Llanteg Down The Years Book

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS: A Memento of the Village in Words and Pictures Untitled-1 1 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

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LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS A memento of the village in words and pictures Compiled by: Ruth Roberts Edited by: Judith Lloyd LLANTEG LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY Sandy-Grove, Llanteg, Narberth, Pembrokeshire, SA67 8QG, U.K. Untitled-1 3 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

First published in Great Britain 2000 by LLANTEG LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY Sandy-Grove, Llanteg, Narberth, Pembrokeshire, SA67 8QG, U.K. Reprinted 2000, 2006 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN:0-9538142-0-3 © Llanteg Local History Society, 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitter, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the authors and publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. Produced by Manuscript ReSearch P.O. Box 33, Bicester, Oxon, OX26 4ZZ, England, U.K. Tel: 01869 323447 Fax: 01869 322552 Printed by MWL Print Group, S. Wales Untitled-1 4 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

PREFACE We would like to thank all members of our community, both past and present, who have helped us with their recollections, or in searching out old photographs. We wish to extend our thanks to Mr Roscoe Howells who gave us invaluable advice on self-publishing, to SPARC who provided us with a partial grant towards our publication costs and to Mr Geoff Scott for allowing us to use his sketches. Thanks also to Tony Brinsden and John Tunster for their proof reading, to Nikki Banner for compiling our questionnaire and to everyone who helped with fund-raising. This book has been a “labour of love” and such is the enthusiasm generated that we are already at work on our next one. Every effort has been made for accuracy but where personal reminiscences are concerned we have included them unaltered. If any errors or omissions are found we would be grateful for the information so that they can be amended in our next book. Untitled-1 5 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS FOREWORD Geography, we are told, is about maps, while history is about chaps. Well, it was both maps and chaps that made the little community of Llanteg what it is today. Geographically, the nucleus of the village lies in a narrow valley at the junction of a network of ancient byways - many of them now all but disappeared under the surrounding fields, leaving only a few meandering lanes and the long straight slash of the relatively new A477 trunk road as a reminder of their existence. Historically, the community has grown and dwindled and grown again over the centuries, depending upon the twin benefits of good health and plentiful employment, with the same handful of families forming the links of a chain stretching unbroken down the years to join the ‘good’ old days to the dawning new millennium. Once upon a time, before Llanteg became the GPO’s official name for the village, it was Crunwere (or Crunwear, depending on the vagaries of spelling). In 1670, in the reign of the ‘Merry Monarch’ Charles II, there were just thirty-four dwellings here; though the actual population was probably far greater, because in those days people were less choosy about sharing three or four families to a house. A little over a century and a half later, in 1834, when the new road was being built, the parish contained 274 inhabitants - many of them living in poverty, because we know that the average annual expenditure at that time for the maintenance of the poor of Crunwere was £58 6s 0d - this at a period when farm labourers in the area were earning no more £9 a year, and female servants as little as £3. As for schooling, there was no free education of any kind in the parish beyond the scripture lessons taught at Sunday School. Many parents sent their children to Tavernspite or Amroth (a long walk for little legs on a cold, dark winter’s morning). Indeed, a lot of the smaller farmers were illiterate, since only the wealthy ones could afford to give their families anything like a proper education. 6 Untitled-1 6 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS And yet we know that the community on the whole was law- abiding and respected by their neighbours: the Rev W.D.Phillips, a distinguished vicar of Crunwere in mid-Victorian days, reported that ‘generally speaking, the people are remarkable for their good character’. The past century has seen many changes in the community as it has expanded, with the old families welcoming incomers to share their village. Yet the changes are only on the surface. Underneath, the same sturdy spirit, bred of tradition and heritage, still quietly endures, and will surely do so long into the new millennium. In the spring of 1999 a small group of people came together to create the Llanteg Local History Society, with the intention of compiling a lasting memorial to the community - not only its history, but its customs, its way of life and its hopes for the future. This book is the result. May all those reading it enjoy it as a treasured little memento of Llanteg. Judith Lloyd Untitled-1 7 7 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS CONTENTS Part 1: Village Background and History 1. History of Village and House Names by Ruth Roberts and Judith Lloyd 2. Ancient Houses by Ruth Roberts 3. Field Names by Ruth Roberts 4. Named Features by Ruth Roberts 5. Local Dialect by Ruth Roberts 6. Size of Village by Ruth Roberts 7. Vanished and Lost Houses by Ruth Roberts 8. Old Llanteg Families by Ruth Roberts (Davies family by Tony Brinsden) 9. St Elidyr’s Church by Judith Lloyd Part 2: Nineteenth Century 1. Zoar Chapel by Ruth Roberts 2. Ben Price’s Recollections by Ruth Roberts 3. Nineteenth Century Schools by Ruth Roberts 4. Mountain Chapel by Ruth Roberts 5. Roads by Judith Lloyd 6. Ghost Stories by Ruth Roberts 7. Farming Methods by Ruth Roberts 8. Servants and Mobility by Ruth Roberts 9. Enclosures by Ruth Roberts 10. A Rural Tragedy by Judith Lloyd 11. Medical Provision by Ruth Roberts 12. Parish Relief by Ruth Roberts Part 3: Twentieth Century 1. Poem by Betty James 2. Diary Extracts of Alfred James by Mollie James 3. Water and Electricity by Ruth Roberts Untitled-1 8 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 8

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS 4. Village Activities in the 1920s by Ruth Roberts 5. School Life up to 1946 by Ruth Roberts 6. Extracts from Crunwere School Log Book, 1935-1946, by Ruth Roberts 7. Village Buses in the 1940s by Ruth Roberts and Dora Phillips 8. Early Shops and Post Offices by Ruth Roberts and Susan James 9. Village Changes over the Last Century by Tony Brinsden Part 4: Reminiscences Bibliography Untitled-1 9 9 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS MAP OF VILLAGE Untitled-1 10 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 10

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS PART 1: VILLAGE BACKGROUND AND HISTORY HISTORY OF VILLAGE AND HOUSE NAMES The stream which flows near the church and forms the boundary between Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire is shown on Professor Rees’s Map of South Wales in the Fourteenth Century as “Cronwern Brook”. Parish Boundary Stone at rear of Stanwell Photo: Tony Brinsden In connection with this stream, there is an interesting verse giving the names of the dwelling places on its banks:- Nanny the Bog and Cold well, Castle Ely house and Castle Ely mill; Garness house and Garness mill, Bowman’s Pit and Perlin Hill; Ledgerland and the Tucking mill, Cat’s Nest and Donkey Hill. 11 Untitled-1 11 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS (All the land from Garness House to Cat’s Nest is in the parish although some of these no longer exist). Near Ledgerland there was an old house called Smugglers Den. During the early years of the 19th century a man named Billy John lived there. He had a reputation for smuggling and made a kind of whisky which he disposed of to coastal vessels at Laugharne. Around 1830 there was at Ledgerland a Tucking Mill, a water mill used to make cloth. This was kept by Mr James Price, whose widow died aged 102. Garness Mill, a grist mill, is still standing. During the latter half of the 19th century this was in constant use, the farmers bringing their grain to be ground and taking the flour away. extract from THE PLACE NAMES OF PEMBROKESHIRE with additional material by Judith Lloyd CRUNWERE Lann Cronnguern 12th cent. Cronwer 1486-1539. Cronweare 1553. Cronwern 1586. Cromewere 1603. Cronware 1819. ‘Church by the round alder-swamp’ - W. llan, crwn, gwern. LLANTEG, LANTEAGUE Lanteg 1324. Nanteg 1329. Nautege 1526. Llanteague 1569. Lanteague 1634. Lanteg c1773. Probably from W. nant and teg - ‘fair/pleasant brook’. BARRIETS 1815; v. bariets. Possibly ‘barrier, (parish) boundary’ from OFr. barriette ‘boundary’. The house is now named Caldey View. BELLE VIEW, Belview 1838. ‘Beautiful view’ - F. belle vue. BEVLIN 1819. Bevlyn 1877. BLACKHEATH 1848. BLAEN HAFOD, Blane Havod 1686. Blanhavod 1793. Blaen-havod 1849. ‘First/foremost summer dwelling’ - W. blaen hafod. BROOMYLAKE, Broomlay alias Brimlake 1786. Bronlay alias Brimylake alias Anne Lloyds Tenement 1787. Brimmy Lake 1793. Broomylake 1911. This is either ‘broom(bush) lake’ or, more feasibly, ‘brimming lake’. CALDEY VIEW see BARRIETS CAPTAIN’S POND derives its name from Captain James Ackland (d. 1824), who gave the pond to the people of the parish. CROFTY, Crafty 1815. Probably originally Crafty Corner. CWMSHEAD 1911. ‘Head of the valley’ - W. pen y cwm. THE DEN, Den 1845. ‘Pasture’ - OE. denn. Untitled-1 12 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 12

