Barbardiya Gaurab

PsfO{ @ xfdf| ] ;fdflhs / ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbf 1

!= gu/kflnsfleqsf ;d'bfosf] k|rlnt /Lltl/jfh / k/Dk/f @= cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] hGd tyf d[To' ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro lbg, #= j|taGw, k'6 axf| p ug{] tl/sf / dxTj eGg, $= ljjfx ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro lbg / dxTj eGg, %= kb\\gfxf d]nfsf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L lbg, ^= s[i0fhGdfi6dL, ctjf/L / cgQ/ at| sf] kl/ro / dxTj eGg, &= :yfgLo:t/df kr| lnt d'Vo nfs] uLtdf xfpefp;lxt ufpg / gT[ o ug{ *= :yfgLo :t/df k|tlnt s'g} bO' { nf]safhf ahfpg] cEof; ug{ (= gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;fdflhs , ;f+ :sl[ ts, wfld{s tyf hfltut cj:yfsf] dxTj eGg . !)= xfdf| gu/leqsf wfld{s :ynsf] ;l+ IfKt kl/ro 2

kf7 –! hGd tyf dT[ o' ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro hGd :f+:sf/ yf¿ ;d'bfodf aRrfsf] hGd eO;s]kl5 ;T' s]/L cfdf / aRrfnfO{ ljzi] f sf7] fdf /fVg] ul/G5 . aRrfnfO{ :ofxf/ ugs{ f nflu 3/sf] Pshgf dlxnf / ;'l8gLnfO{ lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . aRrfsf] gfO6f] 5l' §;s]kl5 kfFrf}+ jf ;ftf}+ lbgdf 36jf hg} f sd{ ul/G5 . pQm lbgbl] v ;fdfGo sf]7fdf cfdf / aRrf a:g kfpg] ub5{ g\\ g'xfP/ cfO;s]kl5 3/el/ ;g' kfgL 5lsb{ lbg] tyf aRrfnfO{ gofF n'uf nufOlbg] ub5{ g\\ / aRrfsf] gfd klg ;fx] L lbgdf g} /flvlbg] ul/G5 . o; ;db' fodf aRrf hGdk] l5 e'6]sf] rfdn lk;/] k|;fbsf] ¿kdf s'nb]jtfnfO{ r9fpg] rng 5 . To;nfO{ …7f;p/f k'Hg]Ú elgG5 . ha;Dd aRrfsf] gfO6f] 5'6b\\ }g ta;Dd ;'Ts]/Ln] 5fP] sf] / lx8F ]sf] af6fd] f ;g' kfgL 5sg{ ] rng 5 . aRrf hGd]sf] 56} f+} lbgdf 56} L dgfpg] rng 5 . h;nfO{ …5flQaxL| Ú elgG5 . d[To' ;+:sf/ yf¿ ;d'bfodf s;s} f] dT[ od' f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? h'6/] bj] tf /fVg] sf]7f jf ax/Ldf d[t nf; ;'tfO{ gofF nu' f nufOlbg] tyf skmg cf]9fO{ 5ftLdf lbof] afnL lx/g xfNg] sfd ul/G5 . dflg; d/]kl5 ;feF m jf /fltdf uf8g\\ ] jf hnfpg] ul/bF }g . ;fFem jf /flt uf8\\g] jf hnfpg] xf] eg] csf{] hl' gdf cGwf] eP/ hlGdG5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . dflg;nfO{ d;fg3f6df nh} fFbf 9lsofdf rfdn, bfn, g'g, a];f/, v';fg{ L /fvL lbG5g\\ . h;nfO{ ;fF7 elgG5 . ;f7;Fu} dt[ sn] 3

ko| fu] ug{] JolQmut ;fduL| x¿ ;dt] n}hfg] ul/G5 hLp cg;' f/sf] vf6 pQfgf] kf/L nf; ;t' fO{ ;but ug]{ :yfgdf n}hfg] ul/G5 . To;kl5 ufl] tof/ ;a}n] zj lnO{ ul/ofsf] kl/qmdf ul/G5 / zjnfO{ ul/ofleq /fvL df6f]n] kg' ]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . ul/ofleq za pQ/ lbzfdf l;/fgL u/L dlxnf eP pQfgf] / k'?if eP 3fK] 6f] kf/L ;t' fOG5 . o;a]nf cfPsf ;a}n] d[tsnfO{ df6f] lbg] sfd ul/G5 . yf? ;d'bfodf dflg;sf] d[To' ePdf k'?if xf] eg] !) lbg, dlxnf xf] eg] ( lbg afg]{ rng 5 . rf]lvFbf rf/v§' ] hgfj/ dfg{] rng x'G5 . s;}n] s'v/' f sf6]/ df;' vfP/ rfl] vG5g\\ . rf/v§' ] hgfj/ To;df ljzi] fu/L ;'Ë/' sf6\\g] ul/G5 . d/s] f] dfG5]nfO{ gbL t/{\\g 3f8] f lbPsf] elgG5 . rfl] vg] an] fdf h]–h] kl/sf/ kfs]sf] 5 Tof] ;a} d/s] f] dfG5]nfO{ s'nb]jtf ePsf] sf7] fdf r9fOG5 . h;nfO{ lk6\\tf/ ->f4_ elgG5 . Ps k':tfsf ;a} dl/;s]kl5 hlt uf]q ufl] tof/ 5g\\, ltgLx¿n] clxn;] Dd k|of]u u/]sf df6fsf efF8f, 9lsof, ;'kf,] rf}sL, an] gf, sf7sf r6j' f, 8Anf -8f8÷' klgof] u'G›L k/fnsf] lj8f, sn' bj] tf ;a} gbL jf vf]nfdf kmfnL ;a} gofF agfpF5g\\ h;nfO{ lkF9L pN6fn elgG5 . o; ;d'bfodf d[tssf] nf; nfO{ gbL lsgf/df hnfpg] k/Dk/f 5 hLjgsf] clGtd ;+:sf/ cGTol] i6 ;+:sf/ xf] h;df clUgåf/f bfx;:+ sf/ u//] dt[ s cfTdfnfO{ kljq agfpg'sf] ;fy} lkt[nf]slt/ labf ul/G5 . k|f/Dedf z/L/nfO{ hdLgdf uf8\\g] jf hnfpg] rng gePsf] al' emG5 . bfx;:+ sf/ u/k] l5 afFsL /xs] f] cl:y cjzi] fnfO{ k'gM s'g} kfqdf /fv]/ el\" ddf uf8\\g] klg k|nrg /xs] f] kfO{G5 . 4

