English Guide

T.MAY

Cr.Mini Mayz Offer = àÊ¹Í ©¹Ñ ¨Ðª‹Ç¤³Ø ã¹áºº½¡ƒ ËÑ´¹Õé Ex. I will· help you with the exercise. - I’ll help you with the exercise. Promise = ÊÑ­­Ò *©¹Ñ ¨Ð«éÍ× â·ÃÈѾ·Á Í× ¶×Íãˌ¤Ø³ãËÁ‹ Ex. I will buy you a new phone. I’ll buy you a new phone. Decision = ¡Òõ´Ñ Ê¹Ô ã¨ Ex. I think I will have pizza for dinner. ©¹Ñ ¤Ô´Ç‹Ò©¹Ñ ¨Ð¡¹Ô ¾Ô««Ò‹ -I think I’ll have pizza for dinner. ໹š ÍÒËÒÃà¹ç Learning English with T.May

Cr.Mini Mayz Present Perfect Tense ¶Ù¡ãªàŒ ¾×èÍ͸ºÔ Ò ÊÔè§ËÃÍ× à˵ءÒó·èÕàÃÔèÁµ¹Œ ã¹Í´ÕµáÅÐÂѧ¤§à¡´Ô ¢é¹Ö ÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ હ‹ I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= áÅе͹¹é©Õ ¹Ñ ¡ç处 ¤§Í‹·Ù èÕ¹¹èÑ ) ʧèÔ ·àÕè ¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ª‹Ç§àÇÅÒ˹֧è áÅÐ处 äÁà‹ ÊÃç¨ÊÔé¹ àª¹‹ She has been to the cinema twice this week (= ÂѧäÁˋ Á´Ê»Ñ ´ÒË) ÊÔ觷èàÕ ¡´Ô ¢¹éÖ «éÓ æ 㹪Nj §àÇÅÒã´àÇÅÒ˹§Öè ·Õäè Áä‹ ´ÃŒ кäØ Ç͌ Âҋ §à¨ÒШ§ ÃÐËÇҋ §Í´µÕ áÅл˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ઋ¹ We have visited Portugal several times. ÊÔè§·Õ¾è §èÖ ·ÓàÊÃç¨ä»àÁÍ×è Ê¡Ñ ¤Ã‹·Ù ¼èÕ ‹Ò¹ÁÒ Á¡Ñ ¨Ð㪤Œ ÓÇ‹Ò 'just' હ‹ I have just finished my work. ¡ÒáÃзӺҧÍ‹ҧ·ÕèàÇÅÒäÁ‹ãª‹µÇÑ º‹§ª·éÕ ÕÊè Ó¤­Ñ ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ä´ŒÃкØänjÍ‹ҧ ªÑ´à¨¹ હ‹ He has read 'War and Peace'. (= ¼Å¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ͋ҹ˹ѧÊÍ× ¢Í§à¢Ò໚¹Ê§èÔ ·ÕÊè Ó¤­Ñ ) â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ : Subject + have , has + Verb 3 I have studied English for 5 years.( ©¹Ñ àÃÕ¹ÀÒÉÒ꤄ ¡ÄÉÁÒ 5 »á‚ ÅŒÇ ) â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤻®àÔ Ê¸ : Subject + have , has + not + Verb 3 I have not studied English for 5 years.( ©Ñ¹àÃÂÕ ¹ÀÒÉÒ꤄ ¡ÄÉÁÒäÁ¶‹ §Ö %5 »‚ ) Learning English with T.May

àÁ×Íè µŒÍ§¡ÒÃᵋ§»ÃÐ⤠Present Perfect Tense ãËÁŒ Õ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ àª§Ô ¤Ó¶ÒÁã˹Œ Ó Verb to have ÁÒÇÒ§änj˹ŒÒ»ÃÐ⤠áÅеͺ´ÇŒ  Yes ËÃÍ× No â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ : Have, Has + Subject + Verb 3 ? Have you studied English for 5 years ?( ¤Ø³àÃÕ¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉÁÒ 5 »á‚ ŌÇãªË‹ Ã×ÍäÁ‹ ) â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤤ӵͺ : Yes,+ Subject + have/has. â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤤ӵͺ : No,+ Subject + haven’t/hasn’t Present Perfect Tense 㪡Œ ºÑ à˵ءÒó· àÕè ¤ÂËÃÍ× äÁà‹ ¤Â·Óã¹Í´µÕ «§èÖ ÁäÔ ´Œº§‹ ºÍ¡àÇÅÒ·Õèá¹¹‹ ͹ àÍÒänj áÅÐÁ¡Ñ ¨ÐÁ¤Õ ÓÇàÔ Èɳ ¤×Í ever, never, once, twice ÁÒãªÃŒ ‹ÇÁàÊÁÍ àª¹‹ - I have never seen him before. ( ©¹Ñ äÁ‹à¤Âà˹ç à¢ÒÁҡ͋ ¹ ) *present perfect ¨Ð 㪌¡ÃÂÔ Ò 3 ªÍ‹ §¹Ð¤Ð ***㪌ªÍ‹ §·Õè 3 *** Learning English with T.May

