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Hcp ]gb ]pkvXIw

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F´v sImïv \\n§Ä¡nSbn \\n¶v aqeyt_m[apÅ hnZymk¼¶À ]ndhnsbSp¡p¶nÃ?- ( hn. JpÀB³ 78/11 ) 3



kaÀ¸Ww P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑sâ \\à `‑mKh‑p‑w ‑sNehg‑n¨ k‑vI‑qÄ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v P‑oh‑nX¯‑n \\‑n¶‑v, C³Ì{K‑m‑w doÂ-kn\\pw BÀ‑s‑s¡-h‑n-e‑pÅ Ì‑mäk‑n\\p-a-¸pdw, P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑te¡‑v H¶‑p‑w ]IÀ¯‑m‑t\\‑m ]T‑n¡‑m‑t\\‑m I-gn-bmsX ‑t]‑mb Hc‑p ]ä‑w _‑mey- I‑ua‑mc b‑uh\\§Ä¡‑v.

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Cu ASn sIm­>Xv \\½psS Xs¶ IcW¯mtWm ? A£c‑mÀ°¯‑n a\\‑pj‑y³ \\‑nÊl‑mb\\‑mb, X‑sâ \\‑nd‑w, P‑mX‑n, \\‑of‑w, XS‑n, a‑pS‑n, aä‑p ic‑oc ‑s‑shh‑n[‑y§Ä F¶‑nh‑sb Xa‑mi‑sb¶ H‑ma\\‑t¸c‑n«‑v If‑nb‑m¡‑n BßcX‑nbSb‑p¶hc‑p‑sS a‑pJ¯‑v!! #Not_All_Jokes_are_Funny 11

Øm\\w k³l I_oÀ Ipªp¶mÄ apX 'BZy'sa¶v a\\Ên P]n¸n¨p. 'Ahkm\\t¯'Xv Fs´¶dnbmsX Pohn¨ncp¶t¸mÄ Ipªdnªnà 'BZyw' Hcp\\mÄ Xs¶ ssIhnSpsa¶v. temIw apgph³ 'BZys¯' Nqïn¡m«n ]pIgv¯n t{]mÕmln¸n¨t¸mÄ 'Ahkm\\w Ft¸mtgm Bcpadnbm¯ iq\\yXbnte¡v hgnamdn. 'BZy's¯ kpJhntij§Ä Bthit¯msS tNmZn¨dnªt¸mÄ 'Ahkm\\w' AhnsS hnXp¼n t\\m¡n. BZyambn lrZb¯n sIm¯nsh¨ B tamlw Fs¶t¶¡pambn CÃmXmbt¸mÄ B Ipªp lrZbw at®mSp tNÀ¶p. 12

RC-´m³y apl½Zv- lm^nkv hbÊ‑v 74, k‑z‑mX{´³. cï‑p ]X‑nä‑mï‑n\\‑n¸‑pd‑w \\‑oï \\‑n{Zb‑n \\‑n¶‑p R‑m\\‑pWÀ¶‑p. I®‑mS‑nb‑n ‑t\\‑m¡‑n, AÛ‑pX‑w-! R‑m³ X‑s¶b‑m‑tW‑m CX‑v? k‑vt\\l‑t¯‑mS‑p‑w Hc‑pa‑tb‑mS‑p‑w Ig‑nª‑nc‑p¶ F‑sâ P\\§Ä ‑s‑sZh\\‑ma‑w Dc‑ph‑n«‑p ]ck‑v]c‑w Gä‑pa‑p«‑p¶‑p. Ch‑n‑sS K‑mÔ‑nb‑nÃ, ‑s\\l‑v-d‑ph‑pa‑nÃ, ‑tK‑mU‑vtkb‑p‑w ‑tK‑mÄh‑m¡d‑p‑w a‑m{X‑w. ] i‑ph‑p‑w ]i‑nb‑p‑w a‑m{X‑w! \\‑nÊl‑mb\\‑mW‑v R‑m³ , Ad‑nh‑pï‑v, Ad‑nh‑pÅhc‑pï‑v, ‑tP‑me‑nb‑nÃ. \\‑oX‑nb‑p‑w A\\‑oX‑nb‑p‑w X½‑n a‑md‑n‑t¸‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. FX‑n‑sc ]db‑p¶h‑sc‑sb‑m¶‑p‑w I‑mW‑m\\‑nÃ. ‑tN‑mc¡d Iï‑p. ‑sI‑m¶‑p XÅ‑nbX‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑m‑w. I®‑mS‑nb‑ne‑pÅX‑v R‑m³ X‑s¶b‑m‑sW ¶‑pd¸‑n¡‑m³ kab‑saS‑p¯‑p \\‑oï Dd¡‑w X‑s¶b‑mW‑v \\ ÃX‑v. 13

knw]nÄ krãn kmÀ, amKkn\\ntes¡mcp ]pXnb krãn th-Ww. Hcp ]pXnb km[\\w \\yq sP³ Xs¶ Bbnt¡ms« \\msf {]Ên t]mhm\\pÅXmWv. kabsaSp¡ptam kmÀ? F´n\\p ! Zm ]nSnt¨m... amdv, aqSv, ape, HmÀKmkw, \\me©v sXdn-IÄ... CsXm¶v A¸pd¯pw C¸pd¯pambn hmcn hnXtdïtX D-Åq. knw]nÄ! ]ns¶ thsdbpapïv. {^jv sFäwkv ]ns¶ apIfn ]dª GsX¦nepw H¶v ]¨¡v X-s¶ CtaPv Bbn IqsS ht¶ms« t«m ! ]mÀ«n kt½f\\¯n IhmS¯nsâ ap¶n sh¨Xnt\\¡mÄ H¶v tPmÀ Bhmw... 14

Np‑ hcn‑ ‑se I‑p¯‑nhcIf‑pw‑ a\\Ê‑n‑sâ s‑ s‑ hI‑rX‑ §fp‑ ‑w ku‑ l‑rZ‑w h‑oW‑pSª ¢m‑ kv‑ ap‑ d‑nIf‑p‑w BZÀiw‑ \\ã‑s¸«- v‑ s‑ s‑ ew‑ Kn‑ IXbn‑  A`bw‑ t‑ XSp‑ ¶ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑n hn‑ ¹hIm‑ cn‑ If‑p‑w H¶n‑ ¨‑p t‑ Nc‑pt‑ ¼m‑ ‑tg- ¡‑v Hcp‑ Ie‑meb‑w ]q‑ À¯n‑ b‑mI‑p¶‑p? D·‑mZ elcn‑ bn‑  Du‑ Xn‑ h‑nSp‑ ¶- ]p‑ I IW-‑s¡ ]‑pd¯n‑ d§p‑ ¶ _n‑ cp‑ Z[m‑ cn‑ IÄ-¡‑v ]‑pXn‑ b I‑me-‑s¯ t‑ \\c‑mwh®w‑ \\n‑ ÀhN‑n¡‑m³ km‑ [‑n¡‑p¶p‑ ‑? A‑tX‑m k‑z´w‑ Po‑ hn‑ X¯n‑ -‑sâ AÀ°‑w t‑ XS‑n -AhÀ Aebp‑ Ib‑mt‑ Wm‑ ? 15 15

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Dan apl½Zv- \\_vlm³ \\ãs¸« IqSv, \\nb{´W§fnÃm¯ ]mhw XeapdbpsS HmÀas¸Sp¯epIÄ, Nnet¸mÄ AXv ]Xncmbn amdntb¡mw. Imän AXv ]d¶pbcpw Xobn AXv \\odn¯ocpw Dan Hcp ASbmfs¸Sp¯emWv Ibdqcnhn« ]mhw InSm§fpsS Ime¯nsâ t\\À¡pÅ ]Sws]mgn¡Â! 17

apl½Zv- dk ]-cn-Wm-aw 1.0 ap-¯-Ñ-s\\ I-ï-t¸mÄ A-ѳ F-Wo-äv A-cn-In-te-¡v am-dn-\\n-¶p A-Ñ-s\\ I-ï-t¸mÄ Rm-s\\m-¶v F-Wo-än-cp-¶p Fs¶ Iï­Ah³............. AXn\\v Ahs\\s¶ ImWnÃtÃm I¿nse A©n©n \\n¶v apJsams¶Woäm AXpXs¶ `mKyw. ]-cn-Wm-aw 2.0 ap-¯-ѳ So-¨-dm-bn-cp-¶p F-Ãm-h-cpw am-tj- F-¶p hn-fn-¨p ap-¯-Èn So-¨-dm-bn-cp-¶p F-Ãm-h-cpw So¨td F-¶p hn-fn-¨p Rm-\\pw A[ym]I\\m-Wv A-h-sc-s¶ 'ssa%*' F¶p hn-fn-¡pw. 18

apl½Zv- PZoÀ {]iv\\w a{Zkbn t]mhp¶ s]¬ Ip«nIfpsS X«amWv {]iv\\w. lÃ! AhÀ B X«w CSp¶Xv AhcpsS Cã {] Imcw Bbncn¡ptam ? C½mXncn InSntemkv-In tNmZyw ! lÃm !!! aZvdkbn t]mhp¶ B¬Ip«nIÄ CSp¶ ]mâpw Ip¸mbhpw AhcpsS Cã{]Imcw Xs¶ Bbncn¡ptam ? AtXm aXw Xe¡v ]nSn¨ c£nXm¡fpsS \\nÀ_Ô{]Imcambncn¡ptam ? B Ip«nIÄ¡v ep¦ntbm, {Suktdm Asæn H¶pw CSmsX t]mhm³ Bbncn¡ptam Cãw ? lsænepw R½Ä B¬ Ipt«ymÄ¡v tNmbv¡m\\pw ]dbm\\pw BcqÃtÃm. lbv-t¡ms« ! 19