kf7 –@ a|taGw tyf ljjfx ;:+ sf/sf] kl/ro at| aGw ;:+ sf/ ;+:st[ efiffdf j|t eGgfn] kl| t1f a'lemG5 eg] aGw eGgfn] aGwg al' emG5. jt| aGwsf] kt| Ls dflgg] hg} u|x0f ug{] wflds{ kl| qmof klg xf.] afnssf] j|taGw kf| o afNofj:yfdf g} ul/G5, afnssf] pd/] * jif{ k\"/f ePkl5 p aX| dro{sf] sd{ lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd dflgG5 / k|fo oxL pd]/df p:sf] jt| aGw ul/G5. To;}n] o; sfo{nfO{ pkgog klg elgG5. j|taGwsf] ljzi] f ;r\" ssf] ¿kdf /x]sf] d0' 8g clg hg} wf/0f k|lqmof /x]sf 5g\\ . sg' } klg lxGb\" wfld{s sfo{df em} j|taGwdf klg xfd] u/e] m} clUg s'08df kh\" fcfhf ul/G5. o; kh\" f cGtu{t afnssf] u?' n] afnsnfO ufoqL dGq ;'gfpF5g\\, h; cGtut{ afnsn] x/]s jif{ u'¿ k\"l0f{dfsf lbg u¿' sf] d'v x]g]{ ub{5g\\. ljjfx ;:+ sf/ kmfu'g dlxgf yf?x¿sf] ljjfxsf] ofd xf] . ljjfxdf b'nxfsf] 3/af6 ;ug' sf] ¿kdf rfdn, bfn, a];f/, g'g, t]n, v';f{gL, b'nxLn] nufpg] r'/f kft] ], nugufF7f] s:g] sk8f, ;'Ë'/sf] ¿kdf Pp6f sf]lkG8f] -yf?df e'?sfx] f/f_ ljjfxsf] ;?' sf] lbg k7fpgk' 5{ . h;nfO{ …rfp/ k/5gÚ elgG5 . ljjfxdf s]6fn] kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;fdfGotM bl] vg] t:jL/df nufPsf] h:tf] bf}/f ;'/jfn nufOG5 . 6fk] L ufGwL 6f]kL x'G5 ljjfxdf b'nxf, 5}jfnj' f / uh' 'jf tLg}hgfn] ufhn, nfnL, kfp8/ nufpg'k5{ . bn' xf b'nxLsf] ufpdF f k'lu;s]kl5 glhss} f] rfs] af6 :jfutsf] nflu snz afs] ]/ lax]df ufOg] uLt ufpbF } b'nxLsf] 3/;Dd hGtLsf] :jfut ul/G5 . clg b'nxfnfO{ b'nxLsf] s'nb]jtf ePsf] sf7] fdf nluG5 . ToxfF klg b'nxf / 5j} fn'jfnfO{ ufhn, nfnL, kfp8/ nufO{ cfb/ u5{g\\ . Pp6f ;fgf] aRrfnfO{ b'nxfsf] sfvdf /flvG5 h;nfO{ sf]/fjfO7fO elgG5 . df;sf] bfnaf6 ksfp/Lh:t} sr' /Ls a/Lo eGg] kl/sf/ agfOG5 . b'nxf / b'nxLnfO{ sn' b]jtfsf] sf7] fdf a;fn]/ vfgf vj' fOG5 . To;kl5 s6] flt/sf dflg;x¿n] s]6Llt/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ kf]ns] f] cfn'sf] r6gL v'jfp5F g\\ . To;nfO{ …/uHhfÚ elgG5 . 5