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS THE DOWNS, The downs c1773. ‘Hills’ - OE. dun. FOLLY 1815. Folly field 1843. Folley 1897. ‘A wasteful or foolish enterprise’ - ME. folie. FURZY PARK 1793. Furzey Park 1813. GARNESS, the Gardenes 1712. Garnos c1773. Garnas 1813. Carness c1900. See following entry. GARNESS MILL, Gardeners Mill 1723. Garness Mill 1726. Carness Mill 1740. Garnas Mill 1813. The earliest forms suggest a personal name, Gardener. GREAT GRIGGS, the Griggs 1753. Probably the dialect ‘grig’, heather - W. grug. At one time the house was renamed Greenway, but has since reverted to its original name. GREENACRE 1869. Greenaker 1881. HORSEMANSTONE 1831. Perhaps referring to a mounting block or similar. THE LAURELS, Golden Lion Inn 1841. LEDGERLAND, Legerland 1712. Possibly a personal name, Le(d)ger. LLANTEG, EAST. It was originally called the White House, presumably because its walls were white-washed. LLANTEG, WEST. Together with East Llanteg (above) it gave its name to the old post office from which the parish of Crunwere derives its modern name. MIDDLETON 1841. ‘Middle farm’, probably from its position between Milton and Trenewydd. MILTON 1726. Mill Town 1789. ‘Mill farm’ - OE. myln tun. MILTON BACK, Milton backs 1773. ‘Behind Milton’. MOOR 1822. ‘Uninhabited wasteland’ - OE. mor. MOUNTAIN, Mountain House 1615. Mountain 1813; v. mountaine, ‘open hilly land in the locality’. The Mountain - also known as Lanteague Common - originally extended to about 186 acres and was enclosed in 1868. MOUNTAIN CORNER 1823. NORTON, the Norton 1726. ‘North farm’. OAKLANDS 1853. The Royal Oak 1841. Oakland 1847. OXFORD 1768. ‘Oxen ford’. PANTGLAS. W. ‘blue hollow’, referring to the valley of the stream here. On the 1841 Enclosure Map the place name is given as Gutterlas - ‘blue gully’. 13 Untitled-1 13 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS PERLIN HILL, Purlue Hill 1723. Henllan Porlin 1768. Perlin Hill 1726. Now lost, this was a homestead north of Garness. RHYD GOCH, Place y Redd Goz 1569. Rhydgoch 1852. Rydegogh 1911. ‘Red ford’ - W. rhyd coch. Either a reference to reddish soil, or some discoloration of the water. RIGMANS HILL, Rigman Hill 1793. Rigmans Hill 1843. A personal name. RUELWALL, Ruelwalls 1814. Rewel Wall 1818. Rural Wall 1925. ‘Circular track or path’ - F. ruelle. SANDY GROVE 1863. Ye Grove Park 1726. STANWELL. Originally Little Griggs, it was renamed Stanwell Villa early this century - possibly so called after one of the several wells nearby, ‘the stone/stony well’. THREE WELLS 1789. Descriptive of a feature in the vicinity. TRENEWYDD, Trenewyth 1568. Trenewith 1602. Trenenewydd 1723. ‘New farm’ - W. tref newydd. ANCIENT HOUSES Lanteague has been mentioned from 1324 but it is not clear if it is the village that is being referred to or a house of the same name. The oldest existing property in the parish appears to be Trenewydd Farm, referred to as far back as 1568, followed by Mountain dating from 1615 and Blaenhafod from 1686. Many properties can be traced back to the 18th century and may indeed be older:- Milton, Ledgerland, Garness, Garness Mill, Three Wells, Oxford, Milton Back, Broomy/Brimy Lake, the Downs, Furzy Park, the Griggs. The following houses have early origins but now no longer exist:- Bowmans Pit (1723), Crunwere Water (1602), Frogsford House (1726), Frogshole (1793), Goytree Lake (1712), Mountain Hayes (1793), New Inn (1712), North Mountain (1686), Norton (1726), Old Fulling Mill (1712), Parkenhead (1789), Penhavooke (1603), Plas Battayer Fynnon (1708), Purlin Hill (1726), Rhydgoch (1569), Rigmanhill (1793) and Stony Well Park (1712). Two properties are mentioned in Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire for the parish of Crunwere:- Untitled-1 14 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 14

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Llanteg/Lanteague Two substantial houses, one the seat of the Davies family, the other of the Hensleighs. There are few early references but in the years 1611-17 a farmer called Morris lived at one. The Davies family were a branch of a family from Newton, Laugharne. Thomas Davies, the first to settle in Llanteg, was assessed at three hearths in 1670 (‘Hearth-Money’, introduced in 1662, was a tax levied on hearths in all houses paying church and poor rates). A Henry Davies was living at the “White House” in 1671 and Chancey Davies was “of White House in Llanteague in Crunwear” in 1708. The coat of arms was: Argent three bulls’ heads caboshed sable, horned or. The family had left Llanteg by the mid 18th century. The Hensleighs came from Somerset, and in 1670 were assessed at two hearths. The last of this line died at Carmarthen in 1769. Trenewydd Reginald Howell bought Trenewydd in 1686, and it was inherited by his eldest son John. John became a bankrupt, and by 1772 was living in Haverfordwest. By 1786 the Revd. John Phillips was the owner, but 60 years later Robert Morgan is described as “of Trenewyd”. His relation, Francis Elizabeth Morgan, was born in 1843 and died in Brighton in 1927 - she was the first woman in Wales to become a doctor. FIELD NAMES. Some interesting field names from the 1842 tithe map:- Church Park, Church Meadow, Smiths Croft, Millers Park, Burning Walls, Tanpits, Shoulder of Mutton, Mill Park, Kiln Park, Winnowing Bank and King’s Piece. King’s Piece is the name of two fields, doubtless formally joined, one being part of the ancient glebe, and both may have been monastic land which fell into the hands of the Crown at the Dissolution of the Monasteries. NAMED FEATURES IN CRUNWERE. Captain’s Pond Named after Captain Ackland of Amroth Castle who gave the pond to the inhabitants of Crunwere. Lower Road The road from Llanteg crossroads to Stanwell corner that passes the old 15 Untitled-1 15 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS school and the Captain’s Pond. Stoney Road The road from Lanteague (Mountain) Chapel to the Captain’s Pond. Grassy Lane The lane which travels east towards Rose Cottage from part-way down the road from the Captain’s Pond to Ledgerland. Allen’s Lane The road south from the old school to Rose Cottage. Roman Road The old road from mountain park in Trenewydd lane which travels eastwards and comes out behind the village hall, afterwards crossing the A477 before doing a loop and crossing back at the corner of the garage to go northeast towards the church and onwards past Oxford to the parish boundary. It has been called the “Roman Road” for many years but no historical basis has been found for the name although there are the remains of a Roman villa south of nearby Trelissy farm. Llanteg Crossroads The crossroads near Llanteg garage where the old Toll House once stood. Crosslands Road The road south of Crunwere House (once the Rectory) heading westwards towards Ludchurch. The New Road The main A477 turnpike road - although completed in the 1830s it was still referred to as the “new” road in the 1960s by older inhabitants. The Lime Road The road west from Tavernspite towards Ludchurch used for access to the quarries. Peggy Rogers Corner This is a well known feature at the very boundary of the parish on the Tavernspite road between Furzy Park and Brownslade. Known to everyone as “Peggy Rogers Corner”, there was once a building nearby (1842 tithe map). Mr. Bob Davies has done extensive research but has been unable to find the name of the cottage or evidence of any Rogers living in Crunwere. It seems likely that this name is of very long standing because Mr Davies did find a family of Rogers in the bordering village of Tavernspite, which indicates that there have been people of that name in the area. The corner is reputedly haunted. Untitled-1 16 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 16