For / Since Present perfect tense ª‹ÇÂãËàŒ ÃÒÊÒÁÒöÃкØàÇÅÒ䴌 â´Â´Ù¨Ò¡ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ ·Õèà¡´Ô ¢¹éÖ ´ÇŒ ¡ÒÃ㪌 for + ª‹Ç§ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ ËÃÍ× ´Ù¨Ò¡¨´Ø àÃèÁÔ µ¹Œ ´ŒÇ¡ÒÃ㪌 since + ¨´Ø àÇÅÒ·Õèà¨ÒШ§ ·éѧ FOR áÅÐ SINCE ÊÒÁÒöãªãŒ ¹ past perfect tense ä´ÍŒ Õ¡´ŒÇ SINCE ÊÒÁÒöãªäŒ ´ãŒ ¹ perfect tenses à·Ò‹ ¹éѹ ã¹¢³Ð·Õè FOR ÊÒÁÒö ãªäŒ ´ãŒ ¹ simple past tense ÍÕ¡´ŒÇ For + ªÇ‹ §ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ Since + ¨´Ø àÇÅÒ·Õèà¨ÒШ§ for six years, for a week, since this morning, since last for a month, for hours, week, since yesterday for two hours since I was a child, since Wednesday, since 2 o'clock %I have worked here for I have worked here since 1990. five years. Learning English with T.May

Learning English with T.May For / Since ¡ÒÃ㪌 For ã¹ Present perfect tense She has lived here for twenty years. We have taught at this school for a long time. Alice has been married for three months. -They have been at the hotel for a week. -¡ÒÃ㪌 Since ã¹ Present perfect tense She has lived here since 1980. We have taught at this school since 1965. Alice has been married since March 2nd. They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

Past Simple Tense 㪌ã¹à˵ءÒóã¹Í´µÕ ·èÕ¨ºä»áÅnj ËÃ×Í ãªŒºÍ¡ã¹àÃè×ͧ·èàÕ »¹š ¡¨Ô ÇµÑ Ã»ÃШÓã¹Í´µÕ ËÃ×Íà¤Âä»·èÕä˹ã¹Í´µÕ ÁÒáÅŒÇ Ê§Ñ à¡µ§‹Ò æ Çҋ Á¡Ñ ¨Ð »ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ 㪌 ÁÕ¡ÒÃÃкتNj §àÇÅÒänj ¡ÃÔÂҪ͋ § 2 ´ÇŒ ÂNjÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÁÍ×è äËË »ÃÐ⤻¯àÔ Ê¸áÅÐ áÅÐ㪡Œ ÃÔÂҪ͋ § 2 »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ 㪌 did ÃNj Á¡ºÑ ¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÍ‹ § 1 %â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ : S + V.2 I went to the theme park yesterday. â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤻¯àÔ Ê¸ : S + did not + v.1 -She didn’t come to Thailand last year. -â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ : Did + S + v.1 +? Did you see Jane at the bank last hour? Learning English with T.May

Key word ºÍ¡àÇÅÒ«è§Ö ¨ºä»áÅŒÇ ·èÕ¾ºº‹ÍÂæ ã¹»ÃÐ⤠Past Simple Tense  ä´áŒ ¡‹ Yesterday, Last , Ago  â´ÂãªÃŒ Nj Á¡ºÑ ¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ͹×è æ  last + àÇÅÒ/ Çѹ/ Ê»Ñ ´Òˏ/ à´×͹/Ä´/Ù »‚ ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ / ¹Ò·/Õ ªÑèÇâÁ§/ Çѹ/ ÊÑ»´ÒË/ à´×͹/ »‚ + ago Past simple Tense Ex. 㪌 ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ 3 ª‹Í§ áÅÐ㪪Œ ‹Í§·Õè 2 ¹Ð¤Ð Did they study Science last Monday. The bus arrived thirty minutes ago. Past simple 㪌¾´Ù ¶Ö§¹ÔÊÂÑ ËÃ×Í¡Ô¨ÇµÑ Ã·èàÕ ¤Â·Óã¹Í´Õµ ËÃ×Í¡Òú͡Çҋ ã¤Ãà¤Â·ÓÍÐäà à¤Âä»ä˹ã¹Í´µÕ ÁÒáÅnj áÅÐà˵¡Ø Òó¹ é¹Ñ ¨ºÅ§áÅnj Ex. We cooked every day last year. (¾Ç¡àÃÒ·ÓÍÒËÒáѹ·Ø¡ÇѹàÁ×èÍ»·‚ Õáè ŌÇ) Learning English with T.May

