Strand Magazine v001i006 1891 06

THE STATE OF THE LAW COURTS, 639 NEW COURT, MIDDLE TEMPLE. fashionable than the Middle, and is pre¬ ferred by University men, especially per¬ ancient custom that they enjoy the right haps those who are prejudiced in favour of of calling students to the Bar. They are uniformity of colour in their fellow-students. respectively governed by a self-elected body Lincoln’s Inn and Gray’s Inn call compara¬ called “ Benchers,” who consist of the judges, tively few men to the Bar. a number of Queen's counsel, and a few veteran “juniors.” The barristers as a Some particulars of the process of being class have no voice in the management “ called to the Bar \" may be of interest. of the Inns, or in the discipline of their The aspiring barrister must remain a student for three years, and will have to pay nearly profession. 1 he social status of the Bar £200 in stamp duty and fees to his Inn. Exception is, however, made in the case of has of late years deteriorated, although solicitors, who, under recent regulations, it is true that barristers are generally can be admitted to the Bar without delay drawn from a much higher social level on payment of the fees. Within the last than solicitors. Individual merit is, fifteen years an examination has been insti¬ somewhat erroneously perhaps, supposed tuted for all students except solicitors, the to be as great a factor for success as latter having been examined by their own interest, and this, together with other society ; but, before that time, it was only considerations that we have already necessary to eat twenty-four dinners a year alluded to, induces a large proportion for three years in the Hall of the Inn, be¬ of the most accomplished University sides paying the fees, in order to become graduates to devote themselves to the qualified for the Bar. The dinners are still Bar in preference to any other profes¬ retained, and although it is not pretended sion. University men, however, are not that students insensibly imbibe the only aspirants to the Woolsack, legal knowledge with their whose first step is to obtain a call to meals in the atmosphere of the the Bar. There is quite a gathering picturesque old dining halls, of coloured gentlemen in the Middle there can be no doubt that Temple, including natives of India, the dinners serve a useful many of whom, no doubt, intend to practise in their own courts ; Hotten¬ MIDDLE TEMPLE LUiRARYi tots, Negroes, Mongolians, dreamy-eyed Japanese, and perhaps an occasional Redskin—many of whom seem to take to the methods of European civilisation quite naturally. The Inner Temple is considered more

64° THE STRAND MAGAZINE. purpose in enabling the future barristers probably shares with some other aspirants, to form each other's acquaintance. With and then proceeds on his way to the Wool¬ what mingled feelings these dinners must sack. be looked back upon in after life ! Of The sensations of a young barrister when two boon com¬ panions in student he first addresses days one may, per¬ haps, be judge of the Court are the High Court, while the other is usually somewhat still struggling for agonising. Ser¬ jeant Ballantine describes his first experience as fol¬ a precarious liveli¬ lows :—“I rose, but hood in the County could see nothing ; Court. the court seemed Students coming to turn round and from the Universi¬ the floor to be sink¬ ties are only ex¬ ing. I cannot tell pected to eat twelve what I asked, but dinnersayear. The it was graciously reason for this dis¬ granted by the tinction is shrouded Bench.” in mystery, but He sat down with perhaps some solu¬ a parched throat tion may occur to and a sort of sick¬ the ingenious mind ening feeling that of the reader. It he would never is usual for students succeed. “ Most to read with junior successful ad¬ counsel in large vocates,” he adds, practice, to whom “ have experienced they pay a hundred these sensations, guineas a year. In and to this day I return for this they believe that many have the run of the rise to conduct papers, from which cases of importance they are no doubt with some of their enabled in some de¬ CORRIDOR, INNER TEMPI-E HALL. old emotions.” gree to familiarise The work of the themselves with the advocate’s profession ; Bar is divided into several sections, so that if they require tuition, they must employ a the beginner has a fairly wide choice as to regular coach. The examinations, however, which department of his profession he will are by no means severe. They secure a make his own. There is the Parliamentary certain amount of legal knowledge on the Bar, the Common Law Bar, the Equity part of the barrister, which can easily be Bar, and the Criminal Bar ; and besides acquired by a few attendances at the lec¬ these, several barristers are exclusively oc¬ tures held at the Inn, and a not very cupied with Patents and Conveyancing assiduous reading of Roman and Com¬ But there are sections within sections, con¬ mon Law. Upon the completion of his sisting of small coteries of specialists who three years, the student is called to the devote themselves to the Divorce Court, to Bar, by going through the solemn ceremony the Privy Council, or to Admiralty work. of taking a glass of wine with the Benchers While the majority of barristers pass the of his Inn, and, together with a crowd legal year in the Metropolis, except when on of his compeers, listening to a friendly circuit, there are a good many who settle monition from the Senior Bencher, or some down in populous districts and becomeknown other venerable greybeard. Having pur¬ in the profession as local barristers. Both chased his wig and gown and a brand- Common Law and Equity men who are, new blue bag, the young barrister is then through the pressure of competition, unable started on his career. He takes chambers to make their way in London, or who per¬ in the Temple or Lincoln’s Inn, which he haps have the advantage of being related

THE STATE OF THE LAW COURTS. 641 to some eminent firm of provincial leads to an inordinate waste of public time solicitors, prefer the certainty of making and money. It ought, however, to be a decent livelihood in a busy manufactur¬ enforced with moderation, for it by no ing town to the keener competition of the means follows that a counsel who has not Metropolis. heard the examination-in-chief is the less They are somewhat looked down upon able to cross-examine effectively. One of by their brethren in London, the work in the objects of cross-examination, it should the provinces being of an inferior kind, be understood, is to elicit fresh facts, and mainly confined to the police courts, county in that respect it is not necessarily de¬ courts, and quarter sessions. pendent upon evidence-in-chief. The occupation of the local barrister, in Undoubtedly cross-examination is one of fact, does not commend itself to the majority the most difficult as well as one of the most of the Bar, notwithstanding that a few are important of a counsel’s duties, and a £able to make their 2,000 or ^3,000 a year. barrister who makes his mark in this par¬ The Parliamentary Bar, probably the ticular function is pretty certain to be in most lucrative branch of the profession, is general request. It is no less important engaged in Private Bill business before to know what questions to put than what Parliamentary Committees. A popular to refrain from asking. Many counsel are Parliamentary O.C. will make as much as too apt to imagine that by browbeating a £20,000 a year, and sometimes even those witness, and overwhelming him with a figures are exceeded. The leading “ silks ” multitude of questions, they are conducting have always a their cross-ex¬ great number of amination effec¬ cases going on at tively. Baron the same time Alderson once before Commit¬ withered up an tees of the Lords advocate of this and Commons, character by re¬ and they spend marking : “ Mr. their day in So-and-so, you walking from seem to think one committee- that the art of room to another, cross - examina¬ opening a case tion is to examine here, replying on crossly.” a case there, and The Parlia¬ cross-examining mentary Bar cer¬ witnesses whose tainly numbers evidence-in-chief within its ranks they have never several highly- heard. This talented counsel, peramb ulatory not the least practice led to eminent of such abuse that whom are Mr. in 1861 the com¬ Pope, Mr. Bid¬ mittees decided der, Mr. Littler, not to allow a and Mr. Pem¬ barrister to cross- broke-Stephens, ex a m i n e who of whom we give had not been portraits. We present during have already re¬ the whole of the ferred to the examination - in¬ great incomes chief, and re¬ INNER TEMPLE HALL. that are made in cently Mr. Han- this department bury has endeavoured to enforce this rule. of the Bar, and when it is remembered No doubt it is, generally speaking, a whole¬ that the work is limited to the time during some regulation, tor the reiteration by which Parliament is sitting, it becomes successive counsel of the same questions apparent that the fees paid to leading

