49 Title: Implementation of Swanson's Caring Theory in the Nursing Care Process in Children with Cancer Those Who Have Problems the Risk of Spreading Infection Authors: 1Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa, 2Priska Emiliana Authors’ Affiliation: 1Faculty of Nursing Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, 2Pondok Indah Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Chemotherapy is one of the cancer treatments that has an immunosuppressant side effect that suppresses the body's immune system so that the body is easily infected. Swanson’s Caring Theory is one of nursing theory that can be applied to children with cancer. Swanson’s Caring Theory was developed to enable patients to achieve health and well-being. Swanson’s Caring Theory is similar to the nursing process, namely assessment, nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, nursing implementation and evaluation. Aim: This study aimed to describe the implementation of Swanson’s Caring Theory in children with cancer who have problems with the risk of spreading infection. Design: This was a case study. Participants & Methods: Five cases of children with cancer were assessed their comfort needs based on Swanson's five caring concepts, namely knowing as nursing assessment and diagnosis, doing for, being with, enabling and maintaining belief as nursing intervention and implementation, and evaluation. Nursing interventions are given based on established diagnoses. Nursing evaluation carried out based on nursing outcomes that have been determined in accordance with nursing diagnoses that have been enforced. Results: The results showed that implementation of Swanson’s Caring Theory gave satisfaction for patient and family with nursing services that have been provided. Therefore, nurses become more frequent in providing education to the family and the patient and the nurse involve other patients in the same room, so that family wants to be involved too infection prevention. Conclusion & Recommendation: Swanson’s Caring Theory gives an integrated nursing process tin preventing infection in children with cancer. Nurses can involve family as children’s care giver so that the education can applicable when children are home. Keywords: Cancer, risk of spreading infection, Swanson Caring Theory
50 Title: Awareness and intention of breastfeeding among prime mothers in La Trinidad, Bengue Authors: 1Tania Dorothy B. Garcia, 1Karen Joy J. Ito, 1Rania Ruth D. Patacsil, 1Elma Joy G. Mangmangon, 1Angelique Jade C. Enriquez, 1Maureen E. Gay-as, MAN, RN Authors’ Affiliation: Benguet State University-College of Nursing, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Significance: Breastfeeding has long been proven to provide optimal nutrition and is recommended worldwide for growth and development among children. Until this modern times, failure of breastfeeding initiation at six months and significant number of babies less than six months old not being breastfeed contributed to considerable number of mortality and complications among under five children internationally and locally. Identifying maternal factors to their intention to breastfeed provides evidenced-based resource for planning maternal and child health programs. Babies at risk for sub-optimal breastfeeding and nutrition may also be identified by considering maternal characteristics. Aim: Designed to determine the association of maternal breastfeeding awareness to their duration of intention to breastfeed. Specifically, identify differences of intention to breastfeed according to maternal characteristics. Design: Descriptive correlational research design was employed in the study. Participants & Methods: 296 primi mothers responded to a 51-item researcher developed questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential tests were conducted after tests of assumptions were performed. Results: The primi mothers were moderately aware of the breastfeeding domains but are more likely to breastfeed for more than six months up to 24 months. They presented to be more aware on nutritional benefits of breastfeeding and positioning during breastfeeding. The primi mothers were lesser aware on breast feeding regulations and laws, its general benefits, and breast milk availability. Age and educational attainment of the mothers significantly affected their intention to breastfeed. Teenage mothers and those attaining lower educational levels presented to have lower intention to breastfeed. Contrary, the intention to breastfeed was not correlated with maternal awareness. The findings indicate that breastfeeding remains a multifactorial phenomenon yet the innate nature of a mother to nurture her child seems to prevail. Conclusion & Recommendation: Mature and educationally prepared women tend to be more decided to breastfeed their babies reaching the optimum period and even beyond. Teenage and less educated mothers need more reinforcement in nourishing their babies including prevention of early pregnancies. Enhancement of health programs to raise awareness on breast feeding domains specifically on, breastfeeding regulations and laws, benefits and breast milk availability are recommended. Keywords: breastfeeding, primi-mothers, breastfeeding awareness, breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding benefits
51 Title: Nurses’ attitudes, subjective norm and intention on sexual health care (SHC): A cross-sectional study, Taiwan Authors: Cheng Yi Huang12 RN, PhD, Fen Fen Shih12, RN, Master Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Faculty of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University 2Research consultant, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Holistic care is based on teamwork in which patients, physicians, and colleagues are part of the care team. The subjective norm for nurses providing Sexual Health Care comes from the expectations of the care team members to provide care. The subjective norms and attitudes toward SHC are significantly related to the intention of SHC. Aim: To explore the relationship between nurses’ subjective norms and behavioral intentions towards sexual health care... Design: This a cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants & Methods: The questionnaire was sent by research assistant. The study solicited data from 382 of the registered nurses from a medical center in middle Taiwan. The study was conducted from August 2014 to July 2015. Results: The highest total score of subjective norms was from patient dimension. Order of the intensity was from patients, head nurses, physicians, and colleagues. The results show that participants aged 40 to 50 years old, with longer work experience, a master’s degree, and who worked in the rehabilitation and psychology departments had higher attitude scores (p < 0.05). Higher scores of attitude, confidence, and subjective norms were significantly correlated with stronger behavioral intentions toward SHC. Conclusion & Recommendation: Subjective norms from the patient level that have the greatest pressure on nurses, nurses’ perception of subjective norms on SHC and attitudes toward SHC have a significant impact on behavioral intentions. We suggested the health services providing education about sexuality for the physically and mentally challenger for physician and younger staff. Keywords: attitudes, intention, sexual health care, subjective norm
52 Title: Effectiveness of using protective dressings to prevent facial pressure injuries in patients with non invasive positive pressure ventilation Authors: 1,3 Yi Jou, Li, RN, M.S. student & 1,2 Pei Ling, Wu RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, 2Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, 3Miaoli Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is an important treatment for patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure. However, facial pressure injuries (FPI) may occur due to unsuitable/inappropriate masks and uncomfortable that was contact with the skin surface. Protective dressings are usually placed between the mask and the contact surface on facial skin to prevent f acial pressure injuries from the medical device in the clinical setting. Aim: We aimed to explore the effectiveness of protective dressings in preventing facial pressure injuries caused by medical devices. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Participants & Methods: A total of 12 patients in the intensive care unit used non-invasive positive pressure ventilation masks. Randomly assigned and divided into 3 groups: (1) 4 people in the foam dressing group, (2) 4 people in the hydrophilic dressing group, and (3) 4 people in the hyper-oxygenated fatty acids solution group; all patients undergo routine care as usual. The Braden Scale was used to measure the risk factors of pressure ulcers and analyze the incidence of facial pressure injuries. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 84.75 (SD=3.44), 6 males and 6 females. The Braden Scale scores of the three groups was 11.25 (SD = 3.95), 13.50 (SD = 3.00), and 12.25 (SD = 2.63), respectively. It indicated that the risk of pressure ulcers ranged from medium risk to high risk. None of the 4 patients in the foam dressing group had facial pressure injury; 1patient in the hydrophilic dressing group was on the second day (28th hour) showed the grade II of the facial pressure injury occurred on the right zygomatic bone and the incidence rate was 25%; 1 patient in the hyper-oxygenated fatty acids solution had a grade I facial pressure injury, and the incidence rate was 25%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of facial pressure injuries among the three groups (F = .50, p = .622). Conclusion & Recommendation: This study found that whether it is a hydrophilic dressing, a foam dressing, or a hyper-oxygenated fatty acids solution can be effective in preventing facial pressure injuries. However, the most effective in preventing FPI was foam dressing. We recommend three different dressings that can be used to prevent facial pressure injury in clinical. Keywords: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, Protective dressings, Facial pressure injury (FPI)
53 Title: Perceived Impacts of Social Media Information on COVID-19 pandemic among Adults Authors: Ruth Ezra S. Masagca1, Maricris B. Cayabyab2, Jericka Mae S. Estrella3, Jancenn Antoinette C. Figueroa4, Arcassell P. Panelo5, Cresencia M. Santos RN, MAN, PhD6 Authors’ Affiliation: Department of Nursing, Centro Escolar University Malolos, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: To empower the community in choosing the authentic information on COVID-19 pandemic via social media Aim: To determine the impact of social media information on COVID-19 Pandemic to adult community members Design: Quantitative descriptive research design Participants & Methods: The proposal was submitted to CEU IERB to seek ethics review and approval. An online questionnaire was administered to 373 respondents aging 18 years old and above. Face to face data gathering was conducted to respondents who are not covered with community quarantine policy in the country. The informed consent was included as part of the preliminaries in the questionnaire. Data are directly encoded to SPSS version 23 and processed using Kruskal-Wallis test Results: Finding revealed that majority of respondents are (61.6%); female (73.3%); young adults ages 18- 35 years old; currently unemployed (32.4%); and with baccalaureate degree (44.8%). Majority utilized Facebook 45.0% (n=168) as a social media platform and they prefer news on development about COVID 19 vaccines. Results revealed that all ages is statistically significant to the impact of social media to the respondents in terms of information overload, cyberchondria, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, preventive behavior, response cost and self-isolation intention. Also, civil status and unemployment is significant to impact the respondents in terms of self-isolation intention while elementary as educational attainment is significant to impact on information overload. Conclusion & Recommendation: The study concludes that age, civil status and educational attainment is significant bases in determining the impact of social media to the community. Local government should promote advocacy on reliable and responsible information dissemination. Keywords: Information overload, Cyberchondria, Perceived severity, Preventive behavior, Self- isolation
