticles that advance up the nail plate. Koilonychia – spoon shape nails. Impetigo – a bacterial infection that is characterised by inflation, blisters, pustules and yellow crusts.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 10 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Page 1. Section 4. Contra – indicationsPage 10 4.B. Trauma related problemsPage 26. Here is a partial list of possible trauma related contra-indicators. If other indicators present which you are uncertain about, rather suggest the client seeks medical advice. ● Broken bones Bones that have healed may still require careful handling, especially during massage to avoid any discomfort. Clients should seek GP advice prior to having the treatment. l Cuts & Abrasions l Severe bruising of the hand or forearm l Inflammation, swelling or pus discharge on the hand / arm area. l Allergies or sensitivity to products Contra actions are things that may occur as a result of the treatment, or an adverse reaction to the products used in the treatment. Make sure your client is made aware of the possibility of a contra-action. It is always advisable to do a patch test with products that you are using for the first time, to make sure that there are no allergic reactions. Ideally, this should be done 48 hours in advance of the treatment. If the client is allergic to something, you will have a contra-action. With all contra-actions, tell your client that if they do not improve within 24 hours, to get in touch with their medical doctor for advice. Here is a list of some contra-actions which could occur. Erythema. The reddening of skin, due to dilation of blood vessels. A reaction to external stimulus, or infection. Apply a cold compress. This can be a beneficial condition, provided the reddening is not caused by an adverse reaction to product, or an infection. Allergic to nail enamel. Redness around treatment area, as well as other places which may have been touched. Symptoms are watery eyes, itchy skin, or rash. Immediately remove enamel, and apply a cold compress to areas touched. Tell the client if their condition doesn’t improve, within 24 hours, to consult their medical doctor. Excessive perspiration. Sometimes, excessive perspiration is a result of an allergic reaction to a product. Immediately remove product if possible, and apply a cold compress. Offer a drink of cold water and open a window. Allergic to oil. Rinse with water, and apply a cold compress. Advise them to consult their medical doctor if their condition does not improve within 24 hours. Remember to note all contra indicators and actions on your client treatment card, for future reference. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 11 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 4. Contra – indications Page 1.Page 11 l Weak / damaged nail plate We do not recommend that a client with weak, damaged or over processed nails be given a gel polish treatment.Page 26. Every client consultation is different. Consequently, you need to consider the unique circumstances of any contra-indicators and determine whether or not to proceed. Remember to err on the side of caution. Don’t place your clients health or well-being at risk, or that of your reputation. 4.C. Medical conditions and considerations Here is a partial list of contra-indicators related to medical conditions, which you should be aware of. Again, as we continually stress, if you are uncertain, err on the side of caution for everybody’s sake. Rheumatism Rheumatism is a general term for pain, with or without stiffness, in muscles and joints. Arthritis Arthritis is a general term for the inflammation of a joint. Great care should be taken when massaging the hands of a client with arthritis and rheumatism. Joints which are inflamed must not be over-stimulated. Asthma – Breathing difficulties: This condition can be triggered by dust or airborne products such as vapours from monomers and accelerator sprays. Make sure you offer PPE (personal protective equipment) in the form of a mask at the consultant stage. Circulation: Poor circulation gives the nails a blush tinge. This condition could be caused by the thrombosis and massage could be potentially harmful. A client that suddenly develops blue nails, should seek advice from their medical doctor as this could be an indicator of an underlying condition. Diabetes: Diabetes occurs when there are high levels of sugar in the blood that can be caused by a low production of insulin. This can result in a lack of sensation in the extremities such as the feet and fingers. Cuticle work should be carried out with care and no sharp tools that could cause damage are to be used as healing is slow in these areas and infection can spread easily. Severe diabetes sufferers often have open sores on their feet that they are unaware of, so a thorough consultant is needed. Epilepsy – fits / seizures: In severe suffers these can be triggered by flickering lights, especially when switching on UV/LED Lamps or by switching on foot spas. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 12 Part 1: Anatomy & Physiology of the nail Section 4. Contra – indications Page 1. Hypersensitive skin:Page 12 Anyone with hypersensitive skin should avoid any products that have a high level of chemicals or stimulants such as cinnamon or caffeine to prevent reaction. A patch test would be advisable in the crook of the arm. Pregnancy: Pregnancy could affect the type of treatment we give and also how the treatment will last. Any treatments using essential oils should be avoided in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Technicians may notice that enhancements lift where normally they have been good. The body changes considerably when pregnant, so we recommend enhancements be stopped all together and only natural nail care be given. It is also advisable not to use vibrations on the foot spa as this could set off labour. Medication: This can be instrumental in the change of the health of the nail plate. A lot of medications can seriously alter the health of the nail plate, especially medicines linked to the heart. Nail growth is adversely affected. Nails become dry and brittle and may start to peel. Even the most fastidious nail care will make little difference to the condition of the nails and sometimes enhancements are the only solution to the problem. 4.D. Skin disorders affecting the hands Here is a list a list of the skin disorders you will probably encounter. Eczema Eczema is usually caused by factors inside the body or by an inherited or acquired instability of the skin. Dermatitis Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin, which results from factors outside of the body, an allergic dermatitis reaction usually shows up within 24 hours of contact with the offending substance. Both these conditions should be treated by a medical doctor. It is not advisable to carry out a manicure or gel polish treatment on a client that has eczema or dermatitis.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 13 Part 2: The Treatment Section 1. The Consultation Page 1. 1. The consultation.Page 13 The health and well-being of your client is your first priority. You need to establish all pertinent facts about your client before commencing any treatment. This manual comes with a Consultation Form, for the Application of Gel Polish, use it with every treatment you give. Start the consultation by:- 1. Checking your client record, confirming any pertinent medical details, or reactions to treatments. 2. Establish if they have any medical condition, which would prohibit you from conducting the treatment. For example, if they are diabetic, they cannot have their cuticles cut with nippers. 3. Establish if they are on any medication which they, or you, are aware of, which may cause a negative reaction. You are not a medical professional, but you have a “duty of care” to your clients, to ensure you place their well-being at the top of your priorities, before you do anything which may risk their health or well being. 4. Check for Contra-indicators. Contra-indications are conditions which may prevent you from carrying out the treatment. Therefore, the next process is to establish if they have any contra-indications. If a client shows signs of any contra- indication, tactfully suggest they seek medical advice and possible treatment. We recommend you don’t tell your client what contra-indication they may have, even if you are sure you know what it is, as you may be wrong! Remember, you are not a health professional, and therefore, should not comment on matters beyond your expertise, as this may lead to problems for you later on. If you are unsure about a contra-indication, then do not treat the client, but rather request that they get a consent letter, from their medical doctor. Do not risk the client’s health, or your professional reputation, by taking any chances. If the treatment can continue, establish the clients specific requirements regarding a) Nail shape, b) Length of nail, c) The finish required, for example, shiny or matt finish d) Gel colour required, if appropriate.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 14 Part 2: The Treatment Page 1. Section 2. Preparing product and equipmentPage 14 2. Preparing product and equipment. Here is a list of the products you will need to carry out this treatment.Page 26. l An anti bacterial cleansing spray. l A primer, which primes the nails, preventing the gel polish from lifting. l A dehydrator, which is used to remove all the natural oils from the nail plate, and acts as a PH Balancer. l Nail Cleanser to remove sticky residue and dust from nails. l Cuticle oil. l Base coat, which is used to prevent the gel polish from staining the natural nail. l Top coat, used to seal the colour in, and prevent chipping. l The desired colour of gel polish. Here is a list of the Equipment you will require to carry out the treatment. l An L E D / U V lamp. l A Nail grit file with a dual 180 and 240 grit. l A buffing block. l A cuticle pusher and nipper. l Lint free pads. l 2 clean hand towels. 3. Work area preparation. Prepare a work area of at least 94 centimetres long, by 48 centimetres deep, by 72 centimetres high. Ensure the lighting is good. If not, you will struggle to see properly, and as a result, produce poor results. Make sure the surface has been cleaned . Remember the “Golden Rule” - hygiene first. Place a clean towel on the work surface. Place all products, and equipment out ready for treatment, ensuring the tools have been sterilized. 4. Conducting the treatment. When conducting a treatment, it’s a good idea to create a pleasant, ambient atmosphere, where your client feels totally relaxed. Consider playing some music in the background. Make sure the total experience of having their nails done is a pleasant one. Think of all the things you can do to ensure this happens. Chat to your client during the treatment, but don’t irritate them by talking too much. Preparation of the Nails l Wash your hands before every treatment, and apply a sanitizer, as germs are easily spread. Sanitise both yours and clients hands. l Remove nail polish, if worn. l File the nails to the shape desired. l Push back the cuticles. l Trim excess cuticle off l Remove nail surface shine using a nail buffer. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 15 Part 2: The Treatment Page 1. Section 4. Conducting the treatmentPage 15 4. Conducting the treatment (continued)Page 26. Application of Gel Polish l Thoroughly cleanse the nails with prep and wipe l Apply a primer, ensure the nails are thoroughly clean l Apply base coat ensuring you cap the free edge. Cure for 2 minutes (UV) or 30 seconds (LED.) Do this for all of the coats l Apply one thin coat of colour, and cure. UV 2 minutes LED 30secs l Repeat if necessary, apply up to 3 thin coats l Apply top coat. UV 2 minutes LED 30secs l Wipe off sticky residue with prep and wipe. Application of French l Thoroughly cleanse the nails with prep and wipe l Apply a primer, ensure the nails are thoroughly clean l Apply a base coat and cure. UV 2minutes LED 30secs l Apply a “smile” line to create the white French tip and cure. UV 2 minutes LED 30secs l Apply a thin pale pink coat of colour, and cure. UV 2minutes LED 30secs l Repeat if necessary, apply up to 3 thin coats l Apply top coat and cure. UV 2 minutes LED 30secs l Wipe off sticky residue with prep and wipe Removal of Gel Polish l Gently buff the shine off the top coat using a 180 grit file or buffer l Apply remover or acetone to a lint free pad and use foil wraps or use soak off clips. l Wait 10 – 20 minutes for the gel to soften l Gently lift and remove the gel with a cuticle tool l Buff away any remaining gel with a buffer block, wash hands l Apply cuticle oil if gel is not being re applied. 5. Post-treatment checks. Check the client is happy with the results. Ask them to refer your services to family, friends, and colleagues. Explain the procedures they should follow, to get the most out of their 14 day, chip free gel polish. Such as:- l Use cuticle oil twice daily. l Gently massage into cuticles and let dry. l Moisturize hands daily. l Do not have nails too long for their lifestyle. l Do not pick, bite, or attempt to remove the Gel polish without seeking professional advice, for its safe removal. l To keep their Gel polish and nails in good condition, they should attend regular appointments. l Always wear household gloves for cleaning tasks and washing up. l Do not use nails as tools. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 16 Part 2: The Treatment Section 6. Cleaning up & storage of product and equipment Page 1. 6. Cleaning up and storage of product and equipment.Page 16 ● All tools should be sterilised before being put away. ● Wash them in warm soapy water before being sterilised. ● Ensure all product lids are tightly closed, and stored in a cool dark place. ● Gel polish should never be exposed to UV light, or direct sunlight, as they will cure in the bottle. Life expectancy of gel polish is 6 months, however, if stored correctly they could last considerably longer. ● Date code all products, to ensure you are not using expired products. This will reflect badly on your business. ● Use some nail cleanser to wipe around the top of the bottle. If you don’t, over time the lid will stick, causing problems when opening. Furthermore, it looks more professional when you show you look after your products. 7. Maintaining records of the client. Make sure you keep accurate records of treatments in a locked compartment. You will need to record full name, address, email address, phone number, Date of birth, medication, medical history, recent operations, previous contra– indication, as well as contra-actions, particularly allergic reactions to products. Also, record any Doctor consent forms received. You may also consider recording personal information about clients, such as whether they are married, number of children, so that when they use your service again, you have personal info about them, to help make the treatment more personal, and enjoyable. The keeping of accurate records is important for both marketing and insurance purposes. Furthermore, it impresses clients when you show them you keep accurate records of their treatments. This is an indication of a caring professional. From a marketing perspective, it means you can follow-up on further treatments. It means your communication with clients will be highly personalised, as your communication with them is based on their unique history and requirements.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 17 Part 3: Hygiene Section 1. General rules. Page 1. 1. General rulesPage 17 Below are some of the basic rules of hygiene which must be followed.:Page 26. ü Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after each client treatment us- ing an antibacterial cleanser. Fingernails should also be clean. ü Fingernails should be short and tidy. You must look presentable at all times. ü Disposable gloves should be worn where possible. ü Long hair should be tied back. ü Jewellery, including wedding bands should be removed, as these can harbour bacteria. ü The therapist’s sleeves should be rolled up. Preferably, short sleeved garments should be worn. ü Use clean towels. ü Use clean headbands. ü Spatulas (not fingers) should be used for removing products from containers. ü Implements should be cleaned and sterilised (or disposed of) between clients. Working Hygienically: Cross infection (cross contamination) usually occurs via: ü Unclean hands. ü Contaminated tools. ü Sores, particularly weeping scores. ü Discharges from nose or mouth. ü Shared use of items, brushes and cups. ü Close contact with infected skin cells. ü Contaminated blood or tissue cells. To minimise cross infection risks, you must: ü Ensure you can recognise signs of infection. ü Avoid contact which could put you, your client or colleagues at risk. ü Provide clean towels and couch paper for each client. ü Wash hands regularly (at least before and after clients) with antibacteri- al cleanser. ü Ensure that tools, equipment and surfaces are sterilised and sanitised. ü Wear disposable gloves, cover cuts and grazes with a waterproof dressing. ü Dispose of all materials in a sealed bag, put sharp items in containers. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 18 Part 3: Hygiene Section 2. Methods of sterilisation Page 1. What’s the difference between sanitisation and sterilisation? Sanitisation is another word for disinfection. Disinfectants use antimicrobial agents to destroy or inactivate microorganisms. Disinfectants may not kill all bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores. Disinfectants uses antimicrobial agents on objects, surfaces or living tissue to reduce the number of disease-causing organisms to non-threatening levels. Sterilisation uses chemicals, temperature, gas and/or pressure to kill or inactivate all disease-causing bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses.Page 18 2. Methods of sterilisationPage 26. Here are some methods to sterilise tools and equipment. Autoclave Autoclaves sterilise using steam pressure, higher than boiling point. The times and temperatures vary from 15 minutes at 121 degree centigrade to 3 minutes at 134 degrees. This is considered to be the most effective method of sterilisation. It is used for metal tools and some plastics. Chemical Chemical sterilisation uses chemicals, such as cidex, marvicide or formaldehyde. It is suitable for metal and plastics. Items need to immersed for 20 minutes to be effectively sterilised. Glass Bead Small glass beads are heated to a high temperature (between 190 – 300 degrees C). Small metal tools can then be placed in between the glass beads. The disadvantages are that the tools can become damaged if they are left in for too long. Take care to protect fingers when removing items as they are very hot. 3. Methods of sanitisation UV Cabinet – this has disinfectant properties only and therefore does not sterilise. This is a safe environment for the storage of sterilised tools. Surgical Spirit – has disinfectant properties and is suitable for wiping over tools prior to sterilisation. It is also effective for wiping down surfaces. Barbicide – a chemical that will kill bacteria, however not usually the spores. It is used for storing plastic spatulas during the treatment. Disinfectant Tablet – this tablet is placed in water and dissolves on contact. It is used for sponges as the liquid can penetrate the fibres of these tools. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 19 Part 3: Hygiene Section 4. Blood Spillage Page 1. 4. Blood Spillage If any bleeding occurs, which happens sometimes; mostly accidentally, it is vital that you understand the correct procedure to follow: ü An antiseptic should be applied to cotton wool and pressed onto the skin. ü The used cotton wool should be disposed of by placing in a “Sharps” contain- er, or yellow bin liner (medical / body waste bag.) ü If there is a large blood spill - put on gloves. Pour neat bleach onto the spill- age. Leave for 1 minute, then wash away with lots of HOT water and deter- gent. Ensure no contact is made with the blood. 5. Disposal of Waste All waste (rubbish) must be placed straight into a bin, which has a lid and contains a bin liner. At the end of every day/session, this should then be sealed and disposed of immediately into the main bin liner. Any waste that has met body fluids should be placed into a yellow bin liner (medical / body waste bag) if a large item, otherwise into yellow “Sharps” container. This will then be collected and incinerated (burnt) at a suitable site. 6 Surfaces and Floors Clean surfaces and floors daily with HOT water and detergent and then disinfect with surgical spirit or similar product. In a training environment, the top of the trolley should be wiped over before every use. You must be in no doubt as to how easily germs are spread, and the need to take precautions at every stage, to ensure they are not.Page 19Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 20 Part 3: Hygiene Page 1. Section 7. Contagious ConditionsPage 20 7. Contagious Conditions Page 29 To avoid cross contamination, you first line of defence is to recognise a condition and avoid contact with it. There are four types of Contagious Conditions:Page 26. Viruses Tiny germs which can only survive in living cells. v Common cold / flu v Cold sores (Herpes simplex) v Shingles v Chicken pox v Hepatitis v AIDs v Warts v Verruca’s Bacteria Tiny, single cell organisms, which multiply very quickly. They are capable of breeding outside the body and can therefore be caught easily through contact with contaminated articles. v Impetigo (can be spread from one part of the body to another) v Conjunctivitis (found in the eye membrane) v Sty (small boil at the root of the eyelash) v Whitlow (infection at the side of base of nail plate) Fungus Consists of yeast’s and moulds. They feed off the waste products of the skin they invade. v Ringworm (tinea corpus – a red spot which spreads outwards then heals from the centre, forming a ring). v Athletes foot (tinea pedis – a type of ringworm usually resulting in spongy tissue or itching and cracking between the toes. On soles and heels skin becomes bright red and covered with white scales). v Ringworm of the nail (tinea unguium or onychomycosis – whitish patch- es which can be scraped off, can invade the free edge and spread to the nail root which causes the nail to become spongy and sometimes detached). Infestation Invasion by small animal parasites living off human blood. v Scabies (mite burrows through the skin, lays eggs, itchy rash with swelling, tell – tale track of burrows shows up as little greyish ridges on the skin. Usually found on fingers, palms and soles. v Head lice (pediculosis captis – tiny insects lay their eggs or “nits” which are attached to the hair, itching can cause blisters). © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 21 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Page 1. Section 1. Health & Safety At Work Act 1974Page 21 In running a business or providing a service, these are the important regulations and requirements which govern you. 1. Health & Safety At Work Act 1974 This requires all employers to provide systems of work that are, so far as reasonably practical, safe and without risks to health. The employees have a responsibility to take reasonable care of themselves and other people affected by their work and to co – operative with the employer in the discharge of this legal obligation. The act provides powers for the Health and Safety Commission and the Health and Safety Executive. The act allows various regulations to be made which control the workplace. The provisions, as well as persons who work alone, away from an employer’s premises, also cover self – employed persons. The Health and Safety at Work Act, instils the principle that if a hazard affecting health and safety occurs in the workplace, then it is not entirely the responsibility of the employer to take remedial action, or to be responsible for any claim made as a result of subsequent damage when remedial action was ineffective. Example: as an employee, if you see clients tripping over a hole in the carpet in reception, you have an immediate duty to report this to management and to take some emergency remedial action, like covering the hole with adhesive tape or placing a piece of furniture over it, until an appropriate repair can be undertaken. In awarding damages under this legislation, judges started to use the systems of proportionality to decide in how far the employee and the employer were to blame. This means that proper records must be kept of any hazards and remedial action taken, employees need to keep copies of reports to management, and things like ‘Accidents at Work’ books have become more important. Within this act there are a number of regulations having legal force, which have been imposed through the UK Government and the European Community legislator’s requirements. The act requires employers to undertake ‘Risk assessments‘ to identify and manage the workplace and take account of identified problems. Employees also have responsibilities and this can affect their liability in cases of personal damage. 2. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 This act covers things such as toilet facilities, minimum working temperature, adequate lighting, adequate ventilation, appropriate floor covering, drinking water and staff area. In the staff area / rest room there should be adequate facilities to protect non – smokers and arrangements for pregnant women or nursing mothers.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 22 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Page 1. Section 3. Control of Substances 3. Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) 2002 This law requires employers to control exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace. Most products used in the salon are perfectly safe, however some of the products could become hazardous under certain conditions or if used incorrectly. Every salon, spa and individual therapist should know how to use and store these products correctly complying the COSHH act. It is the employer’s responsibility to assess the risk of hazardous substances and decide on any action required to reduce those risks. Employees should be adequately trained to allow them to follow the safety guidelines and take precautions highlighted by the risk assessment. In order to comply with COSHH the employer should follow the procedures outlined below: v Assess the risks of each substance. v Decide what precautions are needed i.e. wearing gloves when handling a substance. v Preventing or controlling exposure to certain substances. v Ensuring that control measures are used and maintained. v Monitoring exposure. v Ensuring employees are properly informed, trained and supervised. Detailed instructions must be kept regarding any products considered hazardous. As a therapist you should know how to: ü Store the products/substances in the correct place. ü Follow any precautions needed when using the substance. ü Use the substance correctly. ü Dispose of the substance correctly.Page 22Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 23 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Section 4. Electricity at Work Regulations Page 1. 4. Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Page 23 The electricity at work regulations is concerned with safety generally in the use of electricity. Part of this is the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment in the salon. It is recommended that equipment should be tested regularly to ensure that all flexes and fuses are functioning properly – at least every six months. This does not necessarily need to be an electrician for this level of checking. All results and actions should be recorded to provide a record of recommendations and actions in case of a claim at a later stage and in the case of defects, that the equipment is checked and repaired by a competent person. Most salons and clinics have their equipment tested on an annual basis and a certificate is awarded. This is known as PAT testing – Portable Appliance Testing. 5. Trade descriptions Act 1968 (AMENDED 1987) The act prohibits the use of false trade description. It is important to understand its provision and especially where the description is given by another person and repeated. This means that to repeat a manufacturer’s false claim is to be equally liable. 6. Sale of Goods Act(1979) and Sale and supply of Goods Act (1994) This is associated with the supply of goods and services act 1982, the unfair contract terms act 1977 and the supply of goods (implied terms) Act 1973. These acts cover the consumer rights including goods being of satisfactory quality, the conditions under which goods maybe returned after purchase, an whether the goods are fit for their intended purpose. 7. Cosmetic Products (safety) Regulations 1996 These regulations are made under the consumer protection Act 1987 and implement EEC regulations regarding the labelling, composition, marketing anf description of cosmetic products. 8. Employers liability (compulsory insurance) Act 1969 This act places a duty on the employers to take out and maintain approved insurance policies with authorised insurance against bodily injury or diseases sustained by their employees in the course of their employment. Insurers must issue a certificate of insurance to employers who are required to display the certificate or a copy, at each place of business for the information of the employees. Local authorities are specifically excluded from the Act.Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 24 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Section 9. Treatment Liability Insurance Page 1. 9. Treatment Liability Insurance Attention is drawn to the risks which are insurable under a treatment liability policy. To provide treatments or to advise without such insurance cover may result in the therapist, whether employed or not, suffering heavy financial penalties. Employees who do not have their own insurance must ensure that they are covered by their employer’s policy. 10. Data Protection Act 1984 If computer is used to record client data (information) then the establishment must be registered under this act. The Act then operates to ensure that the information is only used for the purposes that it was given. This means that no information may be given to an outsider without client’s permission. All information held on the computer about an individual must be revealed to that person on request within 40days of an application and at a fee not exceeding £10.00. Clients can seek compensation through the courts for any infringement of their rights as a result of an institution sharing that information when the client gave it for only a specific purpose. 11. Codes of Practice These codes are concerned with many personal treatment areas. Codes like this are specific in their focus (i.e. hygiene) and broad in their application, allied occupational areas. Other codes – formal and informal – maybe concerned with ethical or business practices, or other aspects of client relationships. All those codes that apply should be understood that are involved in specifying good practice and may be considered in any legal action against an establishment. Codes are not mandatory but set the standard in an industry and are often adopted as mandatory on members by professional representative bodies.Page 24Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 25 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Page 1. Section 12. Codes of Ethics 12. Codes of Ethics The essence of a profession is that it is vitally interested in the well-being of the members of the public whom it provides services and that is imposes on its members various obligation to ensure that the public are protected from improper practice. As a result, all professions have a code of ethics covering rules of conduct and those who break the code incur a penalty or expulsion. In the case of the society, institute and FFS, any proven breach of this code is subject to a warning. If it is disregarded, conviction of the breach can mean that, the member can be suspended or expelled. In serious cases, suspension without warning is immediate. New members have to sign a document that they will abide by the code of ethics in its current form and with any additions and amendments which may occur during the membership term. This ensures that everyone is made aware of what is involved by becoming a member of a professional body. The subsidiary Ethical Rules are specific to: v Cutting of the skin v Skin peeling v Ultra violet radiation v Hair removal on the body v Moles, warts and capillaries v Varicose veins v Ozone v Ultra sonic devices v Treatments of member of the opposite sex v HygienePage 25Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016

Page 26 Part 4: Statutory Regulations & Requirements Page 1. Section 13. First Aid at Work 13. First Aid at Work The Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 Employers have a legal duty to make arrangements to ensure their employees receive immediate attention if they are injured or taken ill at work. It doesn’t matter whether the injury or illness is caused by the work they do. What is important is that they receive immediate attention and that an ambulance is called in serious cases. First aid at work (FAW) covers the arrangements that need to be made to manage injuries or illness suffered at work. If an employer decides a first aider is not required in the workplace, a person should be appointed to take charge of the first aid arrangements. The role of this appointed person includes looking after the first aid equipment, emergency cover where a first aider is absent due to unforeseen circumstances. These regulations do not require employers to provide first aid for anyone other than their own employees. However, many organisations such as schools, places of entertainment, fairgrounds and shops provide a service for others and it is strongly recommended that employers include non – employees in their assessment of first aid needs and make provision for them. Before taking up first aid duties, a first aider should have undertaken training and have a qualification that HSE approves. This means that they must hold a valid certificate of competence in either: ü First aid at Work (FAW) issued by a training organisation approved by HSE. Or ü Emergency First aid at Work (EFAW) issued by a training organisation approved by HSE or a recognised awarding body. Although not mandatory, this will help qualified first aiders maintain their basic skills and keep up to date with any changes to first aid procedures. A self – employed person shall provide, or ensure there is provided, such equipment, if any, as is adequate and appropriate in the circumstances to enable her/him to render first aid to herself/himself while she/he is at work.Page 26Page 26. © Copyright Sunshine Hair and Beauty Training Academy 2016