A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P)Review Article ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda Kishor Bhimrao Rathod, Mohan Ramchandra Joshi, Priyanka Ashok Aher Sanskrit Samhita Siddhant Dept, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, IndiaAbstractAccording to Charaka Samhita, the disease is the state in which both the body and mind are subjectto pain and misery. There is need of classification of disease which is caused by exogenous andendogenous factors. Generally, the classification gives the idea about the type and differencebetween diseases. Classification of disease is very essential for the treatment of the diseasedindividual. Unskilled physicians, who are unable to identify nature of disease, examine patient byapplying sensory organ which provides only superficial knowledge of disease. To know the wholenature of disease, one should know the classification of disease which is based on origin of disease,causative factor, surgical cure or nonsurgical cure, infected organ etc.Key wordsDosha as cause of disease, Numerability and Innumerability of disease, Classification of disease,Types of disease. Introduction disturbance in equilibrium of dhatus and on other side the state of their equilibrium is health The disease has been defined as the state in (Arogya). Sushruta [2] defined disease as which both the body and mind are subjected to conjugation of the living being with pain. pain and misery [1]. Shabdhastoma Mahanidhi Arundatta, the commentator of Vaghbhata has [1] has referred disease as the mind which is described disease as term which implies, the ever anxious to be free from pain and misery. Infliction of pain, either on the mind or body or Charakacharya defined disease as any both [3]. In Bruhatrayee, diseases are classified as one type, two type, three type, four type, six*Corresponding Author: Kishor Bhimrao Rathod type and seven type but essential criteria forE mail: [email protected] classification are causative factor, prognosis, pathophysiology and treatment [4].Received on: 08-10-2014 How to cite this article: Kishor Bhimrao Rathod, Mohan RamchandraAccepted on: 14-10-2014 Joshi, Priyanka Ashok Aher. A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda. IAIM, 2014; 1(2): 50-60. Available online at www.iaimjournal.comInternational Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 50Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)Synonyms of diseases are explained as amaya, Numerability and Innumerability of disease –gada, yakshma and vyadhi. Amaya as disease are According charakacharya, diseases areengendered by ama. Gada means multiplicity of numerable and innumerable due to variouscause which engendered by disease status. roots of classification [3]. Actually these twoYakshma means certain diseases according to terms numerability and innumerability areAyurveda exhibit the features of many other opposite to each other, Individual has the libertydisease i.e. symptom complex or syndrome, as to classify things as he likes. (Bhetta hican be illustrated with the example of jwara bhedyamanyatha bhinnatee) [6]. If something iswhich is characterized by aalyasa, arochaka etc. already classified into some groups in particularHence, yakshma is synonym given to vyadhi manner, he may reclassify it on the basis of(Disease) [5]. different criteria which may result in changes in the number of group in different ways. This doesClassification of diseases not invalidate the number of groups according to some other mode of classification. In someAccording to Bruhatrayee, diseases are classified cases, the criteria of classification may appear toin various types according to need of treatment, be the same as the previous one but the specificcausative factor and prognosis. Doshas are features of each of these should be observe ininternal cause of disease and essential factor for deciding about validity of this classification. Theexogenous type of disease. Without vitiated same term may carry different meanings e.g. theDoshas formation, disease is Impossible. word “Roga” denotes both the Doshas as well as Disease. Similarly various terms which areDosha - as cause of disease [1] – The nature of synonymous may denote only one thing e.g.the exciting factors of the disease are many and Roga, Atanka, Yakshma and Vikara [3].varied. The actual internal factor