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Civil Engineering Department PAINT IT WITH GREEN: Enhancing Lipa City’s Green Urban Initiatives on Solid Waste Management Group Members: 19-02157 @[email protected] Binay, Kayessel Grace B. 19-01624 @[email protected] Cabral, Ken Rexnier P. 19-04007 @[email protected] De Castro, Jean C. 19-03464 @[email protected] Dimaculangan, Ma. Yasmin K. 19-04944 @[email protected] Dimayuga, Lyka 19-09928 @[email protected] Medina, Clarian Joy M. 19-03225 @[email protected] Moreno, Renz Gimuel T. 19-00595 @[email protected] Untalan, Angelica R. Summary Lipa City continues to battle against inefficient solid waste management that threatens public health and the environment. In this sense, Paint it With Green consists of the city's initiatives to repaint and add shades to the vanishing color of their nature. Part 1. The Vanishing Shade of Green Lipa City's solid waste production has escalated to 160,000 kilograms daily due to rapid industry and urbanization, making it the province's second-largest waste generator. The city's solid waste issues range from open dumping on main roads, creeks, rivers, and vacant lots to garbage incineration and a lack of material recovery facilities (Mendoza, 2012). Lipa City also lacks garbage haulers, only collecting from 35 of 72 barangays. Meanwhile, poultry and hog industries are another major contributor to the city’s waste. Manure from livestock and poultry pollutes lands and rivers, while wastewater pollutes surface water. Figure 1. Piled up Trash in Major Highways in Lipa City, Batangas (Luistro, 2018) The city’s inefficient solid waste management concerns public health since it increases vectors like rodents and insects, and transmits infectious diseases like cholera, malaria, and diarrhea (Kwun

Omang et al., 2021). Also, it triggers greenhouse gas emissions, a key contributor to climate change, and may clog drainage systems that cause flooding. Part 2. The Recoloring Response Lipa City's Local Government Unit has promoted and conducted several green initiatives to address its solid waste problem. First, the ongoing \"Trash to Cash\" program keeps the city clean while helping its constituents earn money. Herewith, every recyclable material has corresponding points, and households could exchange it for grocery items (Amigo, 2021). Figure 2. Trash to Cash Program in Lipa City, Batangas headed by Mayor Eric Africa, in cooperation with the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) (Mayor Eric B. Africa, 2021) Second, the city has also built a Centralized Material Recovery Facility for the efficient segregation of recoverable and recyclable materials. The biodegradable materials like shredded wood branches go to compost. On the other hand, shredded old tires are exchanged for sacks of cement in Taysan, Batangas while shredded plastics are used for eco-bricks (Lipa City PIO, 2021). Figure 3. Ribbon Cutting of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in Brgy. Bagong Pook, Lipa City (BM Plus, 2022)

Third and last, the city has also established the Malitlit Nature Savers Association Inc. under the Enhanced National Greening Program. The association is planting and monitoring thousands of indigenous and fruit-bearing seedlings in Mt. Malarayat Forest Reserves (Sanos, 2021). Figure 4. Malitlit Nature Savers Association Inc. as they participated in a tree planting activity in Mt. Malarayat Forest Reserves (DENR Calabarzon, 2021) Part 3. Adding Shades to the Scheme Another way to implement a more strengthened \"Trash to Cash\" program is through an India and Cavite-inspired “Trash to tuition” that deducts solid wastes' corresponding value from students' tuition fees. Lipa City may have partnerships with institutions and help both students and parents transform waste into money for education while aiding environmental issues. Figure 5. Students in Assam, India, bringing plastic wastes as tuition fees (Barua, 2019) Furthermore, a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is also recommended to be established in every barangay. The MRF can be inexpensive since it can be made of recyclable materials and its size can depend on how much waste the community generates (Luistro, 2018). Lipa City may also implement the Marikina-inspired food waste truck program that collects kitchen wastes from restaurants and households, turning it into a compost fertilizer (Environmental Management Bureau, 2018). This initiative will allow the emergence of pocket gardens – planting areas that aid local foodways while reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and help fight global warming (Yardzen, 2022).