โครงสร้างประโยค Past continuous tense ประโยคบอก   S + was/were + V.ing       He was playing football yesterday at 10 เล่า am. ประโยคปฏิเสธ   S + was/were + not +   He was not playing football yesterday at V.ing     10 am.   Was he playing football yesterday at 10 ประโยคคำถาม   Was/Were+ S + V.ing     am? ก่อนจะไปกันต่อ ขอจอดแวะทบทวนเพิ่มเติม หลักการใช้ Was / Were Subject ประธานประโยค Verb to be ที่ใช้ (กริยาช่อง 2 ของ is และ are)   I, He, She, It, A cat (ประธานเอกพจน์)was   You, We, They, Cats (ประธาน were พหูพจน์)   Past continuous tenseãªàŒ Åҋ ¶§Ö à˵ءÒóã¹Í´Õµ «èÖ§Á´Õ nj ¡¹Ñ 3 Ẻ ¤Í× 1. à˵¡Ø Òó·Õè¡ÓÅÑ§à¡´Ô ã¹Í´Õµ ઋ¹ It was raining yesterday at noon. (½¹µ¡Å§ÁÒàÁ×èÍÇÒ¹µÍ¹à·ÂÕè §) 2. à˵ءÒó·Õè¡ÓÅÑ§à¡´Ô µ‹Íà¹Íè× §ÍÂًã¹Í´µÕ «Öè§à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂً¡Í‹ ¹ áŌǡÁç ÍÕ ¡Õ à˵ءÒóˏ ¹Ö§è à¢ÒŒ ÁÒá·Ã¡ ઋ¹ I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang. (©¹Ñ ¡ÓÅѧ½¹˜ ´ÍÕ Âà‹Ù ªÂÕ Ç ¹Ò ¡Ô Ò»ÅØ¡¡ç´¹Ñ ´Ñ§¢Ö¹é ) 3. à˵ءÒó¡ ÓÅÑ§à¡´Ô ä»¾Ã͌ Á æ ¡Ñ¹ã¹Í´Õµ äÁÁ‹ ÍÕ Ñ¹äË¹à¡´Ô ¡Í‹ ¹à¡Ô´ËÅѧ ઋ¹ While my mom was cooking, my dad was washing his car. (¢³Ð·áèÕ Á¡‹ ÓÅѧ·ÓÍÒËÒà ¾Í‹ ¡ç¡ÓÅ§Ñ ÅҌ §Ã¶) Learning English with T.May

¡ÒÃ㪌 While, When, As While, When, as ¶Í× Çҋ ໚¹ Key word ÊÓ¤­Ñ ·èÕº‹§ºÍ¡Çҋ »ÃÐ⤹éÕ໹š »ÃÐ⤠Past continuous tense àÅ¡çÇҋ 䴌 હ‹ When the police arrived, we were sleeping. (µÍ¹·èµÕ ÓÃǨÁÒ¶§Ö ¾Ç¡àÃÒ¡ÓÅ§Ñ ¹Í¹ËÅºÑ ¡Ñ¹ÍÂ)‹Ù While she was drawing a picture, I came in the room. (¢³Ð·àèÕ ¸Í¡ÓÅ§Ñ ÇÒ´ÀÒ¾ ¼Á¡çà¢ÒŒ ÁÒã¹ËŒÍ§ ) à·¤¹Ô¤¡ÒÃ¨Ó »ÃÐ⤷ÕÍè ÂÙˋ Å§Ñ while áÅÐ as 㪌 past continuous (Subject + was/were +V.ing) à¾ÃÒÐ໚¹à˵ءÒó·ÕÂè §Ñ ¨Ðà¡Ô´µÍ‹ à¹Íè× §ä»ÍÕ¡ÃÐÂÐ˹è§Ö ઋ¹ We were sleeping, The car was running, She was drawing a picture »ÃÐ⤷ÍèÕ Â‹ÙËÅѧ when 㪌 past simple (Subject + V.2) à¾ÃÒÐ໹š à˵¡Ø Òó·Õèá·Ã¡à¢ÒŒ ÁÒʹÑé æ áÅШºä»áÅnj ¾Ù´§Ò‹  æ Çҋ à¡Ô´¢é¹Ö Ỻˆ à´ÂÕ Ç àª¹‹ the police arrived, the phone rang, I came in the room, it started to rain Learning English with T.May

