Guide to Harvard Referencing

Harvard ReferencingNORTHUMBERLAND COLLEGE

Guide ExplanationWelcome to Northumberland College’s guide to Harvard Referencing.This basic guide is to be used in conjunction with the most recent edition ofCite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide, which can be foundin the LSC.If you do have any questions relating to this guide, please direct them to [email protected]

Aims of this Guide To define Harvard Referencing Apply Harvard Referencing techniques to examples Summarise the importance of correct referencing

Content What is Harvard Referencing? In-text citations Quotes Paraphrasing How to reference common sources Plagiarism Methods of referencing

What is Harvard Referencing? Harvard is a style of referencing. It is used to acknowledge sources that you have used to complete your work.There are two types of citations: In-text citationsIn-text citations are quotations/paraphrased quotes used within the body of your work.Example: “Some learners are kept going by strong support and encouragement…” (Race, 2010,19) Reference ListsThese are featured at the end of your work and include the full details of the sources you have used.Example: Race, P. (2010) Making Learning Happen: A Guide for Post-Compulsory Education. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Why do we need to Reference? It adds support and clarity to your own work and strengthens your argument. Avoids plagiarism. Assists others in locating the sources you have used.

When do we need to Reference? Every time you use somebody else's words or ideas.You can use others words or ideas from a variety of different sources. These sources can be:Books – Journals- Newspapers– Magazines – E-books – WebsitesPictures – Charts – IllustrationsFilms – TV Programmes – Computer Game/programmeEmails – Letters – Songsand so on…



What is an In Text Citation? Within your work, you will need to refer to a variety of sources to back up your argument/points. An in-text citation points the reader in the direction of the sources you have used in your essay. Quoting/paraphrasing from a source requires an acknowledgement to the author. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5igNRmKLug



In-Text Citation – What to Include Introduce the source The quote/paraphrase Authors Name Date Page Numbers If you are not quoting/paraphrasing but just referring to a specific source, you do not need page numbers.



What is a Quote? A quote is using the authors words within your own work. Within the text, you will indicate the quote using “quotation” marks.

Quotes Example The quote…“Summaries are reduced versions of longer messages or texts.” (Cottrell, 2005, p.55). To use a quote effectively, you must introduce the quote in the body of the text.According to Cottrell, “Summaries are reduced versions of longer messages or texts.”(Cottrell, 2005, p.55).

What is Paraphrasing? Paraphrasing is using your source material and putting it into your own words. You do not need to use quotation marks.

Paraphrasing Example The quote…“In academic contexts, ‘criticism’ refers to an analysis of positive features aswell as negative ones” (Cottrell, 2005, p.8). The paraphrase…Criticism, in an academic context, is used in a positiveand negative way. (Cottrell, 2005).

In Text Citation Activity http://ist.glos.ac.uk/referencing/harvard/activity.html



Cite Them Right The next few slides can be used in conjunction with the newest version of Note: This is not Cite Them Right. an exhaustive list. Please see Using Cite Them Right will further guide and develop your Harvard Referencing knowledge. the newest version of Cite Cite Them Write displays the correct use of punctuation and typographical them Right for emphasis (italics etc). further clarification.

Use this checklist to help you proofreadyour reference list

How to Reference a Book? – One Author“Citation Order:Author/EditorYear of Publication (in round brackets)Title (in italics)Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)Place of Publication: publisherSeries and Volume Number (where relevant)” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp21)

How to Reference a Book? – Two Authors By using the previous slide as a guideline, a book with two authors is set out in the following way: “Goddard, J. and Barrett, S. (2007) The Heath Needs of Young People Leaving Care. Norwich: University of East Anglia, School of Social Work and Psychosocial Studies.” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp21)

How to Reference a Book? – More than two Authors With books with more than 3 authors, the in-text citation changes from mentioning all the authors names to using the abbreviation et al (meaning ‘and others’ in latin. This is to make it easier to read.For example:“This was proved by Young et al. (2005).”What it will say on the reference list:“Young, H.D., Freedman, R.A., Sandin, T. and Ford, A. (2005) Sears and Zemansky’sUniversity Physics. 10th edn. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley.” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp21)

Components of a Book ReferenceComma Full Stop Edition of book (if Place of Publisher applicable) Publication Title of book in italicsBell, J. (2010) Doing your Research Project. Fifth Edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Full Stop Full Stop Colon Full StopAuthors Date in bracketsSurnameFirst name initial

How to reference Chapters of EditedBooks?“Citation Order:Author of the chapter/section (surname followed by initials)Year of publication (in round brackets)Title of chapter/section (in single quotation marks)‘in’ plus author/editor of bookTitle of book (in italics)Place of publication: publisherPage reference” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp25)

Components of a Chapter Reference (edited books)Comma Full Stop Single quotation mark Place of Page no. Publication Publisher Title of chapter Ed in brackets (editor)Franklin, A.W. (2012) ‘Management of the Problem’, in Smith, S.M. (ed) The Maltreatment of Children. Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83-95. Single quotation mark Comma Full Stop Colon Full Stop Date in bracketsAuthors Title of book in italics CommaSurnameFirst name & Editors surname, first name & Middle name initialMiddle name initial

How to Reference an E-Book? “When an ebook liked like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, you should reference as a printed book...Citation order:Author/editorYear of publication (in round brackets)Title of book (in italics)Place of publication: publisher” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp22)

Components of an E-book ReferenceComma Full Stop Edition of book (if Place of Publisher applicable) Publication Title of book in italicsBell, J. (2010) Doing your Research Project. Fifth Edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Full Stop Full Stop Colon Full StopAuthors Date in bracketsSurnameFirst name initial