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Peggy Rogers Corner Photo: Ruth Roberts Pencilvania Corner The sharp bend just west of the parish boundary near Castle Ely. The origins of the name are unknown but possibly come from the fact that children used material from there to make their slate pencils in the mid 19th century. Claypits A small field adjacent to the A477 road east of Lanteague Chapel where clay was dug to mix with coal dust to bank up the fires for the night. Claypits Corner The corner of the claypits which has since been removed during road improvements. Folly Crossroads The crossroads at the junction near Folly house. Rectory Hill The road heading north from Llanteg crossroads towards Tavernspite which passes the old Rectory house at the top of the hill. Norton Shute An area of land to the SW of the present garage which is so called because two properties called “Norton” once stood there. 17 Untitled-1 17 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS LOCAL DIALECT After a large part of Flanders was deluged by the sea, many Flemings had arrived in south Pembrokeshire by 1111. Today English is universally spoken in south Pembrokeshire but many words used are of Flemish origin - Caffle - a tangle Couple - several Burgage - a small field near the house Clom - a mix of clay and straw for building Hum - a musty smell Kift - awkward Miskin - manure heap Moil - to grub like a pig Plank - griddle for baking Skit - splash Stum - bank up the fire Tidy - good, first rate Date SIZE OF THE VILLAGE 1563 Households 1670 1801 25 Return of Bishop of St. Davids 1841 34 Hearth Tax 1851 44 Census 1881 69 Census (plus vacant/building prop.) 1891 70 Census (plus vacant/building prop.) 53 Census (plus vacant/building prop.) 49 Census (plus vacant/building prop.) VANISHED AND LOST HOUSES Vanished houses - locations unknown. Frolic - 1845 Bishops Transcripts (Frolick), found on 1841 & 1851 censuses. House That Jack Built - found on the 1841 census. Pont-Y-Ddwy-Sire - found on the 1841 census. Ffynnondevoly - found on the 1841 census. New House - found on the 1841 census. Roads Grove - found on the 1841 census. Poor House - first found on the 1841 census - two properties are shown 18 Untitled-1 18 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS on the 1841 and 1851 censuses. Den - found on the 1841 census and up until the 1881 census, occupied by a family of Wilkins who were masons. Vicarage - One house shown on the 1841 census plus one being built in 1891. One property is shown as unoccupied. Lost houses - possible locations Bowmans Pit - according to Place Names of Pembrokeshire it can be traced back to 1813. It is not on the 1841 census but is found on the 1851 census occupied by John James, an 80 year old pauper/broommaker and his wife aged 70. The house is believed to have been near Garness. Frogsford - dates from 1726 (Frogsford House Place Names of Pembrokeshire). Frogs Hole owned by Lord Milford in 1787 (Tax List). Shown on the 1851 and 1891 censuses. Frogs Valley - name from 1845 Bishops Transcripts (Place Names of Pembrokeshire). Shown on the 1851 and 1881 censuses. The house “Frogsford” is believed to have been near the parish border on the old road past the church towards Castle Ely. Greenacre - according to Place Names of Pembrokeshire the name is first found in the 1869 Bishops Transcripts, but a cottage is shown on the 1842 tithe map so possibly it originally had another name. In the 1881 census the property is shown as “Greenaker”. The property was occupied during the first part of this century but became ruinous during the Second World War when it was burnt by soldiers. Some remains of the house can still be seen between Zoar Chapel and Stanwell hidden among undergrowth on the opposite side of the road. The Norton - the name can be traced back to 1726 but is not found on the 1787 Land Tax List. In 1841 there were two properties called Norton, both occupied by Daltons. In 1851 only one house is shown - Little Norton - still occupied by William Dalton. In 1881 two houses are again shown, one occupied by William Dalton and the other by a 61 year old shopwoman. In 1891 only the one house is shown, consisting of two rooms occupied by Mary Griffiths, pauper. The houses were in a field southwest of the present garage near Llanteg Cross. Little Bounty - found on the 1841 census. Untitled-1 19 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 19

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Could have been situated approximately halfway along the Crosslands road between the old Rectory and Trenewydd top lane. There is land here called “Bountyland” on which there were the remains of ruins, while in a corner of the lower field north of Crofty was what appeared to be a garden. Access could easily have been gained from the old road that ran behind Crofty and came out by the quarry at Trenewydd. Mountain Corner - the name is found in the 1823 Bishops Transcripts. The house is mentioned in the 1841 and 1851 censuses but in the 1881 census two dwellings are shown, one occupied by a 78 year old farm labourer and his wife, the other by a 35 year old widow, Margaret John, and her two children. It probably gets its name from the fact that it was on the north-east corner of Llanteg mountain before it was enclosed - it was slightly west of the Milton settlement. Purlin Hill - the name is traced back to 1723 “Purlue Hill”. In the 1787 Land Tax List it was owned by Lord Milford and occupied by John William. In the 1841 census two dwellings are shown, one unoccupied and the other the home of George Childs aged 70 and four others. In 1851 there are still two properties, one remaining empty and the other the home of Thomas Morris aged 31 with his wife and son. It was a homestead north of Garness. Rigman Hill - the name dates from 1793 (Place Names of Pembrokeshire). The property is mentioned throughout the 19th century censuses. In 1891 it is shown to have four rooms and was occupied by Walter Williams, a 25 year old farmer. The farm was north-west of Crunwere farm. Rhydgoch - the name “Place Y Redd Goz” can be traced back to 1569 - “Red Ford” (Place Names of Pembrokeshire). It is not shown on the 1787 Land Tax List. On the 1841 and 1851 censuses it is the home of Thomas Thomas and family - he was a stonemason and farmer of eight acres. It is the dwelling shown on the 1842 tithe map as being on the right of the road just north past the Rectory before the turning to Broomy Lake. Clyne Bush/Bush - shown in the 1841 and 1851 censuses and also the 1844 Bishops Transcripts. It was occupied by a family called Waters. The site is believed to be north of the Crosslands road north-west of Broomy Lake. Clumps - shown on the 1841 and 1851 censuses occupied by Martha Thomas and family. 20 Untitled-1 20 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Believed to have been north of the Crosslands road where quite a few dwellings are shown on the 1842 tithe map. Bottom - shown on the 1841 census. Possibly situated north west of Crunwere farm and Rigman Hill on the parish boundary. Toll Gate - not shown on the 1841 census. Occupied by William Oriel in 1851 - he was the toll collector and schoolmaster and was still there as toll collector in 1871. The property was unoccupied in 1881. Situated at Llanteg Cross. Trenewydd Lodge - occupied by the Griffiths family (tailors) from at least the mid-1830s. In 1871 the Lodge was empty but another family were living there in 1878. No later residents are known and now all traces of the property have gone. The Lodge was in a field and reached by a lane running west across Sandy Grove front garden . Zoar Cottage - occupied in the 1881 and 1891 censuses and consisting of two rooms. Built onto Zoar Chapel. OLD LLANTEG FAMILIES Allen The Allen family were blacksmiths. William Allen (Billy) and his wife were both born in Amroth parish in 1785. Billy worked and lived at Milton and was followed in his trade by his son William who was born c1826. William married Francis Smith (Fanny) at Crunwere in December 1848. By 1881 the family had moved to Rose Cottage, their son John (born 1862) carrying on the job of blacksmith. John Allen went on to wed Janet Elizabeth Davies on 20 October 1896, thus marrying into another well-established Llanteg family from Broomy Lake. There were also many Allens in the Amroth parish who were blacksmiths:- Benjamin Allen - Bramble Bush/Upper Mead Benjamin Allen - New Inn Henry Allen - Trumans Park Humphrey Allen - Upper Mead Davies The Davies family are one of the oldest families in the village. Untitled-1 21 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 21