which become Actually numerability and innumerability isexcited and imbalanced, either conferring a based on varied criteria like causative factor,predisposition to or actually causing morbidities severity of pain, colour, and place of disease andare Vata, Pitta and Kapha. These three factors name of disease.are susceptible to imbalance and vitiation. They 1) Causative factor - dry for Vata, wet for Kapha,vitiate structural and functional elements of heat for Pittabody. The state of equilibrium means Samyata, 2) Severity of Pain – According to different typesis stated to be disease free state i.e. Health of Vata(Arogyata), as disease state to be an imbalance 3) Colour – paleness of skin, eyesof their equilibrium [6]. 4) Sthana (organ) – In Amashaya (Stomach) likeDosha and diseases having close relation which organ, due to Vatadi dosha producing symptomscan be explained by cause effect relationship. at that site produces different types of disease(Karyakaran Sidhanta) In which, Intimate cause [9]. Classification of disease according to various(Samvayi karan) is vitiated Dosha, Non Intimate Acharya is as per Table - 1.cause (Asamvayi karan) is vitiated Dosha andDushya and Instrumental cause is Hetu (aahar- One type classificationviharadi). All this karana (causes) are responsiblefor disease (effect). But intimate cause i.e. According to Kashyapa, pain (peeda kartuttva) isDosha is intrinsic factor and main cause of common between all the diseases. So Rogatva isdisease [7]. single type of disease. Haarita stated KarmajaInternational Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 51Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)means disease occur due to man Karma which 3. Pratyakhey (Incurable disease)done in past [10]. B) 1. Adhyatmik (Constitutional type) 2. Adhibhoutik (Environmental stresses).Two type classification 3. Aadhidaivik (disease caused due to acts of god)Classification of diseases according to Classification of diseases according toCharakacharya is as per Table – 2. Charkacharya [9]: As per sharira (body) and mana (mind):Classification of diseases according to 1) Nija (endogenous disease)Sushrutacharya [11]: 2) Agantuj (exogenous disease)1)Shastrasadhya Vyadhi (Surgically curable 3) manasa(mind)disease)2) Svedadisadhya Vyadhi (Non surgically curable As per Dosha:disease) 1) Ekdoshaj (due to one dominant dosha) 2) Dvidoshaj (due to two dominant Dosha)Classification of diseases according to Ashtang 3) Sannipatik (due to all three dominant Dosha)Hrudya [2]:1) Prakrut (Easily curable) and Vaikrut (Difficult Saamanyaj vyadhi (General type):to cure) 1) Vataj,2) Anubandhya (Primary disease) and 2) Pittaj,Anubandha (Secondary disease) 3) SannipatajWhere Anubandh disease (Primary disease) arefurther classified as Classification of diseases on the basis of root of1) Purvaj (disease due to bad act of previous life) occurrence [9]:2) Upadravaj (complication) 1) Shaakhagat (external root) 2) Marmasthi (middle root)Classification of diseases according to 3) Koshtgat (internal root)Ashtangsangrah [12]:1) Karma (born from the effect of bad acts of Classification of diseases on the basis of itshuman), further classified as pratyuttapanna nature [3]:karmaj (disease born due to present act of 1) Agni (caused by heating attribute)human) and Purvakarmaj (born from the effect 2) Soumya (caused by cooling attribute)of bad acts of past live) 3) Vayavya (caused by Vata quality)2) Apatarpanaj vyadhi (over nutrition diseases)and Santarpanjanya vyadhi (under nutritional Classification of diseases according todiseases) Ashtanghrudya [2]: 1) Doshaj (born from disease)Three type classification 2) Karmaj (born from effect of bad act of previous live)Classification of diseases according to 3) Dosh karmaj (combination of both Doshaj andSushrutacharya [13]: Karmaj)A) 1. Sadhyaa (Curable disease) 2. Yaapyaa (Palliable disease)International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 52Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)Four type classification On the basis of Doshas: 1) VatajClassification of diseases according to 2) Pittajcharakacharya [6]: 3) Kaphaj1) Aagantuj (exogenous disease) 4) Vata-Pittaj2) Vataj Vyadhi 5) Pitta-Kaphaj3) Pittaj Vyadhi 6) Vata-Kaphaj4) Kaphaj Vyadhi On the basis of Doshas:Classification of diseases according to 1) Sahaj (Hereditary disease)sushrutacharya [11]: 2) Garbhaj (Congenital disease)1) Aagantuj (exogenous disease) 3) Jataj (Humoral disease)2) Sharira (physical disease) 4) Kalaj (Ecological disease)3) Manasa(mental disease) 5) Prabhavaj (Super natural disease)4) Svabhavik (natural disease) 6) Svabhavaj (Natural diseases) 7) Peedajanya (Traumatic disease)Six type classification Classification of diseases according to Ashtanghrudya [15]:Classification of diseases according to 1) Sahaj (Hereditary disease)Kashyapsahita [14]: 2) Garbhaj (Congenital disease)On the basis of Matruj Dugdha Rasa (mother 3) Jataj (Humoral disease)milk’s taste): 4) Kalaj (Ecological disease)1) Madhur (sweet) 5) Prabhavaj (Super natural disease)2) Amla (sour) 6) Svabhavaj (Natural diseases)3) Lavana (lavana) 7) Peedajanya (Traumatic disease)4) Katu (bitter)5) Tikta (pungent) Discussion6) Kashay (astringent)Seven type classification The classification having various criteria, on the basis of 1) How disease is bornClassification of diseases according to 2) Origin of diseaseSushrutacharya [2]: 3) Cure of disease1. Aadibalapravrutta (hereditary disease) 4) Inflamed organ2. Janmabalpravrutta (congenital disease) 5) The way of diagnosis3. Doshbalpravrutta (humoraldisease)4. Kalbalpravrutta (ecological disease) One type classification5. Daivbalpravrutta (supernatural disease) This one type disease classification is described6. Svabhavbalapravrutta (natural diseases) by Kashpacharya and Harita, based on common7. Sanghatbalpravrutta (traumatic disease) character like pain (aiko rogo rujakarana samarthyat) and Karmaja disease (born from theClassification of diseases according to effect of bad acts of person) i.e. personalAshatangsangrah [3]: behavior of human.International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 53Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)Two type classification types that can be cured easily and other withThese classifications are described by various some difficulty, similarly incurable disease are ofAcharya considering treatment, curability, two types one is palliable other is absolutelyinfected organ, vititated dosha etc. irreversible. Again curable diseases have three alternates depending on the moderate andAccording to Charakacharya, there were two excellent devices required to cure them. Thistypes: Samanyaja (General type) and Nanatmaja alternation is however, not possible with regard(Specific type) in which Samanyaja having 48 to disease which are absolutely incurable.diseases and Nanatamja having 120 diseases.Samanyaja Vyadhi arises when there is Incurable diseases are classified as one isimbalance of one or all dosha. It is caused due to palliable and other is incurable. The palliabledisequilibrium of anyone of doshas. Nanatmaja disease patient survived for certain period bydisease is caused due to disequilibrium of one following wholesome regimen and such hasparticular Dosha. Samanyaja having further enjoyed a little relief but even slightestclassification Ekdoshaj (disease caused by one carelessness might instantaneously aggravatedosha), Dvidoshaj (disease caused by two condition.dosha), Tridoshaj (disease caused by threedosha). Nanatmaja vyadhi is based on the In absolute incurable, all Dosha, Dhatu, andendogenous factor having combination of dosha sense organ affected. Affected patient is weakwhile samanyaja are having causative factor but sufficiently advanced having bad prognosis.single dosha, combination of dosha and Also Charakacharya given another classification,exogenous factor. Samanyaja are 48 types Anubandh (Primary disease) – Anubandhyahaving different causative factors. Nanatmaja (Secondary). Dosha vitiated during the processinclude causative factor purely Doshas. of manifestation of disease may be of AnubandhCausative factor of nanatmaja vyadhi are (Primary) and Anubandhya (Secondary). Thereendogenous having characteristic of dosha and are various factors which vitiate different dosha.similar to Gunas (Quality). This classification is If such factor is responsible for the vitiatation ofbased on the nidan (diagnosis), pain severity, Dosha, particular Dosha should treat as primarylocation of disease and powerful of guna nature. In secondary disease manifest their(quality). respective symptoms only when they are stimulated by the Dosha of primary natureIn roganik adhyay (C. Vi. 6), there are 10 fold means subordinate disease. Dosha do