54 Title: HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Among Students Authors: Revina Joy S. Sobrepena ,RM,RN,MAN Authors’ Affiliation: Faculty of Nursing: Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: The Philippines has become one of the country in Asia and the Pacific with the fastest- growing HIV infections. One of the primary tactics used in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS around the world is spreading knowledge and awareness about the virus. Inadequate understanding and dangerous practices are key impediments to HIV prevention. Early, middle and late adolescents should be educated properly to prevent further spread of disease. Aim: This study aimed to assessed HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness among students. Specifically, the study determined the students’ level of knowledge and understanding on HIV/AIDS; and developed age appropriate IEC materials and information dissemination activities Design: The study utilized a descriptive statistical analysis. Participants & Methods: All adolescent high school students in DMMMSU with the age group of 12-19 years old, enrolled during SY 2020-2021. Results: The following are the salient findings of the study: The demographic profile of the respondents mostly are 12 years old, dominant are females, mostly are Grade 7, generally came from Mid La Union Campus. The level of knowledge and awareness of the respondents is high. This study highlights the lack of basic knowledge on what is the nature of HIV/AIDS. Early, middle, and late adolescents should be highly knowledgeable to prevent the increasing number of cases of HIV. An age appropriate material was developed emphasizing the important details on this type of disease. The validity of the IEC material was established and highly acceptable. Conclusion & Recommendation: There is a high percentage of respondents who are knowledgeable on mode of transmission, prevention and treatment, but lack basic knowledge on the nature of HIV/AIDS. The developed brochure is an age-appropriate IEC on HIV/AIDS. A more in-depth program on the information dissemination, health education should be implemented to all schools to attain a higher-level knowledge on the part of every individual Keywords: AIDS, awareness, HIV, knowledge
55 Title: The peril under their sleeves a venture to a meaning making experience of high risk middle aged filipinos amidst the COVID 19 pandemic Authors: REBEMER O. RAMOS, EIANAH DANN S. MONTON, ZSARMAINE ABBIE C. SAMSON, MARIEL JESKA D. VEGA, CJ N. VIRAY, Professor Jierico Paul C. Batario, MSN, RN Authors’ Affiliation: Manila Tytana Colleges Corresponding Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak had a deep impact on the way people perceive the world and their everyday lives. The researchers were well aware of the crisis that the world was facing at the moment and many people were totally in panic, especially those who belong to the high-risk population. With the restrictions and community guidelines followed, it was apparent that most Filipinos have adapted the routine of the new normal. Among adults, the risk for severe illness from COVID-19 increases with age. The aim of this study was to assess and explore the lived experiences of these middle-aged adults with comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially their own point of view about how they are currently living with knowing about their own health state and on how it has impacted their daily routine, relationships and overall well-being. The participants of this study included 5 high-risk middle-aged (between 45-55 years old) individuals residing and working in the NCR plus bubble that have at least (1) one co-morbidity such as Hypertension and Diabetes that made him/her be classified as high-risk individual, those people who were permitted to go outside even with community quarantine restrictions, utilizing public transportations like jeep, taxis, trains and buses when they go outside, never tested positive, and non-suspect during the time of data gathering supported by a filed-up Health Declaration Form accomplished through Google Forms platform. The researchers conducted semi structured open- ended questions in English or Filipino via online zoom meeting or google meet. Based on the data collated and analyzed from the interview, the researchers come up to a conclusion that people living in this present crisis with comorbidity have the fear of being contracted by the virus since they are the most vulnerable individuals to COVID-19. It was also evident that the respondents had adapted the changes with standard precautions such as wearing facemask, face shield, social distancing, proper handwashing and use of alcohol to reduce the risk of acquiring the virus. Different coping mechanisms were also done by the respondents to be able to cope up with the current situation. Keyword: -
56 Title: Factors toward Bloodstream Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Hematological Malignancy Authors: 1Hsiao-Ting Wang • 2Ming-Yi Hsu • 3Chun-Kai Liao Authors’ Affiliation: 1 RN, MSN, Assistant Head Nurse, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 2 RN, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Chung Shan Medical University; Adjunct supervisor, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 3 BSN Attending, Divison of Hematology- Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is commonly used for chemotherapyinduced hematological malignancies and the CVC related bloodstream infections are usually associated with poor prognosis. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explore central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections and its relative factors in hospitalized patients with hematological malignancies. Design: Retrospective case control research design was used. Participants & Methods: Data were collected from hospitalized patients of the research unit between January 1, 2010 and March 30, 2015. The infected group was patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy suffering from central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections while the comparison group was uninfected patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Variables included attribute of patient (age, gender, central venous catheter, diagnosis, values of neutropenia, days of neutropenia, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and physical status); Medical Treatments (dosage of chemotherapy, preoperative antibiotics); and nursing intervention (change of dressing, number of previous infusion lines, contact dermatitis).The data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square Test, and univariatelogistic regression analysis Results: A total of 405 patients were recruited (bloodstream infection – 122, no bloodstream infection – 283). Results showed the values of neutropenia, days of neutropenia, change of dressing, and number of previous infusion lines were the related factors of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (p < .05). Conclusion & Recommendation: When the ANC falls below 500 per mm3, measures of infection prevention should be firmly enforced, patients are to be educated to wear clothing of breathable material, vascular grafts should be covered with plastic bag when taking a bath, and the unnecessary infusion tubes should be reduced to lower the incidence of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections. Keywords: patients with hematological malignancies, bloodstream infections, central venous access device.
57 Title: Influencing factors of a COVID 19 prevention and control training for nurses Authors: Juan Cai1, Fengli Gao1, Wanchai Lertwatthanawilat2, Yan Zhang1 , Zhaoyuan You1, Liying Zhu1, Yining Zhang3 Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Nursing Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China, 2 Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, China Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: COVID-19 prevention and control are key aspects for nurses to have both knowledge and skills and that the training is important. There are many factors that influence the outcomes of the training. These factors can be beneficial for the use of the prepare the training in order to have best available outcomes. Aim: This research explores the outcomes of the COVID-19 prevention and control training and identify influence factors that affect outcomes of the training Design: A cross sectional analytical study design. Participants & Methods: A total of 907 nurses in a tertiary hospital were investigated by using a questionnaire survey of the Covid-19 prevention and control training course and the knowledge score as the outcome of the training. We performed single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis of the data. Results: Subjects aged 41-50 years had significantly higher knowledge score as compared with those aged 20-30 years old (OR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.03-8.10). Subjects who had undergraduate/master level had significantly higher knowledge score than those with technical degree (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.10-3.40); those who worked in the outpatient and emergency departments had lower knowledge score than those who worked in the inpatient department (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.21-0.68). Other factors were not significantly different such as gender or work experiences. Conclusion & Recommendation: In order to train the relevant skills and knowledge of nurses for COVID-19 prevention and control, nurses with young age, low professional title and nurses from outpatient department should be actively encouraged to participate in the and training. Other outcomes such as actual skills of COVID-19 prevention and control should be explored. A training program, incorporated these significant factors, should be developed. Keywords: COVID-19, training, nurses
58 Title: Nursing Care of Patients Infected with Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comparative Case Study of 2 Patients Authors: Rumpai Nantanopas Professional Nurse Authors’ Affiliation: Khon Buri Hospital Nakhon Ratchasima Province Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease in the 21st century. It is a dangerous contagious disease caused by SAR-CoV-2 infection. The virus can be transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, snot, saliva, and touching. The symptoms are classified as asymptomatic patients, mild symptoms,severe symptoms with pneumonia, severe acute respiratory failure, renal failure, and death. Risk factors that can cause severe symptoms include old age and having medical conditions. Aim: To study nursing care of patients infected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with 2 patients. Design: A case study of 2 patients infected with the novel coronavirus 2019. Participants & Methods: This is a study of nursing care for 2 patients infected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 who received treatment at Khon Buri Hospital. Data were collected from medical records, observations, interviews with patients and relatives, comparative data analysis. Nursing operations were planned by using the nursing process. Results: Nursing problems are different according to age and symptoms. In the first case, there was a problem of discomfort from fever, headache, body aches. The second case has a risk of accidental fall due to the elderly, left leg disabled. The same nursing problems include psychological problems, coping with stress, There is prevention and control of the spread of infection. Complications from disease and drug are monitored. The community is coordinated for ongoing care upon discharge from the hospital. The result of this study can be used as a guideline for nursing practice for COVID-19 patient since admission until discharged. Conclusion & Recommendation: Nurses must have knowledge of the disease, prevention and control of the spread of infection. The nurses should be able to provide holistic nursing care, able to coordinate with the multidisciplinary team in patient care, and able to plan for discharging, so that patients receive complete and accurate nursing care resulting in safe patients. Keywords: Covid 19
59 Title: The relationship between ACEs and dating violence among Thai college female students Authors: 1Chuleeporn Pusopa, RN, PhD, 2Phitinan Isarangura Na Ayudhaya, RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1Boromarajonnani College of Nursing, Phayao, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, 2Boromarajonnani College of Nursing Chiang Mai, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are classified as traumatic events related to interpersonal violence for college students during childhood. Dating violence (DV) is a severe health problem. The Thailand Ministry of Public Health reported that the number of women admitted to hospitals because of sexual abuse problems during 2020 was 30,000 cases. The highest rate of victims (60.9%) was a student. Aims: We aimed to describe the ACEs and DV reported by Thai undergraduate female university students and the relationship between adverse childhood experience (ACES) and dating violence. Design: The present study used data from a cross-sectional survey. Participants & Methods: The Qualtrics online survey was distributed through email targeting college- female respondents aged 18-25 years old (n = 137). Results: The most frequent type of dating violence reported was controlling behavior (60.04%), followed by psychological (42.34%), physical (16.06%), and sexual violence (15.53%), respectively. Females with ACEs scores of more than one had 1.723 times higher odds of reporting psychological violence than those with zero ACEs scores. Females with ACEs scores between 1-10 had 1.6 higher odds of a history of physical violence than those with zero ACEs scores. Females with ACE scores between 1- 10 had 1.367 higher odds for a report of sexual violence than those with zero ACE scores. Increasing ACE levels were associated with an increased likelihood of reported psychological violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. Conclusion & Recommendation: Young females with ACEs may be at increased risk for dating violence. These findings suggest that ACEs screening and dating violence screening should be part of college-age students' routine assessment when female students present with health or emotional concerns. In addition, these findings also support Thai university academic advisors and university counselor staff to establish and develop appropriate counseling guidelines for female university students with ACEs and dating violence experiences. Keyword: Adverse childhood experiences, Dating violence, College female student