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS James Davies was born in Ludchurch in 1795. He married Jennet John of Amroth and they were to become the parents of seven children. At some time during their marriage they moved to Broomy Lake in Crunwere. They later moved to Furzy Park, a matter of yards, and it was here that John Davies was born on 15th September 1832. John Davies commenced his schooling at Furzy Park where two families sent their children to be educated by Betty Lewis. A few years later a Mr Edwards arrived in the parish from the Llanboidy area. Mr Edwards opened a school in a room which was also used for religious services adjacent to where Lanteague Chapel (known locally as Mountain Chapel) now stands. It is said that up to fifty children attended here with the highest attendance being fifty-four. John went into the service of the Vicar of Crunwere at the age of nine and worked at Crunwere Rectory as a general messenger and handyman. Also employed there was Ann Richards from Cyffig parish, her home being at Lan, Cyffig. John and Ann were later to marry. On getting married, or shortly after, they moved to Greenacre, a small holding which they farmed. John also became proficient at curing cattle and other animal ailments and became regarded locally as a vet. In 1868 John became the assistant overseer of the parish of Crunwere, a position he held until his death. His duties necessitated periodical visits to the Court at Narberth and he never, throughout this long period, missed one of these Courts. At the age of 93 John spoke to a local newspaper and recalled his early years. Some of his memories included the first Mail Coach to pass along the main road. He also remembered in 1854 the first “iron horse” train coming to Whitland - which at that time was no more than a few houses and a pub. John died at the age of 94 in 1926. He, his wife Ann, son Lewis, son William and daughter-in- law Anne are interred in Crunwere Churchyard in one family grave. John and Ann had nine children. The eldest, James, was born in 1854 and became the tenant at Amroth Mill, becoming known locally as “Jim the Mill”. He died in 1925 having fathered twelve children. One of his sons, John Howell Davies, a carpenter, became the tenant of Garness Mill. His daughter, Melfa, lived there until 1998. In 1856 a second son, John, was born. He eventually settled at the Norton, Amroth, and died in 1934 having four children. A daughter, Catherine, was born in 1858. She married James Morris. They had no children and she died in 1936. 22 Untitled-1 22 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Robert Davies was born in 1861. He emigrated to America and married in Nebraska in 1895. He too died in 1936. He had one son, Paul Lewis Davies, who settled in San Jose, California. His children still live in that area. Another son, William Henry, was born in 1862. He remained at the family home, Greenacre, although he occasionally travelled away to follow his work as a coachman. This was mainly in the Neath and Rhondda Valley area when he was employed by the Gwyn family who were mine owners. Known as “Will Greenacre”, he had three children, Robert, Alice and Laura, all of whom are still living. Robert lives in Whitland, Alice in Kilgetty and Laura in Pembroke Dock. Alice’s son Tony lives in Crunwere. William Henry died in 1946. In 1865 a daughter, Elizabeth, was born. She married Benjamin Morris and lived at Furzy Park. They had six children, only Annie, the eldest, having children of her own. One of her children, Noel, still lives in the village. Elizabeth died in 1949. In 1868 a son Lewis was born. He died aged five years. In 1871 Arthur Thomas Davies was born. He emigrated to Nebraska, U.S.A, where he said the soil was “as deep as a walking stick was long”. He later became a Minister of Religion and had three sons. In 1872 the last child, Talbot, was born. He later emigrated to America, married and had two children, Alice and Raymond. Alice still lives in Tacoma, Washington. Morris One family that has long been connected with the village is Morris. The 1670 Hearth Tax spells the name Morice, and shows the following residing in the parish:- Hugh Morice Erasmus Morice Hugh Morice - pauper William Morice - pauper In 1787 William Morris resided at Milton. Throughout the 19th century there were Morris families in the village. In 1891 a James Morris was living at Furzy Park and a Richard Morris at Lanteague. Both were farmers. Oriels In 1787 the Oriels owned Garness Rockes. In 1841 Garness Mill was owned by Benjamin Oriel, miller, and there was a family of 23 Untitled-1 23 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Oriels at Milton Back. By 1851 William Oriel (aged 24) was living at Llanteg Toll Gate and was the toll collector and also schoolmaster. At the same date there was still a family of Oriels living at Garness Mill and Milton Back and also Garness and the Moors. By 1881 and 1891 there was only one family of Oriels in the parish living at Garness. Benjamin Oriel and his wife Anne who had been living at Garness in 1851 had by 1891 retired to Laugharne - her parish of birth. Phillips David Evans (b 1796) lived at Ruelwall, Trelissy and Great Trelissy. David did most of the haulage for free when Zoar Chapel was being built and is also buried there. David’s daughter Sarah (b 1818), married Joseph Phillips, a weaver, who lived at Long Lane, Milton Back, and by 1881 was at Middleton with his wife, his son Joseph and grandson Thomas. Thomas became a stonemason and agricultural labourer and married Catherine Mary Davies of Blackheath (she was from the Davies family of Broomylake). Thomas’s son, Thomas Davies Phillips (b 1899) married Mary Jane Lawrence (from another established local family). For many years T. D. Phillips’s sister Mildred played the organ at Crunwere Church, where the family worshipped and were buried. Relatives of Thomas and Jane lived at Middleton until 1991, and his granddaughter is still resident at Sandy Grove. ST ELIDYR’S CHURCH St. Elidyr’s Church Photo: Susan James 24 Untitled-1 24 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Authority Pembrokeshire Grade II Community Amroth Date listed 01/09/1997 Locality Crunwere Date amended 30/06/1998 Grid ref 21830 21073 Record no 18858 Location In an isolated position reached by a farm lane and a field track half km NE of Llanteg. The church stands in a roughly rectangular graveyard, only the E half of which is ancient, defined by hedges and stone walls. The ground falls steeply to the E. History St Elidyr’s was originally part of the possessions of Pembroke Priory. The church was later granted by the Crown to the Abbey of St Albans, but was in Crown possession again by 1594. The names of Rectors are recorded from the year 1344. Any original village in the vicinity of the church has completely disappeared. Fifty pounds was spent on an attempt to repair the church in 1814. The church was felt to be too low and it was probably at this time that the floor was excavated to beneath ground level to increase the apparent height, resulting in problems of cold, damp and decay. The Rev W.D.Phillips was inducted in 1839 and the next year he resolved to rebuild all except the tower and parts of the walls, at an estimate of £230 (only the vaulted tower with a NE stair turret, a blocked west doorway and the North Transept of this 13th century church have survived unrebuilt). The ICBS granted £35 in 1846 and subsequently £10 more. The work cost £241. There is no mention of any architect’s fee, but the name Thomas Jones appears in the application. The church was reopened in late 1847. The 1851 Religious Survey shows that the service was alternatively morning and evening, the congregation in the summer months being larger. The evening service was recorded as having 150 parishioners in attendance out of a population of 289. Sir S. Glynne, visiting in 1869, remarked that the church was entered by the W end through the tower. He considered that medieval masonry had been retained in the N side. He remarked on a pointed arch in the N wall of the chancel and that the windows were of two lights with no tracery. The church was again restored in 1878 by T.David of Laugharne. The original S door was re-opened, so the porch was then added. The 25 Untitled-1 25 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS pews were changed to bench seats and four additional windows were inserted. The vestry was probably added at this time. Exterior Wrought-iron double gates with a cobbled path lead to the porch. There is a stile in the wall adjacent to the gate. The ruin of a small stone building stands at the NW of the church, and there is a well in the field to the N. A tower of moderate height and local type with its stairs turret at the NE corner, with a nave of low height, chancel, N and S transepts, and later S porch and N vestry. Tower and much of the fabric of the church are medieval though of uncertain date. The parts added or greatly restored in the C19 are in a sandstone rubble masonry, with rusticated limestone quoins on the S side of the church only. Slate roofs with coped gables. A cross- finial over the porch only. Lancet windows, singly or in plate form, with no embellishment. A slate monument on the E wall of the S transept to John Howell, d. 1727, a non-juring minister ejected from his living at New Radnor in 1691. The pointed open arch of the porch has a curiously rustic decoration of flowerhead motifs impressed in render. The tower is of local sandstone of varied type in large courses. The tower and its stairs turrets both have crenellated parapets on corbels. Slit lights to the stairs. String course at a low level. Single bell-chamber openings with louvres on each face. Interior A short chancel about 4 m by 6 m, a nave about 12 m by 7 m, with vestry, transepts and porch. There is one step up at the chancel arch and one at the sanctuary. The chancel ceiling is of timber boarding in vault form. The altar has a low wide reredos, returning a short distance at N and S, installed in 1934. E window with three lights and three roundels with stained glass in poor condition. Two plain windows in the S wall. Chancel arch with a single chamfer, in which a modern rood has been installed. There are similar arches to the transepts. The nave roof is of low pitch on collar-beam trusses, with intersecting trusses at the crossing. The remainder of the nave roof is of three bays and each transept roof is of two bays. Octagonal pulpit at the S side. Post-war stained glass in two nave windows, including a representation of Broomylake farm. The tower base has a stone floor and a stone-vaulted ceiling. Untitled-1 26 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 26

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Listed Listed as a small rural church retaining significant medieval elements including the tower. Reference ICBS File 2646, Lambeth Palace Library Sir S. Glynne in Arch. Cambr. V v (1888) p.134, ‘Cronwrw’ Hist. Soc. West Wales Trans.I (1911) p.286-7 RCAHM Inventory (1925), p.85 Dyfed Archaeological Trust S&M PRN 3803 Untitled-1 27 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 27

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Part 2 - 19TH CENTURY From 1801 to 1900 the following took place at Crunwere Church:- Baptisms - 629 Marriages - 156 Burials - 361 ZOAR CHAPEL Since their institution in 1854 both Saunderfoot and Zoar have shared the same ministers. Baptists began to worship in this neighbourhood in a grain loft at Long Lane farm, occupied by Tom Phillips. A chapel was then built on a large plot of land given free by two brothers, William and John Thomas, of the Griggs, a small farm close to where Zoar stands. The land formed part of the field called Long Park and the conveyance also gave the right to construct a Baptistry in Well Park and conduct water from the well. These brothers were turners and coopers by trade and faithful members of the Baptist church at Glanrhyd, Narberth. In addition to the land they bequested £2 per annum to the little cause. One of the founders was John Morgan, who built a two-roomed cottage at the side of the Chapel in a lean-to fashion at a cost of £20, to be used as a caretaker’s house. The Chapel cost only about £60 to build, and David Evans of Trelissy, a prominent member and deacon did most, if not all, of the haulage for free. John Phillips the Corner was an outstanding member - he would have his children test him on the Bible, which he knew from cover to cover. Lectures were being held there in the 1880s. For one lecture in July 1886 the cost of printing tickets was four shillings, with ten shillings being paid to the lecturer. The seats form a rising gallery with space underneath. At one time there was a little doorway from this space to the kitchen of the caretaker’s cottage. The original object was to provide space for coal and 28 Untitled-1 28 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Interior of Zoar Chapel Photo: Tony Brinsden Zoar Chapel and Cottage Photo: Tony Brinsden Untitled-1 29 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 29