notclassification of disease having two types. On aggravated by the factors responsible for theirthe basis of prognosis - curable and incurable, aggravation nor do they get alleviated by theintensity - mild and severe, location – mental therapy prescribed specially for them. They getand physical, nature of causative factor - alleviated only when therapy prescribed for theendogenous and exogenous, site of origin - other Dosha is administrated. That is to say that,having origin from amashaya (stomach) or aggravation and alleviation of subordinatepakvashaya (intestine). Dosha are effected by causative factor and therapies, other than own.Even diseases are of two groups and eachaccording to above criteria but different The classification given in the Roganikvimanpermutation and combination, only pain is Adhyay (C. Vi. 6/2) stated the justification ofcommon to all. Curable diseases are of two different type of disease, if something, alreadyInternational Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 54Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)classified in particular manner, is reclassified in Two types classification is also done byother way following different criteria, there may sushrutacharya as surgical cure and non surgicalbe a change in the number of group, and such a cure. This is based on treatment likechange should not render the statement administration of purgatives, emetics, oils,suggesting such a classification incorrect. On the diaphoretics and unguents.other hand, if there is no change in the numberof groups, this does not necessarily justify the According to Ashatang samgraha, Prakrut (easilymode of classification. It is true that disease are curable) and Vaikrut (difficult to cure), thisof one group in view of the pain as common classification is done on the basis Rhutukalfactor to all, but if they are considered to be of (season) which is explained in the Nidansthanaone group according to prognosis (prabhava) Jvaranidana which stated that disease origin inalso, this will not be correct statement in as rhutu (season) with prokopa (aggravation) ofmuch as disease are actually of two groups dosha produces type of disease which is easily(curable and incurable). curable for example Vataj jvara origin in Varsha rhutu (rainy season) due to Vataj dosha isA reply to the query as how two terms having curable because in this type of disease onlymutually opposite meaning can be applied to treatment of vitiated Vataj dosha which is easilysame thing which is disease. If the same criteria curable, if in varsh rhutu there is origin of pittajare followed for classification, any change in the jvara then it is difficult to treat as there vatajnumber of grouping will be incorrect. On the dosha as well as pittaj dosha is vitiated it Isother side, if the criteria of classification are difficult to treat the disease i.e Vaikuta. Thisdifferent the change in number of grouping is classification was done on the basis of rhutukalquite justifiable and this does not involve and vitiated dosha. This was also followed byopposite meaning. ashatang hrudya. Ashtangsangraha explained in Sutrasthana 22 in Rogbhediya Adhyay afterIndividual has the liberty to classify things as he seven fold classification why the seven types oflikes. If something is already classified into some disease occur is explained giving another twogroups in particular manner, he may reclassify it type classification i.e. pratiuttapan karmajon the basis of different criteria which may (disease born due to present act of human)result in changes in the number of group in purvakarmaja (disease born due to present actdifferent ways. This does not invalidate the of human) and pratiuttapan karmaj disease arenumber of groups according to some other due to the karma of the sharira and purvakarmajmode of classification. In some cases the criteria vyadhi are due to the act bad act of past liveof classification may appear to be the same as [15].the previous one but the specific feature of eachof these should be observe in deciding about Three type classificationvalidity of classification. The same term may Charak samhita also mentioned three types ofcarry different meanings e.g. the word “Roga” classification which is shakhagat (peripheraldenotes both the doshas as well as disease. system), marmasthi (vital organs and jointSimilarly various terms which