WE’RE HIRING A COMPLETE TROLLEN Age Limit: 13-23 Qualification : sXmgnenÃmbva, Bhiy¯ne[nIw Hgnhv kabw ‘tI«]mXn’ Hcp aqe¡v sh¨v ‘tI¡m¯ ]mXn’sb Nfn akmebpw Ip¯n¯ncn¸pw tX¨v tdmÌv sN¿m³ {]tXyI IgnhpÅ PphXo Pphm¡Ä¡v Ahkcw ©Metaverse Chali Union 20 20

Professional -Wise Distribuition Of Suicides 2020 ( India ) 21

{K-l-Ww 22 AÂ^n\\ AIv_À kz-]v-\\-§-fn a-Xn-a-d-¶-h³ Np-äp-ap-Å-sX-Ãmw sh-dpw sI-«p-I-Y-IÄ am-{Xw. k-¼m-Zn-¡m³ s\\-t«m-«-tam-Sp-¶-h\\v Np-äp-ap-Å-sX-Ãmw N-c-¡p-IÄ am-{Xw. H-¯n-cn B-{K-lm-`n-em-j-§-fp-tS-bpw {]-Xo-£-I-fp-sS-bpw \\n-g A-h-\\n \\n-¶v a-d-¨p-sh-¨ F-{X-sb-{X A-dn-hp-IÄ. 22

Iym¼kv a-©qcn (e£Wsam¯Xv) Al½Zv- jmln³ tNcp-hIÄ a‑m‑t\\P‑v-saâ‑v - \\‑s«Ã‑nÃ‑m¯X‑v 01 .h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIÄ - Bhi‑y¯‑n\\‑v (h‑nZ‑y AÀY‑n¡‑p¶hÀ I‑n«‑m³ _‑p²‑na‑p«‑m‑sW¦‑n ‑s‑sh_‑v AÀY‑n¡‑p¶hÀ Bb‑me‑p‑w aX‑n) A[‑y‑m]IÀ / `‑oc‑p¡Ä 25 .kac‑w (]‑mI¯‑n\\[‑nI‑w ) sIc‑m‑th‑m (CS¡‑nS¡‑v ) .X½‑n XÃ‑v (I‑q‑sS¡‑q‑sS) K‑y‑m§‑pIÄ (C³Ì‑m{K‑m‑w A¡‑u‑tï‑mS‑p I‑qS‑nbX‑v) 5 C A[‑nI‑w d‑oÂk‑v- (Bhi‑y¯‑ne[‑nI‑w) .¹¡‑mÀU‑pIÄ / ‑t\\‑m«‑ok‑v ‑t_‑mÀU‑pIÄ - 20 k¹‑n Hc‑mÄ¡‑v 3 F®‑w h‑oX‑w .‑sPk‑n_‑n - 1 ‑te‑md‑n (‑sNI‑p¯‑m³ F¶‑v Fg‑pX‑nbX‑v ) - 2 .Rx100 ‑s‑s_¡‑v (‑s‑ske³kÀ a‑mä‑nbX‑v) - 10 U‑n ‑sP ]‑mÀ«‑n (]¨ aª N‑ph¸‑v IfÀ ‑s‑seä‑pI‑tf‑mS‑v I‑qS‑nb ‑thZ‑n‑tb‑mS‑v I‑qS‑nbX‑v ) .IfÀ (Bhi‑y¯‑n\\‑p‑w A\\‑mhi‑y¯‑n\\‑p‑w) I©‑mh‑v (h‑oc‑y‑w I‑qS‑nbX‑v 1 I‑n‑te‑m) .I©‑mh‑v (h‑oc‑y‑w I‑pdªX‑v 2 I‑n‑te‑m ) ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIX ]‑q¡‑p¶b‑nS‑w 3 (\\½f‑nSa‑mb‑me‑p‑w aX‑n) X¿m-dm-t¡-ï cq]w \\‑s«Ã‑nÃ‑m¯ a‑m‑t\\P‑v-satâ‑mSv I‑qSn A‑t©¡À N«‑nb‑n‑te¡‑v Hc‑p _‑nÂU‑nM‑v CS‑pI, X‑pSÀ¶‑v A[‑y‑m]I‑sc ‑sI‑mï‑v c‑mh‑n‑se a‑pX ‑s‑shI‑p‑t¶c‑w h‑sc h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nI‑sf A‑sæ‑n ‑s‑sh_‑mÀY‑nI‑sf Cf¡‑n‑s¡‑mS‑p¡‑p‑I. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIf‑p‑sS/s‑sh_‑mÀY‑nIf‑p‑sS `‑mK¯‑p \\‑n¶‑v hà ‑s]‑m«e‑p‑w N‑oäe‑p‑w ‑tIÄ¡‑pIb‑m‑sW¦‑n X‑pSÀ¶‑pÅ H‑m‑tc‑m ‑sFä‑wk‑p‑w ‑tX‑m¶‑nb a‑mX‑nc‑n N«‑nb‑n‑te¡‑n«‑v Cf¡‑nb‑m aX‑n. ‑sFä‑wk‑v I‑q«‑p¶X‑n\\‑p‑w I‑pd¡‑p¶X‑n\\‑pa‑\\‑pkc‑n¨‑v \\‑n§Ä¡‑v thï I‑y‑m¼k‑m¡‑n a‑mä‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v. X‑pSÀ¶‑v Cã‑m\\‑pkcW‑w C³Ì{K‑ma‑n‑te‑m k‑v\\‑m¸‑v N‑mä‑n‑te‑m b‑qS‑q_‑n‑te‑m C«‑v ‑tkh‑n¡‑m‑w. 23 23

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INDEX 25

Achbdn‑ \\‑pt‑ hï‑n A]c\\‑pa‑p¼‑n ‑ss‑ I\\‑o«p‑ ¶hÀ¡‑v Nn‑ e‑sXÃ‑m‑w k‑z]v‑\\§fm‑ W‑v, Ah‑scb‑pw‑ Iq‑ ‑sS¡‑q«e‑mWv‑ h‑nZym‑ `ym‑ kw‑ . 26

^Ìv s_Â 27

HALF 28

AcpXv apl½Zv- Dsshkv kv-Iqfnsâ Xncpap³]nsemcp DZym\\apïv t\\m¡msX ¢mÊnte¡v s]mt¡mWw. tIdn hcp¶ hgnbn Nne a\\pjycpïv anïnbm XÃv sImÅpw. ¢mÊnte¡pÅ hgnbn Npïn aqfm³ sh¼n \\n¡p¶ ]m«pïmhpw ]mSnbm taep t\\mhpw thKw ¢mÊnse¯Ww. ]Tn¡m\\pïv Ipsd.... ]co£¡v F ¹kv Xs¶ hm§Ww.... ]Tn¨v ]Tn¨v henb BfmhWw.... Blm ...F¶n«v ... F¶ns«´m ... F¶n«v B{Kl§sfms¡ km[n¡Ww. Blm ! GXv ? H¶v t\\m¡m\\pÅ , anïm\\pÅ , ]mSm\\pÅ B{Kl§Ä ... Abv\\v ¶m kv-Iqfn t]mhmsX \\n¶m Ct¸m Xs¶ km[n¡mtem hey Bfmhmtem !! 29 29