60 Title: Stress-causing Factors and Coping Strategies of Nurse Frontliners in the Philippines during the Covid 19 Pandemic Authors: Christine Reyes, Julie Ibe, Ma. Armela Pamiloza & Luningning Marcelino, RN, MAN Authors’ Affiliation: Department of Nursing, Centro Escolar University, Malolos Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: The worldwide COVID 19 scenario places the nurses in truly difficult times while implementing measures in taking care of COVID 19 patients and this further creates a demand on their extended services that could lead to overwhelming stress and anxiety. There is a need to have a better understanding of this group of health workers and other factors affecting them. Aim: The main aim of this study is to a conduct a survey on the sources of stress, coping strategies of nurses and hospital measures during COVID 19 pandemic. Design: Descriptive-correlational study Participants & Methods: The study of 247 nurses working in hospitals from the different regions in the Philippines was done using questionnaire validated by a panel of experts, pilot tested and with a reliability coefficient of .90. The survey questionnaire in google form was fielded with the nurses via online through their personal email and messenger account and hardcopy version was sent to nurses in areas with poor internet connectivity. The Study Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used both for the descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis of data. Results: Data analysis revealed a weighted mean of 3.09 or moderate stress among nurses and a weighted mean of 2.95 or the use of coping strategies often. There is a significant difference in the stress level of nurses when grouped according to age with p=.034 and when grouped according to educational attainment with p=.009. Conclusion & Recommendation: This study concludes that nurses experience moderate stress and adaptation strategies were also employed. The researchers strongly affirm the importance of programs to uplift the well-being of nurses at the front lines of this pandemic. Keywords: Stress-causing factors, Coping Strategies, COVID 19 pandemic
61 Title: Meaning of Frailty: Narratives of older persons, Lampang, Thailand Authors: Payom Thinuan, RN, PhD, Penprapa Siviroj, Associate Professor, Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon, MD, Associate Professor & Thawon Lorga RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Lampang, 2 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 3 Department of Family Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 4 School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Story takes place somewhere and corresponds to temporal and social aspects in which the story teller lives. Our original thematic analysis reveals that meaning of frailty are significant for older person and care provider. Frailty syndromes are especially relevant to the frailty phenotypes described in the literature. Narrative analysis, namely and thematic bring about deeper understanding about the meaning of frailty in older person view. Aim: The objective of this study was to explore the meaning of older persons experiencing frailty. Design: The narrative inquiry was used. Participants & Methods: 13 frail older persons in Lampang province, Thailand. The researchers asked more questions about what they saw and gave meaning to further their dialogues with the participants. The meaning of frailty in narratives by older persons living with frailty were conducted by thematic analysis. Results: Meaning of frailty older people have given a definition of frailty based on their understanding and using represent words in both Thai and local language. They defined frailty as: Susceptible or a weak man, older people who are unhealthy, weak and very sensitive to the temperature; “losing hands”; older people whose hands lack energy or they easily lose things when they have to hold it. This losing hand has another name which is called “Gecko hand fee” in Thai Northern language; “Teen Orn - Mue Orn”, this refers to older persons who have no power in their hands and feet and the last definition is \"Fatigue/Powerless\". Conclusion & Recommendation: The results of the study recommend that the language of older people was created the understand for researcher in the true condition of frailty. The mentioned definitions above are used as a communication for understanding the condition of frailty phenotypes and apply to create the frail screening tools. Keywords: Meaning of frailty, Narratives, Older people
62 Title: A Bittersweet Journey: Understanding the Transition Experience of Filipino Young Adult Fathers Authors: Kristine Joy R. Macaraeg, Kevin Carl I. Lagundino, Danica Mae C. Merca, Dr. Michael John V. Flores, RN Authors’ Affiliation: Manila Central University-College of Nursing, EDSA 1400, Caloocan city, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Being a father is a significant phenomenon in a man’s life. Young adult males transitioning to fatherhood experience crucial changes in their roles. On top of that, they have received less attention compared to mothers despite the fact that they also face different issues in their early transition. Aim: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of young adult fathers guided by the central question: “From a young adult’s perspective, what are the transitional experiences as a first-time father?” Design: The study utilized the descriptive phenomenology design. Participants & Methods: The sample (N=6) comprised of first time Filipino young adult fathers ages 18-24 years old regardless of married or not, and with no existing condition of the baby. The data was collected through an in-depth semi-structured virtual interview guided by an aide memoire. The gathered data was analyzed using Collaizi’s Phenomenological Method which consists of 7 steps. Results: The core viewpoint that constituted the lived experience of Filipino young adult fathers among the study participants resulted to emergence of four significant themes: a) Moving on to Fatherhood, b) Illuminating the Hurdles in the Midst of Transition, c) Looking at the Transition, and d) Embracing and Thriving. Fatherhood came as a surprise to the young adults who reacted with shock and fear. Nevertheless, they wanted to become responsible and be a good father to their child. However, these young adult fathers encountered problems throughout their transition. Even so, most of them were transformed by the experience of being a father. Conclusion & Recommendation: The shared stories of the participants exhibited a glimpse of their transition experience. This brought them a lot of different circumstances that led to an early fatherhood transformation. Keywords: young adult father, transition experience, early adaptation
63 Title: Psychosocial wellbeing of hospital clinical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study Authors: Karen Wynter1,2, Sara Holton1,2, Melody Trueman2, Suellen Bruce3, Sue Sweeney2, Shane Crowe2, Adrian Dabscheck4, Paul Eleftheriou4, Sarah Booth5, Danielle Hitch5, Catherine M Said5, Kimberley J Haines5, Bodil Rasmussen1,2 Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 2 Nursing and Midwifery, Western Health, 3People, Culture and Communications, Western Health, 4 Medical Services, Western Health, 5Allied Health, Western Health. Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Internationally, hospital clinical staff report poor psychosocial wellbeing associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have reported data at more than one time point; thus, limited data exist to demonstrate the ongoing impact of working clinically in an acute health setting during the pandemic over time. Aim: The aim was to assess the psychosocial wellbeing of clinical staff at a large, metropolitan public health service in Melbourne, Australia, at two time points in 2020. These time points coincided with the first wave of the pandemic (March to June 2020) and the end of the second, more intense wave of the pandemic (July to October 2020) in Melbourne, Australia. Design: Cross-sectional surveys were completed at different time points in May-June and October-December 2020. Participants & Methods: All clinical staff (nurses/midwives, doctors and allied health staff) employed at a large, metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia, were invited to participate in online surveys at two time points: May-June and October-December 2020. At each time point, the survey included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess psychological wellbeing in the past week. Study specific questions (Likert-scales) assessed COVID-19 concerns and work impacts at each time point. Results: Surveys were completed by 638 (time point 1) and 358 (time point 2) staff members. There were no significant demographic differences between cohorts. Mean scores on all DASS-21 subscales were statistically significantly higher than normative data (all P <0.01); Depression, Anxiety and Stress scores were significantly higher during the second survey (P <0.01). The proportion of participants scoring in the moderate to extremely severe ranges increased significantly for Depression (14% VS 22%, P<0.01) and Stress (14% vs 20%, P <0.05); the increase for Anxiety was not significant (12% vs 17%, P>0.05). In both surveys, staff were most concerned about health risks to family members. Both positive (e.g. a learning experience) and negative (e.g. risk of getting COVID-19) impacts were reported. Concerns and perceived impacts increased significantly between surveys regarding colleagues having COVID-19, perceived stress, increased workload, new work tasks and conflict among colleagues (all P<0.01). Conclusion & Recommendation: The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic may have compounded the effects of the first wave among healthcare workers. Sustained organisational and personal support is likely to be required even when the immediate COVID-19 concerns and impacts resolve, to assist staff in overcoming psychological symptoms. Keywords: COVID-19, healthcare workers, clinical staff, mental health, acute care
64 Title: Case report: Treating anxiety stress and chronic insomnia with Cannabis-containing herbal medicine (SUK-SAI-YASN recipe) in elderly patient, Maechan hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand Authors: Katsaraporn Chamnanmor1, Naruemon Yingkhun1, Student in ATTM Program, Warissara Korsamphan2, Vipaporn Eartanom2, ATTMD, & Nawatpong Chairat3, ATTMD, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1Bachelor of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Program, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand,2Maechan Hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand, 3Lecturer in School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] , [email protected] Abstract Significance: Insomnia in the elderly with anxiety stress from family problems that affect the daily life of the patient and worsen the physical and mental condition Therefore, it is an interesting problem in the treatment with holistic care of the patient's body and mind. Aim: We aimed to treat insomnia, reduce anxiety stress and improve patient in quality of life. Design: Case report Participants & Methods: A 72-year-old Thai female patient living in Chiangrai province, chief compliant with chronic insomnia and anxiety stress. Treatment by taking Cannabis containing herbal medicine (SUK-SAI-YASN recipe), 29 sachets, taken for a period of 1 month, every day before going to a bed. Then follow up after 1 week of treatment by taking a sleep quality assessment.stress assessment form and quality of life assessment form for a period of 1 month. Results: Results after taking the drug for 1 month, together with the sleep quality assessment. Stress assessment form and quality of life assessment form for patients. It was found that after taking the drug, the patients' insomnia symptoms improved from 1 hour to 5 hours of sleep per day, and the total sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) score was 5 from13. The total stress score was 17 from 28 points, and the sum of the quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) score was 0.86 from 0.518, indicating that the patient had improved. Conclusion & Recommendation: Cannabis-containing herbal medicine (SUK-SAI-YASN recipe) be able to treat insomnia, reduce stress and improve patient in quality of life. It should be developed to clinical practice guideline standard for treating in elderly patients with stress and insomnia diseases. Keywords: Stress, Chronic insomnia, Cannabis-containing herbal medicine, elderly patient