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS firewood, but the late John Davies of Greenacre related that one old woman living there kept chickens in this space but because the cockerels competed with the singers above, the opening was closed. The Davies family of Milton in the early part of this century presented the Chapel at Zoar with a set of individual Communion Cups. The chapel is now closed. BEN PRICE’S RECOLLECTIONS On the 11th February 1926 the Narberth Weekly News re- ported the death of Mr. Ben T. Price, the eldest Deacon of the Castle St. Welsh Baptist Church, London. He had been a member for over 40 years. For many years he was a well known builder in London. A self- educated man, he was exceptionally well informed, and was a friend of the eminent politician David Lloyd George, who regularly inquired into his health during his last illness. Ben Price (as he was always known) was 73 years old when he died. He had been born near Tavernspite at Penrheol and possessed a vast fund of memories of the district. He had contributed a large number of articles to the Narberth Weekly News. 19TH CENTURY SCHOOLS From the Abstract of Education Returns 1833:- “one Daily school, wherein from 50-60 children of both sexes are instructed at the expense of their parents. One Sunday school, consist- ing of 40 males and females is supported by voluntary contributions. Both schools commenced in 1823”. In 1846 there is a Report of an Assistant Inspector in which he states:- “there is no gratuitous education of any kind on week days in the parish. Many parents send their children to the schools of Tavernspite and Amroth. Generally speaking the people are remarkable for their good character. The wealthier class of farmers only are well educated, the smaller farmers are very illiterate and cannot afford to give their children any education”. During the middle of the 19th century a school was also held in an old meeting house at Craftie (modern Crofty). Later there was a school for young children kept by the man in charge of the Toll Gate, which used to be in existence at Llanteg Cross. 30 Untitled-1 30 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS It was called “Billy the Gate’s school” and it was a building 12ft by 12ft, which served as a dwelling house, toll house and cobbler’s shop, in addition to being the school. The children sat on backless forms, and had no desks; all the modern school equipment was missing and the only playground the children had was the turnpike road. About twenty children attended this school, and each child paid one penny a week, besides providing a spelling book, slate and pencil. The Public Elementary School was erected in 1876 with the help of a £30 grant from central Church funds, and was to accommodate 50 children. It opened on 13th February 1877 with 15 pupils. In its first years a few children were registered at only three years of age but this declined after around 1910 when most pupils would be five years old. Mrs Purser of Llanteglos presented children of the day school with New Year presents - in 1897 this was brand new 6d and 3d pieces which were given on 4th January. In April 1897 the Diocesan Inspectors reported “the Religious Instruction in the school is in excellent order. The children did well throughout, shewing (sic) careful preparation. The discipline and tone are excellent. The repetition work was exceptionally well done by both groups”. However a slightly different impression is given by Her Majesty’s Inspectors who also visited that year: “Instruction and discipline of the school are well maintained on the whole, but Reading and Recitation were again lacking in expression”. MOUNTAIN CHAPEL Untitled-1 Mountain Chapel 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM Photo: Tony Brinsden 31 31

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS In 1825 a local mission was held in the loft of a house near Lanteague Cross and a small number worshipped there. A former chapel, a short distance from the present building, was built by the parishioners for a school. It seated forty people and members paid a yearly rent. Ben Price estimates its size as being approximately 20-24ft long, 12-14ft wide and 8-10ft high at the eaves. Mr Price recalls that it had a slated roof and a chimney at the eastern end which made it resemble “a cow with one horn”. It only had an earthen floor and no ceiling apart from the rafters and slates, and also had no plaster on the walls. An enclosure of 4-5ft at the western end was formed by a partition with a door. This was the “Big Seat” within which the pulpit and the communion table were placed - this area had a boarded floor. A day school was started here but according to Ben Price only lasted a short while before failing. In 1854 a Congregational church was formed and the first communion was held. In course of time the old chapel became dilapidated and a new and larger building became necessary. The present chapel, which has seating for 150, was erected in 1889 on a plot of land given free by Sir Owen Scourfield. The vestry, a much needed building, was built later and was paid for by Mrs Davies (widow of the late Rev. W. Davies, Oaklands). They were pillars of the church in Lanteague and all five of the family are buried in the graveyard. Messrs W. Phillips and Tom Phillips Long Lane, William Callan Goitre and David Williams Trenewydd were also staunch supporters of the cause. The centenary anniversary services in 1925 were occasions marking the installation of the new organ of solid black oak and there were a large number of worshippers in attendance. Tea was provided in the vestry and at 5.30pm an open-air meeting was held at the ruins of the old chapel. The people returning from the old ruins were unable to enter the new chapel for the evening service as it was found already to be full, so it was decided to have the meeting out of doors. Unfortunately this chapel has also now closed, the final service being held in December 1999. The loss of both chapels in the parish during the last decade is of great sadness to those at Crunwere Church, Untitled-1 32 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 32

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS especially Rev. Nicholas Cale and the churchwardens Mrs Mollie James and Mr John Tunster. ROADS The original old road ran through Red Roses as far as Castellheli Mill (now Castle Ely) then turned north and continued up past Crunwere Church. Sometime during the 1820s it was proposed to resurrect an earlier plan to build a turnpike road ‘to improve communications between St Clears and the county of Pembroke’. Thomas Telford, the foremost civil engineer of his day, was to be responsible for both this road and another, running north from Tenby. The following extracts are taken from a large bundle of letters in the Records Office, Haverfordwest, pertaining to these two roads: Draft petition to Parliament referring to the extension of the road from Crunwear to Pembroke Dock. Undated but apparently 1827** ....the making and maintaining of a turnpike road to commence at a rivulet or stream of water in the parish of Crunwear in the county of Pembrokeshire which divides the said county of Pembrokeshire from the county of Carmarthenshire, near to a mill called Castellheli Mill in the said county of Carmarthenshire, and from thence through the several parishes and hamlets following, that is to say, the said parish of Crunwear, the parish of Amroth, the parish of St Issells, the parish of Begelly, the hamlet of Williamston, the hamlet of Redbert (sic), the parish of Carew, the parish of Nash, the parish of Cosheston and the parish of St Mary Pembroke, and to terminate at two several points on places called Pembroke Dock and Hobbspoint on the shores of Milford Haven in the said parish of St Mary Pembroke. **A letter of 20 December 1827 to Henry Rees, solicitor and registrar practising in Haverfordwest and representing the Turnpike Trustees, speaks of ‘Telford’s new line of road to Hobbs’ point (sic) being contemplated.’ There are a number of letters to Mr Rees dated late January and February 1828, assenting or dissenting to the new road. Only one appears to be from a Crunwear resident, and that was the Rev. Thomas Dalton, incumbent of the parish church (21 Jan 1828): ‘Sir, in reply to your letter respecting the new line of road passing through my glebe lands - I have only to inform you that it is immaterial to me wheather (sic) it do or do not - but I should wish to give my consent if it were for the good of the Publick. 33 Untitled-1 33 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS I am, sir, your most obedient and able servant...’ The owners of land in Crunwere sold for the creation of the new road carrying mailcoaches between Carmarthen and Hobbspoint, c.1828, were: Rev. James Dalton, Crunwear (sic: misread for Thomas) David Saer, Gellihalog Richard Morgan, Trenewydd Martha Davies, Mountain Grig James Lewis, Trenewydd Benjamin Morris, Llanteg Hannah MacIntyre, Crunwear July 1828 Estimate of the proposed new line of road from or near Castellheli Mill (situate in the confines of the county of Carmarthen) to Hobbs Point on the shores of Milford Haven, in the county of Pembroke. Fencing both sides of the road, 28600 yards @ 8d per yard £953. 6. 8 Cutting and forming (?) 28600 yards @ 1/- per yard £1430. 0. 0 Breaking, carriage and spreading stones, 28600 yards @ 6/- per yard £8580. 0. 0 Masonry for the whole line, cutting, embanking, etc £2610. 0. 0 Widening and stoneing (sic) the old road from Carew cross-roads to Crafty Corner, 1 3/4 mile £308. 0. 0 £13881. 6. 8 Extra work for the whole line £1000. 0. 0 Supposed value of land, say 16 miles on 96 acres @ £25 per acre £2400. 0.0 £17281. 6. 8 Dated 21 January 1832 is an application by the Trustees to the Exchequer Bill loan office in London to borrow £1,000 to complete the new road; and a detailed letter to Lord Cawdor from one of his land agents, dated 10 February 1832, keeps him up to date with work still in progress. There were two inns in Crunwere: the Golden Lion (now the Laurels) and the Royal Oak (now Oaklands). In 1841 Jane Griffiths was publican of the Royal Oak, and Allan Palmer publican of the Golden Lion. The tollgate was situated at Llanteg Cross, manned around the middle of last century by a person called Billy the Gate - William Oriel - who also ran a little school at the spot. 34 Untitled-1 34 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Milestone—Old TurnpikeRoad, Oaklands Photo: Judith Lloyd The milestones, marking the distance to Hobb’s Point (sic) in the west and Carmarthen in the east, are marked at their foot by the manufacturer, Moss & Sons 1838. An obituary notice in the Narberth Weekly News of September 24, 1925, reporting the death of Mr John Davies of Greenacre, recalls how “a group of early capitalists made a venture to run a coach service over the new road, and Mr Davies remembers the mail coach rumbling along, carrying Her Majesty’s mails. A number of parishioners who had been to a prayer meeting one evening waited two hours to see the first coach of this service. Our worthy friend was amongst that interesting group, who no doubt thought that the passing coach was the last word in speed and efficiency. The horses were changed at Red Roses, and further on at Begelly, about seven miles distant.” The following is an excerpt taken from an article by Ben Price in the Narberth Weekly News of 1924, remembering local life some 60 years earlier: “The South Wales Railway, west of Carmarthen, had not long been opened, and I have a dim recollection of the mail coaches running over the new road past the Roses, and through Lanteague etc., to, probably, Hobbs’ Point. What I do remember in connection with them was my Untitled-1 35 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 35