642 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. MR. LITTLER. MR. PEM BROKE-STEP HENS. MR. BIDDER. MR. POPE. counsel must be enormous. Indeed, the disdain the petty delight of trying to fees marked on their briefs often amount humiliate the leaders of the Bar. There have to hundreds of guineas, and the junior been several instances of a judge taking a gets a sum equal to two-thirds of the personal dislike to a counsel, and by making amount paid to the leader, except in cases him feel it on every possible occasion, prac¬ where the latter receives a special fee. tically dismissing him from the Court. And, added to this, both receive a refresher Thus it will be recognised that the system of fifteen guineas a day. Surely such pay¬ gives judges too much power over members ment is excessive. of the Bar. In one very essential particular the There are always two favourite “silks” members of the Equity Bar differ in their in each Court, who practically divide the customs from other branches of their pro¬ Avork betAveen them. The special fees fession. Practising before the five Chan¬ that Ave have already referred to are, cery judges and the Chancery Court of liOAvever, frequently obtained by emi¬ Appeal, the leaders of the Equity Bar nent Queen's counsel. The greatest attach themselves to particular Courts, and advocates of the Equity Bar—like Sir invariably decline to leave their own Horace Da\\rey or Mr. Rigby *— do not favourite sphere of operations to appear in attach themselves to any Court, and Avill another Court without a special fee. The not, in fact, appear in Court at all Avithout result of this arrangement is that litigants a special fee. The incomes made by some employing eminent counsel in Chancery of the most eminent Equity counsel are cases can be almost certain of their attend¬ prodigious. Lord Selborne, Avlien Sir ance throughout. However heavy may be Roundell Palmer, is said to ha\\Te made the fees paid to counsel of the Equity Bar, over ^30,000 a year ; and rumour has it it can at least be said that they generally that neither Sir Horace Da\\rey nor Mr. give full value for their money—a gratify¬ Rigby are earning much less than that ing compliment that can hardly be extended amount. to other branches of the profession. But satisfactory as the system may seem to be Although, as a rule, the members of the from the client’s point of view, experience Equity Bar do not shine in public life, shows that it is not without its serious dis¬ it has nevertheless associated with it several advantages. The continuous contact of distinguished names, such as those of particular counsel with particular judges is Westbury, Cairns, and Selborne, all of varying in its effects. In some cases it Avhom found in the Chancery Courts the leads to an undue influence on the part of stepping-stone to fame. the counsel over the judges, while in others the judges use their power to such an over¬ The Criminal Bar of London congregates bearing extent that even eminent Queen’s at the Old Bailey (Avhich is the Assize counsel are sometimes subjected to a degree Court for the Metropolis and part of the of abasement that is painful to witness. Home Counties) as well as at the Middlesex The demeanour of one or two of the and Surrey Sessions, held respecti\\*ely at Equity judges is, in fact, characterised by an Clerkemvell and NeAvington. In speaking absurd pomposity, and, however great their ol the Criminal Bar, the brilliant exploits ol abilities, they are not so high-minded as to such men as Ballantine, Parrv, Huddleston, Gifford, Hawkins, and Clarke naturally occur to one's memory. But a\\ hat a sad

THE STATE OF THE LAW COURTS. 643 falling off is now apparent ! There is not a for negligence being successful against single name of distinction now associated solicitors, there is no reason why they with the historic Court that has in the past should have any terrors for counsel. It resounded to the eloquence of so many would certainly be satisfactory to see the splendid advocates. Nowadays the mention barrister’s profession put upon a more busi¬ of the Criminal Bar only brings to mind ness-like footing. Advocates are, under the such men as the Government prosecutor present conditions, sometimes the prey of (official in all but name), Mr. Poland, and a unscrupulous solicitors, who hand them crowd of lesser lights, among whom Mr. briefs marked with tempting fees that are Forest Fulton, M.P., and Mr. Gill stand never paid, and when these harpies have forth as the most talented. There are at the tired out the patience of one guileless Criminal Bar a number of newly-fledged counsel, they devote similarly undesirable barristers, and several indigent and disap¬ attentions to another. Happily, such pointed men who are content to gain a solicitors are comparatively few ; but even small and precarious livelihood. A handful respectable firms often avail themselves of secure a respectable living, and compara¬ the inability of counsel to recover fees by tively large incomes are only made in two taking unconscionable credit. MR. POLAND. MR. FOREST FULTON. or three cases, notably among those who The system should be changed, and if have Treasury work. The compulsory barristers were made liable for negligence it litigants, who often have to send the would, perhaps, have a wholesome effect in hat round among their friends for the preventing some of them from accepting purpose, can for the most part only provide briefs to which they or their clerks must small fees, and small as they are, they do know that they cannot attend. I not always reach the hands of counsel. To return to the Criminal Bar, one cannot It may be interesting to mention here help observing how7 great is the disadvantage at which a prisoner is sometimes placed. The I the curious fact that barristers cannot re- cover their fees at law. The fee, it appears, unfortunate man has perhaps been unable is an honorarium, and nothing more. Of by himself or his friends to find the neces¬ course, while barristers have no legal claim sary funds to instruct a counsel, or perhaps for their fees, no action for negligence, he has managed to scrape together however gross, can lie against them ; a guinea, which he hands over the and it is obvious that, if the power dock, as his case is called, to some were accorded to them of recovering their inexperienced barrister, who thereupon fees at law7, they would also be liable to finds himself face to face with a wary and action in case of negligence. If Are may experienced advocate like Mr. Poland or judge by the very rare occasions of actions Mr. Gill. The prisoner’s chances of vindi-

644 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. eating himself, innocent though he may be, they will be able must be greatly reduced by the disadvan¬ to give full atten¬ tages under which he labours. tion to, seeing that The State,which there are a num¬ expends enormous ber of Courts en¬ sums for the con¬ gaged in trying viction of crimi¬ cases some of nals, ought, un¬ which may last doubtedly, as is the days, and some case in many other only minutes. In¬ countries, to pro¬ deed, a counsel vide legal assis¬ with a very small tance for the ac¬ practice may find cused in order to that, owing to the secure a fair trial. unexpected man¬ So far as we are ner in which the aware, there is only cases on the list one case in which are sometimes dis¬ this is done in posed of, the two England, namely, or three briefs that when an offence, have been en¬ while in the execu¬ trusted to him tion of duty, is may all require charged against a his attention in member of the different Courts police force, a body on the same day, of men who are in although when he a much better posi¬ accepted them he tion to secure for might reasonably themselves legal have anticipated assistance than the that the cases majority of ordi¬ would be called nary prisoners. MR. INDKRWICK. SIR EDWARD CI.ARKE. on different days. Perhaps the de¬ It must, however, plorable dearth of highly talented men be admitted that there are some eminent at the Criminal Bar is in some degree counsel who accept briefs, although it is accounted for by the curious circumstance morally certain that they will be unable to that when a man once becomes a criminal give them any personal attention. lawyer he can be nothing else. The dis¬ No other professional man expects to be mal atmosphere of the Old Bailey seems paid for work that he does not perform, to permeate all his future prospects, and and there can be no doubt that the proper he is rarely able to emerge from it into course for counsel overwhelmed with briefs the higher ranks of his profession. The to pursue is to return those that he cannot Lord Chancellor, Mr. Justice Hawkins, and attend to, thereby enabling his client to Sir Edward Clarke are, perhaps, the only obtain legal assistance elsewhere, and at the living instances to the contrary ; but even same time distributing a little work among they belong to a somewhat bygone time, his less fortunate brethren of the Bar. 1 he and were never exclusively criminal lawyers. public are, however, at fault in insisting on The leading common-law work of the retaining an eminent advocate at a fancy High Court is practically divided among a price, when their cases could be just as well dozen or so eminent Queen’s counsel. It conducted at much smaller cost by men is a matter of common complaint that the whose names figure less frequently in the leaders accept briefs, knowing well at the reports of important trials. In any sensa¬ time they receive them that they will not tional cause eelebre it is almost certain that be able to attend to them. There is a good the names of Sir Charles Russell, Sir deal of truth in this, although the supposed Edward Clarke, and Mr. Lockwood, will delinquents arc able to put forward a very appear on one side or the other. These plausible plea of justification. It is certain eminent men have, in fact, the pick of the that they cannot always know what briefs work, and the same may be said, in regard to