65 Title: Lived experiences of nurses during COVID 19 pandemic in selected hospitals in Metro Manila Authors: Geriko Tamares1, Roelyn B. Villanueva1, Liezel T. Villegas1, Marilen F. Pacis2 Authors’ Affiliation: 1Students, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines 2 Faculty, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Corresponding Email: - Abstract Background: The Department of Health (2020) stated that as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic accelerates, the global health care workers are overwhelmed by identifying highly infectious patients for testing and treatment. The rapidly evolving pandemic has stressed the entire healthcare system, especially in our country. So, in this study the researchers explored the lived experiences of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila. Methodology: This study utilized a qualitative study, using specifically the phenomenological approach in collecting descriptive data from people's own words. The descriptive Colaizzi method was utilized to analyze the obtained information from the participants. Results: The participants experienced physical and mental struggles, insufficient knowledge about the virus, lack of staffing, extensive demands, and inadequate support from the government that made them exhausted and gave them uncertain feelings and worry about their situation. Conclusion: Improving the quality of life of nurses especially those health care workers providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic and supporting them by providing their needs as front-liners must be prioritized as they continue to give care to the infected COVID-19 patients. Recommendation: Therefore, it is suggested that the Department of Health (DOH) should provide adequate supply of PPE for health care providers to strengthen their protection against COVID-19 as they provide care to those infected patients and they should also identify ways, means or programs to lessen emotional burnout of the nurses. Keywords: Burnout of the nurses Colaizzi, COVID-19, Front liners, Lack of staffing, Pandemic, Personal protective equipment
66 Title: The correlation of public hospital nurses’ occupational stress to their quality of life and caring behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic Authors: Jannel S. Besas1, Maria Hadyline C. David1, Iñigo Von M. Fabian1, Danica S. Galvan1, Mikaella Pauline D. Lumanog1, Triziah Mae Nicole E. Musni1, Rona M. Quiambao1, Gloria Nicole P. Quizon1 & Christian Leandro S. Monieno1 Authors’ Affiliation: 1College of Nursing, Angeles University Foundation, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to the entire healthcare team particularly to the nurses who continuously attend to the healthcare needs of the public. As acknowledged to be an occupation with high levels of stress and demands, the ability to understand these stressors is vital in the nurses’ quality of life and delivery of care. Aim: The study aimed to determine the correlation of occupational stress with the quality of life and caring behaviors of public hospital nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized. Participants & Methods: With an ethics clearance approval from OVPRI-AUF, the study involved 187 nurses from a selected public hospital in Pampanga, Philippines obtained via purposive sampling. The Nurses’ Occupational Stressor Scale (NOSS-21), Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-24), and RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) were adopted by way of an online survey in Google Form. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation. Results: ‘Powerlessness’ was the greatest stressor experienced by nurses in the workplace (m= 63.73, SD= ±0.23) while ‘Difficulty Taking Leave’ was the least (m= 40.73, SD= ±0.36). They prioritized ‘Professional Knowledge and Skills’ the most (m=5.71, SD= ±0.13) whereas, ‘Positive Connectedness’ was the least practiced (m= 4.99, SD= ±0.40). Under Physical Component from SF-36, the majority of nurses have good ‘Physical Functioning’ (m= 72.49, ±5.42) while ‘Pain’ remained as an utmost concern (m=51.15, SD= ±9.72). For Mental Component, most nurses exhibited good ‘Emotional well-being’ (m= 69.71, SD= ±2.86) while ‘Energy/Fatigue’ was the leading problem (m= 42.51, SD= ±19.11). The findings displayed a statistically significant moderate, negative correlation between the nurses’ occupational stress and quality of life (r =-0.448, p = <0.001). It reflects that as the nurses’ stress level increases, their capacity to achieve positive mental and physical health decreases. It also revealed a statistically significant weak, negative correlation between the nurses’ occupational stress and caring behaviors (r =- 0.290, p =<0.001) indicating that stressors they experienced at work influence their caring behaviors. Conclusion & Recommendation: The occupational stress faced by public hospital nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influences their quality of life and provision of nursing care. The study proposes engaging in continuous education and training programs for nurses with regards to advocating their health and well-being, enhancing the nurse-patient relationship, and promoting adequate rest periods to minimize pain and fatigue. Keywords: correlation, public hospital nurses, occupational stress, quality of life, caring behaviors, COVID-19 pandemic
67 Title: Developing a clinical nursing practice guideline for COVID-19 pregnant women requiring cesarean section: An action research Authors: Parnduangjai Thaidumrongdet1, RN, PhD & Chaweewon Srasong2, RN, MSN Authors’ Affiliation: 1Kuakarun Faculty of Nursing, Navamindhadhiraj University, Thailand, 2Medical Instruments and Operating Room Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Although the Thai national surgical policy was announced avoiding surgery with an elective case during the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women with COVID-19 may be delivered with cesarean section when there is a medical reason for ensuring safety with maternal and infant. It can lead to developing a strong guideline for COVID-19 pregnant women who require a cesarean section. Aim: This study was to develop and use a clinical practice nursing guideline (CNPG) for the management of COVID-19 pregnant women who require cesarean section, and evaluate feasibility of implementing the CNPG. Design: An action research design was used. Participants & Methods: 13 professionals (11 perioperative nurses and 2 academic researchers) from two faculties, Navamindhadhiraj University and a Bangkok Metropolitan hospital developed the CNPG. The design was based on an action research that integrated the NHMRC and JCAHO models involving the following steps: 1) determining the need for and scope of the guideline; 2) convening a multidisciplinary panel to oversee the development of the guidelines; 3) defining the purpose of and target audience for the guideline; 4) CNPG formulation; 5) implementing the guideline, and 6) documenting as a guideline. We assessed the feasibility of the CNPG implementation. Using in-depth interviewing was performed on in two meeting discussions with four semi-structured open-end items. Using a content analysis technique, we extracted conclusions and suggested solutions. Results: The guideline included three phases for managing in COVID-19 pregnant women who require a cesarean section, perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative stages. After using the CNPG in three COVID-19 pregnant women with cesarean section, as a pilot study to test feasibility of the CNPG implementation, the overall feasibility was high (= 2.69, S.D. = 0.35, p <0.05). Four themes were evaluated. Conclusion & Recommendation: The CNPG has been presented to be beneficial. However, it is needed to try it out with an adequate sample size. Keywords: Clinical practice guideline, COVID-19 pregnant women, Action research
68 Title: Is brisk walking an effective physical activity for promoting Taiwanese adolescents' mental health? Authors: 1 Ming-Yi Hsu, PhD, MSc, RN & 2 Hui-Jung Chao, MD, RN Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402,Taiwan, 2Health Center, National Experimental High School at Central Taiwan Science Park, Taichung City 428, Taiwan Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: According to 2011 the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan, about one-fourth of Taiwan's adolescents experience anxiety and depression, and around 30% report a low sense of self-worth. Additionally, a high percentage (48.8%) of high school students does not reach the government standard of exercising at least three times a week for 60 min per session in a report from 2017 the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. This lack of physical activity could have a negative influence on adolescents' mental health. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine if brisk walking is an effective physical activity for promoting adolescents' mental health. Design: A quasi-experiment using the time series design (T1 T2 X T3 T4) was conducted. Participants & Methods: Sixty-four volunteer students in 10th to 12th grade were recruited from a high school in central Taiwan, and they participated in a brisk-walking program for 12weeks. Psychological functioning was measured by self-concept, anxiety, and depression scores (Beck Youth Inventories- Second Edition; BYI-II). Measurements were conducted at baseline, and 4, 10 and 16 weeks after baseline. The effects of the program were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: Significant decreases were seen in anxiety and depression and an increase in positive self- concept. The effect of physical activity on anxiety was clear and could be observed after 6 weeks of the brisk-walking program. Brisk walking for 30-, 60-, and 90-min sessions was examined, with the 60-min session proving more effective than shorter or longer sessions. Conclusion & Recommendation: The results suggest that a 12-week brisk-walking program may be effective both at decreasing depression and anxiety and at improving self-concept. The study also showed that anxiety could be considered a risk factor for depression. Practice implications: While most physical activity programs in past studies combined different activities, the present study demonstrated that brisk walking alone is a simple, effective exercise regime that promotes adolescents' mental health. Keywords: Adolescent, Anxiety, Brisk walking, Depression, Self-concept
69 Title: The effects of learning situations of the students to their adaptation on online education delivery Authors: Gabriel D. Lazaro1, Kristine Maezelle G. Mendoza1, Maria Francesca C. Palacio1, Vanessa Eve P. Sotto1, Mark Loyd M. Ubando1 Authors’ Affiliation: 1Students, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines 2 Faculty, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: The Philippines currently faces the coronavirus pandemic. The traditional face-to-face learning is not applicable for the students. Online education plays a vital role in the country's education system, and it provides benefits to the students. However, there are also negative indications from online education. So, in this study, the researchers examined the effects of learning situations of the students at National University to their adaptation on online education delivery. Furthermore, this study provided more knowledge regarding how students adapt to online education delivery. Methodology: The study utilized the descriptive-correlational design utilizing the quantitative approach. Stratified random sampling was used in the study. To ensure an equal representativeness of the respondents, they will be selected based on the predetermined groupings. Fixed alternative questionnaire was used to gather data on the effects of learning situations of students to their adaptation on online education delivery. Results: The research study had shown that most of the students' learning situation did not have significant correlation with their adaptation to online education delivery. However, learning situations like the students' learning style has significant positive very weak correlation with their adaptation in terms of academic related. The survey results also showed that the students' learning material has significant positive very weak correlation their adaptation in terms of health-related factor. Conclusion: The learning situations have significant effects on the students’ adaptation to online education delivery in terms of academic factor to their learning style and health related factor to their learning materials. And that the students’ learning situations have effects on their learning adaptation but further needs to be correlated to say that the learning situations directly affect their learning adaptation to the online education. Recommendation: Therefore, this study recommends that the faculty members are advised to make use of this research as their basis to explore the different learning situations of the students, that the institutions may use this research study as a way of exploring the different factors that affect the education of the students which may help them in filling the gaps in online distance learning. Keyword: -
