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From Head To ToeBY Shruthi Khanna

Once upon a time there was an alien named Adam wholived on Mars. One day a spaceship landed on Marswith two humans, Mike and Kevin. Adam and the otheraliens wanted to inspect these humans to make surethey would do no harm to the planet.



First Adam studied the most outer layer of Kevinsbody, the skin. Adam realized there was three mainlayers to the skin, the dermis epidermis and thehypodermis.Adam learned that the skin was part of theintegumentary system and the main job of this systemwas to make sure the body tries to maintain the sametemperature at all times. This was known asmaintaining homeostasis. When the room became toohot Kevin began to sweat and when the room was cold

Kevin was shivering. These were the ways the skinreacted to make sure the body had the sametemperature.While Adam was inspecting Kevin another alien wasdoing research about diseases of the integumentarysystem. Some diseases included skin cancer which theabnormal growth of skin cells causing tumors, andAlbinism which is the complete absence of color in the

skin. The doctors who take care of the skin areDermatologists and Cosmetologist.Albinism typesAfter the integumentary system adam became moreinterested and wanted to learn about themusculoskeletal system which involved bones andmuscles. This system was what allowed the humans tomove and to have a protection for the organs inside.

Doctors had medical names for common terms like boneand muscles. Adam and the other aliens learned thatthe major organs of the system are bones and all themuscles.

Some diseases of this system included Gout, which wasa pain and redness in the joint, and Tendinitis, which isinflammation of connective tissues. Doctors who takeof of the muscles and skeletal portion of the body arecalled Orthopedic surgeons on Rheumatologist.

Next the Aliens observed the Nervous system andspecial senses. They learned that in the nervoussystem the spinal cord and other sensory organs worktogether to send different types of signals to different

parts of the body. Along with that special senses arethe ones which allow us to hear smell and taste.Adam learned that some common diseases of thenervous system were epilepsy, a sudden a repetitivemovement. Another common disease was Alzheimer'sDisease which is where brain cells begin to die whichcauses people to have memory loss and lose body

movement. Neurologist and Anesthesiologists aredoctors who take care of the nervous system.Disorders of the sensory system included Cataracts,the lens of the eye becoming less transparent, andGlaucoma which is pain in the eye that could lead tobecoming blind. Optometrist and ophthalmologist aredoctors who are involved in taking care of specialsenses,

After this Kevin decided to teach Adam and the otherAliens about the Cardiovascular system. Kevinexplained the main function of this system was to sendblood to different parts of the body.The main organsof this system the heart, arteries, vessels, hemat/oKevin talked about how arteries carried the bloodaway from the heart to other parts of the body and

veins brought blood from the other parts of the bodyto the heart.Dangerous disorders of this system is high bloodpressure and cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest was theloss of the heart functioning and high blood pressurewas high pressure on blood vessels. Cardiologists tookcare of diseases and disorders involving the heart and

cardiovascular anesthesiologists are doctors who givemedicine during surgery.Next Adam explained the Respiratory system. The mainfunction of this system was for organs to worktogether to perform gas exchanges. Organs such as

the windpipe, lungs, and trachea work together for gasexchange.​ Gas exchange happens when we inhale airthrough the nose it go to the trachea and then viabronchus and bronchioles it ultimately go to the alveoliwhere exchange of different gas takes place​.Some diseases of the respiratory system includeasthma-breathing difficulty in the lungs andemphysema-damaging tissues in the lungs.Pulmonologists and Respiratory therapists are jobswhich involve dealing with the respiratory system.

Next Kevin explained the Urinary system, he explainedthat the main function of this system was to removewaste from the body.Organs involved in this systemare the kidney ureter bladder and and urethra. The

kidney filters the waste and then it goes into the ureterthen the urinary bladder and finally through the ureterand out the body.Some disorders of the urinary system involve Dysuriawhich is when it hurts to pee, and enuresis which iswhen you pee without knowing. Nephrologists andgynecologists are doctors who take care of the urinarysystem.

Next the digestive system, Kevin said this was hisfavorite system and began to explain that the mainfunction was to break down and digest food.

Doctors who take care of the digestive system areGastroenterology and ​Oncologist. Gastroenterologyinvolve mostly the stomach.

Diseases of the digestive system include dysphagiawhich is the difficulty swallowing and dyspepsia ishaving an upset stomach.dyspepsiaFinally kevin explained that the most importantfunction of the reproduction system is to make a newlife and the maturing of the body. Doctors involvingthis system are andrologist who deal with male

reproductive system and obstetricians taking care ofwomen before and after giving birth. Two diseases areInfertility- being incapable of reproduction and Ectopicpregnancy- A pregnancy outside of the womb.