THE STATE OE THE LAW COURTS. 645 great commercial cases, of Sir R. Webster ting at the same time, examining a witness and Mr. Finlay, and, before his recent eleva¬ in one place, and addressing the jury in tion to the Bench, of Mr. Henn-Collins. another ; while their imperfect knowledge of their cases must inevitably tell to the The work of a somewhat less distin¬ disadvantage of their clients, who perhaps guished character is in the hands of half have paid them fees of one or even' two a dozen Queen’s counsel, among whom hundred guineas, with corresponding re¬ may be mentioned Mr. Kemp, Mr. Willis, freshers. Mr. Jelf, and Mr. Winch, while there is a “ tail ” of “ silks ” who, not being From what we have said it will be fortunate enough to rank as popular obvious that it is only the very few who favourites, have to content themselves with can hope to become wealthy at the Bar, a very much smaller practice as well as and such a lottery is “taking silk’’ that smaller fees. Under the present conditions many “ juniors” refuse to have the distinc¬ there is nothing like a fair distribution of tion conferred upon them, preferring the work among the leaders of the Bar. This modest income that they are able to earn is perhaps in a great measure due to the to the uncertainty and disappointment that action of solicitors, who, if they have a falls to the lot of most of those who become rich client in a big action, are sure to run leaders. Even a prosperous junior who after one of the half-dozen most popular gives up his practice to become a O.C. advocates, and with a less wealthy client runs the risk of being left out in the cold they will retain one of the next half-dozen. altogether. It is indeed curious to observe how slavishly solicitors run after the most eminent A state of things that practically places counsel on the chance of securing their the monopoly of the legal work in a few hands tends neither to the advantage of the public nor to the prosperity of the Bar as a body. The evil is undoubtedly caused by the centralisation of litigation in London, and the compression within a few months of the year of the whole of the High - SIR HENRY JAMES. SIR RICHARD WEBSTER. SIR CHARLES RUSSELL. services, rather than entrust their briefs to Court business. There is no valid reason less noted men, who, even if their ability why the Courts should not sit the whole be less, would at least make up for it by year through, and barristers and judges greater assiduity and closer attention. The take their holidays as they personally like result is that these favoured gentlemen may to arrange. The amalgamation of the two be seen popping in and out of the ten or branches of the legal profession has been twelve Queen’s Bench Courts that are sit¬ much discussed in recent years, and it has

646 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. many warm advocates both among barristers mation, such as that suggested, that an and solicitors, one of the strongest being the amelioration of the present system is to Solicitor-General. But no doubt the be looked for. Notwithstanding its high majority are opposed to the suggested reputation, the Bar, by tamely submitting change. Its supporters, in fact, are for the to a system that works out to its own most part to be found among ambitious detriment, is itself responsible not only for young solicitors who have acquired a taste its own unsatisfactory condition, whereby for advocacy in the Police and County the bulk of the profits of the profession go Courts. They urge that it would cheapen into a few hands, but also in a considerable litigation, inasmuch as there would be only degree for the gross defects of our judicial one person to pay instead of two, and they system. Recently the members of the Bar point to the United States and to the have formed among themselves a Bar Colonies as indicating that amalgamation Committee to protect their interests, but would work well. In great cities, however, it appears to have done little practical the division of labour between the advocate work, and to be little more than a mutual and the solicitor, although theoretically admiration society. non-existent, is in reality very similar to It is obviously to the interest of the leading what it is in this country. The advocate and wealthy members of the profession, must always be the advocate, and nothing several of whom are legislators, that the more, and the drudgery of preparing the present state of things should continue. material for him to work upon must be They make splendid incomes within the reserved for other persons, whether they short legal year ; while the Long Vacation, occupy the position of solicitors, partners, which completely closes the Courts, pre¬ or clerks. vents the intrusion of competitors during Under the present system, a solicitor can their holidays. The present system exercise his judgment in retaining the practically secures to them a monopoly counsel most suited to his client’s case, an of work, and gives them an extravagant advantage which would disappear if solicitors time for rest and enjoyment. The Long had barristers for Vacation, then, partners. The which is also the solicitor, it should chief cause of the be remembered, law’s delay, is at has multifarious the root of the duties in connec¬ evil. The younger tion with litigation, barristers as well whilst the barris¬ as the less lucky ter is only the ad¬ Queen’s counsel, viser 011 points of who are anxious law and the advo¬ for work that they cate. It is further are fully capable of to be observed that performing, would the barrister, not regard with plea¬ being associated sure the abolition with the pecuniary or curtailment of interests of his the Vacation, as a client, but arguing means of enabling his case solely on them to share in legal grounds, and that work which on the weight of cannot properly be evidence, possesses done within the a degree of inde¬ brief period now pendence and a occupied. reputation for Are the mem¬ trustworth i ness bers of the Bar, which, if he were notwithstanding a solicitor as well, all their boasted he would be unable independence, to enjoy. It is not afraid to speak out from an amalga¬ IN THE TEMPLE CHUKCH. even in their own

THE STATE OF THE LAW COURTS. 647 interests ? They alone are capable of have been non-existent or would have properly exposing the scandals of our been promptly remedied. It is not, how¬ judicial system, and of bringing about ever, from the leaders of the Bar that improvements that would be as much to reform is to be expected ; the first step the advantage of the public as of them¬ must be taken by the rank and file, who, selves ; and yet their voice is uniformly by a united movement showing that they silent. It is certain that had the leaders do indeed possess independence and grit, of the Bar opened their lips in the House will increase their own prosperity and at of Commons, those scandals to which we- the same time commend themselves to the adverted in former articles would either public. \\ 1

The Home for Lost Dogs. gCLjHe H[0<ML£ a load of the lost behind. The conveyance is specially constructed for this purpose. Our friendly “policeman in plain clothes \" opens the back door, and there one can see that the interior of the van is made into a at Bat¬ tenement of two floors, the bigger dogs tersea, being placed below, and the more diminu¬ is a ve¬ tive species above. Iron rings are arranged ritable round the sides, to which the animals are haven attached by their chains. A small but im¬ of rest portant apartment, however, is that placed kMV*#: v ( for the at the bottom of the van, between the two “lost back wheels. It takes the form of a cage, and strayed.” It started in the most un¬ with iron bars and a grating of fine wire. pretentious way, some thirty years ago, in This is designed for the accommodation of a back kitchen at Islington ; to-day its a more than usually troublesome dog, some¬ premises possess ample accommodation for times one that is mad, so that he is carried the temporary lodging of over 20,000 wan¬ from the police-station to the “ Home ” derers every year ; indeed, during 1890, no without upsetting the quieter-disposed fewer than 21,593 passed through its gates dispositions of his fellow-animals above. (homes being found for 3,388), 1,771 were Of course some dogs are brought here by restored to their owners, and 1,617 new kind-hearted individuals other than the homes were provided where satisfactory police, and as many as 500 from all sources safeguards were assured. Such are the have been received in the course of a interesting canine statistics given to us as day. It is impossible to single out one we start on our tour of inspection, under part of London more famous for its the guidance of Mr. Matthias Colam, the “ lost \" than another—they arrive from the secretary. East and from the West. That delightful We have entered the great red gates, little King Charles which is just now and stand for a moment upon the threshold cuddled up in a corner of the Receiving of the Receiving House, for a van passes House has probably strayed from its custo¬ almost at our elbow. Its appearance sug¬ mary luxuriousness of a drawing-room in gests “ police ” ; at any rate, the driver is Belgravia—it will surely be claimed in a few an indisputable representative of law and hours—whilst its next-door neighbour is a order in mufti. bull - dog, with Those familiar a prodigious cries betray who head, w hic h the inmates are strongly suggests —all sorts and pugilism and conditions of Whitechapel. dogs picked up The Receiving by the police ; House is situated this is s deposit on your imme¬ of some thirty diate right. It lost animals - is the first room about to find into which the apartments for a lost dog goes time. When the when it claims muzzling order admission to the was first put into home. \\ dozen force, such a van dogs are waiting would have to to be examined run over to Bat¬ —collies, fox ter¬ tersea three and riers, and two or four times a day, three nondcs and then leave IN THE CAGE. scripts in addi-