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS astonishment at seeing my father’s wonderful cleverness in jumping on to the step of the coach whilst it was going, and my brother’s description of the speed with which the hedges swept past the coach windows when he and mother were inside passengers on their way to and from Carmarthen. “How the traffic passing along that road in those days comes back to me! For, beside the local traffic, there was much belonging to the outer world, a world of which we had but the faintest and vaguest ideas. There would be a fair sprinkling of carriages, some of them very smart, some less, too. Occasionally a long procession of substantial caravans conveying the full equipment of a circus, a menagerie, or other show from town to town, and at another time a shabby caravan or two drawn by miserable looking horses and accompanied by a string of donkeys loaded with the sprawling camping equipment of a company of gipsies, whose women would be pushing their tin or other ware at every house within reach, and whose children would be begging food at every door. “There would also be a good number of travellers on foot, mostly in singles or in pairs. We used to divide them into three different classes, ‘beggars’, ‘strags’, and ‘Irish’. The first, I think, were considered more or less honest, and existed mostly on the charity of the people, but when tempted or desperate their honesty could not be relied upon; the second class was a thoroughly bad lot, consisting of men who, in our own opinion, would stick at nothing. We had a wholesome dread of this class, and would avoid them all we could. The ‘Irishmen’ we did not fear, as although they were evidently very poor, we had an instinctive trust in their general honesty and harmlessness; although we did not know then, as most of us know since, that these were people who were endeavouring to escape from the then extreme poverty of Ireland who had managed somehow to be conveyed across the Channel to Milford and who were tramping their way under great hardships towards the prosperous ‘works’ of Glamorganshire. “Many a time have I and my brothers met some of the men falling under these three classes in lonely parts of the road, and we would be extremely thankful after passing them without molestation; but it is only right to say that I never heard of any act of serious theft or any attempt at molestation or intimidation by these people in those parts, which proves that our fears arose more from our timidity than from any known facts. How far these conditions obtain today I am not able to say. I would be surprised to know that there are many Irish travellers of this class using Untitled-1 36 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 36

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS that road now. The condition of things in Ireland has, since then, undergone a very great change. “After passing over the bridge crossing the brook dividing the counties of Carmarthen and Pembroke, the road enters a cutting made through a soft crumbling rock, where we used to find some bits of stone with which we could write on our slates without scratching them, and this cutting became known amongst us under the name of ‘Pencilvania’; and just beyond that there was a turn in the road with a number of trees on the right-hand side. Now it is a curious thing, that whenever I have since read of highwaymen in the old days lying in ambush waiting for the approach of the stage coach, it is invariably at this spot I place them. I always unconsciously picture them under these trees with the coach bowling along down this lovely and lonely piece of road, and it is at this bend that the coach or whatever else it might be is called upon to stand. “I often wonder whether everybody has similar favourite spots which come back vividly to the mind, and give the imaginary scene described to them a local and substantial existence...” In the early 1980s the new A477 road was constructed, following the route of the old road - though in a straighter line - as far as Pen-y-Bont beyond the parish boundary. Ben Price knew several men who had worked on the construction of the new turnpike road from Llanteg to Stepaside, among them his maternal grandfather and his sons Henry, Tom and Ben, who had built many of the bridges, culverts, walls, toll houses etc. He remembered William Dalton (son of the former Rector), who had the task of looking after the road to Tavernspite, having a very small quantity of stones at his disposal, but that he used none where the road had worn down most. He simply hacked away at the projecting portions of rock and used the debris to fill the hollows. This is a process that has been going on for centuries and Mr John Davies of Greenacre, who has known this road intimately for at least 85 years, cannot say that there is any appreciable difference in the depth of the road now from what it was when he was a boy. In 1927 the Rural District Council stated that the surveyor estimated that the corner of Lanteague cross-roads could be improved at a cost of £24. A letter of complaint was sent to the Narberth Weekly News in Untitled-1 37 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 37

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS 1924 regarding the state of Lanteague Hill (Whitland/Amroth road):- The “visitor” was travelling down the hill on his push-bike when he met a van; there were heaps of thorns and rubbish in the gutter, with “great stones sticking up”. He states that he had a lucky escape and that if he had been further up the hill “there is a deep well without any protection whatever, not even a door”. He further states that the hill is terrible, with loose stones on the foundation and heaps of mud and bushes and thorns on both sides of the road, on which there is a large amount of motor traffic. And he wishes to know “what the little pillars built there” are for? Mr Ben Price remembered at least three gates (toll) from the Parsonage to Tavernspite and that “Peggy Rogers” children who lived near one picked up many coppers by rushing to open the gate whenever they heard a vehicle coming. The road ran from north to south, but by the Parsonage another road crossed east to west terminating at the edge of the field in which the church stands. Mr Price thinks that in former times this road continued past the church and joined the old road leading to Frogsford, Castle Ely and Pendine. “There is something fascinating in tracing old ways, especially if you can picture in your mind pilgrims of the different periods that have passed, trudging along them, and if amongst the visionary company you can recognise the features of some of your ancestors, the fascination is intensified. You try to realise the different emotions of the various groups as they pass, and you know that some are merry and some are sad; some go lightly along, and some are heavy laden, some rejoicing and some sorrowing, for such is the fluctuating condition of man now, and so it has been from the beginning.” How long has the road from Lanteague to Tavernspite been a public highway? “Hundreds, aye, probably thousands of years, seeing that it is worn down till the surface of the road in places is 8-10ft below the surface of the fields on either side of it”. GHOST STORIES Tales of “Corpse Candles” and of ghosts and funeral processions are plentiful. Tom Price of Milton was especially gifted in that way. Robert Evans of Honeypot Hill and Billy Griffiths the tailor (Trenewydd Lodge and Sandy Grove) both on separate occasions saw and heard the ghost of Untitled-1 38 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 38

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS a railway train pass across Lanteague and Marros “Muntan”. The actual course of the ghost railway had been definitely settled more “than three score years ago”. Ben Price was in the midst of some men one evening on the road near Lanteague Gate (Old Toll Gate). Talking on different things, Jemmy the Downs, a good story-teller, was telling of a similar group gathered almost on the same spot prior to the new road being built. Jemmy’s story was full of details but Ben could only remember the basic outline. These men had seen a coach drawn by four horses that had no collars, and that it passed on through the field (as it then was) and disappeared into an old quarry about two hundred yards away. When the new road was made (about ninety years ago) it had crossed the corner of the quarry and one of the early vehicles that came along was a coach with straps to the horses’ shoulders instead of collars. FARMING METHODS From the 1842 Tithe Schedule:- “The said parish of Crunwear contains by estimate 1442 acres of land...and is now cultivated as follows:- arable land 540 acres meadow/pasture 750 acres common/waste land 84 acres glebe belonging to rector 68 acres” East Llanteg Family Group at turn of the century: Back Row, L. to R: Joe Phillips (Crafty), Will Cole or George Scourfield?, Anna Maria Glanville, Winnie Glanville, Unknown, James Cox Slader Glanville, Aggie Callen. Front Row, L. to R: William Leslie Glanville, Reggie Glanville, Hugh Glanville, York Glanville, Martha Phillips (Crofty). Photo: Margaret Hooper 39 Untitled-1 39 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Trenewydd Harvest When Ben Price was about 11 years old he had worked for two seasons on the corn harvests at Trenewydd, sleeping with the boys in the loft over the stable. Here he had become aware that some of his fellow servants would often be absent from their common bedroom for some time during the night and he would hear whispering at the foot of their “staircase”, and so came to the conclusion that some courting was going on. Ben remembers that the chamber was oddly furnished with bedsteads consisting of “broken down tumbrels of ancient carts” but that they slept as soundly and comfortably “as kings”. Ben believes that he spent between four to six weeks at Trenewydd each harvest time and that he would carry water, “glasder” (a mixture of milk and water) and sometimes home-brewed small beer to the men and women working in the fields. He also helped with the “carrying in” of the sheaves to form the mows and would run errands and perform other small duties within his capabilities. Ben recalls that there were as many as thirty workers, male and female, in one field in those days when all the operations were performed by hand. The men would cut the corn with scythes and the women and girls would bind it into sheaves - the neighbours’ wives (including Ben’s mother) would help with this. A number of females were left at the house to prepare food. All would return to the house for the midday meal - no time was fixed but was often guessed at by the position of the sun or the sound of a train passing Whitland. Tea would be brought to the field. A fine supper of broth, meat and vegetables would be served in the large kitchen when work was over. The dinner service consisted of wooden bowls, trenchers and spoons (which were called “lootches”). The men would often use their pocket-knives at the table. Ben states that these suppers where food was wholesome and plentiful were “the greatest of feasts”. When the first field had been gathered and built into mows Ben’s work changed. The geese and pigs were turned out into the stubble to pick up the fallen grain and he had to see that they stayed away from the mows. However the old sow could be very artful and this meant endless running for Ben. At the close of day when he had to bring his charges back to the farmyard he would have no trouble with the geese but the pigs would be “here and there and everywhere” but where he wanted them to go. Untitled-1 40 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 40