s]6LnfO{ k'¥ofpg cfpg] s6] Lx¿nfO{ kbfn]xf/L elgG5 . pgLx¿sf] v'§f s6] flt/sf s]6Lx¿n] w'gk' 5{ . 3/leq ;Lw}F b'nxLnfO{ b'nxfsf] sn' bj] tf ePsf] sf7] fdf nu/] b'nxLn] b'nxfsf] v'§fdf as' 'jf nufpg'k5{ . as' j' f tf/] L e'6]/, dy] L xfn]/ l9sLdf sl' 6Psf] kl/sf/ xf] . ljjfxdf b'nxf / bn' xLsf] z/L/ as' 'jfn] dfln; u/]/ g'xfpgk' 5{ . s'nbj] tf ePsf] sf]7fdf s6] Ln] Ps /ft latfpgk' 5{ . pm;Fu - nfsfG] bL_ b'nxLsf] :ofxf/ ug]{, efph\" jf kmk' \" x'G5 . ToxL sf]7fdf csf{] laxfg cfˆgf] dfOtLaf6 nufPsf] ;a} n'uf kms' fP/ s6] f kIfn] lbPsf] n'uf nufpgk' 5{ . s]6LnfO{ /ftel/ s]6flt/sf dflg;n] uLtaf6 ufnL u5{g\\ . ctL{ pkb]z lbG5g\\ . laxfg p7\\g] lalQs} b'nxLn] gofF r'nf]df cfuf] afNgk' 5{ . uf]7df uP/ clnslt uf]a/ kmfNg'k5{ . wf/faf6 clnslt kfgL eg'k{ 5{ . csf]{ lbg b'nxL cfˆgf] dfOtLdf cfO{ ;'/x'jf, efG;l/of gwl] /of / cfˆgf] gft]bf/nfO{ labf ug'{k5{ . o;/L ljjfx ;DkGg xG' 5 . 6

kf7 –# :yfgLo ;d'bfosf ljleGg rf8kj{x? s[i0fhGdfi6dLM o;df s6] Lx¿ jt| a;L ;G' b/ j/ / 3/sf] ;'v zflGtsf] sfdgf u5{g\\ . sg' } Pp6f 3/sf] b]xf/L -wfg /fVg] df6fs] f] efsf/L_ jf leQfdf si[ 0fnLnfsf ljleGg lrq sf/] L ufpeF l/sf s]6Lx¿ Ps 7fpdF f hDdf eO{ kh\" f u5{g\\ . kh\" fdf Tof] jif{ h'g kmn vfPsf] 5}g, ToxL b'O{ cf]6f kmndf l;Gb'/l6sL cfˆgf] sn' b]jtfsf] sf]7fdf /fvL Psl5g kl5 h'g 3/df ci6dLsf] nflu lrq s'lF bPsf] 5, Tof] 3/df pgLx¿ ;femf kh\" f u/L /ftel/ s[i0fsf] hGdb]lv o'jf cj:yf;Ddsf] uLt ufpF5g\\ . lrlrG8fsf] gfO6f] dfgL lrlrG8f sf6L Tof] fO{ k\"hf u/L vfgf vfG5g\\ . j|tel/ h]–h] vfOG5 Tof] ;a} Ps Ps u/L 5'6o\\ fp5F g\\ / Tof] 56' \\ofPsf] efunfO{ ljjfx ePsf] r]nLsf] 3/df pkxf/ lbG5g\\ . h;nfO{ …lg;/fpÚ elgG5 . lrlrG8f / lbof] lnP/ ;ah} gf gbL jf vf]nfdf uO{ tLg, kfrF , ;ft cf]6f aQL afnL gbLdf aufp5F g\\ . ctaf/L ebf} dlxgfsf] klxnf] cfOtaf/ s]6fx¿ jt| a:5g\\ . s6] fx¿ jt| al;;s]kl5 cGbLsf] /f]6L cfkm+} ksfO vfG5g\\ . of] j|t s]6fx¿ b'O{rfl] 6 a:b5g,\\ bf];f| ] ebf} dlxgfsf] aLrdf of] dxfef/tdf n8fOF xFb' f eLdn] xtf/df Pslt/af6 dfq /f]6L ksfP/ vfPsf] k;| Ëdf al;G5 . To;/L g} of] kjd{ f /f6] L Psflt/af6 dfq ksfP/ vfOG5, csf]{ lbg ljjfx ePsf] r]nLsf] 3/df pkxf/ k7fOG5 . cGfQ/ of] ebf} dlxgfsf] cGtlt/ a:5g\\ . s[i0f lx8F s] f] pknIodf / ;G' b/ >LdtL, wg bfn} t / ;G' b/ kq' kf| Kt ugs{ f] nflu s]6fx¿ j|t a:b5g\\ . ufpeF l/sf s6] fx¿ Ps 3/df hDdf eO{ kh\" f u/L Tof] lbg gfrufg klg ub5{ g\\ . b;+} 7