Regular Verbs – ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò¸ÃÃÁ´Ò ¡®¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒãË͌ ‹ãÙ ¹ÃÙ» past simple tense àµÔÁ –ed µÒÁËÅ§Ñ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ àª¹‹ look = looked ¶ÒŒ ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Òŧ·ÒŒ ´ŒÇ –e àÃÒàµÔÁᤋ –d હ‹ hope – hoped ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒŧ·ÒŒ ´nj  –y àÃÒà»ÅÂÕè ¹à»š¹µÇÑ –I ¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨§Ö àµÔÁ –ed હ‹ study – studied µÇÑ Í‹ҧ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠Past Simple ·Õè㪌 verb »¡µÔ (regular verbs) We stayed in a four-star hotel on holiday. It was really nice. Irregular Verbs – ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò¾àÔ ÈÉ / ÁÕ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ ÒÃÒÇ 200 ¤Ó·¾èÕ àÔ ÈÉ - ¾àÔ ÈÉÍÂҋ §äà ? Ç¸Ô ÕàÃÕ¹ÃÙ·Œ Õè´Õ·ÊÕè Ø´ / ¤×Í¡Òä͋ Âæ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¹¹Ñé æàÁÍ×è ÍÂã‹Ù ¹ û٠ʹµÕ ¨Ðà»ÅÂÕè ¹Ã»Ù ÈÖ¡ÉÒ àª¹‹ become - became eat - ate ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¾ÔàÈɤçéÑ - ÅÐÊͧÊÒÁ¤Ó เร ~ << - - Learning English with T.May

Regular Verbs – ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¸ÃÃÁ´Ò ¡®¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ ÒãˌÍÂã‹Ù ¹ÃÙ» past simple tense - àµÔÁ –ed µÒÁËÅ§Ñ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ àª¹‹ look = looked ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒŧ·ŒÒ´nj  –e àÃÒàµÔÁᤋ –d હ‹ hope – hoped - ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Òŧ·ŒÒ´ŒÇ –y áÅÐ˹Ҍ y ໹š ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àÃÒà»ÅÕÂè ¹à»š¹µÇÑ – i ¨Ò¡¹é¹Ñ ¨Ö§àµÁÔ –ed ઋ¹ study – studied - ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Òŧ·ŒÒ´ŒÇ –y áÅÐ˹ŒÒ y ໚¹ÊÃÐ (a,e,I,o,u)àÃÒàµÔÁ –ed 䴌àÅ હ‹ stay - stayed µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠Past Simple ·ãèÕ ªŒ verb »¡µÔ (regular verbs) We stayed in a four-star hotel on holiday. It was really nice. Irregular Verbs – ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò¾àÔ ÈÉ / ÁÕ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÃÒÇ 200 ¤Ó·Õè¾àÔ ÈÉ - ¾ÔàÈÉÍ‹ҧäà ? ÇÔ¸àÕ Ãչ̷٠մè Õ·ÕèÊ´Ø / ¤×Í¡Òä‹ÍÂæ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¹¹éÑ æàÁÍè× ÍÂÙ㋠¹ Ãٻʹյ¨Ðà»ÅèÂÕ ¹Ã»Ù È¡Ö ÉÒ àª¹‹ become - became ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¾àÔ ÈɤçÑé - eat - ate ÅÐÊͧÊÒÁ¤Ó เร ~ << - Learning English -with T.May

a, an, the ËÅ¡Ñ ¡ÒÃ㪌 article ¹Ó˹ŒÒ¹ÒÁ ¹ÒÁ¾ËÙ¾¨¹áÅÐ ¤Í× àÁ×èÍ¡Åҋ Ç໹š ¡Ò÷ÇèÑ ä» ¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ äÁ‹ä´Œ äÁ‹ µŒÍ§ÁÕ article ã´æ %¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ 䴌àÍ¡¾¨¹ ¨ÐµÍŒ §ÁÕ a ËÃ×Í an ¹Ó ˹Ҍ àÊÁÍ %àÁè×Í¡Åҋ Ç໚¹¡ÒêÕàé ©¾ÒÐ ¨ÐµÍŒ §ãªŒ the ¹Ó˹Ҍ àÊÁÍäÁNj ‹Ò¨Ð໚¹¹ÒÁ àÍ¡¾¨¹Ë ÃÍ× ¾Ë¾Ù ¨¹ ໚¹¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ 䴌ËÃÍ× äÁä‹ ´Œ 㪌 a ¹Ó˹ŒÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ 䴌 㪌 an ¹Ó˹ŒÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ 䴌 àÍ¡¾¨¹ ¢éÖ¹µ¹Œ ´ŒÇ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àÍ¡¾¨¹¢¹éÖ µ¹Œ ´ŒÇÂÊÃРઋ¹ a woman (a,e,i,o,u) ઋ¹ an orange ÍÍ¡àÊÕ§໚¹ÊÃРહ‹ an hour, an heir, an honor Learning English with T.May