Figure 6. Proposed Food Waste Truck Project in Lipa City (Dimaculangan, 2022)

Figure 7. Proposed Pocket Park Garden Project in Lipa City (Dimaculangan, 2022)

Resources Alcober, N. (2015, February 7). Marikina deploys 2 trucks for food waste collection. The Manila Times. Retrieved November 28, 2022, from https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/02/07/regions/at-a-glance-regions/marikina-deploys-2-trucks-f or-food-waste-collection/161166 Amigo, I. (2021, June 7). Trash to cash. OpinYon News. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://opinyon.net/batangas/trash-to-cash BMPlus (2022). Tackling solid waste: Nestlé PH turns over materials recovery facility in Lipa City - BusinessMirror. [online] Available at: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/08/02/tackling-solid-waste-nestle-ph-turns-over-materials-rec overy-facility-in-lipa-city/ [Accessed 28 Nov. 2022]. DENR Calabarzon. (2021). More than 350 hectares of forestland in Mt. Malaraya Forest Reserve, planted with indigenous and fruit bearing seedlings. [online] Available at: https://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/news-events/regional-releases/2188-more-than-350-hect ares-of-forestland-in-mt-malaraya-forest-reserve-planted-with-indigenous-and-fruit-bearing-seedl ings [Accessed 28 Nov. 2022]. Environmental Management Bureau. (2018, September 3). 3. Solid Wastes. emb.gov.ph. Retrieved from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/3-Solid-Waste-1.8.pdf Green Convergence. (2016, February 9). Urban Gardening & Solid Waste Management. Green Convergence. https://greenconvergencephil.com/urban-gardening-solid-waste-management/ Kwun Omang, D. I., Egbe John, G., Alain Inah, S., & Owan Bisong, J. (2021). Public health implication of solid waste generated by households in Bekwarra Local Government area. African Health Sciences, 21(3), 1467–1473. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i3.58 Lipa City PIO, (2021, May 31). Centralized Material Recovery Facility (CMRF) ng Lipa malaking tulong para sa kalinisan ng Lungsod [Image Attached] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/UpdatesAboutLipa/posts/443289183793154 Luistro, M. A. (2017, October 2). Lipa City is province’s second-biggest source of garbage, says provincial data. The Filipino Connection. https://thefilipinoconnection.net/lipa-city-is-provinces-second-biggest-source-of-garbage-says-pro vincial-data/ Mendoza, G. O. (2012). The Community-based Solid Waste Management Project in Sitio . . . Retrieved from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/5806041/the-community-based-solid-waste-manage ment-project-in-sitio- Sanos, A. C. (2021, October 27). More than 350 hectares of forestland in Mt. Malaraya Forest Reserve, planted with indigenous and fruit bearing seedlings. https://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/news-events/regional-releases/2188-more-than-350-hect ares-of-forestland-in-mt-malaraya-forest-reserve-planted-with-indigenous-and-fruit-bearing-seedl ings Yardzen. (2022, September 2). Creating a Pocket Garden. Yardzen. https://yardzen.com/yzblog/how-to-pocket-garden

Image Resources Barua, A. (2019). This Couple’s Unique School in Assam Accepts Plastic Waste as School Fees! [Image] Available at: https://www.thebetterindia.com/180629/assam-couple-sustainable-school-plastic-waste-education -inspiring-india/ BMPlus (2022). Tackling solid waste: Nestlé PH turns over materials recovery facility in Lipa City. [Image] Available at: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/08/02/tackling-solid-waste-nestle-ph-turns-over-materials-rec overy-facility-in-lipa-city/. DENR Calabarzon (2021). More than 350 Hectares Of Forestland in Malarayat Forest Reserves, Planted with Indigenous and Fruit Bearing Seedlings. [Image] Available at: https://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/news-events/regional-releases/2188-more-than-350-hect ares-of-forestland-in-mt-malaraya-forest-reserve-planted-with-indigenous-and-fruit-bearing-seedl ings. Luistro, M.A. (2018). Cause of the dumps: City gov’t yet to pay P24M to contracted hauler. [Image] Available at: https://thefilipinoconnection.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180620_082936.jpg. Luistro, M.A. (2017). Lipa City is province’s second-biggest source of garbage, says provincial data. [Image] Available at: https://thefilipinoconnection.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20170911_161136.jpg. Mayor Eric B. Africa. (2021). Trash to Cash. [Image] Available at: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=5284582194901547&set=a.758271004199378. 3D Models made using SketchUp Dimaculangan, Y. (2022). Proposed Food Waste Truck Project in Lipa City. [Image] Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Nted3JKGpR8XD65w_LpshtzPu3nojGlA?usp=share_lin k. ‌Dimaculangan, Y. (2022). Proposed Pocket Park Garden Project in Lipa City. [Images] Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Uz7YUUC0UbS-tTWrOzSF1M6KpCETs162?usp=share_ link.