apl½Zv- lm^nkv c‑m{ã \\‑nÀa‑nX‑nb‑p‑sS ]W‑n¸‑pc, k‑zÀ¤ I‑meL«§f‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w AX‑v H‑t¶ kÀK‑mßIXb‑p‑sS h‑nf\\‑ne‑w, \\‑m‑sfb‑p‑sS ‑D-Å‑p-‑sh¶‑p‑w, AX‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v X-‑s¶ A-X‑v hf- ka‑ql \\‑nÀa‑nX‑nb‑p‑sS Beb§Ä ‑sc B-\\-µ-‑t¯‑m-‑sS I-g‑n-b-W-‑sa¶‑p-‑sa‑m-‑s¡ F‑s¶‑m‑s¡ h‑n‑tij‑n¸‑n¡‑s¸S‑p¶ \\½‑p‑sS i-c‑n X‑s¶. F¶‑m B ic‑nb‑p‑sS ]c‑n[‑n Ie‑meb§f‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w GX‑m\\‑p‑w hÀ‑ F{Xb‑mW‑v? Fh‑n‑sS h‑scb‑mW‑v? j§f‑mb‑n ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w AX‑p hg‑n c‑m{ã ]‑p‑tc‑mKX‑n¡‑p‑w e`‑n¨ k‑w`‑mh\\ ‑s‑s_¡‑v, {S‑n¸‑v , ‑s‑s^\\‑mÀS‑vk‑v F´‑mW‑v? H‑m‑tc‑m _Pä‑pIf‑p‑w D¶X ‑tU, ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v ‑tU, U‑n ‑sP, K‑mM‑nk‑w, h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk ‑taJe¡‑mb‑n ‑tI‑mS‑nIÄ h‑mb‑vt\\‑m«‑w , C³Ì‑m{K‑m‑w d‑oÂk‑v ]‑pX‑nb I‑pe‑p¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ Ahb‑p‑sS‑sbÃ‑m‑w ‑s‑s^\\ I‑me‑s¯ e£W‑sa‑m‑s¯‑mc‑p I‑y‑m¼k‑mb‑n. H‑u«‑v]‑p«‑v F´‑mW‑v? Hä‑s¸« N‑ne \\à ]‑mÀ«‑n‑s¡‑mS‑nIÄ DbÀ¶‑p ‑s]‑m´‑p¶‑nS‑w h‑mÀ¯I‑sf‑mg‑n¨‑m \\½‑p‑sS ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v I‑qS‑nb‑m‑sW¦‑n k‑z‑X{´ ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIXb‑mW‑v I‑y‑m¼k‑pIÄ Hc‑p a‑n\\‑n FâÀ‑s‑sS³‑saâ‑v ]‑pX‑nb ‑s{S³U‑v. ‑t{]ah‑p‑w I‑mah‑p‑w ‑skI‑vk‑v ]‑mÀ¡‑mb‑n a‑md‑n F¶X‑n‑t\\¡‑mÄ F´‑v h‑n¯‑v I¬‑skâ‑p‑w ‑tl‑m«‑v ‑tS‑m¸‑n¡‑pIf‑mW‑v. ‑t]‑mk‑nä‑oh‑v a‑mäa‑mW‑v I‑me{I‑taW k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n- kÀK‑mßIXI‑sb¶‑m k‑zhÀ¤ cX‑nb‑p‑w «‑pÅX‑v? k‑z-X-{´ ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIXb‑pa‑m‑sW¶‑mW‑v ]£‑w. ‑tN¨‑n‑s¸®‑n\\‑p‑w A\\‑nb³ ‑sN¡\\‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑pI F¶X‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑w cï‑m‑w ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIX ]‑q¡‑p¶b‑nS‑w X¸‑m\\‑pÅ Xc‑a‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w, _‑m¡‑v ‑s_©À / Dg¸³ CSa‑mW‑v I‑y‑m-¼k‑v. Bh‑nj‑vI‑mc k‑z‑mX‑ / k¹‑nIf‑pa‑mb‑n A½‑m\\a‑mS‑p¶h³ {´‑y‑w, kÀK‑mßIX, h‑yà‑nX‑z‑w, h‑yà‑n F¶ {]‑tb‑mK§‑sf‑m‑s¡ a‑mÊ‑pa‑mh‑p¶ k‑z‑mX{´‑y‑w F¶‑nhb‑p‑sS‑sbÃ‑m‑w AÀ°‑ta Ie‑n I‑me‑w. ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v I‑me‑w F¶X‑v a‑md‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. lbÀ‑ ‑sk¡ïd‑n Xe‑ G‑sX‑mc‑mf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑se k‑phÀW, §f‑n h‑sc C‑u a‑mä§Ä {]ISa‑mW‑v. 30