â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅ‹Ò »Ãиҹ + verb to be + ¡ÃÔÂÒ + ing. Ex. You are studying English grammar. â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤻¯Ôàʸ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ »Ãиҹ + verb to be + not+ ¡ÃÔÂÒ + ing Ex. She is not talking. She’s not talking. She isn’t talking. Verb to be + »Ãиҹ+ ¡ÃÔÂÒ + ing + ? Ex. Is she talking? 㪌 present continuous tense à¾èÍ× Í¸ºÔ ÒÂʧÔè ·è¡Õ ÓÅѧà¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ÍÂãً ¹¢³Ð¹¹Ñé à¾×èÍ͸ºÔ ÒÂÊÔ§è ËÃÍ× à˵ءÒ󏷨èÕ Ðà¡´Ô ¢Ö¹é ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ â´ÂʧèÔ ËÃ×Íà˵ءÒó àËÅҋ ¹¹éÑ ä´Œ¶¡Ù àµÃÕÂÁËÃ×Ͷ¡Ù ÇҧἹänjàÃÂÕ ºÃ͌ ÂáÅŒÇ à¾×Íè ͸ԺÒÂà˵¡Ø Òóª èÑǤÃÒÇ Learning English with T.May

¡ÒÃ㪌 present continuous tense ¡ÒÃ㪌 present continuous tense à¾è×Í͸ºÔ ÒÂÊè§Ô ·¡èÕ ÓÅѧà¡Ô´¢¹Öé Í‹Ùã¹¢³Ð¹¹Ñé ઋ¹ You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar. ¡ÒÃ㪌 present continuous tense à¾Í×è ͸ºÔ ÒÂÊÔè§ËÃÍ× à˵¡Ø Òó·è¨Õ Ðà¡´Ô ¢éֹ㹠͹Ҥµ â´ÂÊÔ§è ËÃ×Íà˵ءÒÃ³à Ëŋҹéѹ䴶Œ Ù¡ àµÃÕÂÁËÃÍ× ¶Ù¡ÇҧἹänjàÃÂÕ ºÃŒÍÂáÅnj ઋ¹ · · We're going on holiday tomorrow I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. - Are they visiting you next winter? ( ¡ÒÃ㪌 present continuous tense à¾è×Í͸ԺÒÂà˵ءÒóª ÑèǤÃÒÇ ãªŒ \"always, forever áÅÐ constantly\" à¾×Íè ͸ºÔ Ò હ‹ He usually plays the drums, áÅÐ๹Œ ʧèÔ ·àÕè ¡´Ô ¢¹éÖ ÍÂҋ §µÍ‹ but he's playing bass guitar tonight. à¹Í×è §«Óé æ ઋ¹ Harry and Sally are always arguing! Learning English with T.May

àÃÒ㪌 never ¾´Ù ¶§Ö ʧèÔ ·äèÕ Á‹à¤Â·Ó 㪌¤Çº¤Ù‹ ¡ºÑ Present Perfect ever/never ÁÑ¡ãªãŒ ¹ Present Perfect â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ § has/have + v3 (àÅҋ ¶Ö§à˵ءÒó· Õàè ¡Ô´ã¹Í´Õµ¨¹¶§Ö »˜¨¨ºØ ѹ) û٠Ẻ»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ ÃٻẺ¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃÍ× ¢ÍŒ ʧÊÑ–㪌 ever (ã¹àªÔ§»¯Ôàʸ)–㪌 never Have you ever taken cooking classes? ¤Ø³à¤ÂàÃÂÕ ¹¡Ò÷ÓÍÒËÒÃÁÂÑé ? I’ve never failed a test. Has your brother ever been to India? ©Ñ¹äÁ‹à¤ÂÊͺµ¡ ¹ŒÍ§ªÒÂ/¾ÕèªÒ¢ͧ¤³Ø à¤Âä»Í¹Ô à´ÕÂÁéÂÑ ? EVER ÊÒÁÒö¹Óä»ãªËŒ Å§Ñ ¤Ó ADJ à»ÃÕºà·ÂÕ º¢éѹʧ٠ÊØ´ (Superlatives) હ‹ Susan is the most demanding client I have ever worked for! ««Ù ҹ໚¹ÅÙ¡¤ŒÒ·ÁÕè Ò¡àÃèÍ× §·ÊÕè ´Ø ·è©Õ ѹà¤Â·Ó§Ò¹ãˌ EVER µÒÁËÅѧ Restrictive Adjectives : only, first ઋ¹ The first boy I ever dated was Tommy. à´ç¡¼ŒªÙ Ò¤¹áá·Õè©Ñ¹ä»ÍÍ¡à´·´ŒÇ¤×Í·ÍÁÁèÕ Learning English with T.May