are synonymous bones), koshtagat (central system). Thismay denote only one thing, e.g. Roga Atanka classification was based on disease occurringYakshma, and Vikara. Another classification is specific path. Also another classification is Nijaguru (serious disease) and laghu (mild disease) (Endogenous), Aagantuj (Exogenous) andwhich is based on prognosis of disease [9]. maanas (Mental) disease. This based on ShariraInternational Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 55Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)(Body) and Mana (Mind). This classification In Ashtangsangraha, three type classifications isfollowed by Ashtanga Samgraha [8]. Endogenous (Nija), Exogenous (Aagantuj) and Mental (maanas) disease. This based on shariraAccording to Sushruta, three type of (Body) and Mana (Mind).classification is Sadhyaa (Curable disease),Yaapyaa (Palliable disease), Pratyakhey As per Ashtang hrudayam, three type(Incurable disease) which is based on pariksha classification is Doshaj (born from Doshas),(examination), aupsargika (complication), Karmaj (born from the effect of bad acts ofprakkevala (disease proper) and anyalakshana previous live), and Dosh Karmaj (born(premonitory symptom). Aupsargika combination of Doshas and bad act of previous(complication) is that symptoms appear before lives). This classification is based onmanifestation of disease. Prakkevala (disease performance of human. If he is doing bad acts inproper) is symptoms which manifested from present life then Doshaj vyadhi will be produce.beginning without premonitory symptoms. If diseases will arise without any cause areAnyalakshana is premonitory symptom. Another known as Karmaja (bad acts of previous live). Ifthree types of classification by Sushrutacharya is disease had severe or terrible onset are knownAdhyatmik (Constitutional type), Adhibhoutik Doshakarmaja (born combination of Doshas and(Environmental stresses), and aadhidaivik bad act of previous lives).(Disease caused due to acts of god) which isbased on the nature of Abhighata or stress, Four type classificationresponsible for their causation. Adhyatmik or According to Sushruta, four type classificationsconstitutional type i.e. those due to intrinsic are Aagantuj (Exogenous), Sharira (Physical)somatic or sharirika (physical) and manasika Manasa (Mental), Svabhavik (Natural). This(mental) or psychic kinds of disturbance. classification is based cause of disease. AagantujAadhibhotik are those which are caused by (Exogenous) diseases are caused by injury;environmental stresses. Aadhidaivik types are physical ones are caused by food, drinks throughthose which are caused by providential cause’s disequilibrium of Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Rakta, and(acts of god). Sannipata. Mental diseases are anger, sorrow, fear, exhilaration, envy, jealousy, anxiety causedThey are based on the recognition of various by different forms of desire and aversion.kind of stress to which man is subjected to and Natural diseases are hunger, thirst, senility,to the assault or abhighataj to which he stands death, sleep and those caused by constitutionexposed. These assaults or abhighata on him, [2].may from other living forms, that aim to invadeas parasites or to destroy, by metrological and Six type classificationclimatic crisis that sometimes predictably or This type of classification is explained byoften whimsically pass over earth’s surface by Kashyapa, which based on Matruj stanyaaother physical forces that operate upon man in (mother milk taste).terms of his mass and volume i.e. aadhidaivik 1) Madhur (sweet)and by elements of earth crust which man often 2) Amla (sour)dangerously manipulates for the promotion of 3) Lavana (lavana)his comfort and pleasure, or to fulfill his passion 4) Katu (bitter)for destruction (aadhibhotika – pradynaparadh). 