70 Title: Barriers to promote a continuity of end-of-life care in the Urban areas, Bangkok, Thailand Authors: Nisa Wongchan1, RN, PhD candidate, & Kittikorn Nilmanat 1, RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: A continuity of end-of -life care was very important to family caregiver and patient, because end-of-life patient needed complex care and a collaborative multidisciplinary team to provide care. Most patients had disease more than one. Therefore, a collaborative multidisciplinary team was able to offer making the delivery of the continuity of care possible. Aim: We aimed to describe a situation analysis on a continuity of end-of-life care in Urban areas. Design: A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Participants & Methods: 15 healthcare providers and allied health were participated in the study. Data collection methods were in-depth interview, and content analysis was used to analyzed data. Results: Although there is a hospital policy to promote COC. It was found that the barriers to promote a continuity of end of life care in the urban areas included; 1) misunderstanding on criteria to recruit the patients to the services; 2) staff workload; 3) incomplete and incomprehensive shared information; 4) unclear roles of the team; 5) changing hospital policy due to COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion & Recommendation: Findings in this study highlight fragmented care and identified the barriers to a continuity of end-of-life care. In order to enhance the quality of care among patients at the end-of-life and their families, the strategies to promote the collaboration between healthcare providers and patients and families are recommended. Keywords: palliative care, urban areas, qualitative study, a continuity of end-of-life care
71 Title: Filipino families and their health during a pandemic: A narrative analysis Authors: 1Krista Vita J. Gutierrez, 1Kyla Angela N. Koh, 1Kate Lawries R. Luna, 1Mia Ricci M. Magcalas, 1Arjohn Lenard S. Magday, 1Jesrielle B. Mallari, 1Sheena G. Manalad, 1Sarah S. Nares, 1Abby Gail S. Quizon Authors’ Affiliation: 1College of Nursing, Angeles University Foundation, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: The family is the central core of society and the societal system. It is where health and illness occur. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous implications on various aspects of families’ health. These implications surround aspects of which are physical, mental, and social in nature. Such a research gap questions how Filipino families made sense of the pandemic in their lives and their health. Aim: The inquiry delved on what stories could be extracted from Filipino families and their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A qualitative narrative research design was used. Participants & Methods: Eight Filipino families residing in Pampanga have participated in semi- structured interviews. Thematic narrative analysis was utilized to identify, analyze, and report patterns of stories extracted from the participants to formulate themes that represent Filipino families and their health amidst the pandemic. Results: Three themes have emerged from the data analysis: The family and its bonds buoy the family’s health in a pandemic, The family member’s health in a pandemic demonstrates dynamicity, and The COVID-19 pandemic is a setting for perception and adaptation for health. The participants have emphasized the essence of being together, being in the same boat, indicating the need to move as one, feel as one, and grow as one. Being a member of a family, participants have also highlighted their individual merits and demerits using the pandemic as a driving force for movement. The participants have provided their overall views of the pandemic, how they have managed their health during so, as well as preventive measures they’ve adapted through within. Conclusion & Recommendation: Filipino families have highlighted Filipino resilience as an overarching compass. The pandemic has delivered various pressuring conditions towards Filipino families and their health. Albeit these predicaments, Filipino families have transformed situations of disallowances into the amplification of benefits their allowances have provided. Future research inquiries specifying groups, classifications, or differing criteria into their inclusions may provide in- depth findings respective of those areas. Keywords: Filipino families, Health, COVID-19 pandemic, Pampanga, Philippines
72 Title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Health Science and Non- Health Science Program in Centro Escolar University (CEU) Malolos Towards COVID-19 Authors: Trizhia Dophne Alfaro1, Airah Poleen Fajardo1, Aira Michaella Libiran1, Justine April Macapagal1, Carl Andrei Manio1 Authors’ Affiliation: 1Bachelor Science of Nursing students, Centro Escolar University Malolos, Nursing Corresponding Email: [email protected],ph Abstract Significance: As COVID-19 displays a huge threat to humanity, organizations such as WHO, constantly recalibrates guidelines and protocols as a response in resolving COVID-19. People's commitment to prevention and control measures is necessary to ensure effective disease control. This compliance is highly dependent on the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of the population towards COVID-19. Aim: The study aims to compare the level of KAP of health science and non-health science programs in CEU - Malolos towards COVID-19. Design: A descriptive quantitative research design was used. Participants & methods: The respondents are the bonafide students currently enrolled in CEU Malolos S.Y. 2020- 2021 under the program of health and non-health science. A stratified sampling technique was utilized. Data collected were treated in with Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney Test via SPSS Version 23.0 Results: A total of 238 responses to the questionnaire were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Results show that the majority of the respondents are ages 20-21 years old, female, health science students, and are in their third year level. First, findings suggest that the majority of the students learn and stay up to date through the use of social media, specifically Facebook. Respondents have a good knowledge(x=26.13) regarding COVID-19 . Second, attitude (x=3.48) shows that respondents strongly agree about the importance of obtaining information about COVID-19 and applying it to their lifestyle as well as the adherence to the protocols . Third, respondents practice (x=4.51) basic health protocols against COVID-19. And lastly, there is a strong significant difference (p=.00) between heath and non-health science in terms of knowledge, whereas Health Science students were more knowledgeable about COVID-19 compared with Non- Health Science students. Conclusion & recommendations: The researchers therefore concluded that the Health Science students are knowledgeable about COVID-19 compared to Non-Health Science students. Attitude and practice shows that both Health and Non-Health Science has a positive attitude regarding obtaining information, applying what they have learned, and adherence to the protocols by: wearing of facemask, face shields, observing social distancing, doing proper sanitation and health precautions. As the Philippines were being hit hard by the pandemic, schools should develop different strategies to keep their students informed about emerging public health. During these moments, students should also be directed to appropriate sources of knowledge. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, COVID-19
73 Title: Estimating Schizophrenia Literacy among Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia at the National Center for Mental Health (NCMH): A Cross- Sectional Study Authors: 1Jerico Bajador, RN, MSc, SMRIN, RICR, FRSS, FRSPH, FACE Authors’ Affiliation: 1Nursing Service, National Center for Mental Health, Philippines Corresponding Email: - Abstract Significance: Schizophrenia literacy (SL) is defined as the “knowledge and beliefs about schizophrenia which aid their recognition, management or prevention.” Though mental health literacy was vastly studied in foreign countries, globally there is dearth of literature on schizophrenia literacy of caregivers. Thus, its measurement is of paramount importance to researchers, health promotion officers, and public health workers. Aim: To estimate the SL of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in NCMH from June-December 2019 – which would provide baseline information on caregiver SL in the Philippines. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Participants & Methods: For six months, 202 caregiver-patient pairs in NCMH Admission and Crisis Intervention Section wards who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. SL was measured by administering the pilot-tested National Center for Mental Health Schizophrenia Literacy-B Questionnaire (NCMHSL-BQ) through a structured interview. It is a 52-item questionnaire with seven constructs– all answerable by Yes, No, or I don’t know. The minimum and maximum possible scores were zero and 52, respectively. Tertile scores were computed to delineate the three SL categories Low, Satisfactory and High. Results: The mean SL score was 33 ± 2.9 (95%CI: 32.7 - 33.5), with 41.3 as highest and 24 as the lowest. A little more than a third of caregivers had low [score: 24 to 31.9] SL (72, 35.6%) at baseline, followed by those with satisfactory [score: 32 to 34.3] SL (68, 33.7%), and high [score: 34.4 to 41.3] SL (62, 30.7%). The average duration of interview was 32.97 ± 4.83 minutes (95%CI: 32.29 - 33.64). From the summary of scores for each of the seven constructs of NCMHSL-BQ, the lowest scores were observed from the constructs causes/risk factors [mean score= 8.79 ± 1.68 (95%CI: 8.56 - 9.02); median score: 8.6; max.score=18] and symptomatology [mean score= 6.31 ± 1.71 (95%CI: 6.07 -6.54); median score: 6; max.score=13] relative to the maximum possible scores on the said constructs. The Cronbach’s alpha of NCMHSL-BQ was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.78 - 0.88). Conclusion & Recommendation: With a little more than two thirds of the caregivers having low and satisfactory schizophrenia literacy, there is a need to intensify psychoeducation activities to the caregivers – focusing on schizophrenia causes/risk factors and symptomatology as they may have some misconceptions or misinformation about these constructs. Keywords: Schizophrenia literacy, Caregivers, NCMHSL-BQ, Constructs
74 Title: Burn out of Jatilawang Health Center nurses during the Covid 19 pandemic, Banyumas, Indonesia Authors: Henny Yulianita1, Anik Sulistiawati1, Furkon Nurhakim1, Irman Somantri¹, Kosim¹, Maria Komariah¹ Authors’ Affiliation: 1Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: In Indonesia, the burnout rate that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical personnel treating Covid-19 patients was in the moderate category (82%) and 1% at the severe level. The Puskesmas provides various health services except for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. During the pandemic, the number of patient visits to the Puskesmas has increased. The possibility of nurses coming into contact with asymptomatic Covid-infected patients is very large. This becomes a burden for nurses in providing services. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the description of burn out in nurses at the Jatilawang Health Center. Design: A descriptive quantitave research design was used. Participants & Methods: There are 40 nurses at the Jatilawang Health Center. The sampling technique used is the total sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis; frequency distribution. Results: The results of research conducted on nurses at the Jatilawang Health Center, obtained data that almost all respondents experienced moderate burnout as many as 34 nurses (85%). The results of the analysis based on the burnout dimension showed that for the emotional exhaustion dimension there were 27 nurses (67.5%), the depersonalization dimension was 31 nurses (77.5%) and the decreased achievement dimension was 29 nurses (72.5%) mostly in the moderate category. Conclusion & Recommendation: The high burnout of Jatilawang Health Center nurses will affect the performance of nurses in providing nursing services to patients. Nurses must get a sense of security and comfort in providing services and working in an environment that is in accordance with standards to minimize problems that arise due to psychological, physical and socio-spiritual pressure so that sources of stress in work can be handled. The impact of the pandemic is also a source of stress for nurses in providing services. Suggestions for health center managers to improve the work system, provide inhouse training to improve the quality of human resources, so that they can make a positive contribution in preventing burnout in nurses. Keywords: Burn out, Nurse, Health center