going to â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ à¾Í×è ¾´Ù ¶Ö§Í¹Ò¤µ S + verb to be + going + to + V.1 . ãªàŒ ¾è×Í͸ºÔ Ò¶§Ö á¼¹·èÕÇÒ§ äÇጠÅnj áÅФÇÒÁµÑé§ã¨ Ex. She is going to leave. ËÃ×Íà¾Íè× ¤Ò´¡ÒóÊèÔ§·¨Õè Ð à¡Ô´¢éÖ¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µâ´Â´Ù ¨Ò¡ÊÔ§è ·Õàè ¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹»¨˜ ¨ºØ ѹ ໚¹ËÅÑ¡ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤻®Ôàʸ S + verb to be + not +going + to + V.1 . Ex. He is not going to jog. â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ Verb to be + S + going + to + V.1 + ? Ex. Is he going to jog? â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁàªÔ§»¯Ôàʸ Verb to be + not +S + going + to + V.1 + ? Ex. Isn't he going to jog? Learning English with T.May

in Prepositions = ¤Óº¾Ø º· in เดือน in ป in Taxi City in car in boat in China in Africa in the afternoon in love in time in ฤดูกาล in June in ตกึ in the room แต at noon ไมต องใช in on Êӹǹ on day on time µÒÁµÒÃÒ§à´Ô¹·Ò§ on plane on ship on train on time = µÃ§àÇÅÒ ¶¹¹·¡Ø àŹ¡çÂ§Ñ ãªŒ on at the top = ÍÂًº¹Ê´Ø in time = ·Ñ¹àÇÅÒ at - at work at night at the time at the top at school bus stop at o’clock at office Cr.¤ÃÙ´ÇÔ µÇÔ Toeic Learning English with T.May

ÇÔ¸Õ¡Òú͡àÇÅÒÁÕ 2 Ẻ Ẻ·èÕ 1 ºÍ¡áººàÃÂÕ §àÅ¢ 1. ºÍ¡áººàÃÕ§àÅ¢ હ‹ 8.15 eight fifteen 2. ºÍ¡áºº¤¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ ( British styles ) 10.30 ten thirty IàÃÕ¡Çҋ so IàÃÂÕ ¡Çҋ to past Ẻ·Õè 2 ºÍ¡áºº¤¹Í§Ñ ¡ÄÉ (British style) ªÑèÇâÁ§àµÁç 㪌 ….. O’clock ¨Ðầ‹ ¹Ò ¡Ô Ò໚¹ 2 ªÇ‹ § ½˜›§ to áÅÐ ½§˜› past હ‹ º‹ÒÂâÁ§ 㪌 one o’clock. It’s five to …… It’s five past …… It’s ten to …… It’s ten past …… It’s (a) quarter to …… It’s (a) quarter past …… It’s twenty to …… It’s twenty past …… It’s twenty five to …… It’s twenty five past …… હ‹ It’s half past …… 08.05 It’s five past eight. 08.15 a quarter past eight. **ºÒ§¤Ã§Ñé äÁ‹ãʋ It’s ËÃ×Í a.m. / p.m. ¡äç ´Œ 08.30 half past eight. Learning English with T.May 8.40 It’s twenty to nine. 08.45 quarter to nine.