b;}df yf? ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ cfˆgf s'nbj] tfx¿nfO{ k\"hf ub{5g\\ . lkt[ lbG5g\\ . >f4 lbG5g\\ . jifs{ f] Psrf]l6 hdf/f x/' 8'ªu'jf gfr ;'? x'G5 . o;df b]jL bj] tf, dfofkL| lt, k/bz] uPsf cfˆgf] nfU] gs] f] ljof]usf] uLt x'G5 . ci6dLsf] lbg lwsf/L, jfd/Lsf] km'n, ufO{sf] b\"w r9fp5F g\\ eg] gjdLsf] lbg cfˆgf] sn' b]jtfnfO{ efn] rNnf, kfy] L ;'Ë'/, e]8f, afvf| , xf;F r9fO{ k/' fgf] s'nb]jtf x6fO{ gofF sn' b]jtf /fVb5g\\ . csf{] ;fFem ufpeF l/sf dlxnfx¿ sn' b]jtfnfO{ gfrufg;lxt vfn] fdf aufP/ g'xfp5F g\\ . h;nfO{ lktf/ cIf/fOg elgG5 . kT| o]s hgfn] Ps bg' df;,' Ps aft] n /S;L nU5g,\\ ;a} Ps 7fpdF f ld;fp5F g\\ . clg Ps hgfn] ;an} fO{ afF8/] vfg lbOG5 . Tof] /ftel/ j83/sf] 3/df gfrufg u/L /dfpF5g\\ . csf{] laxfg kT| os] 3/af6 Ps aft] n /S;L hd/f lnP/ Pp6f dlxnf Pp6f k'?if j83/sf] 3/df j83/nfO{ 6Lsf nU5g\\ . ;fdl' xs gfrufg u5{g\\ h;nfO{ hd/f nufpg] elgG5 . b]jf/L÷cdcf;] -ltxf/_ o;df yf? ;db' fosf dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] sn' b]jtf / cfFug, nfx/Lo, hftF f,] l9sL, 9f]sf cfFugdf lbof] afnL, lwsf/L /f]6L, df;' /S;L vfO{ of] rf8 dgfOG5 . nIdLk\"hfsf] lbg ufO{ uf?] nfO{ ds,} gg' vj' fpg] rng 5 . ltxf/el/ cfˆgf] 3/sf] ;fdfg csf{] 3/df lbFb}gg\\ . df3L of] yf?sf] cflys{ jif{sf] ;'?cft klg xf] . bfh,' efO 5l' 6gnfO{ klg df3L dfg]kl5 5'l6G5g\\ . o;df jif{el/ s]–s] sfd eP cfˆgf] 3/b]lv lnP/ ;dfhsf] l;x+ fjnfs] g ul/G5 . ufpsF f] j83/, cuj' f, rf}sLbf/ kmnfdsf] ;dfg agfpg] nf]xf/, n'uf l;nfpg], ufpeF l/sf dflg; Ps 7fpdF f a;/] 5nkmn ub5{ g\\ . lrQ ae' m] ToxL 8

JolQmnfO{ j83/ /fV5g\\ . lrQ gae' m] csf]{ rG' 5g\\ . rf}sLbf/, kmnfdsf] ;fdfg agfpg] nf]xf/, nu' f l;pgn] ] Hofnf a9fpg] / 36fpg] ;do klg Toltan] f ul/G5 . df3 ! ut] /flt glhssf] vfn] f jf gbLdf g'xfO{ rfdn, k;} f, km\"n gbLdf jf dlGb/ jf 3/df /flvPsf] 9Ë' fdf r9fO{ 3/df uP/ rfdn cfˆgf] lgwf/df 6fF;L tLgrfl] 6 bO' { xft hf]8/] tLgrfl] 6 Pp6f xftn] rfdn lgsflnG5 . o;f] ubf{ jife{ l/ u/s] f] kfk gf; xg' ] ljZjf; 5 . Tof] rfdn ljjfx ePsf] r]nL jf 3/df dfUg cfPsf dflg;nfO{ lbOG5 . Tof] lbg ;fgfn] 7\"nf;] Fu v§' f jf xftdf wfu] L cfzLjfb{ lnG5g\\ . df3Lsf] uLt ufO{ gfrufg klg ul/G5 . g'xfO;s]kl5 ltnnfO{ cfuf]df /fvL cfuf] tflkG5 . o;f] ubf{ ltn hltsf] dl;gf] kfk klg gfz x'g] ljZjf; 5 . pgLx¿ u]hL, tf8n, ltnsf] n•', ;'ªu'/sf] df;', l9sf/L vfG5g\\ . 3f]uL, l;›f, /S;L, hf8 vfG5g\\ . 3/ 3/df uO{ df3L dgfpbF 5g\\ . jif{el/ af]nrfn ePsf] 5}g eg] klg Tof] lbgb]lv af]Ng yfN5g\\ . xf]nL ufpFel/sf s6] f a9' fkfvfx¿ Pp6f lglZrt 7fpFdf xfl] nsf hnfp5F g\\ . xf]lnsf hnfpgsf] nflu ;nfO{ jf nfO6/sf] ko| f]u ul/F+b}g . ufgLo/L eGg] Pp6f sf7df 3if{0faf6 cfuf] lgsfnL ToxL cfuf]af6 xf]sfnL hnfpF5g\\ . Tof] xfl] nsf lgefpg csf]{ laxfg Ps 3/af6 Pshgf dlxnf nf6] fdf kfgL, ufOs{ f] b\"w, xf]lnsf hnfPsf] v/fgL, Ps dfgf rfdn, l;psf] s'rf] lnP/ xf]nLsf] uLt ufpFb} Tof] v/fgLdf rfdn kfgL 5s{G5g\\ . ;ah} gf ufpeF l/sf ;femf b]jtfsf] kh\" f u/L, vfgf vfO;s]kl5 dlxnfx¿ ufpsF f e›enfbdL Jofkf/L, lzIfs k;} f dfUb5g\\ . bO' { lbg;Dd ;a}hgf ldn]/ vfG5g,\\ uLt ufpF5g\\ . 9