How to Reference a Journal?“Citation order:Author (surname followed by initials)Year of publication (in round brackets)Title of article (in single quotation marks)Title of journal (in italics- capitalise first letter of each word in title,except for linking words such as and, of, the, for)Issue information, that is, volume (unbracketed) and, where applicable,part number, month or season (all in round brackets).Page Referencedoi (if available)” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp30-31)

Components of a Journal ReferenceComma Full StopShirazi, T. (2010) ‘Successful Teaching Placements in Secondary Schools: Achieving OTS Practical Title of articleFirst name Single quotation mark Page numbersinitials Volume & issue no. Doi (if available)Author Date inSurname bracketsHandbooks’, European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(3), pp.323-326. doi:10.1080/02619761003602246. Title of Journal in italics Comma Comma Full Stop Full Stop Comma

How to Reference a Magazine Article?“Citation order:Author (surname followed by initials)Year of publication (in round brackets)Title of article (in single quotation marks)Title of Magazine (in italics- capitalise first letter of each word in title,except for linking words such as and, of, the, for)Issue information, that is, volume (unbracketed) and, where applicable,part number, month or season (all in round brackets).Page Referencedoi (if available)” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp30-31)

How to Reference a Magazine Article?Authors (Date in Magazine Title CommaSurname brackets) in italics Full Stop Authors Initial Title of Article Bletcher, K. (2012) ‘Matters of the Heart’, Heart Matters (August/September), pp. 9-11. Comma Comma Issue Page Full Stop Information in number(s) Single brackets Quotation Page number Marks

How to Reference a Newspaper?“Where the author (byline) of a newspaper article is identified, use the followingcitation order:Author/bylineYear of publication (in round brackets)Title of article (in single quotation marks)Title of newsletter (in italics – capitalise first letter of each word in title,except for linking words such as and, of, the, for)Edition if required (in round brackets)Day and monthPage reference” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp31-32)

How to Reference a Newspaper?Authors Date in Title of Article Title of Publication dateSurname brackets Newspaper in Full Stop italics Full StopMansell, W. and Bloom, A. (2012) ‘£10,000 Carrot to Tempt Physics Experts’, The Guardian, 20 June, p. 5.Comma Authors Single Quotation Marks Comma Comma Page Initial numberNote: There are two authors in this example

How to Reference a Website?There are various ways to cite a website. Here is one example where theauthor is known. Check out the newest edition of Cite Them Right for furtherexamples.“Citation order:AuthorYear that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)Title of web page (in italics)Available at: URL(Accessed: date)” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp67)

How to Reference a Website?Author Date in Brackets Where you can access the info Date you access the info in brackets Authors InitialsBurton, P.A. (2012) Castles of Spain. Available at: http://www.castlesofspain.co.uk/ (Accessed: 14 October 2015). Full Stop Full Stop Colon URL Brackets Full StopComma Title in italics

How to Reference a TV Programme?“Citation order:Title of Programme (in italics)Year of Broadcast (in round brackets)Name of ChannelBroadcast date (day/month)” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp75)

How to Reference a TV Programme?Title of the programme Channel Broadcast datein italicsThe Apprentice (2012) BBC One Television, 23 June.Year of broadcast Comma Full stopIn brackets

How to Reference Films?“Citation order:Title of programme (in italics)Year of broadcast (in round brackets)Directed by[FILM]Place of distribution: distribution company” Pears & Shields, (2013, pp71)

How to Reference a Film?Title of film Director Medium Place of DistributionIn italics Distribution CompanyFahrenheit 9/11 (2004) Directed by Michael Moore [Film]. Santa Monica, Calif: Lions Gate Films. Year of distribution Comma Full stop in brackets Square Bracket Colon Full stop

What’s the Difference? What is a reference list?A reference list is the full details of all the sources cited within your assignment. What is a bibliography?A bibliography is a list of the all sources that you accessed whilst in the process of researchingyour assignment, even if you haven’t cited them in your work.As each course is different, please check with your tutor to see if you need to include abibliography as well as a reference list.

What does a Reference List Look Like? In Bell, J. (2010) Doing your Research Project. Fifth Edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.Alphabetical Order Bletcher, K. (2012) ‘Matters of the Heart’, Heart Matters (August/September), pp. 9-11 Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) Directed by Michael Moore [Film]. Santa Monica, Calif: Lions Gate Films. Franklin, A.W. (2012) ‘Management of the Problem’, in Smith, S.M. (ed) The Maltreatment of Children. Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83-95. Mansell, W. and Bloom, A. (2012) ‘£10,000 Carrot to Tempt Physics Experts’, The Guardian, 20 June, p. 5. Shirazi, T. (2010) ‘Successful Teaching Placements in Secondary Schools: Achieving OTS Practical Handbooks’, European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(3), pp.323-326. doi:10.1080/02619761003602246. The Apprentice (2012) BBC One Television, 23 June. Remember, the reference list is everything you have cited in your work. The bibliography is an alphabetical list of publications you have read to assist you with your assignment and not directly cited from.

Referencing Activity http://www.learnhigher.ac.uk/writing-for-university/referencing/referencing-exercises/



What is Plagiarism? “The act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person : the act of plagiarizing something.” http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism

Dr Raj Persaud  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7457091.stm

Chris Martin http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/the-song-they-didnt-write- coldplay-are-accused-of-plagiarism-by-american-band-849992.html

50,000 Students Caught Cheating Since 2013 http://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/uk-universities-in-plagiarism-epidemic-as- almost-50000-students-caught-cheating-over-last-3-years-a6796021.html

Plagiarism Activity You be the Judge! https://library.leeds.ac.uk/tutorials/activities/plagiarism/you-be-the-judge/

Methods of Referencing What you will need:NotebookPenWeb or app based software