ËÁÒ¶֧ ¤Ó·èÕ㪢Œ ¹Öé µ¹Œ »ÃÐ⤠What ( ÍÐäà ) à¾Í×è ·ÓãË»Œ ÃÐ⤹éѹ໚¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ Where ( ·èÕä˹ ) «Ö§è µŒÍ§¡ÒÃã˼Œ µŒÙ ͺ䴵Œ ͺâ´Â㪌 When ( àÁèÍ× äà ) ¢ÍŒ ÁÙÅ ËÃÍ× ¢ÍŒ à·¨ç ¨ÃÔ§ »ÃÐ⤠Why ( ·ÓäÁ ) ¤Ó¶ÒÁÊNj ¹ãË­¨‹ Т¹Öé µ¹Œ ´ŒÇ \" Who ( ã¤Ã ) W \" áÅÐ \" H \" Whom ( ã¤Ã ) Whose ( ¢Í§ã¤Ã ) What ( ÍÐäà ) 㪡Œ ºÑ »ÃÐ⤵‹Ò§æ´Ñ§¹éÕ Which ( Íѹä˹ ) How ( Í‹ҧäà ) 1. ¶ÒÁà¡ÕèÂǡѺÊÔ觢ͧ ઋ¹ What is that ? ( ¹èѹ¤×ÍÍÐäà ) 2. ¶ÒÁà¡èÕÂÇ¡ºÑ ÍÒªÕ¾ ઋ¹ What does he do ? ( à¢Ò·Ó§Ò¹ÍÐäà ) 3. ¶ÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¡ºÑ àÇÅÒ àª‹¹ What time is it ? ( Áѹ໚¹àÇÅÒ¡Õ¹è Ò ¡Ô Ò ) What ate bananas yesterday? What ãˌµÒÁ´ÇŒ  ¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÍ‹ § 2 ÍÐäáԹ¡Ånj ÂàÁ×Íè ÇÒ¹ 㹡ó·Õ ãèÕ ªŒ What ໚¹ A monkey did. ÅÔ§ ¡Ô¹ »Ãиҹ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠Learning English with T.May

Where ( ·èäÕ Ë¹ ) 㪶Œ ÒÁà¡ÕèÂǡѺʶҹ·Õè હ‹ \" Where do you live ? ¤Ø³ÍÂً·Õäè ˹ When ( àÁè×Íã´ , àÁÍè× äà ) 㪌¶ÒÁà¡èÕÂǡѺàÇÅÒ When á»ÅÇ‹Ò “ àÁ×Íè äÔ ¤ÓµÍº¢Í§ When ¨ÐºÍ¡àÇÅÒ àª¹‹ Ç¹Ñ à´×͹ »‚ ËÃ×ÍàÇÅÒã´àÇÅÒË¹Ö§è ¡äç ´Œ 1. When + verb to be + noun ? ઋ¹. When is your birthday ? ¤ÓµÍº It’s on 10 November. 2. When + ¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÇ‹  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò᷌ + (¡ÃÃÁ) ? હ‹ When do you usually have breakfast ? - I usually have breakfast at 6.30 a.m. When (àÁÍ×è ) ãªàŒ »¹š ¤Óàªè×ÍÁ You sat it best when you say nothing at all. ¤Ø³ ¾´Ù ä´´Œ ·Õ èÊÕ ´Ø àÁèÍ× ¤³Ø äÁ‹¾´Ù ÍÐäà àÅ When (àÁèÍ× äËË) ãªàŒ »š¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ When do the Olympic Games start? ¡ÕÌÒ âÍÅÔÁ»¡ àÃÔèÁ àÁÍ×è äËË Learning English with T.May

Whose 1. Whose á»ÅÇҋ “¢Í§ã¤Ã” ẋ§Ç¸Ô ¡Õ ÒÃãªÍŒ ͡໹š 2 »ÃÐàÀ· ´§Ñ ¹éÕ Whose + ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò + (¡ÃÃÁ) ? ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·µèÕ ÒÁËÅ§Ñ ¶ÒŒ ÁÕû٠໚¹ àÍ¡¾¨¹ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¡àç »¹š àÍ¡¾¨¹ ᵶ‹ Ҍ ¤Ó¹ÒÁ໚¹¾Ë¾Ù ¨¹¤ Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¡ç¨Ð ໚¹¾Ë¾Ù ¨¹´ŒÇ ઋ¹. Whose dog is it ? - It’s Thada’s dog. Whose books are on the table ? - Those books are mine. 2. Whose ·Ó˹Ҍ ·Õè໚¹¡ÃÃÁ Whose + ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÔÂҪNj  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ ? ઋ¹. Whose books did you borrow ? - I borrowed Suda’s books. Why Why á»ÅÇ‹Ò “ ·ÓäÁ” “ à¾ÃÒÐÍÐäÔ ¤ÓµÍº¢Í§ Why Áѡ㪌¤ÓÇҋ because (à¾ÃÒÐÇ‹Ò à¹Íè× §¨Ò¡) 1. Why + verb to be + ¹ÒÁ/ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ + adjective ? હ‹ Why are you happy ? - I am happy because I get good mark. 2. Why + ¡ÃÂÔ Òª‹Ç + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ + (¡ÃÃÁ) ? ઋ¹. Why does the baby cry ? - The baby cries because it is hungry. Learning English with T.May