THE HOME FOR LOST DOGS. 649 lion to the tiny King Charles and massive after a certain lapse of time—and then bull-dog already caught sight of. On a running away with its new owner and beam above, which stretches from one side winning an important prize at the Brighton of the apartment to the other, are hang¬ show ! More startling still was the case of ing the chains and collars of the animals a bloodhound sold to Mr. Mark Beaufoy, THE RECEIVING ROOM. M.P., for a small sum. That dog, admitted during the past week, under their once numbered proper divisions of Monday, Tuesday, amongst the lost, Wednesday, and so on. This little col¬ was destined to lection of a dozen are taken in hand one become the by one. Should any of them be suffering mother of the from rabies, they are at once sent to the champion blood¬ “ Condemned Cell,” to which we shall hound of the presently pay a visit. The hon. veter¬ world — “ Crom¬ inary surgeon, A. J. Sewell, Esq., is sent well.” Dogs have for, and if he endorses the opinion of the been sold over receiver—himself a man who “ knows a and over again dog ”—the animal is at once destroyed. and have re¬ Some poor creatures pass a day or two in turned. One the Infirmary, and are quickly mended little story which under kind and humane treatment, whilst we hear as we those dogs who have had their day, and pass into the are past all aid, are destroyed. main yard is worth repeating. This Receiving House has been accorded Royal patronage, for amongst what might “Bluebeard” be called the canine sweepings of London was his name, who have found their way here, the Duchess and he was a of Teck’s dog has looked in ; so has the lively boarhound. All that is known of his Marquis of Hartington’s, and Lord Brassey’s. early life is that he was found walking about, Amongst the rarest of the wanderers located without visible means of subsistence, in the here have been a couple of African sand vicinity ofWandsworth. He was lost—hence, dogs, little creatures without a vestige of away with him to Battersea. On four separate hair on their bodies, saving a relieving tuft occasions “Bluebeard” was restored, and on the head. Even at the Dogs’ Home every time he found his way back. One night, many a romance might be found. Think after the gates were closed, the keeper heard of a poor lost creature being picked up for a tap-tap-tap at the entrance. It was the a few shillings—for dogs may be purchased paw of a dog, and when the keeper opened the door it was none other than our old friend “Bluebeard\" who had delivered himself up again for the third time. When he crept in he went straight to his former kennel. Eventually, “ Bluebeard ” was despatched to the country, where, according to the latest reports, he is doing well. We are now on our way to the kennels— fine, light, airy, and well-built places. We pause just a moment, however, in the play¬ ground ;forall the bigger kennels have a play¬ ground in the rear, where the dogs are let out to enjoy a merry gambol, or indulge in the luxury of a shower-bath, where at one end of the ground a fountain is playing, under the refreshing sprays of which the dogs delight to run. Wooden boxes are provided under which the animals may go in the summer months, when the sun proves too warm for them, or shelter from the rain during an occasional shower, or inclement weather.

6^0 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. This particular play-ground is inhabited again, makes a frantic effort to pull down principally by large dogs — retrievers, the iron bars in its joy, but all to no avail. Scotch collies, greyhounds, and even what Then a keeper enters the playground, picks are generally known as carriage-dogs. Jack up in his arms, and surely never was We invite them to the sides of the play¬ a happier recognition. It is really this that ground—round which substantial iron bars those in authority at Battersea depend upon run—and what a noise is there ! Yet we more than anything else, so as to ensure the are assured that at night not a sound is to lost animal being returned to its rightful be heard—the sudden shriek of the whistle owner. As a rule, the person losing a dog of a passing train over the bridge close at goes into the yard accompanied by a keeper. hand, or the warning note of a steam tug on He picks out a dog, and it is fastened near the river never disturbs them. Dogs in the gates, where it can be seen from the company seem to ensure contentment. You office. The owner is invited to this may peep into half a dozen other play¬ part of the yard, and the keeper watches grounds, where the creatures will be found how the dog and its master meet one to be more of a diminutive type—hundreds another again. This simple plan seldom of fox-terriers ; indeed, it would seem that fails. Furthermore, a set of questions have the lost terriers number ten times more than to be answered by the claimant, and any of the other species, whilst retrievers mistakes seldom occur. and collies vie with each other for next place on the roll. And round these im¬ It is whilst we are watching the dogs at mense open cages good people wander with play, just as Jack—lost no longer—is distressful countenances in search of those tripping away merrily over the stones of the who have left their kennels in the back yard, that we are entertained with numerous garden without notice, or wagged their tails anecdotes by our genial guide. We hear of a devoted owner of a little pet terrier. Hers THE PLAYGROUND. for freedom by forsaking the comforts of the was but an instance of many who come hearth-rug in the front parlour. Suddenly several miles in search of their favourites. a visitor recognises and is recognised. This lady travelled some six or seven miles every day for a week in the hopes ot having “ Jack, Jack ! ” the owner cries. Jack this same little terrier returned to her, ft was jumps up in mad delight, harks and barks

THE HOME FOR LOST HOGS. bZl the last day of the week, and there was the In a few moments he was invited to affectionate owner scanning eagerly every step into the yard, where some four or five dog that entered. At last the rumble of pugs were held in check by a keeper. the wheels of the police van was heard, and when the door was opened, there amongst “ Which is yours ?” was asked. the other inmates lay a tiny creature in the “ Vy, that’s it, sir—that with the collar corner fast asleep. and blue ribbon round 'is neck. See ’ow ’e knows me !” “ That’s Dot ! my little Dot ! ’’ cried the When this enterprising gentleman was lady, and at the sound of her voice the told that the dog he had chosen had been wandering terrier jumped up, and seemed in the home a fortnight, and, further, that as though it would go mad ere one of the the collar and ribbon had been taken off assistants could loosen its chain. Dot went the real dog’s neck and temporarily deco¬ away again with its mistress. rated the throat of another animal, White¬ lju, J.j- chapel was somewhat abashed, and was glad THE KENNELS. to get away. It is needless to say—to put it kindly— The principal ken¬ that wrongful appropriators of dogs occa¬ nels are in the centre sionally pay a visit to Battersea, and a of the yard, and are capital story is told of one of these gentry divided into compart¬ who had seen a kind-hearted policeman ments denoting the taking in a lost pug that same morning. various days on which the dog entered, so that “ Good mornin’, sir,” said this worthy, at the completion of entering the office ; “ I’ve lost my dawg, and the period which the if you don’t mind, I should feel mich law requires all dogs obliged if yer’d let me ’ave a look round the should be kept, the ome ? animal will have been a temporary tenant of “ What sort of a dog was it ?” asked the all of them in rotation. secretary, coming in at that moment, and The two sexes are recognising the man as a well-known dog separated immediately stealer. “ When did you lose it ?” they enter, and you may walk down the “This mornin’, sir. An’ it’s a pug, with centre avenue enjoying a collar and studs and a blue ribbin round the frolics of the mer¬ its neck.” riest of fox-terriers in one cage, and stay to admire the fine coat of a lost St. Ber¬ “ Quite right—we had such a dog come nard, or pat a good-looking collie on the in this morning,” the secretary said. “ Just back as they look almost pitifully towards wait a moment—sit down.” you. This little army of dogs eat some two tons of biscuits and meal in a fort¬ Our friend from Whitechapel did, evi¬ night. At six o’clock, when the place is dently much pleased with his tactics, closed, the dogs are bedded down with plenty of clean straw and a liberal supply of sawdust, and every hour a night watch¬ man goes his rounds to see that there is no fighting, and to attend to the Crematorium —the latter one of the most important branches in the work of the institution. There is just a moment to peep in at a substantial looking shed, specially built for the protection of puppies born at the Home. A magnificent St. Bernard is lying con¬ valescent in the corner. Then, in another part of the yard, more kennels are visited, scrupulously clean, patterns of neatness; and one compartment in the far corner rivets our attention for the moment, for a