75 Title: Psychological status and coping mechanism of National University Manila faculty members in times of the pandemic crisis Authors: Christalyn C. Caleta1, Cristelle G. Casapao1, Angelica M. Coffey1, Mary Frances Terese A. Gayeta1, Daniella Ann U. Lejarde2 Authors’ Affiliation: 1Students, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines 2 Faculty, College of Allied Health, Department of Nursing, National University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Corresponding Email: - Abstract Introduction: At present times, psychological status and coping mechanism of National University-Manila Faculty Membersin times of pandemic crisisis greatly affected. Asthe learning should notstop, the education system in the Philippines had been adjusted from physical classes to online classes. As students are not prepared to the unfortunate situation concerning education, the professors are also pressured and not ready to the sudden change of teaching style. The new normal triggers anxieties and worry to the professors due to lack of experience of teaching through online. Methodology: The researchers employed a qualitative in nature and phenomenological type of research. The researcher also utilized Colaizzi’s method, this method analyzed the response of the participants using the seven steps: (1) Familiarization of the data (2) Extracting the significant statements (3) Formulating meanings (4) Clustering themes (5) Developing an exhaustive description (6) Fundamental structure (7) Seeking verification. Results: The findings developed one theme from psychological factors of the pandemic (Environmental influences) including unstable internet connection, restrictions, lack of social activities, workload, flexibility of the time, health issues, limited working set- up, lack of support system, and environment. On the other hand, in psychological effects of the pandemic crisis there are two themes (Positive emotions) such as realizations, challenged, feeling based, appreciative, and happy, peace of mind, personal development, and (Negative emotions) such as anxiety, loneliness, stressed, uncertainty, frustration, exhaustion, fear, confusion, and boredom. As phenomenological approach is being implemented in this study, the lived experience of the participants grounded on careful description and series of steps shows more pronounced negative emotion, what surfaced consistently is the negative emotions that has been feeling by the participant due to variety of factors from the environmental influences. As stated by Pedrosa et al., (2020) exposure concerning COVID-19 pandemic is apparent in promoting an increase negative emotion throughout the community. However, the participantsdetermined variouscopingmechanisms to help them cope with this situation,some are having rest periods, watchingNetflix, creative activities(baking,crafting), reading books,sleeping,social activities,preparingmeals, and online business, some used nursing theory and accepting the situation to move forward. This coping strategy has a beneficial impact on participants' ability to cope, as they described it as positive, better, developing, fine, and great. Conclusion & Recommendation: Its compelling that all these factors which affects the psychological status of the participants can be relieved by certain coping mechanisms, and as described by them as effective and beneficial. These are having a break, watching Netflix application, gardening, having a support group to socialized with, biking, online shopping, stress-eating, sleeping, me-time, baking and crafting, reading books, adaptation using the nursing theory. Therefore, it is suggested that further studies including focus on a measurement should be encouraged to also provide data to support and calculate the effectiveness of the study. Limitations in the population or scope are one factor for the efficiency of the result in the study, an expanded population is suggested Keywords: Pandemic, Challenges, Impact, Psychological Status, Coping Strategies, Management, Stress
76 Title: Mental Health and Self-Care of Nursing Students amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic Authors: 1Kesaraporn Choopun, RN, Ph.D. & 2Panida Palee, RN, MSN Authors’ Affiliation: 1Department of Mental Health Nursing, Boromrajonani College of Nursing, Chiangmai, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand, 2Department of Pediatric Nursing, Boromrajonani College of Nursing, Chiangmai, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) first outbreak reported in China in late December 2019 and continued to spread worldwide with high infectious and mortality rates leading to a global health crisis. There were noticeable health risks among college students, such as anxiety, stress, and depression during the Covid-19. However, there is a limitation of studies on mental health issues among nursing students in Thailand. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the mental health and self-care practices of nursing students during the pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional study was employed. Participants & Methods: 250 nursing students in a public nursing school in Thailand participated in an online survey in July-August 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire packet composing of demographic information, the Thai general health questionnaire, the stress test questionnaire, and the self-care questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Pearson’s correlation was performed to examine the associations between mental well-being and self-care. Results: The findings showed that 26% of participants had mental distress. Almost half of participants (46.4%) experienced stress classified as mild, moderate, and severe levels (24%, 11.2%, and 11.2%, respectively). Most participants (73.2%) reported practicing good self-care during the pandemic as social distancing, mask-wearing, hand washing, and mental support providing for others with empathy. There was a strong, positive correlation between mental distress and stress, r(250) = .630, p < .001. Whilst, a moderate, negative correlation between self-care and mental distress was observed, r(250) = -.216, p < .01. Thus, increases in mental distress were strongly correlated with increases in stress levels. Nevertheless, good self-care was moderately related to decreases in mental distress. Conclusion & Recommendation: These emphasized that appropriate self-care practices can help to reduce stress. The implication of this study is to inform academic institutions to promote and support mental health prevention and early intervention for students. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, mental health, nursing student, self-care, stress, well-being
77 Title: Psychological experiences of nurses during Covid-19 pandemic in the Maldives Authors: Salma Hassan (Lecturer) Authors’ Affiliation: School of Nursing, The Maldives National University Corresponding Email: - Abstract Significance: The Maldivian nurses had to face and deal with unique challenges for the very first time during the coronavirus outbreak. As a result, they often face huge psychological pressure as a result of working with a high risk of infection from patients and working in temporary setups with limited resources and manpower. Aim: This study aimed to explore the psychological experiences of nurses and their views about support during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Maldives. Method: A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Participants & Methods: Five nurses working in the covid-19 related in-patient facilities participated in semi-structured, remote (telephone or online) interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from the data analysis: Overwhelming experience, nurses were treated differently and valuing family support. The participants described the experience of being emotionally overwhelmed. Many experienced feelings of uncertainty, grief, mainly when they had to handle the death and the dead bodies in a body bag as it was very painful for the families not being able to perform their last respect and rituals as per cultural practices. Most importantly, not being able to see their loved ones say their last goodbyes. A grievance is described as a result of being treated differently. The different treatment from the public towards nurses was explained as rejection, when they have to go back to their residence or islands, the general public was scared of contracting the disease from nurses. As a result, the public rejected them, which made them feel lonely. Finally, family is the most important and valuable support to overcome their psychological burden. Family members including husbands and mothers were very supportive in taking care of nurses' children while they work long hours. Conclusions: The Maldivian nurses in covid-19 facilities had faced psychological adversities during the Covid-19 pandemic. These findings can help in identifying targets for support. Appropriate interventions to monitor and reduce psychological problems among nurses are needed, which can help to support nurses’ work during contagious disease outbreaks. Keywords: Covid-19, Nurses, Psychological experience, Qualitative
78 Title: Literature Review: Family Coping Strategies In Care Of Schhizoprenia Patients Authors: 1Indra Maulana, 2Iceu Amira, 3Hendrawati, 4Sukma Senjaya, 5Taty Hernawati Authors’ Affiliation: 12345Faculty Of Nursing, Padjadjaran University. Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Being a family member or caregiver for people with mental disorders is a challenge in itself. The success of patient care is influenced by how the family or caregiver provides care and support for the patient. Psychological problems may not only be experienced by the patient but the family or caregiver has the potential. A good family coping strategy will maximize the family to take care of schizophrenic patients so that there is no significant relapse Aim: This literature review was conducted to find out how the family's coping strategies are in treating patients with schizophrenia. Design: This research uses a literature review research design Participants & Methods The articles used in the preparation of this literature review are the results of searches from the Pubmed and Sciencedirect databases. The keywords used in the article include Family OR Families OR Caregiver AND Coping OR Coping Strategy OR Coping Strategies AND Schizophrenia. Without doing comparisons and articles up to the last 10 years. Results: 12 research articles from various countries were used in this literature review, and it was found that the coping strategies carried out by families were divided into 2. Coping strategies that were adaptive or focused on problems and maladaptive or emotion-focused coping strategies. Conclusion & Recommendation: Both adaptive (problem-focused) and maladaptive (emotional- focused) coping strategies both have the same meaning although in different ways. Each individual in the family has their own way of coping to achieve good family coping. It would be better if both coping strategies were applied by the family in treating schizophrenia. Keywords: Coping Strategies, Family, Schizophrenia
79 Title: Factors Related to the Continuity of Care and Self-management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional study in Taiwan Authors: Bei-Yi SU 1 Clinical psychologist & Hsiao-Mei CHEN2 * RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 2*Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.). Corresponding Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Significance: The continuity of care (CoC) provides complete care for diabetic patients and improves patient care knowledge. Diabetic patients suffer from more chronic diseases, which in turn, affect their self- management status. Although previous studies have suggested that self-management correlates to the prognosis of diabetic patients, there is still limited research evidence on the relevance between CoC and self- management. Aim: This study aims to explore the relationship between the CoC and self-management of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and analyze the predictive factors affecting their self-management. Design: This study used a cross-sectional correlation research design.. Participants & Methods: Structured questionnaires, including the social demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, Patient Continuity of Care Questionnaire, and Self-management Scale of patients with T2DM, were used for data collection. Convenient sampling was adopted to recruit inpatients aged 20 to 90 years old and diagnosed with T2DM in the endocrine ward of a medical hospital in central Taiwan. A total of 160 patients were recruited. SPSS 25.0 software package was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The average age of the patients is 66.60 ± 14.57 years old. The full score of the self-management scale is 80, and the average score was 50.34 ± 17.28 points. Among the four dimensions of the self-management scale, the average score of the problem-solving dimension was the highest, with an average of 13.04 ± 4.75, and that of the self-monitoring of blood glucose was the lowest (12.14 ± 5.19). The analysis results showed that the overall regression model could explain 20.7% of the total variance in self-management, marriage (2.3%), educational level (4.9%), and CoC (13.5%). In particular, CoC was the most important predictor affecting the self-management of patients with diabetes. Conclusion & Recommendation: Health care providers should attach importance to the CoC of T2DM patients and encourage patients to maintain good interaction with health care providers during their hospitalization. It is recommended to strengthen CoC for patients with diabetes who are single or with low educational levels in clinical practice to enhance their blood glucose control and improve diabetes self- management. Keywords: Patients with Diabetes, Continuity of Care, Self-Managemen