How How á»ÅÇҋ “ Í‹ҧäÔ «§Öè ¤ÓµÍº¢Í§ how ¨Ðà¡èÕÂÇ¡ºÑ Ç¸Ô Õ¡Òà ÅѡɳРËÃ×Í ÍÒ¡Òõҋ §æ 1. How + verb to be + ¹ÒÁ/ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ? હ‹ . How are you today ? - I’m fine 2. How + ¡ÃÔÂҪNj  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ + (¡ÃÃÁ) ? ઋ¹ How do you go to Chiang Mai ? - I go to Chiang Mai by train. 3. How + adj. + verb to be + »Ãиҹ +? ઋ¹. How old is she ? - She is 16 years old. 4. How + much + ¹ÒÁ¹ÑºäÁ䴌 + ¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÇ‹  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ + many + ¹ÒÁ¹ºÑ ä´¾Œ ËÙ¾¨¹ How much oil did he buy ? - He bought a gallon of oil. Learning English with T.May

Which Which á»ÅÇҋ “ ¤¹ä˹” “ µÇÑ ä˹” ËÃ×Í “ Íѹä˹” ໚¹ä´·Œ §Ñé »Ãиҹ áÅСÃÃÁ¢Í§¡ÃÂÔ ÒãªäŒ ´Œ¡ºÑ ¤¹ ÊѵǏ áÅÐÊè§Ô ¢Í§ 1. àÁÍ×è ·Ó˹Ҍ ·àèÕ »š¹»Ãиҹ Which + ¡ÃÔÂÒ + ¡ÃÃÁ ? ËÃ×Í Which + ¹ÒÁ/ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò + ¡ÃÃÁ ? ËÃÍ× Which of + ¹ÒÁ/ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò + ¡ÃÃÁ ? ઋ¹ Which is yours ? - The red one is mine. Which book is hers ? - The blue one is hers. Which of the boys is smart ? - Tom is smart. 2. àÁè×Í·Ó˹ŒÒ·àÕè »š¹¡ÃÃÁ Which + ¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÇ‹  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ ? ËÃÍ× Which + ¹ÒÁ/ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÔÂҪNj  + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ᷌ ? ËÃ×Í Which of + ¹ÒÁ/ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ + ¡ÃÔÂÒ ª‹ÇÂ+ »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò á·Œ ? હ‹ Which do you live most ? - I live the red one most. Which book do you want to buy ? - I want to buy a cartoon book. Which of the girls is the most beautiful ? - Wipa is the most beautiful. Learning English with T.May

Whom Whom Á¤Õ ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇ‹Ò ã¤Ã 㪌¶ÒÁ¶Ö§ºØ¤¤ÅáÅÐãªàŒ »¹š ¡ÃÃÁ (object) ËÃ×ͼ¶ŒÙ Ù¡¡ÃзӢͧ»ÃÐ⤠â´ÂÁÕÃٻẺ»ÃÐ⤴§Ñ µ‹Í仹éÕ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ Whom + helping verb + subject + Verb? ¡ÃÔÂÒª‹Ç + »Ãиҹ + ¡ÃÂÔ Ò᷌ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤤ӵͺ **¢ŒÍÊ§Ñ à¡µ : àÃÒ¹ÔÂÁ㪌 »Ãиҹ + (¡ÃÂÔ Ò) + ÊNj ¹¢ÂÒÂ. \"Who\" á·¹ \"Whom\" 䴌 હ‹ : »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ A : Whom do they meet ? »ÃÐ⤤ӵͺ B : They meet their friends Who ¤ÓÇҋ Who àÃҨФŒØ¹à¤ÂÇ‹Ò ¤Ó¹áéÕ »ÅÇ‹Ò ã¤Ã ᵨ‹ Ã§Ô æáÅnj ÁѹÊÒÁÒö¹Óä»ãªŒàªÍ×è Á»ÃÐâ¤䴌´ŒÇ «§Öè ¶ÒŒ ·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õàè »š¹¤ÓàªÍ×è Á ¨Ðá»ÅÇҋ ¼Œ·Ù èÕ He is the man who came here yesterday. à¢Ò ¤Í× ¼ÙŒªÒ ¼Ù·Œ èÕ ÁÒ ·¹èÕ èÕ àÁÍè× ÇÒ¹ Who (ã¤Ã) ãªàŒ »š¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ Past tense : Who + v2 Who is that? ¹¹èÑ ¤×Í ã¤Ã - That is John. ¹Ñè¹ ¤Í× ¨Í¹ Who came to school yesterday. ã¤Ã ÁÒ âçàÃÂÕ ¹ àÁÍè× ÇÒ¹ - Jo did. ⨠ÁÒ Learning English with T.May

Nouns (¤Ó¹ÒÁ) ઋ¹ God, man, John, American, friend, star, stone, air, mile, beauty ãªàŒ ÃÕ¡¤¹ ÊµÑ Ç ʧÔè ