Final Project

IDEOLOGY MAGAZINE Written by: Landon K and Mali B

Collectivism An Ideology that considers the needs of the group to further the common good, rather than focussing on the needs of the groups individual members. Emphasizes the idea that individuals should not live their lives in isolation, but rather depend on one another. Central values include: Public property, collective responsibility, collective interest, adherence to collective norms, cooperation and economic equality.

Communism Communism, is an ideology on the left side of the spectrum. Values cooperation and equality. Communism has strong beliefs in collectivism(interest of the group/state) and the need for a classless society. Communism forbids entrepreneurship. Communism believes in shared/collectively owned property, goods, and resources for all people. This economic and political ideology values collectivism over regular individualistic behaviours. Communism emphasizes the collective to be more important than the individual. Communism came from ideas presented to deal with the failings of capitalism.

Marxism Stalinism Marxism is the basis of Stalinism was a birthed idea from Communism. Marxism emphasises the Communism/Marxism. Stalinism was importance of having a classless society. created by Joseph Stalin and had shared Marx believed a classless society would values with Marxism such as the belief in start with a violent revolution of the the equality of men and women and working class(proletariat) against rich emphasis on the collective. However the middle class(bourgeoisie).Karl Marx’s big difference between the two came in ideas and communism came about from the form of opinions on government. Stalin reactions from the failings of capitalism, believed in a totalitarian government and and what he, and other against capitalism, the control of the country rather than a believed needed to be changed. government-free country. Stalin was one of the most well-known dictators. Stalin Karl Marx, used secret policemen, public showcases, German Philosopher and various other propaganda tactics. Joseph Stalin, USSR Dictator

Cuba: Cuba is one of the only communist Communism countries in the world at the moment. Its Today leader, Miguel Diaz-Canel, just recently, 2018, gained power from the Castros. Fortunately there are many benefits for people to living in Cuba such as good healthcare, education, and the little crime happening. On the opposite side of things, half of the population is living on $1 a day, public transit is not pleasant, and lots of restrictions on Freedom of Speech. Cuba shows the problem with communism and collectivism as stated in the quote “Collectivism and Freedom are mortal enemies. Only one can survive.” -G Edward Griffin. The circumstances of having the ability to share everything comes with the cost of individual freedoms.

Socialism: An Economic System marked by a high degree of government Socialism symbol intervention in the economy. Stresses the need for economic equality and cooperation for the good of all citizens. Shares the belief of collectivist values. Developed in Europe in the 19th century due to the declining social and economic conditions of the working class during the industrial revolution. Utopian Socialism: Belief in progressive evolutionary change to reach equality in life, as equality is perceived to be perfection. Inspired by Robert Owen who believed in giving workers better treatment and better lives such as: better living conditions, wadges, education and healthcare. He believed in return for this better treatment the workers would work harder creating better products and profits. This belief and actions came from unhappiness with how the working class was being treated during times when classical liberalism thrived. Robert Owen

Democratic Socialism: Decomocratic socialism is the most common form of socialism in today's world. As it is democratic it believes in voting for a sociaist economic system, which will provide equality for all. Began in the 1800’s by socialists were not as radical as Marx and Owen. Believes in a peaceful transition to socialism, rather than violent revolutionary change. Provides people with economic equality, rights and freedoms while still having some government control to enforce equal treatment, public owned key industries and to create social programs. Some countries today that have embraced democratic socialism included Norway, Sweden and Germany. Germany's co-leaders of the Social Democratic Party

Liberalism A political ideology that stresses progressive change and advocates for the rights and equality of individuals in society. Values equality and liberty. Came about during the enlightenment when people began to oppose the old regime and conservatism. Modern Liberalism: Developed over time to address the concerns with the inequality created by Laissez-faire capitalists. Interested in creating equality of opportunity for all individuals. Modern liberalists value freedoms and civil rights for the individual, with more individuals in society receiving rights then with classical liberalism. Believes the government should intervene to ensure that most vulnerable people are cared for. Canada is an example of a country that has adopted and continued to use modern liberalism today. Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister Of Canada/leader of Liberal party

Mixed Economy: A mixed economy is an economic system used in the moderate/liberal part of the spectrum. A mixed economy a mix of ideas from a market economy and a centrally planned economy. Mixed economies provide for people sp their people basic needs are met and creates a social safety net for the people/economy. Mixed economies are known for the use of proggressive and flat tax, subsidies, and some centralization. Overall mixed economies are controlled by a mix of business and the government and are usually fairly stable. Canada for example is a mixed economy, as it has a balance of business and government involved in driving and keeping the economy stable.

Individualism On the right side of the political spectrum. An ideology that emphasizes initiative and freedom for personal gain and benefit. Individuals are expected to take responsibility for themselves and pursue their own self-interests. Key values of an individualist include Private Property, Rule of Law, Individual Rights and Freedoms, Competition, Economic Freedom and Self-interest. This ideology is vital to the capitalist economic and democratic political systems.

Conservatism An ideology which strives to uphold tradition, law and order and authority. The status quo is valued as well as resisting major changes unless they are gradual over a number of years. Conservatism has evolved and made a comeback in the 1930s. Some Americans began to gel it together when they were opposing liberalism in the New Deal led by President Franklin D. The resurgence of conservatism was started when the conservatives wanted to re-orientate the denomination away from liberal trajectories. Edmund Burke, an Irish economist and philosopher, stated that conservatism was an “approach to human affairs which mistrusts both a priori reasoning and revolution, preferring to put its trust in experience and in the gradual improvement of tried and tested arrangements.” Edmund Burke was known as the founder of conservatism.

Capitalism/classical Liberalism An ideology and economic system, concerned with granting and protecting economic freedoms to business owners in a market economy. Maximum rights and freedoms are granted for curtain individuals, mainly business owners. Government rule, Regulations and social programs are kept to a minimum, as every person is expected to act on their own behalf. Reinforces strong individualist beliefs. Adam Smith's Written works, “ The Wealth of Nations “ had a large impact on European countries, encouraging them to reject mercantilism and accept classical liberalism/capitalism. Smith believed that allowing the people to run the market and not the government would allow people more self-interest, competition, better quality and variety of products, freedom for business owners and protection of private property and other rights. “ It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest “ - Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations(1776)

Fascism Fascism is a political ideology on the right side of the spectrum. Fascism emphasizes discipline, nationalism, militarism, and racism. In fascist states the dictator and the ruling elite monopolize political power through the party. Fascist governments use secret police, propaganda, censorship, and indoctrination to keep political power and rule over the state. Fascism appeals to the people who believe in solidarity, authority, law and order, and racial purity. Fascism emerged when individuals with opposing ideologies to liberalism began to reject it. Those opposed did not like the problems Liberalism created within various states and for various people. Society began to transform from liberal ideologies to new ones. Fascism was a Reactionary change in society and came about first in Europe in the 1900’s. Fascists symbol used in Italy

Facism In The Past One of the most well-known fascist countries was Germany in the mid 1930s through the mid 1940s. The dictator, Adolf Hitler, is one of the most well-known dictators in history. Hitler rose to power when Germany was rejecting and questioning Liberal and Communist ideas. These rejections were caused by widespread poverty and hyperinflation post WWII. The Germans were scared of a communist revolution and were looking for other ideologies. Also the Weimar Republic became very unpopular because of the devalue of the currency and high unemployment. They had different beliefs then the other two ideologies. The belief system Germany thought they needed was national unity and strong leadership, both which were brought with Hitler’s Nazi Party. Hitler used various tactics such as propaganda, indoctrination, and racial purity to promote national unity. He also promoted strong leadership with his ruling elites alongside him and his overwhelming military power. It is said that Hitler’s speeches were one of the most moving talks of all time.

Fascism Today One area where Fascism exists in the world today is in North Korea’s fascist regime. Leader Kim Jong Un uses dictator tactics to stay in and increase power, such as threat of force/fear, indoctrination, propaganda, controlled participation and scapegoating.

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