kf7 –$ :yfgLo g[To tyf uLtx?sf] kl/ro c_ g[To ÷ Gffr efiff ;:+ s[ltsf wgL :yfgLo yf? hftLx? k/Dk/fut¿kdf k/fk\"j{sfnbl] v cfˆg} ;dfh / kl/jz] df /dfpg] tyf dgf]/~hg ug{] ub{5g\\ . lzsf/ ug{], gfrufg ug]{ tyf vt] LkftLdf ljz]if u/L cfj4 oL hfltsf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] cfˆg} cl:tTj tyf dfl} nstf /xs] f] 5 . dtjfnL hfltsf] ¿kdf ;dt] kl/lrt of] hflt cfˆg} 3/df agfO{ kl/sf/ vfg] / kfx'gf ;Tsf/df /dfpg] ub{5 . dgf]/~hgsf nflu ljzi] f lsl;dn] cfˆg} ufp3F / ;dfhdf gfrufg ug]{ / dgf]/~hg lng] k|rng 5 . g]kfndf a;fa] f; ug{] sl/a Ps ;o kRrL; hfthfltdWo] efiff, ;+:sl[ tsf] wgL dflgg] yf¿ hfltsf] dgf/] ~hgsf ;fwg tyf ;+:s[ltcGtut{ ljzi] f u/L gfr cyjf gT[ osf af/]df oxfF ;fdfGo rrf{ ul/Psf] 5. != em'df| gfrM emd' f| gfr yf¿ hfltdf k|rlnt Ps nfs] g[To xf] . of] gfFr vf;u/L bz}+ ltxf/sf] an] f gflrG5 . t/ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / ljzi] f sfo{qmddf o;sf] k|of]u hlta]nf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn,] b'O{hgf gfRg] dlxnf / Pshgf gSsnstf{ -hfs] /_ /x]sf] x'G5 . of] gfr vf;u/L s} nfnL, s~rgk'/, albo{ f / b]pv/' Ldf a9L k|rngdf 5 . of] gfrnfO{ :yfgsf] leGgtf cg';f/ e'd/L, em'd/f, emd' /, 3'd/ / w'd/f cflbn] lrlgG5 . of] gfrdf b'O{ tkm{af6 cfnfk] fnf] u/L uLt klg ufOG5 . dlxnf dlxnfsf] aLrdf / k'?if k'?ifsf] aLrdf klg of] gfr+ gflrg] k|rng 5 . dfbn,] gfRgd] lxnf / hf]s/sf] k|d'v e\"ldsf /xG5 . 10

@= ;lvof gfrM vf;u/L klZrdf yf¿x¿df ;aeGbf j9L kr| ngdf /xs] f] gfr xf], Ú;lvofÚ . of] gfr bz}+ / ltxf/df dfq} gflrP tfklg cfjZos k/s] f] an] f ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf dgf]/~hgsf] nflu gflrG5 . of] gfrsf] yfngL s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbgb]lv x'G5 . of] gfrdf k\"0f{tof s[i0f nLnf ;DaGwL uLt ufOg] ul/G5 . s6] f / s6] L b'j} ldnL ul/g] o; gfrdf bi' 6fTdfsf] eljtJoaf6 arfpgsf] nflu Pshgf u?' jfsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] x'G5 . uLt l;sfpg] Pshgf dV' o u?' - h;nfO{ yf? efiffdf Údf]lxGofÚ elgG5_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . u?' n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ csf{] k+lQmdf l;sfpg] Ps hgf Úk5ufl] xofÚ cyf{t\\ ;xfos u?' sf] Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . dfbn ahfpg] dWo] PshgfnfO{ …cu'jf dbl/ofÚ -cuj' f dfbn]_ / Pshgf Úk5'jf dbl/ofÚ -k5fl8sf] dfbn]_ sf] Joj:yf ;dt] ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfrsf] cEof; vf;u/L ;feF msf] a]nf vfgf vfO;sk] l5 ul/G5 . z¿' sf] lbg km;Ls{ f] kft xftdf lnP/ gflrG5 eg] bf]>f] lbgbl] v sl/a Ps xKtfb]lv kG„lbg;Dd ;gkf6sf] kms' f{ agfO{ gflrG5 . To;kl5 ;fgf vfn] dlGh/f -efn_ ahfpFb} gflrG5 . o; gfrdf s[i0f nLnfsf] uLt ufOG5 eg] dgf/] ~hgsf] nflu k+}of -k}wf/_ cg';f/ gfRg] ul/G5 . of] gfr Ps ;fn gfrk] l5 sDtLdf tLg÷kfrF ;fn;Dd nuftf/ gfRg' kg]{ x'G5 . #= n¶xjf gfrM b'a} xftdf Ps jf bO' {6f n¶L lnP/ dfbnsf] tfndf gflrg] gfrnfO{ n¶xjf gfr elgG5 . gfr yf¿ ;d'bfosf] Psbd kr| lnt gfr xf] . b'O{ jf rf/hgf dfbn] tyf hf]8fbf/ ;V+ ofdf gfRgx] ¿ /xg] ub5{ g\\ . klxn] klxn] s6] fx¿ dfq gfRb} cfPsf] o; gfr cfhefl] n cljjflxt s6] Lx¿ klg gfRg yfn]sf 5g\\ . o; gfrdf uLt x'bF }g, dfq dfbnsf] tfndf xftdf n¶L lnP/ cfsif{s 9u+ n] gflrG5 . 11