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Trenewydd is a large farm and was provided with a large well- built house and extensive farm buildings. There is also a limestone quarry which Ben thought must have been worked for centuries judging by the size of the hole in the ground. Ben guessed it to be one hundred yards long from east to west by fifty yards in width, and there were two lime kilns in operation every season. He believes one was in the charge of Harry Lewis of Milton and the other worked by Robert Evans of Honey- Pot Hill. Many times Ben had watched them fill the kilns with stones and a sprinkling of culm or sat in their little shelter on the corner of the kiln top whilst they ate their food, flavoured by the fumes of coal and stone. There was also an old horse which was used to draw the stones from the quarry to the top of the kilns in a very dilapidated cart. Ben also recalls many times standing on the eastern end of the quarry looking at the men, among whom were Tom “Blackheath” and Johnny the Welshman “jumping (making) holes for shots in the limestone rock at the western end”. SERVANTS AND MOBILITY Servants In 1851 there were 27 persons classed as servants on the census. The youngest was a 10 year old, Mary Griffiths, who was a nursemaid at Lanteague (her family lived at Lanteague Cottage). There was a 13 year old errand boy at Trenewydd farm who slept in the stable loft, 14 year old Elizabeth Phillips who was a housemaid and nurse at Brimmy Lake, and 13 year old Richard Griffiths at Garness Mill. Also of interest is 40 year old Thomas Mends who was a servant but was also classed as a pauper and partially insane, who lived in the cowshed loft at Crunwere - he was born in the parish. From furthest away was Marian Evans aged 19 who worked at the Rectory as a house servant and came from London. In 1881 there were seventeen persons classed as servants. The youngest was now 15 and the eldest 71 - a dairymaid and domestic servant at Stanwell Villa, Elizabeth Davies. By 1891 the number of servants had dropped to thirteen. The youngest were 14 year old Anne Rees, a domestic servant at Milton, and 15 year old Elizabeth James, a domestic servant at Ivy Cottage. Untitled-1 41 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 41

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Population Movement In 1851 the population of Crunwere parish was predominantly from Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. There was only one person from Cardiganshire and three others from further afield:- a lodger at Brimmy Lake - from Scotland a servant at the Rectory - from London a lodger at the Golden Lion - a clockmaker from Baden, Germany. By 1881 there had been a slight change. More people now came from the Glamorgan area and also the following from more distant areas:- a daughter at Oaklands - born in the East Indies a granddaughter at the Rectory - from Liverpool a grocer at the Schoolhouse - from Gosport a schoolmistress at the Schoolhouse - from Chelsea two children at the Schoolhouse - from Middlesex one child at the Schoolhouse - from Somerset a servant at Rose Cottage - from London a retired surgeon and his wife at Lanteague House - from Stockport a farmer at Stanwell - from Scotland a peddler at Crafty - from Ireland In 1891 there was still some people from Glamorgan in the parish, one from Montgomery, and six from England :- a grandson at Oaklands - from Surrey a nephew at Heatherlands - from Madras a schoolmaster at the Schoolhouse - from Winchester a grandson at Rose Cottage - from Gravesend, Kent a grandson at Heatherlands - from Staffordshire a grandson at Lanteague - from Maiden Head CRUNWERE ENCLOSURES The greater part of the former common land (186 acres) is now enclosed following an award in 1868. William Goode of St. Clears, the original valuer, died and was replaced by Lewis Wilson of Langdon in Begelly. The principal allottees were the owners of over 10% of the land in the parish - they were Thorne Lewis (who acquired 50 acres), Revd J. H. A. Phillips (40 acres), the Trustees of the Picton Estate (33 acres) and John H. Scourfield (26 acres). Untitled-1 42 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 42

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS The following were also set out and appointed:- a) 1 public road, 30ft wide - to be known as Crafty road (now the Stoney road). b) 1 public road, 30ft wide - to be known as Milton Lane road (from the pond south and then east to near Rose Cottage). c) 1 public road, 30ft wide to be called Trelissy road. d) 1 public road 12ft wide extending through allotments to terminate at Milton Lane road (south from the school to join the Milton Lane road west of Rose Cottage). e) 1 private carriageway 16ft wide to Ledgerland. f) 1 public footway 3ft wide to terminate at the well which is to be open to the public (near Cwmshead). g) a public pond or watering place containing 15 perches and situated on the corner. The pond should from time to time be properly cleaned and repaired by the owners of “Lanteague mountain” - at this time Picton Estate (now called the Captain’s Pond). h) awarded to the Surveyors of the Highways of parish of Crunwere and their successors for ever all that piece of land containing 2 roods and direct that it be used as a public quarry for supplying stone and gravel for the repairs of roads and ways within the parish (field immediately east of Mountain Chapel to the south of the A477). i) awarded to the Churchwardens and overseers of the poor of the parish of Crunwere all that piece of land containing 2 roods to be held for the supply of clay for the poor or other inhabitants of the parish (field to the east of above and south of what was known as Claypits Corner). j) awarded to the Churchwardens and overseers of the poor 1 acre of land as a place for exercise and recreation for the inhabitants of said parish and the neighbourhood (area south of school which has now been converted into a park). k) awarded to the Churchwardens and overseers 1 rood as a site for a school and school premises to be used as and for a school for the education of children and adults or children only of the labouring, managerial and other poorer classes in the parish of Crunwere and for no other purpose (area to the north of above recreation area and where the school was subsequently built). An old inhabitant remembers the common being enclosed. The first house to be built on the Common was ‘York’ for Billy Oriel, who Untitled-1 43 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 43

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS kept the toll gate at Llanteg. “I was present on the night it was declared open and fit for habitation. The next houses that followed were on the opposite side (this part of the mountain was among the first enclosures). In that day it was known to us as the ‘lawyers piece’. It was a sight to see the large numbers of horses and donkeys on this common.” Letter by ‘The Welshman’ from a 1930s newspaper. At a Parish Meeting in 1901 it was decided to fill up the holes on the plot of parish property entitled the Claypits. As the parishioners alone had the privilege of digging clay, it was their duty to warn all trespassers of their liability to be prosecuted. A RURAL TRAGEDY In the year 1902 a family named Davies were living at Oaklands. The head of the family was a Mr William Davies, who combined his duties as Congregational minister at Lanteague Chapel with farming the 50-odd acres behind Oaklands. The Census of 1891 shows that he was originally from Llanboidy, and that he had previously been living at Lawrenny, where his three surviving children were all born. On the evening of May 20th, 1902, the family’s servant girl was sent to bring in the cows for milking. Shortly afterwards she came running back from the field in a state of fright to report that the bull had ‘turned nasty’; and since she refused to go back again, the minister set off to fetch in the cows himself. What happened next was reported by a neighbour - coincidentally also named William Davies. This Mr Davies, of Blackheath, was on his way home from working in the quarry at Gellyhalog. With his dog, Toss, he was taking a short-cut across the field where the cattle were, when he witnessed the minister being attacked and savagely gored by the bull. As he ran to help, the animal turned its attentions upon him; and but for his dog, which began worrying the bull, this other Mr Davies might well have met the same horrible end as his unfortunate namesake. It was later thought that the bull had been unsettled by the echoes of voices. That part of the field lies in a pronounced hollow, and it is a proven fact that some animals are irritated by reverberating sounds. Whatever the cause of the tragedy, both bull and minister ultimately suffered the same fate since the bull was afterwards taken away and destroyed. Mr Davies lies in the Congregational burial ground together with Untitled-1 44 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 44

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS other members of his family. The tombstone - a granite obelisk - describes him as having served as a minister in Pembrokeshire for over forty years and gives his dates as 20 September 1828 to 20 May 1902, so he was in his seventy- fourth year when he was killed. Misfortune seems to have dogged the Davies family, because all three of the minister’s children met with untimely deaths. The only son, William Benjamin, died a year after his father, in 1903, aged thirty-six. The elder daughter, Anne, had passed away in 1894, aged twenty-nine; and the younger daughter, Sarah Jane, had already preceded her, dying in 1892 aged exactly twenty-two years and one day. Mrs Sarah Davies, the minister’s wife, was the last member of this tragic family to remain alive, outliving her husband and children by just a short time until her own death - perhaps of a broken heart - in 1904. MEDICAL PROVISION There was an almost entire lack of medical attention in the village. Ben Price remembers that the only medical man he had seen in the parish was Dr. Bush, the Medical Officer of Narberth Union - he had been on horseback interviewing his patient outside a cottage. Many people died then without medical attendance. If the ailing person were able to go to Narberth he or she might consult a doctor or (which he thinks was oftener done) get a bottle of medicine from Mr. Nash the chemist. If the patient were too ill, someone went to Narberth and described the patient’s symptoms as best he could, and brought the remedies back. Often the sufferer had to be content with home-made remedies supplied under the direction of old matrons, most notable of whom in Mr. Price’s youth being “Mollie the Barriets”. In those days there was a very skilful doctor at Conwil in whom the people had great faith. Often in serious cases a good walker, like Lewis of Bevlin, would walk there and back (18 miles each way) in a day, taking a “sample” bottle with him for the doctor to diagnose and returning with advice and remedies. PARISH RELIEF Ben Price remembers that the average parish allowance in the 1860s was around 2s 6d or 3s a week. He recalls two old women who lived at Cwmshead - Pal and Peggy. Pal was a spinster, thin and bent forward, and Untitled-1 45 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 45