652 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. DANGEROUS. The way was pointed out to him, he took a silent view of the road before him, and blue enamelled plate bears the significant then, with a sudden bark suggestive that word “ Dangerous.\" It would not be well he understood, away the collie went, and at any time to attempt to cultivate the delivered the despatch safely as required. acquaintance of any of its inmates. This dog is now the property of Major Crabb. The Home has every reason to be proud of its collies. It was a smooth-coated collie We are now nearing what is, perhaps, borrowed from the Home for Lost Dogs the most important part of the Battersea which figured so prominently in the last Home, the Infirmary—which is practically Military Tournament at the Agricultural the condemned cell—the Lethal Chamber, Hall. The dog was borrowed for the pur¬ and the Crematorium. The condemned pose of testing the value of the German cell is a huge kennel separated into two system of sending messages by these useful compartments, through the iron grating of creatures during the progress of military which often as many as a hundred dogs are operations in time of war. The dog was to be counted. It should be said that a attached to a cyclist who rode the whole dog is never put to death unless it is past length of the hall—over bridges, ruts, and all cure, and, further, that the means em¬ other difficulties in the way—the animal ployed are as quick and humane as scientists following him. Then the cyclist wrote a have yet discovered. For many years the message, and tied it round the collie’s neck. method of killing was by the administration of hy¬ drocyanic acid, but Dr. B. W. Richardson, F.R.S., conclusively proved that the most painless way of causing death was by the use of narcotic vapour and he superintended the erection of an excellent Lethal Chamber, which was finished in May, 1884, and since then has been in constant use. It is possible to nar¬ cotise as many as a hun¬ dred dogs at one time. THE CONDEMNED CELL,.

THE HOME FOR LOST DOGS. 65J This generally takes place at night. The lar principles, intended for use when a dog unfortunate animals are conveyed from the has to be destroyed at once. Condemned Cell to a large cage some ten Exactly opposite the Lethal Chamber is LETHAL CHAMBER AND CREMATORIUM. the Crematorium. This is a white brick structure, with a chimney feet long, by four feet in depth and width. some 'b ft. high. It is so built that the bodies of the dogs do not Two such cages—each of which is divided in any way come in contact with the fuel ; the heat being obtained into tiers—are here. When the dogs are from the coke furnace below. The door of the Crematorium is wound safely secured in up by the means of a windlass, and the cage, they r—- the interior reveals a space of about io ft. long by 9 ft. in width. are taken to the After the lapse of some five or six hours from leaving the Lethal chamber, the Chamber, the animals are put in here. By the morning all that door of which is remains of them is a few charred bones,) unlocked, the and in a corner of the yard may be seen a dozen or so of sacks, containing all that bar - bolt lifted, remains of many and the cage with a domestic pet, waiting for the its inmates is soap - makers (who buy them) run into the Le¬ to come and fetch them away. The thal apartment. number of dogs thug destroyed Here it remains every week aver¬ ages three hun¬ for some six or dred. seven minutes, A very touch¬ ing incident oc¬ during w h i c h curred just where we are standing, time the cham¬ only a few weeks before. ber is charged A gentleman with carbonic entered the gates of the Home, followed by as pure a acid gas, and a specimen of a St. Bernard as could be wished for. He said quietly that spray of chloro¬ he wanted it to be destroyed. The secretary looked at it. A valuable form is pumped dog indeed ; a splendid creature. The owner knew it. No money in, which the would purchase it, but, unfortu¬ nately, the dog had proved himself a dogs immediately bit snappish, and his master had only just paid a considerable sum of inhale. This pro¬ money as atonement for damage done. It was to be destroyed. cess of bringing The master left the dog, and said he would return in an hour’s time. about all that is He did so, and by this time the crea¬ ture had been taken to the Lethal needed is not Chamber, and lay there on a slab strangulation or o suffocation, but is essentially a death sleep. Th ere are also two smaller chambers pre¬ sented to the Home by Dr. Richardson, con¬ structed on simi¬ THE CATS HOUSE.

654 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. apparently asleep. It was hard for his may be seen a fine specimen of a Russian master to believe that lie was dead. The cat with a wonderful head, which seems to gentleman even felt the dog’s heart to see while away its time by curling itself up in if it was beating, but there was no sign of its own particular box or sleeping apart¬ movement. Then he broke down ; the ment ; and a bob-tail may also be found strong, stalwart fellow burst into tears as playing merrily. he talked to his favourite. He told the dead creature that they had been com¬ As we leave the yard, we look in at the panions for ten years, and he felt the part¬ men’s reading-room, plentifully supplied ing more than that of a brother. with newspapers, and a small library, the shelves of which are principally taken up Again he went away, but the next day by volumes of a “ doggy ” nature. The found him once more at the gates. He had office, too, must not be forgotten. These had no sleep—could he see his dog again ? rows of immense ledgers contain the But it was too late. All that was left of the records of hundreds of thousands of dogs once envied St. Bernard was a few ashes, and which have enjoyed the hospitality of the without a word the heart-broken master Institution at some time or other. The turned and left the place. Board-room is a fine apartment, and round the sides of its walls legacies and donations One corner of the premises is particularly are chronicled in letters of gold. Framed interesting, and we look in whilst passing. missives from Royalty may be read in It is the cats’ house. These are in many abundance—Her Majesty the Queen, the instances stray cats, picked up in West-end Prince of Wales, and the Duke of Cam¬ areas, and brought to Battersea by benevo¬ bridge are the patrons of the Home. There lent ladies. They are fed twice a day. In is recorded in a book at Battersea an the morning they get new milk, and a expression of opinion, none other than that varied diet of the customary horse-flesh and of Her Majesty, which is worthy of being fish. Many parcels of fish are sent as pre¬ quoted in these pages. On the occasion of sents for the cats. The frolicsome pussies the Queen's Jubilee an address was pre¬ have decidedly comfortable quarters, and sented by those interested in the work in they, too, have a playground, in which are connection with this very admirable insti¬ planted tree trunks, of which they freely tution. Her Majesty made reply and said :— avail themselves. One of the cats’ houses “ The objects of your association appear is peculiarly noticeable. These are the to be deserving of the greatest sympathy boarders, for cats may be left here at a and commendation ; and your solicitude for charge of is. 6d. per week. This little col¬ the welfare of dogs, the friends of man, lection in front of us is the property of a who have shown so much zeal, fidelity, and lady who has no fewer than a dozen here. affection in the service of mankind, is the All have their pet names, and she frequently fitting complement of the charity which comes to feed them herself. These splendid strives to comfort and succour the unfor Persians and Angoras—the latter with a tunate and afflicted members of our own marvellous tail—have been residents here race.” for some three years, and amongst them

A Story for Children : from the French of Voltaire. N the reign of Kingo Moabdar “ Alas ! ” said Zadig, “ I have cause to be there lived at Babylon a young so.” man named Zadig. He was handsome, rich, and naturally “ If you will allow me,” said the hermit, good-hearted ; and at the “ I will accompany you. Perhaps I may be moment when this story useful to you. I am sometimes able to console the sorrowful.” opens, he was travelling on foot to see the world, and to learn philosophy and wisdom. Zadig felt a deep respect for the appear¬ But, hitherto, he had encountered so much ance, the white beard, and the mysterious misery, and endured so many terrible scroll of the old hermit, and perceived that disasters, that he had become tempted to rebel against the will of Heaven, and the; mysterious scroll. to believe that the Providence which rules the world neglects the good, and lets the evil prosper. In this unhappy spirit he was one day walking on the banks of the Euphrates, when he chanced to meet a venerable hermit, whose snowy beard descended to his girdle, and who carried in his hand a scroll which he was reading with attention. Zadig stopped, and made him a low bow. The hermit returned the salutation with an air so kindly, and so noble, that Zadig felt a curiosity to speak to him. He inquired what scroll was that which he was reading. “ It is the Book of Destiny,” replied the hermit, “would you like to read it?” He handed it to Zadig ; but the latter, though he knew a dozen languages, could not understand a word of it. His curiosity increased. “ You appear to be in trouble,” said the kindly hermit,

656 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. his conversation was that of a superior mind. golden basin, set with precious stones, which The old man spoke of destiny, of justice, of the old man had purloined. Zadig was morality, of the chief good of life, of human amazed ; but he said nothing. frailty, of virtue and of vice, with so much power and eloquence, that Zadig felt him¬ At noon the hermit stopped before a self attracted by a kind of charm, and be¬ little house, in which lived a wealthy miser, sought the hermit not to leave him until and once more asked for hospitality. An they should return to Babylon. old valet in a shabby coat received them very rudely, showed them into the stable, u I ask you the same favour,” said the and set before them a few rotten olives, hermit. “ Promise me that, whatever I some mouldy bread, and beer which had may do, you will keep me company for turned sour. The hermit ate and drank several days.” with as much con¬ Zadig gave the tent as he had promise; and they shown the night set forth together. before ; then, ad¬ dressing the old That night the valet, who had travellers arrived kept his eye upon at a grand man¬ them to make sion. The hermit sure that they begged for food stole nothing, he and lodging for gave him the two himself and his gold pieces whi:h companion. The they had received porter, who might that morningo,/ and have been mis¬ thanked him for taken for a prince, his kind atten¬ ushered them in tion. “ Be so with a contemp¬ good,\" he added, tuous air of wel¬ “ as to let me see come. The chief your master.” servant showed them the magnifi¬ The astonished cent apartments ; v a 1 e t showed and they were them in. then admitted to the bottom of the u Most mighty table, where the signor,” said the master of the hermit, “ I can mansion did not only render you condescend to cast m y h u mble a glance at them. thanks for the They were, how¬ noble manner in ever, served with which you have delicacies in pro¬ received us. I fusion, and after beseech you to dinner washed accept this golden their hands in a basin as a token of my gratitude.” golden basin set with emeralds and rubies. The miser almost fell backwards with They were then conducted for the night amazement. The hermit, without waiting into a beautiful apartment; and the next for him to recover, set off with speed, with morning, before they left the castle, a servant his companion. brought them each a piece of gold. “ Holy Father,” said Zadig, “ what does all this mean ? You seem to me to re¬ 1,1 The master of the house,” said Zadig, semble other men in nothing. You steal a as they went their way, “ appears to be a golden basin set with jewels from a Signor generous man, although a trifle haughty. who receives you with magnificence, and He practises a noble hospitality.” As lie you give it to a curmudgeon who treats spoke, he perceived that a kind of large you with indignity.” pouch which the hermit carried appeared “ My son,\" replied the hermit, “ this singularly distended ; within it was the

THE HERMIT 657 mighty lord, who only welcomes travellers praises of their host. At break of day the through vanity, and to display his riches, old man woke his comrade. will henceforth grow wiser, while the miser will be taught to practise hospitality. Be u We must be going,'’ he remarked. amazed at nothing, and follow me.’’ “ But while everyone is still asleep, I wish to leave this worthy man a pledge of my Zadig knew not whether he was dealing esteem.\" With these words, he took a torch with the most foolish or the wisest of all and set the house on lire. men. But the her¬ mit spoke with such THE HERMIT DREW HIM AWAY. ascendency that Za¬ dig, who besides was Zadig burst forth into cries of horror, and fettered by his pro¬ would have stopped the frightful act. But mise, had no choice the hermit, by superior strength, drew him except to follow him. away. The house was in a blaze ; and the old man, who was now a good way off with That night they his companion, looked back calmly at the came to an agreeable burning pile. house, of simple as¬ pect, and showing “Heaven be praised!\" he cried, “our signs of neither pro¬ kind host’s house is destroyed from top to digality nor avarice. bottom ! ’’ Th e owner was a philosopher, who had At these words Zadig knew not whether left the world, and he should burst out lambing, call the reve¬ who studied peace¬ rend father an old rascal, knock him down, fully the rules of or run away. But he did neither. Still virtue and of wisdom, subdued by the superior manner of the and who yet was hermit, he followed him against his will to happy and contented. their next lodging. He had built this calm retreat to please himself, and he received the strangers in it This was the dwelling of a good and with a frankness which displayed 110 sign of charitable widow, who had a nephew of ostentation. He conducted them himself to fourteen, her only hope and joy. She did a comfortable chamber, where he made them her best to use the travellers well ; and the rest awhile ; then he returned to lead them next morning she bade her nephew guide to a dainty little supper. During their con¬ them safely past a certain bridge, which, versation they agreed that the affairs of this having recently been broken, had become world are not always regulated by the dangerous to cross over. The youth, eager opinions of the wisest men. But the hermit to oblige them, led the way. still maintained that the ways of Providence are wrapt in mystery, and that men do “ Come,” said the hermit, when they were wrong to pass their judgment on a universe half across the bridge, “ I must show my of which they only see the smallest part. gratitude towards your aunt ; ” and as he Zadig wondered how a person who com¬ spoke he seized the young man by the hair mitted such mad acts could reason so cor¬ and threw him into the river. The youth rectly. At length, after a conversation as agree¬ able as instructive, the host conducted the two travellers to their apartment, and thanked heaven for sending him two visi¬ tors so wise and virtuous. He offered them some money, but so frankly that they could not feel offended. The old man declined, and desired to say farewell, as he intended to depart for Babylon at break of day. They therefore parted on the warmest terms, and Zadig, above all, was filled with kindly feel¬ ings towards so amiable a man. When the hermit and himself were m their chamber, they spent some time in

6:8 THE STRAND MAGAZINE. : ANGEL OF HEAVEN!” CRIED ZADIG, Zadig, “and even if you read the issue in your Book fell, reappeared for an instant on the sur¬ of Destiny, who gave you face, and then was swallowed by the power to drown a youth torrent. who never injured you ? ” “ Oh, monster ! ” exclaimed Zadig, “ oh, While he spoke, he most detestable of men ! \"- saw that the old man had a beard no longer, and “ You promised me more patience,” in¬ that his face had become terrupted the old man. “ Listen ! Beneath fair and young ; his her¬ the ruins of that house which Providence mit's frock had disap¬ saw fit to set on fire, the owner will dis¬ peared ; four white wings cover an enormous treasure ; while this covered his majestic form, young man, whose existence Providence and shone with dazzling cut short, would have killed his aunt within lustre. a year, and you yourself in two.” “ Angel of heaven ! ” “Who told you so, barbarian?” cried cried Zadig, “ you are then descended from the skies to teach an erring mortal to submit to the eternal laws ? \" “ Men,” replied the angel Jezrael, “ judge all things without knowledge ; and you, oi all men, most deserved to be enlightened. The world imagines that the youth who has just perished fell by chance into the water, and that by a like chance the rich man's house was set on fire. But there is no such thing as chance ; all is trial, or punishment, or foresight. Feeble mortal, cease to argue and rebel against what you ought to adore ! ” As he spoke these words the angel took his flight to heaven. And Zadig fell upon his knees.

TF5G 8 T R R D D 1H6RZIRG. January to June, 1891.



THE STBHIHD MJIGJ-IZI11E n Illustrated J)Jonihhg EDITED BY GEO. NEWNES Vol. 1. JANUARY TO JUNE Xoitbon: BURLEIGH STREET, STRAND 1891



INDEX ACTORS’ DRESSING ROOMS .. PAGE (Illustrations by W. II. J. Boot, R.B.A.) I78 ANECDOTES OF THE WAR PATH .. 576 (Written and Illustrated by Irving Montagu.) 70 ANIMALS’ HOSPITAL, AT THE.. ... . (Illustrations from Special Photographs and from Drawings by Miss MABEL HARDY.) 243 162 ARCHITECT’S WIFE, THE. From the Spanish of Antonio Trueba (Illustrations by SIDNEY Paget, and W. H. J. Boot, R.B.A.) ARTISTS ON LADIES’ DRESS, LETTERS FROM . (Illustrations by G. F. WATTS, R.A., Hon. John Collier, and Madame STARR CANZIANI.) BABIESJ—' A 1 L' X ±—J wO tI■ ••• •a• aaa ••• ••• ate ©C• aaa a0 5 0•• ... 348 (.Illustrations by JOHN GuLICH) . . 220 BARAK’S WIVES. A Story for Children, from the Hungarian of MORITZ Jokai 36 (.Illustrations by GORDON Browne, R.B.A.) ... 244 BELISAIRE’S PRUSSIAN {See Scenes of the Siege of Paris) ... 563 3i BIRTHDAY CARDS . ... (.Illustrations by EDGAR WILSON.) ... 206 ... 245 BLIND, HOW EDUCATED.. BOY SPY, TtlE {See Scenes of the Siege of Paris). BRIGHT, RIGHT HON. JOHN, FAC-SIMILE NOTES OF SPEECH OF... BURNSIDE, MISS HELEN M.... CAMILLE. From the French of Alfred de Musset ... .. ... 318 {Illustrations by H. FORESTIER.) ... 476 CANNIBAL KING, THE GUEST OF A.. ... 491 CAPTAIN JONES OF THE “ROSE.” By W. Clark Russell . (.Illustrations by W. Christian Symons.) CHILD WORKERS IN LONDON.. ... 531 (.Illustrations by Miss Le Quesne.) ... 197 CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, AT THE .. 220 {Illustrations by Miss Kate Crauford and Harold Oakley.) '552 105 CHILDREN’S STORIES 655 437 Barak’s Wives . 328 53t Enchanted Whistle, The Genies, The Two.. Hermit, The Spider’s Web, The. Stone-breaker, The COUNTY COURT, THE DAY WITH AN EAST-END PHOTOGRAPHER, A ... 453 (Illustrations by J. L. WlMBUSH.) U DEADLY DILEMMA, A. By Grant Allen By Henry W. Lucy (“ Toby, M.P.”) 254 (.Illustrations by W. RAINEY.) DECAY OF HUMOUR IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. (.Illustrations by F. C. GOULD.) DOGS, HOME FOR LOST . (.Illustrations by Miss Mabel D. HARDY.) DRESSING-ROOMS, ACTORS’ • * » • 4.« * 4> 0 a 4 ... I?8

66o INDEX. EAST-END PHOTOGRAPHER, A DAY WITH AN . • i•• *.o ... PAGE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY JULIET, AN. A Story founded on the French. By James Mortimer 453 (Illustrations by PAUL II.4RDY.) 447 •1j »»<< • 0% ENCHANTED WHISTLE, THE. From the French of Alex. Dumas 55: (.Illustrations by H. MlLLAR.) FAC-S LMILES Handbill of H. M. Stanley’s First Lecture . ..285 Humours of the Post Office. 520, 599 Novelists’ MSS.. .. ... 295 Playwrights’ MSS. .415 Sermon Notes by Cardinal Manning . 84 Speech by John Bright.206 FAIR SMUGGLER, A. From the Russian of Michael Lermontoff ... . ... 49 {Illustrations by W. B. WoLLEN, R.I.) FIRE BRIGADE, THE METROPOLITAN, ITS HOME, AND WORK ... .. 22 GENi-iS, THE TWO, A Story for Children. From the French of Voltaire ... ... ... ... 105 (Illustrations by JOHN GuLICH.) GRANDE CHARTREUSE, A NIGHT AT THE, By J. E. Muddock ..... ... ... 268 (.Illustrations by G. LAMBERT and HAROLD OAKLEY.) GUEST OF A CANNIBAL KING, THE. By J. E. Muddock „ ... 476 (.Illustrations by F. BANNISTER.) HERMIT, THE. From the French of Voltaire ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 655 (Illustrations by ALAN WRIGHT.) 295 HOW NOVELISTS WRITE FOR THE PRESS. Fac-similes of the MSS. of William Black, 563 Walter Besant, Bret IIarte, and Grant Allen.... ... 254 174 HOW THE BLIND ARE EDUCATED. By Edward Salmon . ... (Illustrations by John GuLICH.) HOUSE OF COMMONS, DECAY OF HUMOUR IN THE. By H. W. Lucy (“Toby, M.P.”) HOW THE REDOUBT WAS TAKEN. From the French of Prosper Merimee ... ... ... (Illustrations by SIDNEY PAGET.) JAMRACH’S . .429 . ... 628 (Illustrations by J. L. WlMBUSH.) . 527 JANKO THE MUSICIAN. From the Polish of SlENKiEWlCZ ... . 299 (Illustrations by H. R. MlLLAR.) JENNY. From the French of Victor Hugo... (Illustrations by CYRUS JOHNSON, R.I.) JERRY STOKES, By Grant Allen (.Illustrations by A. PEARSE.) KING’S STRATAGEM, THE. By S. J. Weyman... .. . 361 (Illustrations by PAUL HARDY.) LADIES’ DRESS, LETTERS FROM ARTISTS ON . . 162 ... 373 LADIES, A NEW INDUSTRY FOR . .. ... .<51 ^44 LANDSEER, A PICTURE-LETTER BY.. 402, 531, 638 LAW COURTS, THE STATE OF THE. 359 (Illustrations by A. LUDOVICI.) 5GI 487 LAWSON, SIR WILFRID . 648 422 LONDON, CHILD WORKERS IN. LONDON, OLD STONE SIGNS OF . LOST DOGS, HOME FOR . LUCKIEST MAN IN THE COLONY, THE. By E. W. Hornung {Illustrations by A. PEARSE.) MAID OF TREPPI, THE. From the German of PAUL HEYSE ... ... ... ... ... 57 i33 ■0^5p* (Illustrations by Gordon Browne, R.B.A.) 357 MAKING AN ANGEL. By J. Harwood Panting . ... {Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE, R.B.A.) 22 MATHEW, FATHER. METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADE, THE : ITS HOME AND WORK . {Illustrations from Special Photographs by the LONDON STEREOSCOPIC COMPANY, and Drawings by Miss Mabel Hardy and W. B. Wollen, R.L)

INDEX. 661 MINISTER’S 'CRIME, THE. By Maclaren Cobban ... PAGE Illustrations by W. S. STACEY.) ... 18$ MINT, THE . ... 143 78 MIRROR, THE. From the French of Leo Lespes. Illustrations by N. Prescott Davies). ... 143 MONEY MANUFACTORY, OUR . {Illustrations by J. JOHNSON.) NEW INDUSTRY FOR LADIES, A. By Miss Grace Harriman. ... 373- Illustrations by Miss I. G. Brittain.) ... 268 NIGHT AT THE GRANDE CHARTREUSE, A. ... 624 ... 124 NIGHT IN AN OPIUM DEN, A. By the Author of “ A Dss.d Man’s Diary” ... 466 ... 295 {Illustrations by J. L. WlMBUSH.) NIGHT WITH THE THAMES POLICE, A .. Illustrations by John Gulich.) NOTORIOUS MISS ANSTRUTHER, THE. By E. W. Hornung ... Illustrations by W. S. STACEY.) NOVELISTS, HOW THEY WRITE FOR THE PRESS . OLD STONE SIGNS OF LONDON .. 487 356 {Written and illustrated by C. B. B. Barrett.) 39i ON THE STUMP FOR THE PUMP. By Sir Wilfrid Lawson ... M3 (.Illustrations by J. F. Sullivan, C. Harrison, and from Photographs.) 57i ORCHIDS: FROM A POPULAR POINT OF VIEW. Illustrations by J. H. HlPSLEY.) OUR MONEY MANUFACTORY . . {Illustrations by J. JOHNSON.) OUT OF A PIONEER’S TRUNK. By Bret Harte. {Illustrations by A. PEARSE.) PASTOR’S DAUGHTER, THE. From the German of Julius Tiieis ... 539 {Illustrations by A. PEARSE.) 210 PASSION IN THE DESERT, A. From the French of Balzac... • •• cat act 334 (,Illustrations by A. PEARSE.) 335 PICTURE-LETTER, A. By Sir Edwin Landseer . 308 PICTURES WITH HISTORIES . ii5 Illustrations from pictures by Reynolds, GAINSBOROUGH, LANDSEER, and E. T. PARRIS, and Drawings by Alan Wright.) 3 72 161 PIECE OF GOLD, THE. From the French ol Francois CoppEe 377 5i7 {Illustrations by J. FlNNEMORE.) 278 2 77 PISTOL-SHOT, THE. From the Russian of Alexander Pushkin 5i9 593 {Illustrations by Paul Hardy.) 155 5H PORTRAITS OF CELEBRITIES AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THEIR LIVES 284 Albani, Madame. 597 Millais, Sir John E., Bart. (R.A.)... 43 46 Argyll, Duke of. 280 Patti, Adelina ... ... ... ... 41 ... 375 Bancroft, Mr. and Mrs. . 159 Pettitt, II. ••• 44 ... 374 Barrett, Wilson. 512 Pinero, A. II. ... ... • •. 59i ••■ 281 Black, V. illiam.282 Princess Beatrice • •. .. » 513 ... 371 Blackie, Professor . 42 Queen, Her, Majesty the 373 ... 592 Bradlaugh, Charles . 376 Rorke, Miss Mary 283 •« • Clarence and Avondale, Duke of ... 594 Rorke, Miss Kate ... ... ••• Empress of Germany . 279 Ruskin, John ... ... ••• Farjeon, B. L.515 Sims, George R. .• ... act Fife, Duchess of. 595 Stanley, Henry M. ... Of. George, Prince . 596 Spurgeon, Rev. C. II. ... ... ... Gladstone, W. E. 156 Swinburne, Algernon C. ... ... Granville, Eari. 370 Tennyson, Lord Haggard, H. Rtder . 48 Terriss, William Hare, John. 158 Terry, Miss Ellen ... • • • Huxley, Professor . 160 Terry, Miss Marion ... «*. Irving, Henry .. 45 Toole, J. L.. ... • • • Jansen, Miss Agnes . 598 Tree, PI. Beerbohm Joachim, Herr . 516 Wallis, Sir Provo ••• ... Watts, G. F. (R.A.) ,,, ♦ •« Jones, Henry A. 518 Langtry, Mrs.157 Webster, Sir Richard •. • ... Lubbock, Sir J., Bart. 47 Willard, E. S. Manning, Cardinal ... ... 154 Wyndham, Charles •> ♦ •

662 INDEX. PAGE POST OFFICE, HUMOURS OF THE. With Fac-similes. 520, 599 QUEEN OF SPADES, THE. From the Russian of Alexander Pushkin ... ... ... ... 87 .226 {Illustrated by Paul Hardy.) QUEEN’S FIRST BABY, THE . — .. — RYNARD GOLD REEF COMPANY, LIMITED. By Walter Besant .586 {Illustrated by W. S. Stacey.) SCENES OF THE SIEGE OF PARIS . 31 1.—The Boy Spy. 2. — Belisaire’s Prussian. From the French of Alphonse DauDET. {Illustrations by SIDNEY PAGET.) SCIENCE, THE VOICE OF. ... 312 SERMON BY CARDINAL MANNING, FAC-SIMILE NOTES OF A . ... 84 SHAW, CAPTAIN . 22 SILVER HARVEST, A ... ... 634 ( Written and Illustrated by PL Tuck ) SLAP-BANG. From the French of Jules Claretie ... ISO {Illustrations by W. RAINEY.) SMUGGLER, A FAIR ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 49 . . ... 258 SNOWSTORM, THE. From the Russian of Alexander Pushkin {Illustrations by PAUL PlARDY.) SPEECH BY JOHN BRIGHT, FAC-SIMILE OF NOTES OF A . ... 206 SPIDER'S WEB, THE. From the French of JaQues Normand ... ... 437 {Illustrations by Gordon Browne, R.B.A.) STATE OF THE LAW COURTS, THE. 402, 53U 638 {Illustrations by by A. LiJDOVlCl.) STONE-BREAKER, THE. From the French of Quatrelles ... ... 328 {Illustrations by Alan W. WRIGHT.) STORIES OF THE VICTORIA CROSS: TOLD BY THOSE WHO HAVE WON IT. 236, 410, 547 {Illustrations by Harry Payne, Sydney Paget, and W. B. Wollen, R.l.) STORY OF THE STRAND, THE. .. . 4 {Illustrations by G. C. Haite.) THAMES POLICE, A NIGHT WITH THE ... . 124 {Illustrations by JOHN GuLICH.) 397 THING THAT GLISTENED, A. By F. R. Stockton. 612 {Illustrations b)7 F. Feller.) 559 THREE BIRDS ON A STILE. By B. L. Farjeon .. 57 {Illustrations by Gordon Browne.) 343 TORTURE BY HOPE, A. From the French of Villiers de l’isi.e-Adam ... {Illustrations by Paul PIardy.) TREPPI, THE MAID OF . TWO FISHERS. From the French of Gity de Maupassant . {Illustrations by Leslie Brooke.) VICTORIA CROSS, STORIES OF THE. 286, 410, 547 . 312 VOICE OF SCIENCE, THE. By A. Conan Doyle {Illustrations by W. S. STACEY.) WALTZ IN PWUST, THE. By Richard Dowling 382 {Illustrations by Ernest G. Beach.) UNWIN BROTHERS, PRINTERS, 27, PILQRJM STREET, LUDGALp HII.L, E.Q.

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XV111 ADVER TISEMENTS. NOBODY WANTS THAT COLD RING. OR nearly ioo years a certain family where it had no business to be. But as the of working people living in Paris weak and torpid liver could not remove it, no have ended their lives by suicide. other result was possible than the one our friend From father to son, from mother to experienced. His head frequently ached as though fiends had turned it into a workshop, daughter, has descended a plain gold ring, and and pains chased one another through his body on the finger of every one of these suicides, as as though he had at least half the maladies they lay in death, this ring has been found. catalogued in the popular books on disease. Only last year the body of a young man who had killed himself was brought to the Morgue, Yet one thing, and one only, was responsible and on his finger was the fatal golden circlet. for all the mischief, namely, the poison intro¬ He was the last of his race. The. ring was duced into the blood from the decaying food in buried with the corpse, from which no one the stomach and intestines. • The cold feet, the acquainted with its history will have the courage loss of appetite and ambition, the mental des¬ to remove it. pondency, the sense of weariness and fatigue, the bad taste in the mouth, dry cough, giddiness, The mental taint in this family came from palpitation, chills, weakness, &c., are a brood some remote ancestor, and was intensified by of foul birds hatched in one nest, and the mother their recognition of it until it became a con¬ is always indigestion and dysyepsia. trolling force ; and the ring was accepted as imposing- upon its possessor the obligation to Time passed somehow, as it always does, commit suicide, after the example of the person whether we laugh or cry, and this man grew who last wore it. This form of mania usually heartily tired of a life thus burdened and spoiled. originates in a disorder of the nervous system, He longed to see the end of it, and no wonder. which in its turn arises from anaemia, or poverty But the last page of his letter is pitched in a of the blood, one of the results of imperfect higher key. Fie says, “When I think of what nutrition. I was, and what I am now, I can hardly realise the change. For the past six months I have A recent letter from a gentleman living in been using a preparation known as Mother Norfolk contains the following assertion* “/ Seigel’s Curative Syrup, and it has actually longed for death; 1 was afraid of the night; revolutionised my whole system. One of my 1 was afraid to be alone, yet I haded society. tenants recommended it to me, and I tried it / was afraid that in some one of those hours of just to please him. Now I praise it for myself, deep gloom and depression I should lift my hand and thank the men who make and advertise it. against my own life, for I knew that many had My troubles are over, and I feel (at 57) as light, done so from the same caused The dark hours elastic and gay as a boy on his summer vaca¬ became a time of terror to him, so he says. tion. I tell my doctors they are beaten at their He tossed and tumbled on his bed, wondering own trade by an old German nurse, and so far if morning would ever dawn again. In this case as I am concerned they can’t deny it. I have it was not an accusing conscience, as he had no more horrible thoughts of self-destruction, committed no offence ; the cause was purely for I find too much enjoyment in living. My a physical one—yet all too common in England thanks are too deep for words.” —indigestion and dyspepsia, with the long chain of consequences dragging after it, nervous col¬ The author of this letter consents to the pub¬ lapse among them. lication of so much of it as is here printed, but declines to allow the use of his name, at least He relates that his skin and eyes had been for the present, for reasons we are bound to more or less discoloured for years, often of a respect. But the evident sincerity of his story ghastly and repulsive yellow. This was due to will carry conviction to every candid mind. the presence of bile in the blood and tissues.

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