of] gfr klg bzs}+ f] an] f gfRg] ul/P tfklg ljz]if pT;j ;df/f]x cl3kl5 klg gflrG5 . o; gfrsf nflu gfr d08nLsf] Ps hgf cuj' f / Ps hgf k5'jf /xg] ub5{ g\\ . ;fy} gfr 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ g/fdf| ] xg' af6 hf]ufpgsf nflu Pshgf u?' jf -dGq hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfr klg ;lvof h:t} z'¿ u/k] l5 sDtLdf klg tLg ;fn gfRg'kg]{ x'G5 . $= xb' {jf gfrM Psbd hf]lznf] eP/ sfn] fxnkj\" {s uLt / g[Tosf] tfndf dgf/] ~hgfy{ gflrg] Ps ljzi] f yf¿ nfs] g[TonfO{ x'b{jf gfr elgG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf gfRg], Ps hgf dfbn] / Pshgf xf:o snfsf/ -;f]ª\\of_ /xg] Joj:yf 5 . o; gfrdf cfnf]kfnf] b'O{ 6fn] L aLr uLt ufOG{ 5 . Ps kIf uLt ;?' jft - p7fg_ ug{] xG' 5 eg] csf]{ kIf p;n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ bf]xfG] ofP/ ufpg] ul/G5 . o; gfrdf pk|mL pk|mL gts{ x¿ gfRb5g\\ . o; gfrdf eujfg\\ >L /fdn] /fj0fdfly ljho k|fKt u/s] f] v'l;ofnLdf eJo¿kdf b]jtfsf] ;lrq j0fg{ u/L gfrsf] sd{ ul/G5 . k|foM ;a} yf¿ ;d'bfodf o;sf] nfs] lko| tf eP tfklg ljzi] f afsF ,] albo{ f / s}nfnLdf o;sf] kr| ng 5 . ^= d3f}6f -df3L_ gfrM yf¿x¿sf] ;a}eGbf 7\"nf] rf8 tyf gofF jif{sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] df3] ;q+ mflGtdf of] gfr ul/G5 . o; gfr o'jf oj' tLx¿ ;o+ 'Qm ¿kdf ug{] ub5{ g\\ . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn] / b'O{ hgf;Dd gfRg] -gt{sL_ /xG5g\\ . o;df s]6f / s6] Lsf] b'O{ kIf x'G5 / uLtsf] bf]xf]/L rNg] ub{5 . d3f6} f gfr a/3l/ofsf] 3/af6 z'¿ eP/ ufpsF f ;a} ls;fgsf] 3/df gflrG5 . gfra] fkt gfr 6f]nLn] kT| o]s 3/af6 rfdn, vfg]s'/f / blIf0ff lng] ub5{ g\\ . o; gfrdf ufOg] uLtdf vf; u/L s]6f / s]6L aLrsf] dfof kL| ltsf] ;+jfb /x]sf] x'G5 . o; gfrdf s6] Lx¿ Ps} 8;«] df /xG5g\\ eg] s]6fx¿ klg e/;s Ps 8;]« df cfpg] ub{5g\\ k|foM cfhsn s]6fx¿ 8«];df geP klg s6] Lx¿ rflxF clgjfo{ ¿kdf 8«];df x'G5g\\ . of] gfr lbpF;f] / ;fFemsf] a]nf gflrG5 . Pp6} ufpdF f ljleGg ;dx\" agfO{ of] gfr gflrG5 . a9' fkfsfx¿ ;d]t cfˆgf] ;d\"x agfO{ gfr]/ dgf/] ~hg ug]{ ub{5g\\ . &= asf{ gfrM 12