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS whenever out she would always carry a deep wicker basket with a flap over the top with two handles. Pal could not go out without her “satchel” but instead of filling it with a purse, scent etc. she kept the space for pats of butter, pieces of cheese, bacon or bread, or anything else the farmers’ wives could find to give her and which she was always ready to receive thankfully. Peggy was a widow with at least one son who worked “up in the hills”. The life of these poor lone women, like that of many more in those times, was hard and their cupboards were often bare. There was also Bet Morgan who then lived in the old house at “Rural Wall”. Her husband had been accidentally killed at Trenewydd quarry some time before and poor Bet was constantly bemoaning his fate and her loss. Her two sons died young, Edwin first and Tom shortly afterwards. Tom was about the same age as Ben Price and a playmate, and Ben can recall a prayer meeting in the living room in which were two beds with Tom restlessly tossing upon one of them “in the throes of a fatal and consuming fever”. Ben was no more than nine years old but he vividly remembers the scene. How Bet and her family managed to exist at all was a mystery to Ben. The whole family have long since died out. There are now no young and tender children who are compelled to begin work without receiving the very rudiments of elementary education as often happened in those days. Indeed the fortunate in the district could only secure a very imperfect training in the 3 “R”s; anything more was beyond their conception and absolutely beyond their reach. Untitled-1 46 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 46

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS PART 3 - 20TH CENTURY POEM COMPOSED BY JOHN ALLEN WHILST DIGGING GRAVES The angel of Death has hovered Around our cottage door And taken our darling boy to rest In peace on that Heavenly shore. One link in the chain has been severed One soul has been lulled to sleep In the strong loving arms of his Saviour Oh why should the loved ones weep? His face will be missed from the circle Of brothers and sisters so dear But their hearts will go forth to the dear little chap When united together in prayer. His voice will be missed in the home And at Church in his place in the choir But still we rejoice to know that the Lord Has whispered these words “Come up higher”. The mother’s heart yearns for her boy As only a mother can tell May the Lord give her peace, grant her strength To reply to the Lord “It is well”. ALFRED JAMES, BROOMY LAKE - DIARY EXTRACTS 3 January 1900 - John Jenkyns (aged 56) found drowned in the Captain’s Pond. Inquest for the 5th. I was the last to see him alive. Verdict - found drowned. 20 May 1902 - Mr Davies, Oakland, killed by the bull. Untitled-1 47 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 47

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS 24 January 1903 - Home and Bonville’s Court with the pony for load of culm. 1 February 1903 - bricked Mrs Purser’s grave at Amroth. 17 April 1903 - bought two pigs at 18/- each. St Clears for bricks and flags for Mrs Oriel’s grave. Paid Uncle John (Greenacre) for attending to cows. 2 March 1904 - Pembs. C. C. Election. Hauling in voters to the poll at Longstone all day. 16 July 1904 - St Clears with deserter from the Shropshire Regiment. April 1905 - Vestry meeting at Crunwere School considering whether advisable to unite with Amroth and Longstone to get a Parish Nurse. 17 July 1905 - daily delivery of letters commenced. 12 March 1906 - round the parish with a petition for the parents of children and rate payers to sign - to try to keep the Religious Instruction in the Day School ( two refused to sign). 20 July 1907 - commenced work on Amroth New Inn Bridge. Paid five pounds by Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire County Councils to overlook the job. 25 October 1907 - presentation to Mr and Mrs Garner. Marble timepiece and bronzes. Taking furniture from the Rectory to Angle for Mr Garner, van left Crunwere at 5.30 and gained Angle at 10.30. 10 April 1908 - Bevlin to meet Mr John Watts, looking over old walls of chapel wanting price for putting same into a cottage. 30 May 1908 - meeting at Crunwere School to arrange Parish Outing to Black Rocks. 13 June 1908 - bought 35 pounds of beef. Paid for same - they to do the pickling. Ordered hams to the value of 15-17 shillings at the Laurels. 56lb of currant cake, 25lb seed cake, 20 loaves of white bread, 4 brown loaves, 5lbs tea, sugar and mustard. 23 June 1908 - Black Rock Parish Party from Crunwere. Weather dry. Near 200 took tea. Actual cost of the food:- beef £1 4s, ham 10s, 75lbs of cake £1 17 6, cheese ?, tea 5s 6d, sugar 3s 11d, mustard 6d, 4 galls. lemonade 1s 6d, 11lbs butter ? and 1yd of calico for teabags. (Event funded by money raised by Minstrel Concerts and Social). 12 September 1908 - fixed iron door on the well on Llanteg hill. 23 September 1908 - drew up specifications for the buildings at the Barriets, Ruel Wall, Belle Vue, Middleton and Blackheath. 6 December 1910 - Mrs Dunbar new head for Crunwere School. 48 Untitled-1 48 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS 25 December 1910 - post delivery. Christmas card from Mr Parry Williams, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia. 9 June 1911 - Pendine. Day School and Choir outing given by the Rector. 67 travelled there in three gambos and two traps. 12 June 1912 - in London at a demonstration protesting against Bill in Parliament for the Disestablishment and Disendowment of the Church in Wales. 5 August 1912 - fixed letter box at Llanteg Post Office. 4 July 1914 - Sweet Well. Put new steps on the Llanteglos side of the hedge and completed the path. 7 August 1914 - Whitland with pony. The Royal Artillery men demanded her from me and sent her to Port Talbot for the German War. Paid 32 (in money), bought a roan mare for 31, three years old, she took the cart home. 10 August 1914 - Territorials passed Blackheath whilst we were working there, on their way from Tenby to Carmarthen and on to Hereford. 13 October 1914 - moved the letter box from Llanteg to the Laurels. 16 June 1916 - bought paint and nails for Middleton. November 1916 - meeting at Crunwere School to arrange about sending Christmas boxes to the boys at the front. WATER AND ELECTRICITY Mr Bob Davies (previously of Greenacre) recalls the following wells:- 1. Half way up the Rectory Hill on the right hand side - the door was still in place until the summer of 1999. 2. A well some way down on the Great Griggs property. When wells were turned over to the local authority they were required to insert stiles and maintain a footpath to it. Mr Davies recalls that no one else apart from the farmer used this well. 3. Greenacre had its own well (as did Middleton at one time). The village was often short of water before piped water arrived. “The Sweet Well” Near the south side of Lanteague “Muntan” nearly opposite Cwmshead was a clear spring of water. It was about a quarter of a mile away from Mr. Price’s home (Greenacre) and it was from there that they fetched nearly all of their drinking water. There was a path practically directly from the corner of his garden to the well - he remembers carrying jugs of water from there “many a hundred times”. Untitled-1 49 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM 49

LLANTEG DOWN THE YEARS Trenewydd now uses its own water supply but previously had also been short of water. Electricity arrived in the village in 1952. Before this some farms used their own generators. VILLAGE ACTIVITIES IN THE 1920s (Extracts taken from the Narberth Weekly News) 1924, January - Crunwere’s reputation for good cheer and good company was well upheld on Friday last on the occasion of the yearly social tea. ......the real secret lies in the hearty co-operation of all towards ensuring that everything passes without the slightest hitch .......almost by magic tea tables resolved themselves into seats and platforms......... musical evening followed. 1924, February - The Annual Grand Concert at Zoar. The building was filled to overflowing, numbers failing to gain admittance. The concert party was conveyed from Whitland free by James Davies, Lampeter, and Mr Rees, Barclays Bank, in their motor cars. The party at the close (of the concert) repaired to the Longlanes nearby where, through the kindness of Mr & Mrs Williams, refreshments were partaken before the journey home. 1924 - At the beginning of July the parishioners had their annual outing to Amroth. This event is one which is eagerly looked forward to by everybody, both young and old and this year it was unusually well enjoyed. The weather was beautiful and the arrangements were all that could be desired. Miss Williams, Llanteglos, had been indefatigable in seeing that everything was in readiness, and soon after midday the usual energetic band of lady helpers were seen on the Black Rocks, which made excellent tables, busily engaged in cutting up beautiful beef sandwiches and cakes etc. The gentlemen worked hard at preparing the fire and boiling the water to make the welcome cup of tea, and when all was in readiness a large party sat down to a most appetising feast, and it was the general opinion that never was there nicer sandwiches, tea and cake. When full justice had been done to these good things, games were indulged in on the sands until tea- time. Again all sat down with good appetites to partake of an excellent tea. Afterwards the Rector, the Rev. R. Jackett, said how glad he was to see such a large and happy party, and remarked that the success of the gathering was due to the unanimous and ready help of all the parishioners. Everyone had worked and done something to make the outing a success. 50 Untitled-1 50 8/8/2009, 11:10 AM