I‑m¼k‑pIf‑p‑sS ]À¸k‑v X‑s¶ a‑md‑nb‑n«‑p‑tï‑m F¶‑m-‑te‑m-N‑n¨‑v, ‑s‑skU‑v _‑nk‑n\\k‑n‑s\\ F‑s¶‑mc‑p AS‑nb´‑nc N‑n´b‑mh‑m‑w. ‑sab‑n³ _‑nk‑n\\k‑m¡‑n A[‑y‑m]-\\‑s¯ ‑s‑skU‑v _‑nk‑n\\k‑mb‑n I‑mW‑p¶ A[‑y‑m] ‑skÂ^‑v ^‑n\\‑m³k‑n‑wK‑v Ic‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w I‑qS‑pX‑se‑m¶‑p‑w {] Ø‑m]\\§f‑p‑sS AhØb‑mW‑v G‑sd X‑o£‑n¡‑p¶X‑p‑w ic‑nbÃ. Hc‑p Hg‑p¡‑n k¦S-Ic‑w. a‑m‑t\\P‑vsaâ‑pIÄ‑t¡‑m A[‑y‑m] a‑p‑t¶‑m«‑v ‑t]‑mh‑p¶ {]Ø‑m\\‑w F¶X‑n IÀ‑t¡‑m h‑nce\\¡‑m³ t]mepw ]ä‑m¯ Ih‑nª‑v I‑y‑m¼‑k‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑v H¶‑p‑w {] k‑mlN-c‑y‑w. h‑m§‑mh‑p¶ ^‑ok‑n\\‑v kÀ¡‑mÀ X‑o£‑n¡‑m³ \\‑nÀh‑mla‑nÃ‑m¯‑n\\‑v C§‑s\\b‑p‑w h‑ne§‑v ‑sh¨‑t¸‑mÄ \\S¯‑n‑t¸‑mh‑m\\‑pÅ N‑ne I‑mcW§f‑pï‑v. Hc‑p Hg‑p¡‑n ¢‑mÊ‑n ‑sNeh‑n\\‑v a‑pg‑ph³ k‑oä‑pIf‑n‑te¡‑p‑w Ibd‑p¶‑p, ]c‑o£ Fg‑pX‑p-¶‑p, F¶X‑ne¸‑pd‑w AU‑va‑nj³ ]qÀ¯nbm¡ntb ]äq F¦nepw A¡‑mZa‑nI‑v \\‑neh‑mca‑pÅ NÀ¨If‑p‑w, CS‑s] ]e ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w k‑oä‑pIÄ Hg‑nª‑v Se‑pIf‑p‑w {I‑nb‑mßI k‑wh‑mZ§f‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w {] I‑nS¸‑mW‑v. FXnÀ i_v-Z§Ä k‑z´‑w lk\\‑w a‑m{Xa‑mW‑n¶‑v. NAAC h‑nk‑nä‑n\\‑pÅ i‑nj‑yKW§Ä X‑s¶ I¯‑n ‑sI‑mï‑p‑w N‑ne ‑s]‑mS‑n‑s‑s¡IÄ, ‑tk‑mj‑y ‑s‑sI¿‑q¡‑v ‑sI‑mï‑p‑w X‑mg‑v¯‑p¶ Ie‑nI‑me‑w. a‑oU‑nbb‑n‑se Ì‑mäk‑n‑te¡‑pÅ N‑ne hÀj§f‑p‑sS kÀh‑ok‑n‑s\\‑mS‑p¡‑w ‑t]‑mÌd‑pIÄ. Chb‑ne¸‑pd‑w I‑y‑m¼k‑pIf‑n ih¯‑n‑sâ a‑pIf‑ne‑pÅ d‑o¯‑v k½‑m\\a‑mb‑n \\‑n¶‑v c‑m{ã¯‑n\\‑p‑w ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w C\\‑n Gä‑p h‑m§‑p¶ A[‑y‑m]IÀ F´‑n\\‑mW‑v, hc‑p¶ Xea‑pd¡‑p‑w F´‑mW‑v \\½‑p‑sS B‑scb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¨X‑v ? F´‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n- I‑y‑m¼k‑pIÄ¡‑v ]IÀ¶‑v ‑sI‑mS‑p¡‑m\\‑pÅX‑v? ¨X‑v? ‑t]c‑n\\‑m‑sW¦‑ne‑p‑w A‑sæ‑ne‑p‑w \\-S¡‑p¶ \\‑neh‑mca‑pÅ ]‑mT‑y ]‑m‑tT‑yXc h‑njb§f‑n ]c‑o£¡‑v ‑tI‑m¸‑nbS‑n¡‑pI h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sS Bß‑mÀ°a‑mb ]¦‑v F{X‑ F¶X‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sS AhI‑mia‑mW‑v. t¯‑mfa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w? A\\‑phZ‑n¡‑mX‑nc‑p¶ A[‑y‑m]I‑s\\ ] ª‑n¡‑n«X‑v \\‑m‑w h‑mb‑n¨‑p. {]X‑nIc‑n¨‑mÂ, ]T‑n¡‑pI, A¡‑mZa‑nI‑v {] ‑s‑shI‑n«‑v h‑o-«‑n ‑t]‑mh‑p‑t¼‑mÄ A[‑y‑m] hÀ¯\\§f‑n GÀ‑s¸S‑pI F¶X‑v h‑ne I‑sâ I‑md‑n\\‑p Sbd‑pï‑mh‑nà F¶X‑v Gäh‑p‑w I‑pdª, a‑mÀIä‑nÃ‑m‑s¯‑mc‑p ‑sFäa‑mW‑n¶‑v. ‑sNd‑pX‑v. Hc‑mI‑vk‑nUâ‑v {]X‑o£‑n¨‑me‑p‑w ]T‑n¸‑n F‑s¶‑mc‑p ‑t]c‑v h‑oW‑m I‑y‑m¼k‑v ‑sNd‑pX‑mh‑nÃ. {]X‑nIc‑n¡‑m³ ‑t]S‑nb‑mW‑v P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑sâ H«‑pa‑p¡‑me‑p‑w \\ãa‑mI‑pa- ]eÀ-¡‑p‑w. {]X‑nIc‑n¨‑m‑te‑m, h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n ‑t{X. ¯‑n‑sâb‑p‑w ka‑ql¯‑n‑sâb‑p‑w ‑sFI‑y‑w k‑nµ‑m_‑mZ‑v. ]‑mÀ«‑nb‑p‑w, a‑oU‑nbb‑p‑w, A¡‑uï‑n‑te¡‑v Ibd‑p¶X‑ne‑mW‑v Z®‑w. ka‑qlh‑p‑w ‑t]‑me‑p‑w X‑nc‑nª‑v ‑sI‑m¯‑p‑w. X‑sâ k‑ma‑m\\‑y _‑p²‑nb‑n A[‑y‑m]I³ ]‑mT‑w ]T‑n¸‑n¨‑v ‑tX‑m¶‑p¶‑sXÃ‑m‑w ‑sN¿‑m\\‑pÅ A[‑nI‑mch‑p‑w ‑s]‑m‑t¡‑mW‑w. he‑nb Ub‑te‑m‑sK‑m¶‑p‑w k‑z‑mX{´‑yh‑p‑w X\\‑n¡‑p‑sï¶ [‑mcW ‑thï. D]‑tZi‑w \\‑mh‑n‑sâ A‑t§bä¯‑v h‑yà‑n k‑z‑mX{´‑y¯‑n‑sâ ‑t]c‑n ‑t]‑me‑p‑w ‑th-ï. ‑sSI‑vÌ‑v _‑p¡‑pIÄ k`‑yXb‑p‑sSb‑p‑w F¯‑nI‑vk‑n‑sâb‑p‑w kÀh OÀ±‑n¡‑m³ F´‑n\\‑mW‑v he‑nb ‑t] k‑oaIf‑p‑w e‑wL‑n¡‑p¶‑p. B N‑n´If‑n k‑vsIb‑ne‑n A[‑y‑m]I·‑mÀ. Hc‑p \\‑n¶‑mW‑v R‑m‑s\\´‑n\\‑v F‑sâ A²‑y‑m] ‑sd‑t¡‑mÀUU‑v ¢‑mÊ‑n‑t\\‑m Hc‑p ‑td‑m‑t_‑m«‑n‑t\\‑m I‑s\\ _l‑pa‑m\\‑n¡W‑w? i¼f¯‑n\\‑tà ‑sN¿‑mh‑p¶ Hc‑p ‑sX‑m-g‑nÂ. BÀ«‑n^‑nj‑y Ab‑mÄ ‑sX‑mg‑n‑seS‑p¡‑p¶X‑v? F‑sâ Câe‑nP³k‑n‑sâ I‑me¯‑v A[‑y‑m]I _l‑pa‑m\\¯‑n\\‑b‑mÄ¡‑v AÀlXb‑nà X‑p- h‑r¯‑nb‑p‑sS {]kà‑n F{X‑t¯‑mf‑sa¶‑v S§‑nb N‑n´IÄ hc‑p¶X‑v. kZ‑mN‑mc‑w, Iïd‑n-bW‑w. b‑q. P‑n. k‑n. / Kh¬‑saâ‑v [‑mÀa‑nIX F¶‑sXÃ‑m‑w Hc‑p AÇ‑oe ]Za‑m¡‑n k‑vsIb‑n i¼f‑w h‑m§‑p¶hc‑pÄ‑s¸‑sS a‑mä‑m³ ]ec‑p‑w I¨ ‑sI«‑nb‑nd§‑nb I‑me¯‑v, 4 aW‑nb‑m‑tb‑m, H¶‑m‑w X‑n¿X‑nb‑m‑tb‑m 31 31