yf¿ ;db' fodf Pl] txfl;s dxTj /fVg] o; gfrdf dxfef/tsf] syf j:t'nfO{ ;d6] ]/ gflrg] ul/G5 . cGo gfrsf] tn' gfdf o; gfr 6fn] Ldf ;ae} Gbf a9L ;b:ox¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . ;a}hgf k?' if dfq /xg] o; gfr 6fn] Ldf ;o eGbf a9L jf ;f] sf] xf/fxf/Ldf gfRgx] ¿ /xg] ub5{ g\\ . of] gfr w]/} lbg;Dd gflrG5 . To;}n] klg o;nfO{ jsf{ gfr elgPsf] xf]. of] gfr klg ljz]if u/L bz}+sf] an] f g} ul/G5 . of] gfr ;a} ufpFdf ;lhn} ug]{ lxDdt ul/bF }g . o; gfr ugs{ f nflu cflys{ ef/ a9L, tGq dGqsf] k|z:t 1fg, w]/} ;b:o / k|lta4tfsf] h¿/t kb{5 . ;fy} yf¿ dxfef/t syfsf] 1fg x'g' klg h¿/L x'G5 . o; gfr ;DkGg ug{sf nflu k|d'v u?' jf -d'Vo_ dGq ug{] JolQm_ / ;xfos u?' jf -;xfos 6g' fd'gf hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . dfbnx] ¿ Pshgf cu'jf, Pshgf k5'jf x'gs' f ;fy} cGo w/] } ;xfos dfbn] klg xG' 5g\\ . gfRgx] ¿ klg k?' if / dlxnfsf] klx/gdf b'O{ yl/sf x'G5g\\ . o; gfrdf dlxnf kIfn] ›fk] bLsf] el\" dsf lgefp5F g\\ . gfRg] qmddf ;aeGbf j9L hf]lvd klg o;} kIfnfO{ /xs] f] x'G5 . gfRg] qmddf bi' 6fTdfn] ;aeGbf klxn] o;} kIfnfO{ cfqmd0f ub{5 . o; gfr gfRg] qmddf nfdf] 7\"nf] afF;sf] vfFaf] 78\\ofO{ To;dfly nfx] f6] f em'08\\ofOPsf] xG' 5 . of] gfFr yf¿ ;d'bfoaf6 lj:tf/} nf]k x'Fb} uO/xs] f] 5 . *= s73f/] L gfFrM yf¿ ;d'bfosf] ljlrq gfrsf] ¿kdf klxrfg sfod u/s] f] o; gfrdf afF;sf] 3f8] fsf] cfsf/ agfO{ To;nfO{ gts{ x¿n] cfˆgf] sfFwdf le//] dfbnsf] tfndf gfRg] ub5{ g\\ . of] gfr z'¿ ug'e{ Gbf klxn] u'?jfx¿ ljleGg yl/sf k\"hfkf7 u/L anL r9fpg] ub5{ g\\ . ;fy} o; gfrdf gfr 6f]nL htf htf hfG5 p;sf] k5fl8 k5fl8 u?' jf clgjfo{ ¿kdf lx8F \\g' kg{] xG' 5 . yf¿ hfltdf lgs} k|rlnt cj:yfdf /x]sf] of] gfrsf] pbe\\ j ef/tsf] d›f;sf] t+hf}/ lhNnfaf6 ePsf] dflgG5 . of] gfr klg vf; u/L bz+s} f] a]nf gflrG5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf klg gflrg] ul/G5 . gfr 6f]nLdf b'O{ jf rf/ hgf dfbn] / 5 of cf7sf] ;+Vofdf gfRgx] ¿ xG' 5g\\ . o; gfrdf ;a} dfbn] / gfRg]x¿ k'?if /xs] f xG' 5g\\ . o;df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /xFb}g . xfn of] gfr klg lj:tf/} nfk] x'g] cj:yflt/ 5. :yfgLo g[To tyf uLtx?sf dxTj 13

➢ ;fdflhs Pstf / ;be\\ fj alnof] x'G5 . ➢ ;:+ sl[ t Ps k':tfaf6 csf{] k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lhnf] xG' 5 . ➢ :yfgLo nf]sgfrsf] klxrfg / ;+/If0f xG' 5 . ➢ ljZj;fd' kl/lrt x'g] cj;/ k|fKt xG' 5 . ➢ ljljwtfdf Pstf sfod x'G5 . ➢ dfl} ns klxrfg sfod /xG5 . ➢ ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds ;Gbz] k|jfx xG' 5 . ➢ wfld{s tyf ;fdflhs ;lxi0ft' f a95\\ . kb\\gfxf d]nfsf] Pl] txfl;s dxTjsf] 5f6] f] hfgsf/L 14

