Cells- the Origin of All Organisms

Cell Organelles There are trillions of cells in the human body. All of these cells have tiny organelles inside that help them function. If there are already about trillions of cells in the body, imagine how many organelles there are! Here are organelles that exist in animal and plant cells.Cell membrane (both): Acomplex containing lipid,protein and carbohydratesthat is used as a barrier andhas systems for transport andsignaling. Cell membranesact as clothes. Though thin,they still protect you fromcertain things, such as acold.  

Nucleus (both): The nucleus  is a double membrane thatsurrounds thechromosomes and thenucleolus. It has pores thatallow specificcommunication with thecytoplasm to happen. Thenucleus acts as a general inan army; everyone takesorders from him.  

Cytoplasm (both): Cytoplasm  is a jelly-like substance thatfills up a cell. Its maincomponents are salt andwater. It is in the cellmembrane of all types ofcells and has all theorganelles and other parts. Ithas enzymes, which breaksdown waste and it also aidsin metabolism. It gives thecell its shape and without itthe cell would deflate.Cytoplasm is like water.Without it, life on Earthwouldn’t even exist. Also,water helps with digestionand can help those whodon’t release waste on aregular basis.  

Mitochondria (both): The  mitochondria is surroundedby a double membrane witha series of folds by the nameof cristae. Its use comes intoaction when energyproduction is at play throughmetabolism. Its believedorigins are from capturedbacterium and it contains itsown DNA. Mitochondria actas a protein bar since itkeeps people goingwhenever they exercise orthey do anything stressful.  

Golgi apparatus (both): Golgi  apparatuses are manystacked membranes.Vesicles, which are smallbags surrounded bymembranes, carry materialsfrom the RER to the Golgiapparatus. During theprocess of protein to amature form, vesicles movebetween the stacks. Afterthat, vesicles carry newmembranes and secretedproteins to their finalcheckpoint, which includesecretion or membranelocalization. Golgiapparatuses act like a postoffice. They sort and packagestuff that needs to getdelivered somewhere else.  

Rough endoplasmic reticulum  (both): The roughendoplasmic reticulum (RERfor short) is a network ofinterconnected membranes,which form channels withinthe membranes of the cell.The RER is covered withribosomes, which synthesizeproteins for secretion orlocalization in membranes.The RER works like thechipmunks in Charlie and theChocolate Factory by RoaldDahl. They separated thenuts that were good and theones that were bad. Theywould throw away the badones in a duct and kept thegood ones inside.  

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  (both): Like the RER, it’s anetwork of interconnectedmembranes that form channels.It’s used for synthesis andmetabolism of lipids. It hasenzymes, which detoxifychemicals such as drugs andpesticides. The smoothendoplasmic reticulum can becompared to trying to have abetter life by putting together allthe good things and fixing thebad things.  

Ribosome (both): The  ribosomes are the proteinand RNA complex that act inthe area of protein synthesis.Ribosomes act like teachers.They simplify the informationand give us what we need tolearn for the test.  

Cell wall (plant cell): Rigid walls  that offer extra protection inaddition to the cellmembrane. I think that thiscould be compared to asweater. A shirt already offerswarmth to an extent butsweaters offer extra warmth.  

Chloroplast (plant cell): The  chloroplast in a plant cell issurrounded by a doublemembrane, which containsstacked thylakoidmembranes. Theseorganelles are the onesresponsible forphotosynthesis. They containDNA and are believed tohave the same origins asmitochondria. This organelleacts as a factory worker, theyboth get pieces to makesomething useful out of it.  

Central vacuole (plant cell):  Bags surrounded bymembranes that consist ofwater and storage material.To me, this is similar to thewomb. It has the rightmaterials to hold a baby andalso has water.  

Lysosome (animal cell):  Lysosomes are membranebound organelles that breakdown proteins, materials andmembranes in the cell. Theycould be compared tomortars. They crusheverything until it’s thecorrect size to be used forsomething.  

Cytoskeleton (animal cell):  The cytoskeleton helps withshape, support andmovement of a cell. It helpsthe cell move in itsenvironment. It can becompared to a chameleonchanging color. Both changea trait to adapt to theenvironment.  

Cilia (animal cell): The surface  of nearly all mammalian cellshave cilia. Motile cilia are  hair-like structures that allowus to breath without irritationby keeping dirt and mucusout of the way. Primary ciliaare also hair-like structuresbut act as sensory antennainstead of keeping the air webreath ‘breathable’. Cilia—motile cilia at least-- can becompared to filters. Theyboth keep the stuff that weneed clean.