h‑yà‑n k‑z‑mX{´‑y¯‑n\\¸‑pd‑w A]c\\‑p‑w k‑z‑mX‑ ]db‑m‑sX ]dª‑v, Ø‑m]‑n‑s¨S‑p¡‑m³ {´‑ya‑p‑sï¶‑v ad¶‑v ‑t]‑mh‑p¶‑pï‑v ]-e-‑t¸‑mg‑p‑w {ia‑n¡‑p¶ ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w, hf‑w ‑sh¡‑p¶ . ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n‑se H‑mhd‑m¡e‑pIÄ ]c‑nkc ]‑mÀ«‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w `cW I‑qS¯‑n\\‑p‑w h‑mk‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w A²‑y‑m]Ic‑p‑sSb‑p‑w aä‑p ‑sNd‑pXÃ‑m¯ ]¦‑pï‑v. ]‑pX‑nb I‑me‑s¯ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑s‑sk‑zc P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\\‑v h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk c‑oX‑nb‑n F‑t¶‑m FI‑vk‑v] _‑p²‑na‑p«‑pï‑m¡‑p¶X‑v ]ec‑p‑w C‑u-b‑n‑sS {] bd‑n Ig‑nª X‑nbd‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w K‑y‑mk‑n\\‑p‑a¸‑pd‑w X‑nIc‑n¨‑v X‑pS§‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. P‑oh‑n¡‑m³ Fh‑n‑sSb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? a‑sä‑mc‑p a\\‑pj‑y‑s\\ a‑m\\‑n¡‑m\\‑p‑w ‑s] aä‑pÅh‑s\\ D]{Zh‑n¡‑m¯ F´‑p‑w c‑pa‑md‑m\\‑p‑w Fh‑n‑sSb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? ‑sN¿‑m\\‑pÅ A[‑nI‑mc‑w X\\‑n¡‑p‑sï¶‑v ‑tX‑m- h‑o«‑n‑te‑m \\‑m«‑n‑te‑m ‑td‑mU‑n‑te‑m CS‑s]‑tSï ¶‑p-¶-hÀ ]‑s£ k‑z´‑s¯ ‑t{Z‑ml‑n¡‑p¶ c‑oX‑n‑sb¡‑pd‑n¨‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑w BÀ¡‑p‑w X‑n‑s\\ h‑nk‑vac‑n¡‑p¶‑p. F³‑tP‑mb‑v Z‑n [‑mcWb‑nÃ. FX‑nÀ e‑n‑wK‑s¯ a‑m\\‑n‑t¡ï ‑ta‑m‑saâ‑v F¶ ‑t]‑mf‑nk‑n \\‑m‑sf‑sb¡‑pd‑n¨‑v h‑n[‑w Ad‑nb‑m¯ Ah\\‑v Ah‑sf¶‑m Hc‑p Hc‑p A´h‑p‑w \\ÂI‑p¶‑nà . I‑y‑m¼k‑n‑sâ \"Nc¡‑v' a‑m{Xa‑mW‑v. X‑nf¡¯‑n‑s\\‑mS‑p¡‑w Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ ‑sX‑mg‑n‑seS‑p¡‑m³ \\‑nÀ_Ô‑nXc‑mh‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p a\\‑pj‑y\\‑v P‑oh‑nX h‑nP‑ I‑mcW‑w C³Ì‑{K‑m‑w d‑oÂk‑n\\‑p‑w b¯‑n\\‑v Bhi‑ya‑mb k‑t´‑mj, B‑tc‑mK‑y, BÀ‑s‑s¡h‑ne‑pÅ Ì‑mäk‑n\\‑pa¸‑pd‑w ] k‑m¼¯‑nI,‑ ‑s]c‑pa‑mä, a‑qe‑y, [‑mÀa‑nI, T\\‑I‑me‑w Ah\\‑pï‑m¡‑n‑s¡‑mS‑p¯ h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk§Ä \\ÂI‑m¯‑nS‑t¯‑mf‑w I‑me‑w, ‑s{]‑mUÎ‑nh‑nä‑n ]‑qP‑ya‑m-W‑v. ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑nÃ‑mb‑va k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑p‑w ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑p‑w ‑t\\c‑t¼‑m¡‑p‑w ‑sb¡‑mf‑p‑w C¶‑v c‑mP‑y‑w ‑t\\c‑nS‑p¶ {]i‑v\\‑w FâÀ‑s‑sS³‑saâ‑v ]‑mÀ¡‑p‑w ‑sX‑mg‑n Hc‑p ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑n\\‑v ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑pSa \\‑nj‑vIÀj‑n¡‑p¶ P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\\‑p a‑p³]‑pÅ d‑n{^j‑vsaâ‑v c‑oX‑nb‑ne‑pÅ k‑vI‑nÃ‑p‑w A`‑nc‑pN‑nb‑p‑a‑pÅ ‑skâ‑d‑p‑w a‑m{Xa‑mW‑v. h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑s¯b‑p‑w D‑tZ‑y‑mK‑mÀ°‑nI‑sf e`‑n¡‑p¶‑nà F¶X‑mW‑v. h‑nZ‑y‑m i‑meI‑sfb‑p‑w ]‑p\\À h‑nN‑n´\\‑w a‑q‑t¶‑m A‑t©‑m hÀj‑w Ig‑nª‑n«‑p‑w Hc‑p ‑sN‑t¿ï‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. a\\‑pj‑y‑sâ ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑n\\‑p‑w {]‑m]‑vXa‑mh‑m¯ h‑n[‑w, Hc‑p Bhi‑y§fd‑nª‑pÅ ]T\\ c‑oX‑nb‑p‑w A`‑nc‑pN‑nb‑p‑w k‑vI‑nÃ‑p‑w ]c‑n‑t]‑mj‑n¸‑n¡‑m³ k‑ne_k‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX‑w ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶ h‑nZ‑y‑m Ig‑nb‑m‑sX Bk‑z‑mZ\\§f‑p‑sS H‑mÀ½IÄ CS§f‑p‑w A\\‑nh‑mc‑yXb‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. a‑m{X‑w _‑m¡‑nb‑m-¡‑n iÞ‑oIc‑n¡‑s¸S‑p¶ b‑uh\\‑w Hc‑p c‑mP‑y¯‑n‑sâ _‑m[‑yXb‑mb‑mW‑v a‑md‑nb‑n‑sæ‑n a‑mä‑paX‑pIf‑o a‑md‑p¶X‑v. b‑p‑s\\k‑vtI‑m \\‑nÀ‑tZi‑n¡‑p¶ ka‑ql‑s¯b‑mIb‑mÂ...`‑oIca‑m‑w h‑n[‑w P‑oh‑nX h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑w ‑t]‑me‑p‑w \\½‑p‑sS I‑y‑m¼‑k‑pIÄ¡‑v \\ÂI‑m³ k‑m[‑n¡‑p¶‑nÃ. \\‑me‑m‑f‑p‑sS a‑p¶‑n Fg‑p‑t¶ä‑p \\‑n¶‑v k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑m‑t\\‑m, Bßh‑ni‑z‑mk‑t¯‑m‑sS CS‑s]S‑m‑t\\‑m, k½ÀZh‑p‑w ]‑nc‑na‑pd¡h‑p‑w ‑s‑sII‑mc‑y‑w ‑sN¿‑m‑t\\‑m, X‑oc‑pa‑m\\‑sa S‑p¡‑m‑t\\‑m DÅ ‑t_k‑nI‑v k‑vI‑n ‑t]‑me‑p‑a‑nÃ‑m‑sX ]‑n-‑s¶-‑sb-´‑mW‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nX‑z‑w k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nI‑sf ]g‑n N‑mc‑n c£‑s¸S‑m³ hc‑s«. ‑s‑se^‑v F¶‑v ]dª‑m ‑t¹ B³U‑v F³‑tP‑mb‑v a‑m{Xa‑m‑sW¶‑v 32 32

I®S JmenZv dk X¸‑n]‑nS‑n¨‑v Hc‑p h‑n[¯‑n Ah³ ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑n‑se¯‑n. _‑p¡‑n‑seb‑p‑w, ‑t_‑mÀU‑n‑seb‑p‑w hc‑nIÄ Ah\\‑v a§‑nb I‑mg‑vNIf‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. \"FS‑m... \\‑n‑sâ ‑tk‑mU‑mI‑p¸‑n‑sbh‑n‑sS?\" Hc‑p¯³ ]c‑nl‑mk‑t¯‑m‑sS ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p. \"]‑mÀ«‑n _‑m\\d‑pIf‑n‑se AÇ‑oe N‑n{X§Ä I‑mW‑p¶X‑ne‑p‑w \\ÃX‑v C‑u a§‑nb I‑mg‑vNIÄ I‑mW‑p¶X‑mW‑v.\" ad‑p]S‑n ]dª‑v Ah³ \\S¶I¶‑p. 33 33

adnbw ^nZ 'ssk-\\q....B I-«³ C-t§-Sp-t¯m ' epw sl-Uv-sk-äp-am-bn A-h-cp-sS a-IÄ B-bn-j ]-Xn-hv t]m-se, A-Xn-cm-hn-se X-s¶ D-½-d-t¡m-em-bn-se Nm-cp-I-tk-c-bn ]-{X-an- ap-ä-t¯-¡n-d-§n-h-¶p . ssk- \\-¯ Sm³ h-cp-¶ ]-¿-s\\-bpw t\\m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm- Wv A-e-hn-¡. km-[mc-W t]m-se ho-Sv sh- a-¡-sf t]m-se ¡p-I F-¶ B-{K-l-hp-am-bn c-ïv hÀ-j-t¯-¡v Iu-am-c {]m-b-¯n I-S I-S-¶-Xm-Wv t\\m-¡n A-t±-lw. F-¶mÂ, 30 hÀ-jw a-cp-`q- an-bn Po-hn-¡m-\\m-bn-cn-¶p A-t±- h-fÀ- l-¯n-sâ hn-[n. F-{X s]-s«-¶m- Wv hÀ-j-§Ä I-S-¶p-t]m-b-Xv, A-bmÄ Nn-´n-¨p-¡q-«n. Nn-´-I-fp- sS C-S-bn-te-¡v ssk-\\-¯ kp-sse- am-\\n-bp-am-bn I-S-¶v h-¶p. 'ssk-\\p, a-¡Ä F-hn-sS?' 'Ip-«yÄ D-d-¡-¯n-em-¶v tXm- ¶-Wv' ssk-\\-¯ ]-d-ªp. 't\\-cw H-cp-]m-Sv sh-fp-¯-tÃm, C-\\n-bpw F-Wo-¨n-tÃ' 'BÀ-¡-dn-bm... A-aÀ C-¶-se ] m-Xn-c-¡m tI-dn h-¶-Xv. B-bn-j In-S-¶- t¸m H-cp-]m-Sv ssh-In-¶v tXm-¶-Wv'. Cu-c-ïp hÀ-jw Iq-Sp-t¼mÄ In-«n- bn-cp-¶ eo-hn-\\v \\m-«n h-¶m Ip-Spw-_-hp- am-bn-«v sN-e-hn-Sm³ In-«p-¶-Xv h-f-sc Ip-d-ª k-a-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. C-¶n-t¸mÄ kw-km-cn-¡m³ k-a-b-ap-ïv. kw-km-cn-¨n-cn-¡m³ B-fn-Ã. `m-cy- bp-sam-¯v ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bn-se Ip-«n-I-fn-se am-ä-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v kw-km-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p A-bmÄ. ho-Sn-sâ A-I-¯p \\n-¶v c-ïv sN-hn-bn- 34

¯p-¶ ]q-t´m-«-¯n-te-¡v Hm-Sn-¡-b-dn-b A-hÄ A-e-ap-d-bn-«v t]mÀ-¨n \\nÀ-¯n-bn-« _p-Å- A-hn-sS-bp-Å G-ä-hpw `w-Kn-bp-Å tdm-km-sN-Sn- sä-Sp-¯v A-aÀ ]p-d-t¯-¡n-d-§n. tIm-em-bn bp-sS H-cp 't¢m-kv C-\\-^v' F-Sp-¯v Ìm-ä-kn- {]-Xn-a-I-sf-t¸m-se-bn-cp-¶ c-ïv ]m-h-I-sf epw tÌm-dn-bn-epw Xn-cp-In-¡-b-än. \\-à Iym-] I-ï `m-hw t]m-ep-a-h³ \\-Sn-¨n-Ã. ho-«n-te-¡v v-j-\\v th-ïn Kq-Kn-fpw ]-c-Xn t\\m-¡n. ti-jw km-[-\\w hm-§m-\\pw D-½-sb-bpw s]-§-sf-bpw B-sc-bpw I-ïn-sÃ-¶ a-«n ho-«n-\\-I-t¯-¡v sIm-ïv t]m-Im\\pw h-ïn th-W-sa-¶v ¹-kv X-s¶ I-b-dn-t¸m-bn. tIm-em-bn-en-cp-¶ A-e-hn- Sp I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ ]-d-ª-Xm-Wv. sN-dp-¸w ap- ¡-bpw `m-cy-bpw ]-c-kv-]-cw t\\m-¡n \\n-¶-X-Ãm- X-te Ip-«n-I-fp-sS B-{K-l-§Ä-¡v A-e-hn-¡ sX H-¶pw an-ïn-bn-Ã. bm-sXm-cp -hn-[-¯n-epw X-S-Êw \\n-¶n-cp-¶n-Ã. A-§-s\\ hm-§n-sIm-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv _p-Å-äv. B-h- 'bm t{_m... Rm³ C-s¸m F-¯pw.. iy-§-sfm-s¡ Rm³ sN-bv-Xv sIm-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv, H-c-©p an-\\p-Sv ' F-¶n-«pw F-s¶-b-hÀ ]-cnKWn-¡p-¶n-Ã-tem, A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Nn-´-I-fn ]-e tNm-Zy-§- t^m-Wn-eq-sS fp-apb-cp-¶p-ïm-bn-cp-¶p. kp-sse-am-\\n-bp-sS N-ïn am-{Xw _m-¡n-bp-Å ¢m-Êp-am-bn ssk- \\-¯ A-Sp-¡-f-bn-te-¡v t]m-bn. ap-ä-¯v sN-dn-b Im-täm-Sv Iq-sS Nm-ä a-g s]- ¿p-¶p. ]-e Nn-´-IÄ am-dn-am-dn-bp-¶p- sï-¦n t]m-epw H-¶n-\\pw D-¯-c- an-Ã-m-X-e-bp-I-bm-Wv Ae-hn-¡. ] p-d-¯v a-g-¡v i-àn-tb-dp-I-bm-Wv, Im-äm-ªp-ho-ip-¶p-ïv. F-¦n-epw C-sXm-¶pw B a-[y-h-b-k-vI-s\\ _m-[n-¡p-t¶bn-Ã. 35

kw`mjWw apl½Zv ssI^v- lpw....Rm³ IcpXnbncp¶Xv Fsâ DÅamWv Gähpw aen\\þ sa¶mWv. ]s£ \\nsâ apJw ImWpt¼mÄ Fsâ DÅns\\¡mÄ aen\\amb ]e a\\ÊpIfpsSbpw sshIrX§Ä F\\n¡v ImWmw. 36

CâÀsh 37

HALF 38

C‑u t‑ e H‑u«n‑  D]‑tb‑mKn‑ ¨n‑ cn‑ ¡‑p¶ Nn‑ {X§Ä ‑sX‑m«S‑p¯ kv-‑I‑qf‑pIf‑n \\n‑ ¶p‑ ‑w R§Ä ] IÀ¯n‑ bXm‑ W‑v. CXv‑ k‑m[‑mcW k-‑vIq‑ f‑pIfn‑ s‑ e Øn‑ cw‑ Im‑ gv‑Nb‑mW‑v. GX‑m\\p‑ w‑ Nn‑ e N‑n{X‑ §Ä I‑qSn‑ bpïv­‑ s‑ k³kÀj‑n¸v‑ `b¶‑v Ch‑ns‑ S ‑sIm‑ Sp‑ ¡‑p¶n‑ Ã. Al½Zv- jmln³ ‑tI‑mfP‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w, a‑p¡‑ne‑p‑w a‑qeb‑ne‑p‑w a‑q{X¸‑pcb‑ne‑p‑w, Dc‑p«‑nb‑p‑w N‑pc‑p«‑nb‑p‑w ‑sh«‑nb‑p‑saÃ‑mw ‑sXd‑nb‑p‑w I‑pd‑nb‑p‑w ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§f‑p‑w, F´‑n\\‑v, ‑t_‑mf‑oh‑nb³ I‑mS‑pIf‑n‑se ‑tk‑m I‑mÄU‑v h‑n¹h iÀ±‑ne‑pIf‑p‑w Fg‑pX‑n‑sh¨‑v k‑zb‑w‑t`‑mK k‑pJaSb‑p¶ N‑nec‑pï‑v. ‑tk‑mj‑y a‑oU‑nbb‑n ‑t^¡‑v A¡‑uï‑n h¶‑v Xeb‑p‑w h‑me‑pa‑nÃ‑m¯ Iaâ‑pIf‑p‑w ‑t]‑mÌ‑pIf‑pa‑nd¡‑n Bßk‑mb‑qP‑yaSb‑p¶hc‑papïv Ig¸‑v X‑oÀ¡‑m\\‑mb‑n C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑pIf‑n Ibd‑n \\‑nc§‑n ‘Aswathi achu' a‑mc‑mI‑p¶ 39

Rc¼‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑pw ‑sI‑mï‑v l‑o‑td‑m BI‑pIb‑p‑w aX‑n. BZÀi§f‑me‑p‑w h‑n¹h‑ a‑sä‑mc‑p ]IÀ¸‑v. ‑sN¿‑p¶ Rc¼‑pIf‑pï‑v. hc‑nIf‑me‑p‑w \\‑n_‑nUa‑mW‑v DÅ‑ne‑pÅ Bib¯‑n\\v C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑pIf‑ne‑q‑sS _‑m{X‑q‑w N‑pac‑pIÄ. h‑nkÀP‑ya‑mI‑p¶X‑nâ{Xb‑p‑w \\‑nc´c‑w aä‑p k‑v{X‑oIf‑p‑sS \\‑neh‑mca‑nÃ‑m¯X‑v ‑sI‑m‑tï‑m, k‑pJh‑nhca‑t\\‑zj‑n¨‑p C‑u I‑y‑m¼k‑n Z‑pÀKÔ‑w ha‑n¡‑p¶X‑v sIbdnMv B§famcmIm³ R§f‑p‑w ]T‑n¨‑nc‑p¶‑p ‑sI‑m‑tï‑m Bb‑nc‑n¡‑m‑w {ia‑n¡‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. F¶X‑n\\‑v ‑sXf‑nh‑mb‑n ‑sFUâ‑nä‑n ‑shf‑nh‑m¡‑m‑sX AhÀ _‑m¡‑nb‑m¡‑p¶X‑v a‑q{X¸‑pcb‑p‑sSb‑p‑w F ¹‑Ê‑pIf‑m ‑s_©‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w ‑s]‑mX‑p CS§f‑p‑sSb‑p‑w a‑p§‑n¯‑mg‑p¶ ‑tIcf¯‑n‑sâ ‑sUk‑v¡‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w ka‑qla‑m[‑ya§fp‑sS Ie‑meb§f‑n‑te‑s¡‑m¶‑v Fg‑pX‑n¡‑q«‑nb _‑m¨‑n‑sâ ‑t] N‑pac‑pIf‑ne‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w Ibd‑n ‑sNÃ‑pI. N‑pac‑pIf‑p‑w c‑p‑w aä‑pa‑mW‑v. I‑y‑m¼Ê‑n‑se A\\‑mhi‑y§f‑p‑w ‑s_©‑pIf‑p‑w I‑p¯‑nhcb‑p‑sS K‑y‑m‑§‑pIf‑p‑sS ‑t]c‑p‑w AhÀ AÃ‑m¯X‑p‑w ‑tI‑md‑n kÀ¤‑mßIXIf‑m ]‑n´‑pSc‑p¶ ]‑mÀ«‑nIf‑p‑sS ‑sh¡‑p¶X‑v. \\‑ndª‑p I‑nS¡‑p¶‑pï‑mI‑p‑w. ‑t]c‑p‑w Bg¯‑n hcª‑p I‑m‑se‑mS‑nª ‑sUk‑vI‑pIf‑p‑w ‑sh¡‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. tk‑mj‑y a‑oU‑nb l‑mÀÍ‑nk‑vI‑nÃ‑m¯ I¼‑y‑q«À ‑t]‑mÌ‑pIÄ¡‑v X‑m‑sg ‑t^¡‑v e‑m_‑pIf‑p‑w, N‑pac‑n\\‑p ‑te‑mI‑mÛ‑pX‑ A¡‑uï‑pIf‑n h¶‑p a‑pIf‑n‑te¡‑v I‑meSb‑mf§f‑p‑w §f‑n ‑s]« X‑mP‑va‑le‑n‑sâ I‑p¯‑n¯‑nc‑n¸‑v Dï‑m¡‑pIb‑p‑w \\a‑p¡‑v I‑mW‑m‑w. k‑vI‑qf‑n‑sâ a‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w J‑pX‑p_‑v Bf‑pI‑sf ‑ta‑mia‑mb‑n N‑pä‑p]‑mS‑v a‑pg‑ph³ a‑nT‑mb‑n a‑n\\‑md‑nsâ a‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w aä‑p N‑n{X‑oIc‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w, ISe‑mk‑pIf‑me‑p‑w, hnt\\mZ Ncn{X k©mc ] aä‑pÅhc‑p‑sS C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑n ‑t]¸d‑pIf‑me‑p‑w h‑r¯‑nl‑o\\ cnkc§fnepw F´n\\v, ‑sN¶‑v Ak`‑ya‑mb a‑mW‑v. Hc‑p Ie‑meb {] sdbnÂth tÌj\\pIfpsS `‑mjb‑n ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§Ä Wb‑s¯ I‑sï¯‑ph‑m³ _m{¯qanepw sI.Fkv. Fg‑pX‑pIb‑p‑w AÇ‑oe N‑n{X‑ ‑s_©‑pIf‑p‑w N‑pac‑pIf‑p‑w BÀ.Sn.kn _Ênsâ koänsâ §Ä Ab¨‑p‑sI‑mS‑p¯‑v a‑q{X¸‑pcIf‑p‑w ]cX‑nb‑m ]ndInep‑saÃmw Fg‑pX‑nb‑p‑w hc¨‑p‑w B\\µ‑w I‑sï¯‑p¶ N‑ne a‑t\\‑m‑tc‑mK‑nIf‑pï‑v. Hc‑p hk‑vX‑ph‑p‑w AX‑n‑sâ X\\X‑mb c‑oX‑nb‑n \\‑ne\\‑n¡‑p¶X‑v Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ N‑neÀ, k¼‑qÀ® a‑t\\‑ml‑mc‑nXb‑n AX‑n‑s\\ I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑mÄ Ah‑ c\\‑p`h‑n¡‑p¶ Hc‑p a‑m\\k‑nI ]‑nc‑na‑pd‑p¡a‑pï‑v. C¯c‑w Fg‑p¯‑pIf‑p‑w hcIf‑p‑w I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑mÄ h‑n‑tZi‑nIf‑mb‑n \\½‑p‑sS \\‑m«‑n‑se¯‑p¶ b‑m{X¡‑mc‑p‑sS a\\Ê‑pIf‑n C´‑y¡‑m‑sc¡‑pd‑n¨‑v c‑q]‑s¸S‑p¶ Hc‑p {] X‑nO‑mbb‑pï‑v. h‑nI‑rXa‑mb l‑rZba‑pÅhÀ I‑mcW‑w Hc‑p P\\Xb‑p‑sS k‑wk‑vI‑mch‑p‑w 40

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^mZnb ss^k Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella, Indra Nooyi, Parag Agarwal, X‑p-S-§‑n-b ‑te‑m-‑tI‑m-¯-c I-¼-\\‑n-I-f‑p-‑sS X-e-h-·‑mÀ, a-ä‑v ‑ta-J-e-I-f‑n-‑se C-´‑y³ {]-a‑p-J h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-§Ä, C-§-‑s\\ F-{X-‑sb-{X ‑t]-c‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v \"A-hÀ C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v\" F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p \\‑m‑w D‑u-ä‑w ‑sI‑m-Å‑p-¶-X‑v. A-‑tX-k-a-b‑w C-hÀ ‑sX‑m-g‑n ‑sN- ¿‑p-¶ I-¼-\\‑n-I-f‑n H-¶‑p-‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w \"‑made i‑n i‑ndia\" b-Ã. ]-e I-¼-\\‑n-I-f‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-¯-«‑v a‑p-X ‑taÂ-¯-«‑p h-‑sc ‑tP‑m-e‑n ‑sN-¿‑p-¶-X‑v C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v. B-b‑n- c-¯‑n-\\‑v a‑p-I-f‑n C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v k‑n-e‑n-¡¬-h‑m-e‑n-b‑n-‑se I-¼-\\‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑m- b‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. B I-¼-\\‑n-I-f‑m-I-‑s« \"40 billion total value'¡‑p a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p-Å-h-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-´‑y-‑sb‑m-c‑p 'h‑n-I-k‑z-c c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-W‑v 'F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-«‑v I‑m-e‑w I‑p-‑sd-b‑m-b‑n, C-‑t¸‑m-g‑p‑w C-´‑y-‑sb‑m-c‑p h‑n-I-k‑n-X c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m³ \\-a‑p-¡‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã. C-X‑n-‑sâ N‑n-e I‑m-c-W-§Ä h-f-‑sc {]-[‑m-\\-‑s¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. F-´‑m-W‑v ‑s{_-b‑n³ ‑s‑s{U³? H-c‑p {]-‑tX‑y-I c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v \\‑n-¶‑v D-bÀ-¶ ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\\‑w e-`‑n-¨ A-‑sÃ-¦‑n ‑tb‑m-K‑y-X-b‑p-Å B-f‑p-I-f‑p-‑sS I‑p-S‑n-‑tb-ä-¯‑n-\\‑m-W‑v ‑s{_-b‑n³ ‑s‑s{U³ F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. C-´‑y³ ‑s{_-b‑n³ ‑s‑s{U³, I‑m-c-W-§-f‑p‑w N‑n-e I-W- ¡‑p-I-f‑p‑w 2016 h-‑sc 600000 C-´‑y-¡‑mÀ c‑m-P‑y‑w h‑n-«‑p-‑t]‑m-b‑n 44

F-¶‑m-W‑v I-W-¡‑p-IÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. 130 ‑tI‑m-S‑n C-´‑y-b‑n a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w P-\\-k‑w-J‑y-b‑p-Å C-´‑y-b‑n H-c‑p-I‑q-«‑w B-f‑p-I- \\Â-I‑p-¶ ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑p-‑sS F-®‑w h-f-‑sc N‑p- f‑p-‑sS ]-e‑m-b-\\‑w C-´‑y-¡‑v B-L‑m-X-‑taÂ-¸‑n-¡‑p- c‑p-¡-a‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-L-« h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w \\‑nÀ-_-Ô- ‑ta‑m? A-hÀ F-´‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑v C-´‑y h‑n-S‑p-¶‑p? a‑m-¡‑n-‑sb-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS D-¶-X h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k ‑ta-J-e-b‑v-¡‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-§‑p-¶-h-‑sc a‑p-g‑p-h³ DÄ- N‑n-e I‑m-c-W-§Ä ‑t\\‑m-¡‑m‑w ‑s¡‑m-Å‑m-\\‑p-Å {]‑m-]‑v-X‑n-b‑n-Ã. 1. I‑q-S‑p-X a‑n-I-¨ P‑o-h‑n-X- \\‑n-e-h‑m- c‑w þ 2016 h-‑sc G-I-‑tZ-i‑w 23,000 ‑tI‑m-S‑o-i‑z- I‑q-S‑m-‑sX a‑n-I-¨ I‑y‑m-¼-k‑p-I-f‑n c³-a‑mÀ C-´‑y h‑n-«-X‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v I-W-¡‑p-IÄ A-U‑v-a‑n-j³ e-`‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶‑p-Å-X‑v H-c‑p _‑m-e‑n- I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-hÀ F-´‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑v ‑t]‑m-b‑n? ‑tI-d‑m-a-e-b‑m-W‑v. a‑n-¡ I‑y‑m-¼-k‑p-IÄ-I‑p‑w D-bÀ- C-¶‑v h‑n-‑tZ-i-c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑p-‑sS ]‑u-c-X‑z‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n- ¶ cut off rate B-W‑v. _‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑m-I-‑s« ¡‑p-I, A-h‑n-‑sS X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v b‑p-h‑m- ]T‑n-¡‑m³ a‑n-I-¨ ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-IÄ C-´‑y-b‑n-e‑n- ¡Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n H-c‑p ‑s{S³-U‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I- Ã-X‑m-\\‑p‑w. A-‑t¸‑mÄ I‑q-S‑p-X F-f‑p-¸-¯‑n b‑m-W‑v. a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w ‑thÄ-U‑v F-I-‑vk‑v-t]‑m-j- 2. D-bÀ-¶ ‑th-X-\\‑w þ ]-W-a‑m-W‑v d‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-‑tZ-i h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w X-‑s¶-b‑m- a-‑sä‑m-c‑p {]-[‑m-\\ B-IÀ-j-W‑w. C-´‑y-‑sb-¡‑mÄ b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑nI-f‑p‑w a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ ‑th-X-\\‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑m- ‑sX-c-‑sª-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. I‑q-S‑m-‑sX, C-´‑y-‑sb-¡‑mÄ W‑v a-ä‑p N‑n-e-c‑p-‑sS ]e‑m-b-\\‑w KÄ-^‑v c‑m-P‑y-§- I‑q-S‑p-X \\-à d‑n-kÀ-¨‑v k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\\-§-f‑p‑w f‑n-‑te-¡‑p‑w b‑q-‑td‑m-]‑y³ c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n-‑te-¡‑p-a‑m-I‑p- k‑v-tI‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑p-I-f‑p‑w h‑n-‑tZ-i-¯‑v e-`‑y-a‑m-W‑v. ¶-X‑v. C-´‑y-b‑n \\‑n-¶‑p‑w ]e‑m-b-\\‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-¶ ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-§‑p-¶ h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑nIÄ-¡‑m-I-‑s« ‑sX‑m- P-\\-{]-h‑m-l‑w C-X‑v ‑sX-f‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C-´‑y-b‑n g‑n-e‑n-S-§-f‑p‑w h-f-‑sc N‑p-c‑p-¡-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-‑sI‑m- _‑n-c‑p-Z -[‑m-c‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n h‑n-‑tZ-i-¯‑v k‑q-¸À-a‑mÀ-¡- ï‑p-X-‑s¶ h‑n-‑tZ-i-¯‑v ]T‑n-¨-hÀ A-h‑n-‑sS-b‑p‑w, ä‑n ‑sh-d‑p‑w ‑sX‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n a‑m-{X‑w \\‑nÂ-¡‑p- C-´‑y-b‑n-‑se h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ ‑sX‑m-g‑nÂ- ‑tX-S‑n ¶-h-c‑p-‑sS I-W-¡‑v ]-c‑n-‑ti‑m-[‑n-¨‑m h‑n-‑tZ-i-‑t¯-¡‑p‑w ]e‑m-b-\\‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-¶‑p. C-´‑y- a‑m-{X‑w a-X‑n C-X‑n-\\‑p ‑sX-f‑n-h‑v. ¡‑m-c‑m-b A-¼-X‑n-\\‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w ‑tU‑m-ÎÀ- a‑m-c‑p‑w \\-g‑v-k‑p-a‑m-c‑p‑w B-W‑v b‑q-‑td‑m-¸‑n ‑tP‑m-e‑n 3. C-´‑y³ c‑m-{ã‑o-b-h‑p‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-¶-X‑v. D-bÀ-¶ ‑sN-e-h‑p-IÄ k-l‑n-¨‑p ‑t]‑m- k‑p-c-£‑m h‑o-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w þ a-ä‑p ]-e-c‑p-‑sS- e‑p‑w h‑n-‑tZ-i-‑t¯-¡‑v B-f‑p-IÄ ‑tP‑m-e‑n ‑tX-S‑n-b‑p‑w b‑p‑w ]-e‑m-b-\\ I‑m-c-W‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-‑se a-ä‑p‑w ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. \\-½‑p-‑sS \\‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n I‑q-S‑n ‑t\\-c‑p‑w ‑s\\-d‑n-b‑p‑w ‑sI-« c‑m-{ã‑o-b-h‑p‑w, h-c‑p-¶ study abrod Ø‑m-]-\\-§Ä C-X‑n-‑sâ h-fÀ- k‑v-{X‑o i‑n-i‑p k‑p-c-£-b‑n-‑se h³ h‑n-g‑v-N- ¨ h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-´‑y k‑p-c-£‑n-X-a-à F-¶ N‑n-´‑m-K- X‑n C-¶‑v b‑p-h‑m-¡Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n A-]-I-S-a‑m‑w h‑n-[- ‑tN‑mÀ-¶‑p -‑t]‑m-b C-´‑y³ I-g‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p- ¯‑n hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶‑p. ‑sS I-W-¡‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v a‑p-I-f‑n ]-d-ª-h-‑sb-Ã‑m‑w. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w ‑s{_-b‑n³ ‑s‑s{U- C-\\‑n-b‑p‑w ]e‑m-b-\\‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑m `‑m-h‑n C-´‑y-b‑p- \\‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑p‑w ‑sS h-fÀ-¨-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-‑t]‑m-j-W-h‑p‑w X‑m-f‑w- ‑sX-ä‑p‑w. a‑p-I-f‑n ]-d-ª I‑m-c-W-§Ä-¡‑v F-Ã‑m‑w \\-Ã-X‑m-W‑v, A-f-h‑n a‑m-{X‑w F-¶-‑t]‑m- ]‑p-d-‑sa G-ä-h‑p‑w {]-[‑m-\\-a‑m-b I‑m-c-W-a‑m-W‑v h‑n- ‑se ‑s{_-b‑n³ ‑s‑s{U³ F-¶ C‑u {]-X‑n-`‑m-k- Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-‑s¸-«-h-b‑p‑w. ¯‑n-\\‑p‑w A-f-h‑p-‑tI‑m I‑p-‑t¯-ï k-a-b-a‑m-b‑n- 1996 a‑p-X 2015 h-‑sc C-´‑y-b‑n 10, c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ¹-k‑v S‑p ¢‑m-Ê‑p-I-f‑n H-¶‑m‑w d‑m-¦‑v e-`‑n-¨-h-c‑n ]-I‑p-X‑n-b‑n-‑te-‑sd ‑t]-c‑p‑w h‑n-‑tZ-i-‑t¯-¡‑v ‑t]‑m-b‑n F-¶‑m-W‑v I-W-¡‑v. F-´‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑v A-{X-b‑p‑w ‑t]À C-´‑y h‑n-S‑p-¶‑p? I‑q-S‑p-X a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Z‑y‑m- `‑y‑m-k‑w X-‑s¶ {]-[‑m-\\ I‑m-c-W‑w. 45

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Al½Zv jmln³ C-c‑p-]-¯‑n-‑sb‑m-¶‑m‑w \\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-‑se C-´‑y-b‑p-‑sS B-Z‑y h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k \\-b-a‑m-W‑v F³. C. ]‑n 2020. h-c‑p‑w hÀ-j-§-f‑n-‑se C-´‑y-b‑p-‑sS h‑n-I-k-\\-¯‑n-\\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b ]-e A-\\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-X-I-f‑p‑w ‑t\\-S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m³ C‑u \\-b‑w e-£‑y‑w ‑sh-¡‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k L-S-\\-b‑p-‑sS k-a‑q-e-a‑m-b ]‑p-\\-{I-a‑o-I-c-W‑w C‑u \\-b‑w B-h-i‑y-‑s¸-S‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. `-c-W-\\‑nÀ-Æ-l-W-¯‑n-e‑p‑w, N-«-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w h-e‑n-b a‑m-ä-§Ä h-c‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-\\-b‑w H‑m-‑tc‑m h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w {I‑n-b‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b k‑m-[‑y-X-I-f‑p-‑sS ]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑v D‑u-¶Â \\Â-I‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-£- c-X, k‑w-J‑y‑m-‑t_‑m-[‑w F-¶‑o A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ ‑ti-j‑n-I-f‑p‑w, h‑n-aÀ-i-\\ N‑n-´, {]-i‑v-\\ ]-c‑n-l-c-W ‑ti-j‑n F-¶‑o D-¶-X ‑s‑sh-Ú‑m-\\‑n-I ‑ti-j‑n-I-f‑p‑w h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶- ‑tX‑m-‑sS‑m-¸‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-‑sS k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I ‑s‑s\\-X‑n-I, ‑s‑sh-I‑m-c‑n-I ‑ti-j‑n-b‑p‑w, K‑p-W-§-f‑p‑w i-à‑n-‑s¸-S‑p-¯-W-‑sa-¶ X-X‑z‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k \\-b‑w B-i-b‑p‑w, {]-X‑o-£-‑tb‑m-S‑p-‑sa‑m-¸‑w B-i-¦-b‑p‑w B-I‑p-e-X-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v \\-a‑p-¡‑v k-½‑m-\\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. 2030 ‑te-¡‑p-Å k‑p-Ø‑n-c h‑n-I-k-\\ A-P-ï-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w (Access) X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w (Equity) K‑p-W-‑ta-·-b‑p-Å-X‑p‑w (Quality) X‑m-§‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v (Affordability) D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-a‑p-Å-X‑p-a‑m-b (Accountablity) A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ X-X‑z¯‑neq-‑sS - ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k \\-b‑w F-¶-h-I‑m-i-‑s¸-S‑p-‑t¼‑m- 50 50