80 Title: Adaptation of Chronically Ill Elderly in Tublay, Benguet During the COVID-19 Pandemic Authors: Ribelyne Loise B. Aquisio1, Maureen E. Gay-as1, Yoshi Flynne B. Cunning1, Angelica L. Felix1, Karla Faith M. Semilla1, Erika Diane J. Calama1 Authors’ Affiliation: 1Benguet State University, College of Nursing Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: The ability of a person to use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration is considered a standard social transition. The elderly by virtue of their age are considered as vulnerable population and are also considered among those at greatest risk with the Corona-Virus 2019, especially those with existing chronic illness. Furthermore, the physical distancing and other COVID- 19 protocols has been presenting challenges to the health and well-being of the elderly. Aim: This phenomenological inquiry aimed to explore the experiences of the chronically ill elderly in Tublay. Inferences from the elderly were perceived relevant with the provision of timely and client-centered care interventions for this vulnerable population group. Design: A transcendental phenomenological research design was used. Participants & Methods: Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews and group iscussions, with 18 participants and with compliance to imposed COVID-19 protocols. All data were analyzed through Transcendental Phenomenological Approach using the Modified Van Kaam Analysis by Moustakas Results: The study revealed 6 themes and 13 sub themes relating to the elderly with chronic illness’s adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The themes are Adaptation as an Unwavering Perseverance: Mengnap ni Pansegshan; Adaptation as Resourcefulness: “Remedyo para shi Bakdang”; Adaptation as Independently Dependent: “Integrity vs Despair”; Adaptation as Adherence: “Pamati ni Dinteg”; Adaptation through Social Connections: “Aduy-on”; and Adaptation through Social Consciousness: “Shamshamag”. The findings of the study revealed a wide range of adaptation among the elderly that ranged from perseverance, optimizing resources, limiting self and maintaining social relations. The themes then resulted to the overarching essence revealing the adaptation among the Ibaloi elderly with chronic illness in the municipality. Conclusion & Recommendation: The study revealed that the elderly with chronic illness in Tublay, Benguet have strengthened to adapt to the healthcare changes brought by the COVID-19 as evidenced by their positive self-care practices and healthcare behaviors. The development of innovative approaches to support health and social impact to the elderly with chronic illness during pandemics is recommended. Sustained home visit nursing to cater to health needs of the elderly in the communities is imperative. Keywords: Elderly, COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, Chronically ill and COVID-19, Elderly and COVID-19
81 Title: Fall communication: older persons and families’ perspectives, Chiangrai, Thailand Authors: Piyatida Junlapeeya, RN, PhD, Somporn Santiprasitkul, & Thaworn Lorga, RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Fall prevention service is a necessity amidst increased incidence of falls among elderly population. Existing fall prevention services still lack guidelines for communication strategies that improve older persons’understanding and acceptance of fall prevention interventions Aim: To develop a model for communication about fall to reduce fear of falling and impacts of fear of falling among community-dwelling older persons. Design: This was a research and development study divided into two phases: situational analysis and model development. Participants & Methods: Fifteen older persons, fifteen dyad caregivers and six community health professionals comprised the participants. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted. Content analysis was performed. A model was formulated and assessed by a panel of three experts. Results: Five themes emerged from qualitative data analysis: emotional labour of fall, living the life I have, safety limits, being always mindful, and fall conversation. The Fall Prevention Partnership Model was developed. Styles of fall communication were empathetic, educative, prescriptive and engaging. The communication took place along steps of fall prevention partnership, namely, understanding, plan, do check and act. The model leads to effectiveness and sustainability of fall prevention services. The expert panel rated this model as very good. Conclusion & Recommendation: Communication is a critical element of fall prevention partnership. Health professionals and families should be educated and trained about fall communication to optimize fall prevention effectiveness among older persons. Keywords: Communication, fall prevention, older persons
82 Title: Strategies for facilitating changes in a long term care initiative project, Chiang Rai, Thailand Authors: 1Porntip Sareeso, 1Nongyao Mongkhonittivech, 1Tadsaneewan Gantagad, 1Piyaporn Praison, 1Nattaya Phadaennok, 1Waraphorn Yaemmisri, 1Thaworn Lorga, 1Pattarika Panya, & 2Uraiwan Chaimin Authors’ Affiliation: 1Aged Care Team, School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand, 2Chiang Rai Provincial Public Health Office, Chiang Rai, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Despite national policy on long-term care (LTC), care of older persons with self-care dependence in Thailand is still poorly coordinated and fragmented. We piloted a coordinated community-based long-term care for older persons in Chiang Rai between 2019-2020. Implementing new changes can be challenging amidst structural complexity in Thai aged care. Aim: We aimed to identify the strategies used in implementing new changes of our initiative long-term care project. Design: A series of after action reviews was used throughout the project. Participants & Methods: Seven researchers and 22 stakeholders from health and social sectors were invited to share their views about the implementation of the LTC project. Results: Four strategies were identified as critical for promoting effective changes in the LTC initiative, namely, fostering respect, implementation leadership, competitive collaboration, and continuous empowerment. As a multidisciplinary and multisectoral team was very important in implementing this new initiative, respect was therefore central to the change process. The researchers, as developers, needed to identify the right persons who were competent and confident to communicate, lead and manage the change effectively. Benchmarking was primarily used as a co-learning platform among different communities with different stages of LTC developments. It also served as a drive for doing better among low performing communities. A series of capacity building was added to the change process as needed to equip the stakeholders with necessary mindsets, knowledge and skills. Promoting extrinsic and intrinsic motivation may take the forms of recognition of the stakeholders’ contribution to the project, reasonable financial incentive, and enhancing community belongingness. Conclusion & Recommendation: Fostering respect, promoting implementation leadership, competitive collaboration and empowerment were keys to the change process used in the LTC initiative. Keywords: long-term care, older persons, strategies for changes
83 Title: Becoming a volunteer caregiver: a descriptive qualitative study in rural Chiang Rai, Thailand Authors: 1Nongyao Mongkhonittivech, 1Porntip Sareeso, 1Piyaporn Praison, 1Waraphorn Yaemmisri, 1Thaworn Lorga, & 1Pattarika Panya Authors’ Affiliation: 1Aged Care Team, School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Volunteers have been a non-negligible part of Thai health care systems including aged care. Despite minimum or no wage, many volunteers continue to actively participate in community health and social service provision. Why these volunteers continue to do so deserves an in-depth understanding. Aim: We explored the experiences of volunteer caregivers working with older persons in need of assistance in a rural community, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Design: A descriptive qualitative design was used. Participants & Methods: We conducted two focus group discussions using a success story sharing technique with 22 volunteer caregivers. A thematic analysis was used. Results: Four themes reflected the experiences of volunteers, namely, reasons for volunteering, learning and growth, commitment, and success factors. Reasons for volunteering included sympathy and peer influences which could be direct or indirect. Once decided to pursue a volunteer career, the caregivers acquired necessary knowledge and skills through observing, trailing, coaching, formal training and sharing. Apart from improving knowledge and skills, they valued and developed awareness of themselves and others. The practice of volunteering conformed with their Buddhist beliefs about morality and the karmic belief that good actions result in good deeds. This spiritual growth and wellbeing nurtured their career as a volunteer caregiver leading to strong commitment, dedication and determination in this important undertaking. Key success factors included family, peer, professional and community support as they became a volunteer caregiver. Conclusion & Recommendation: Three main stages were identified in a volunteer caregiver career, namely, finding a reason to be a caregiver, learning and growing, and commitment. Family, peer, professional and community support facilitated the transitioning of these participants through these stages as a volunteer. Keywords: Volunteers caregiver, becoming, older person, qualitative research
84 Title: A Community Participatory Project on Salt Reduction program in Banpae subdistrict, Jomthong district, Chiang Mai Authors: Saiyud Moolphate1 Authors’ Affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Corresponding Email: [email protected] Research Fund Source: Government Budget Grant Year 2018 Abstract Significance: Background: Eating salt more than 5 gram per day causes of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which a main cause of death globally including Thailand. Thai people consume salt 10.8 gram per day, according to Thai National survey in 2009, which exceeded World Health Organization recommendation. Salt reduction programmed was necessary for intervention in Thailand. Aim: These objectives were to compare sodium intake (Sodium in urine) sodium in food and blood pressure for pre-post test of salt reduction programme which integrated community participation with salt measurement technology. Design: This study was experimental, one group pre-post test design. Participants & Methods: Study population were 298 people age over than 35 years live in Banpae subdistrict, Chomthong, Chiang Mai Thailand. Binary Logistic Regression was applied to identify factors association of high salt intake and related-samples Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used to compare mean of pre-post test. Results: In the sample, mean age was 59.40 years (SD. 12.72); 52 % female, and 88% of participants consumed more than 5 g salt/day which is higher than WHO recommended safe limit. The mean salt intake was 9.25 g/day (S.D. 3.63). The factors associated with high salt consumption were age-group of elderly Adjusted Odd ratio , CI occupation- unemployed person Adjusted Odd ratio , CI income-less income Adjusted Odd ratio , CI non- home made meals Adjusted Odd ratio , CI person who take kapi-ferment fish more than 5 days per week Adjusted Odd ratio , CI . The comparison of pre-post test; mean of post intervention of salt intake (sodium in urine) decreased 0.26 gram per day P value . Sodium in the food decreased 98 gram per 100 cc with statistic significantly P value < . Mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure decrease 4.17 and 1.72 P value < . Conclusion & Recommendation: salt reduction programme which integrate community participation with salt measurement technology can reduced Sodium in food and blood pressure. This salt reduction model should expand to other area. Keywords: Sodium, salty diet, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases CVD
85 Title: Experiences of community health professionals about impacts of extreme weather conditions on health of older persons, Chiang Rai, Thailand Authors: 1Somporn Santiprasitkul, 1Thaworn Lorga, 1Piyatida Junlapeeya & 1Asawinee Tonkuriman Authors’ Affiliation: School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand Corresponding Email: somporn san@mfu ac th Abstract Significance Extreme weather conditions such as cold weather and heat can negatively affects health, wellbeing and everyday living of older persons Older people living in Chiang rai Province, Thailand, an area which is prone to weather extremes, may be at risk of having diminished health and wellbeing Understanding how health professionals respond health of older persons during extreme weather conditions will lead to development of health service plan Aim We aimed to describe health professionals experience about health of older persons during extreme weather conditions in Chiang Rai, Thailand Design A descriptive qualitative research design was used Participants & Methods 41 health professionals including community health nurses, public health practitioners and first line emergency responders as well as health volunteers were interviewed using focus group discussion Thematic analysis was performed Results Five themes were identified from the experiences of health professionals 1 awareness of weather conditions and their impacts on health, 2 safeguarding health and managing weather related illnesses, 3 translating national service policy into local practices, 4 a team for better environments, and 5 breadth and depth of knowledge about weather associated illnesses Conclusion & Recommendation Despite awareness of impacts of extreme weather on health of older persons, health professionals face challenges in safeguarding health of older persons and translating policies into practice They expressed the need to have breadth and depth of knowledge to be able to respond efficiently to needs of older persons during the weather extreme Keywords Extreme weather, older persons, health impacts
86 Title: Lived Experiences of the Homeless during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic Authors: Aubrey L. Caymo 1, Cate Ashley S. Balicag 1, Lhaveryll E. Gaerlan 1, Caurrine M. Monsalud 1, Maureen E. Gay-as 2, RN, MAN Authors’ Affiliation: 1 College of Nursing, Benguet State University, Philippines, 2 Faculty of the School of Nursing, Benguet State University, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Homelessness has remained a growing public health concern and seems to be aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Homeless individuals are laid open to abject poverty almost every day. They are subjected to various risks that put their well-being in jeopardy. The lack of basic needs among the homeless remains evident during the pandemic. Sleeping outdoors does not provide protection from the environment, adequate access to hygiene and sanitation facilities, or connection to services and healthcare. Aim: This paper aimed to explore the lived experiences of the homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Qualitative Phenomenological Research Design Participants & Methods: Fifteen homeless individuals were interviewed in this interpretive phenomenological inquiry. Guide questions utilizing open-ended questions were used to collect data. Descriptions among the informants were interpreted using Van Manen’s analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged from the study: (1) Coping for a Support System: Staying Connected, (2) Coping as Praying: An Optimistic Way, (3) Coping as Enduring: Getting Used to the Lowly Life, and (4) Coping for Tenacity: Meeting the Needs. Though the respondents expressed various concerns in meeting their needs, they also described their resourcefulness and actions to manage their situation, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic Conclusion & Recommendation: A sustained, long-term, multidimensional strategy and a wide range of targeted interventions based on resolute resources is recommended to assist the homeless in addressing their unmet needs. For the homeless population, establishing a comprehensive action plan that will help them improve their quality of life is imperative Keywords: Companionship, End of life, Cancer, Qualitative research
87 Title: Understanding the Challenges of Teenage Pregnancy: A Basis for Development of Nursing Interventions for Teenage Mothers Authors: Sebastian Balahadia, Glaiza Nikkin, Jaemme Jee Policarpio, Mary Herose Yayoi Seta Authors’ Affiliation: Nursing Students, College of Health and Allied Science, TRACE College Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Postpartum care is an important aspect in perinatal especially among teenagers whose physical-developmental maturity and milestones are yet beyond motherhood. Moreover, teenage-pregnancy is a serious state, thus, requires more focus and attention. Aim: The study identified the challenges experienced by teenage mothers and the nursing care needed during the postpartum period as basis in the development of nursing interventions for these young and beginning mothers. Design: Quantitative research design was used. Participants & Methods: The teenage-postpartum mothers were the participants and the instrument used was questionnaire delivered via Google Form in compliance to national safety protocols. Ethical considerations were observed all throughout the conduct of the study. Results: From being teenager to teenage mother, the major challenges identified by the participants were the need to care for vaginal incision and breast engorgement and the need for support on the physical demand and the need for support to cope with the changing roles. From the findings, post-partum checklists on each of the challenge were formulated. Active participation and support from local health unit during the post-partum period and to include in client education during prenatal care so as to address the concerns on care for vaginal incision and breast engorgement while support of parents and significant others to address the problems on physical demand and the changing roles of teenage mother. Conclusion: With the identified challenges of teenage mothers, the complementing roles and responsibilities of health care delivery system and significant others were important nursing interventions from prenatal care to post-partum periods or from health unit to home and vice-versa. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, Nursing Care, Postpartum Care
88 Title: Assessment of the spiritual nursing care competencies of BSN students Authors: 1Epifania Marlene R. Purisima, PhD & Norenia T. Dao-ayen2 Authors’ Affiliation: 1College of Nursing, University of Northern Philippines, Ilocos Sur, Philippines & 2School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Outcomes may provide a more profound insight into appropriate training and education for student nurses. It may also open doors for innovations on the most efficient way to teach spiritual care nursing to student nurses. Study result was utilized to craft a spiritual care training module that may be used by clinical instructors in teaching Spiritual Care Nursing. Nursing administrators may also use this as a component for their service programs, improving BSN students' spiritual nursing care competence. Aim: The study aimed to assess the spiritual nursing care competencies of BSN students in Region 1. Design: A descriptive-correlational research design was used. Respondents & Methods: Four hundred twenty-four (424) BSN students and 125 clinical instructors from 14 selected higher education institutions. Data were gathered through questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency percentage, mean, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: Findings revealed that the extent of the spiritual nursing care competencies of BSN students in Region 1 is moderate. There is a very weak positive, statistically significant correlation between the students’ year level and spiritual values and spiritual nursing skills. Furthermore, a very weak inverse significant relationship was revealed between the school category and the level of accreditation to their spiritual nursing skills. Conclusion & Recommendation: The BSN students in Region 1 are reasonably competent in rendering spiritual nursing care. Findings suggest educational intervention and fostering students’ competence through teacher-directed and student-directed learning. Concepts of spiritual care may be reinforced by integrating them into professional nursing subjects through the utilization of the training module which is an output of this study. Keywords: Spiritual Nursing Care Competencies, Spirituality, Assessment
89 Title: Decisional Conflicts, Anxiety and Depression among Family Caregivers of ICU’s Patients Authors: Phitinan Isarangura Na Ayudhaya1, RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Chiangmai, Thailand Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Significance: Caring for family member in the end-of-life stage is effortlessly understood as a moral duty. Family caregivers are often involved in surrogate decision making. The difficulty in making decisions for family members can influence caregivers’ psychological well-being. The family caregivers may experience significant depression and anxiety as a result of the caregiving stress regarding the stress process model. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine relationship between stressors (decisional conflicts) and caregiving outcomes (anxiety and depression) among family caregivers of ICU patients. Design: A cross-sectional study research design was used. Participants & Methods: One hundred and six family caregivers who identified themselves as a primary decision maker for end-of-life care treatment and decision for adult ICU patient. The measurements were questionnaires including a demographic form, the Thai Decisional Conflict Scale, and the Thai-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A linear regression was used to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results: The most of family caregivers were female (72.6%) and close relatives (93.39%) such as parents, spouses, daughters/sons. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 66 years (M = 41.33, SD = 11.06). Family caregivers who were close relationship with patient and had lower income reported increased anxiety and depression. Only one third of family caregivers reported high level (Score ≥ 11) of anxiety symptoms (29.2%) and depression (24.5%). Decisional conflict significantly predicted both anxiety (F = 15.212, p < .001) and depression (F = 27.501, p < .001) among family caregivers. Higher levels of decisional conflict were not only positively associated with higher anxiety (β = .778, p < .001) but also higher depression (β = .774, p < .001). Conclusion & Recommendation: Results support the stress process model and provide evidence that Thai family caregivers experience decisional conflict that is associated with anxiety and depression. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of stress and decisional conflict in family caregivers Keywords: Family Caregiver, End of life, ICU, Decisional Conflict, Anxiety, Depression
90 Title: Lived Experience of Clinical Instructors on the Integration of Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care Protocol Authors: Donald G. Camatura1, RN, MAN & Gloria M. Cunanan2, RN, PhD Authors’ Affiliation: 1College of Nursing, Central Mindanao University, Philippines, 2College of Nursing, Liceo de Cagayan University, Philippines Corresponding Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Significance: The Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC) Protocol of the Philippine Government is implemented to address maternal and infant mortality and to attain the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 on Good Health and Well-being. The implementation campaign of EINC has four approaches including hospital reform agenda, forming a network of centers of excellence, curriculum changes, and social marketing campaigns. Specifically, clinical instructors play an important role under curriculum changes in EINC integration. Aim: This study explored the lived experiences of clinical instructors on the integration of Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC) protocol. Design: A qualitative research design specifically the Husserlian descriptive phenomenology was used. Participants & Methods: Eight participants which were purposively selected among four nursing schools in Bukidnon, Philippines. In-depth interviews were conducted, tape‐recorded, transcribed, and then transcripts analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. The experiences and emergent themes were described, and enabling and hindering factors were identified. Results: Ten thematic concepts emerged as follows: (1) impact of integration, (2) negative outcomes, (3) advantages of integration, (4) challenges in teaching, (5) managing challenges, (6) encountering opportunities, (7) positive observations, (8) hindrances to compliance, (9) issues on integration, and (10) support to instructions. Hindrances identified to integration of the protocol are as follows; justifying non- compliance in affiliating hospitals, staffing problems in greater number of patients, problems with the hospital facility and resistance to change among health care providers. Conclusion & Recommendation: The experiences of the clinical instructors convey meaning of two opposing realities of positive and negative outcomes. However, the hindrances need not be the principal reason not to scale up the implementation of the protocol. But rather an inspiration to continually look into ways to strengthen its dynamic application both in nursing academe and in the hospital settings. Keywords: EINC protocol, nursing curriculum, phenomenology, maternal care, newborn care
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