c_ uLt != ;hgf of] uLt 3/eGbf aflx/ sfd ug{ hfFbf jf s'g} v';LofnL kj{df klg dgnfO{ cfgGb lbgsf nflu nfdf] :j/ df ufpg] ul/G5 . ljz]if u/L r}t j}zfvb]lv ebf} dlxgf;Dd ufpg] rng /x]sf] 5 . h7] c;f/ sxL dlxgf/]==P vt] LkftLs lbgjf . cl/xf] /rL /rL /L 5t/L lag}xf], gxL t lkxf lehjf] .. cnxL af;F sf6L wlgof /]====P=== d} sldof l;t}a' cl/xf] /rL /rL 5t/L lag}a' t'lxg s] cfå] i} f' @= cli6DsLs uLt of] si[ 0f hGdfi6dLsf] /fltdf hfu/fd a;]sf] an] fdf ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf ufpg] ul/G5 . o;df ;l[ i6sf] af/]df zAbx¿ l;hg{ f ul/Psf xG' 5g\\ . klxnt l;/Lhn /L hnyn w/tL . bf];/ t l;/Lhn /L sz' sxL bfj .. lt;/t l;/Lhn /L ;ax'F lbptf. rf/Lsf]g lbptF f h] km'njf nun} | rf/Lsf]g lbptF f kmn' jf nu}n . ;axF' lbptf h] lnxn km'n af; .. #= ;lvof uLt of] uLt cli6DsLsf] uLtdf ;lv/ y]uf] hf]8]/ ufOg] uLt xf] b;F}df cljjflxt yf¿ oj' tLx¿ ufpFsf] a83/ jf dxtfafsf] cfuF gdf ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf gfRbf ufpg] u5{g\\ . k'?ifx¿ dfbn ahfpg] / o'jtLx¿ xftdf dlh/f -dh' '/f_ lnP/ gfRbf of] uLt ufOG5 . sfh] hf;' t} a}7L la;}7o\\ f ;lv/==== df/] nfu hf;' etsL etf}/f l/emf .. t/ w/n cu'gL pk/ w/n sy'gL / . ;lv/ hf;s' cfuL a/n udfud .. $= dfuF / of] yf¿ hfltx¿sf] ljjfxsf] a]nfdf ufpg] uLt xf]. o;nfO{ ef]hxf uLt klg elgG5 . bj] bj] do/ df]/ ls dy l;/ kluof dO{ rnL h}a ls wgL / laofx .. bj] bj] do/ df]/ ls cu sxL c+luof dO{ rnL ha} ' ls wgL / ljofx .. dy l;/ kluof xf] do/L w'ldn xf]O{ u}n . wf]aLof ;] do/L ls nfgf] /L wj' fO{ .. 15

kf7 –% :yfgLo nf]safhf kl/ro != dfbn -dGb/f_ yf¿ hfltx¿sf] k|d'v afhf dGb/f - dfbn_ xf] . h;nfO{ kf| oM l8x'/f/ b]ptfsf] yfg ePsf] sf7] fdf emG' 8fP/ /flvG5 sf7, 5fnf, 5fnfsf] 8f]/L / b'jk} l§sf] efu v/L nufP/ agfPsf] x'G5 . @= al;of -afF;/' L_ 3/eGbf aflx/ sfdsfh ug{ hfbF f, ;hgf d}gf uLt ufpFbf, uLt;uF w'g ;dfof]hg ugs{ f nflu al;of -afF;/' L_ ahfpg] ul/G5 . af;F sf] dl;gf 9f]uL| df 7fpF 7fpdF f dl;gf] Kjfn kf/L x'OuL| sf] Psfkl§ cln 7'nf] Kjfn agfO{ sf7sf] lasf{] nufP/ agfOG5 of] afhf cf7] n] kms' ]/ ahfpg] ul/G5 . #= dlh/f sfF; wft'n] ags] f] xG' 5 . h;df kmG' gf ePsf] 8f]/L nufPsf] x'G5 o;nfO{ Ps cfkf;df 7fS] sfP/ ahfOG5 $= s:tf/ sf7, kmnfdsf] dl;gf] /8 / kftnf] j[Qfsf/ dl;gf] kftfn] ag]sf] xG' 5 xftsf] cfn+} fdf /fvL Ps cfk;df 7f]SsfP/ / xNnfP/ ahfpg] ul/G5 . %= r6v\\ f}nL of] sf7nfO{ tf5L kGy' cfsf/sf] agfO{ / b'Oc{ f]6f p;sf] kftnf] efudf Kjfn hf8] ]/ agfOG5 . ^= lkËL| of] ;–;fgf s]6fs]6Låf/f cfksf] vfo] f]af6, df6f]af6, wfgsf] 8f7F cflbaf6 agfOG5 lkË|L ahfP/ dgf]/~hg lng] k/Dk/f /xs] f] 5 . of] cf]7n] km's]/ ahfOG5 16

gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] dxTj gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;+f:sl[ ts cj:yfsf] dxTj efiff ;+:s[ltsf wgL dflgg] yf¿ hfltsf] oL ;+:sf/x¿ lj:tf/} nfk] sf] af6f]df nDs]sf] b]lvG5 . k'vf{x¿n] rnfpbF } cfPsf] rng / k/Dk/fnfO{ cfhsf oj' f k:' tfn] vf;} Wofg glbbF f yf¿ ;:+ sl[ t ;s+ 6df k/s] f] xf] . k9] nv] ]sf lzlIft o'jfx¿ cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{' eGbf klg klZrdf ;:+ s[ltnfO{ a9L cu+ fn]sfn] yf¿sf] ;+:s[lt ;s+ 6df k/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . cfˆgf] klxrfg, cl:tTj / clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf hu]gf{ ug'{ k'vfs{ f] dfq xg} o'jf k':tsf] klg bfloTj / stJ{ o xf] . cfhsf oj' f ju{ o;kl| t ;r]t geP yf?sf] klxrfg ;s+ 6df kg]{ lglZrt 5 gu/kflnsfleqsf] wfld{s cj:yfsf] dxTj gu/kflnsfleqsf] hfltut cj:yfsf] dxTj xfdf| gu/leqsf wflds{ :ynsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro 17

18