5) Tikta (pungent) 6) Kashay (astringent).International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 56Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)This classification is based on taste of stanya category is subdivided under two heads, as thewhich main factor for disease causing in disease found to have its origin in amashayaneonates. (stomach) or in pakvashaya (intenstine). Each of these again may be classified further two mainSeven type classification division sharirik (physical) and manasikaClassification of diseases according to (mental). All these morbidities are belongs toSushrutacharya [2]: the Adhyatmika.1) Aadibalapravrutta (Hereditary disease)2) Janmabalpravrutta (Congenital disease) 4) Sanghatbala pravrutta (Traumatic disease):3) Doshbalpravrutt (Humeral disease) Disease belonging to this category caused by4) Kalbalpravrutta (Ecological disease) aabhighata (trauma), such as external and5) Daivbalpravrutta (Supernatural disease) internal injuries due to blows or inflicted by6) Svabhavbalapravrutta (Natural diseases) sharp instruments (shastrakrutaa); due to7) Sanghatbalpravrutta (traumatic disease) overstrain such as wrestling with an opponent of superior strength. These can be classified as the1) Aadibalapravrutaa (Hereditary disease): The disease caused by external injury by bite of wildorigin of disease included under this heading by animal (vyaalakruta) or poisonous reptile. ThisSushrutacharya is attributed to defect inherent morbidities are belongs to aadhibauthikain either Shukra (male reproductive element) or (Environmental stresses).Shonita or Bija (female reproductive element)which forms the primary factors of being the 5) Kalabala pravrutta (Ecological disease): Thisdisease included under an inherited group includes diseases, which are caused bysusceptibility to disease like Kushta (Chronic skin meteorological changes such as variation in thediseases), Arsha (Piles), Prameha (like diabetes atmospheric temperature like hot or cold,mellitus), and Kshaya (like tuberculosis). humidity or dryness, rain and wind, incidental change in season. These disease can be2) Janmbalpravrutta (Congenital disease): The classified under two subheadings as exhibitkind of disease included under this category either their natural or normal traits or abnormal,comprise of congenital type. They are attributed such normal or perverse traits the former isto errors in conduct of the mother during period responsible for the causation of disorder arisingof pregnancy. It includes various defects and out of the usual adaptive reaction of the body.maladies such as congenital blindness, deafness, They are known as avyaappannakruta (causeddumbness, nasal voice and dwarfism. This by abnormal seasons) and vyappnnakrutavariety admits of two types according as (caused in normal season) disease consequentcondition Rasakruta (Nutritional) and other due on inability of the body to adapt itself to suddento Dauhradya (full cravings of the mother during and abnormal climatic and seasonal variation.period of pregnancy). 6) Daivabalapravrutta (Supernatural disease):3) Doshabala pravrutta (Humeral disease): Supernatural are those which are caused byDisease belonging to this class is engendered by god’s wrath, curse of sages, Atharvan’s (magicthe action of anyone of the tridosha. The cause spell) and calamities; they also two type –of disorder is faulty diet and behavior or due to caused by lightning and thunderbolt and thoseup heaves of the two manasika dosha rajas and causes by evil spirit (demons); again these aretamas. The group of disease included under thisInternational Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 57Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)two type – contagious (or infectious) and Conclusionaccidental.7) Svabhavbala (Natural diseases): This type In Ayurveda, multiple approaches areincludes disease which arise due to natural considered for classification of disease.organic and functional changes in the body and According to purush purush veekshya nyaaya,mind such as due to senility, death, hunger, Vaidhya (doctor) have a full Liberty to go forthirst, sleep brought about in person who have newer and newer classification of disease,strictly adhere to or followed prescribed rules of provided different criteria for classification. Onhealth in the normal course of events due to the basis of classification, we can easily make aefflux of time. These conditions are known as differential diagnosis of disease and prognosis.kalakruta (timely). On the other handoccurrence of changes in body and mind Acknowledgementprematurely are classed under headingakalkruta (untimely). These occur largely due to Authors acknowledge the immense helpleading of unhealthy modes of life [2]. received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of thisAccording to ashtanga samgraha, there also manuscript. The authors are also grateful toseven fold classification given as sahaj, garbhaj, authors / editors /publishers of all those articles,kalaj, jataj, peedajanya, prabhavjanya, journals and books from where the literature forsvabhavjanya roga [12]. This classification is this article has been reviewed and discussed.same as the sushrutacharya’s seven foldclassification which is ReferencesSahaj – like Adibalapravrutta (Hereditary 1 Dwarkanath C. Introduction todisease)Garbhaj – like Janmabala pravrutta (Congenital Kaychikitsa. Varanasi Chaukhambadisease)Jaataj – like Doshabala pravrutta (Humeral Orientalia Prakashan, Varanasi,disease)Kalaj – like Kalbal pravrutta (Ecological disease) 1986, Chapter Vyadhi, p. 18, 20-40.Prabhavaj – like Daivabala pravrutta(Supernatural disease) 2 Priyavat Sharma. Sushruta Samhita.Svabhavaj – like Svabhavbala pravrutta (Naturaldiseases) Chaukhamba Vishvabharati OrientalPeedajnya - like Sanghatbala pravrutta(Traumatic disease). Publication, Varanasi, 1999.It is based on the karmaja of man which is done 3 K R Murty. Ashtang Hrudhyam Sarvaangby sharira and purvkarmaja (bad act of previouslife). Sunder commentary by Arundatta. Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2003. 4 RK Sharma, Bhagwan Dash. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha. Vol-2, Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 2005. 5 R K Sharma, Bhagwan Dash. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha. Vol-1, Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 2005.International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 58Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)6 Brahmanand Tripathi. Charaka Samhita Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi,of Agnivesha. Charaka-chandrika Hindi 2002.Commentary. Chaukhamba Surbharati 12 Atridev Gupta. Ashtanga Samgraha. Vol-Prakashan, Varanasi, 2006. 1, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2002.7 Ranade Paranjape. Vikruti Vidnyan. 13 Kaviraj Ambika Dutta Shastri. SushrutaAnmol Prakashan, Pune, 2006, Chapter samhita of Maharsi Susruta, AyurvedaVyadhi, Vargeekaran, p. 56-90. Tattva Sandipika. Chaukhambha Sanskrit8 Priyavrat sharama. Charaka Samhita of Pratishthan, Varanasi, 2003.Agnivesha Critical notes. Chaukhamba 14 Satyapal Bhishagacharya. Kashypaorientelia Varanasi, 2001. Samhita of Vrddha Jivaka Pandit Hemraj9 Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravi Sharma Vidhyotani Hindi commentary.Dutt Tripathi. Charak samhita of Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,Agnivesha. Vaidya manorama Hindi Varanasi, 1994, p. 45.commentary. Chaukhambha Sanskrit 15 Indu. Ashtang Samgraha of vahat orPratishthan, Varanasi, 2003. Vrudha Vagbhata shashilekha Sanskrit10 Pathak. Kaychikitsa Ramraksha. Part–1, commentary. Edited by ShivprasadChaukhamba Bharati Academy, Sharma. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series,Varanasi, 2002, p. 79-100. Varanasi, 2012.11 Kunjalal Bhishagratna. SushrutaSamhita. Edited by Jyotir Mitra. Vol-1, Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None declared.Table – 1: Classification of disease according to various Acharya.Acharya Charak Sushrut Ashtang Ashtaang Kashyapa Haarita Hrudya Samgrah 1 1One type 3Two type 11 1 3 1Three type 4 1 1 1Four type 2 1Six type 1Seven type 1 1 2International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 59Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

A review of classification of disease in Ayurveda ISSN: 2394-0026 (P)Table - 2: Charakacharya’s classification of disease. ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)Prognosis Sadhya (Curable) Asadhya (Incurable)Intensity Laghu (Mild)Location Manaski (Mental) Guru (Severe)Nature of causative factor Nija (Endogenous)Site of origin Origin from Amashaya Sharira (Physical) (Stomach)Vitiatation of Dosha Anubandh (Primary Disease) Agantuj (Exogenous)Sadhyaa (Curable Disease) Sukhasadhya (cured easily) Origin from PakvashayaAsadhyaa (Incurable Disease) Yaapya (palliable) (intenstine) Anubandhy (Secondary Disease) Kruchsadhya (cured with difficulty) Asadhya (absolute irreversible)Nature of Disease Guru (serious disease) Laghu (mild disease)Prominent Dosha Samanyaja (general type) Nanatmaja (specific type)International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, October, 2014. Page 60Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.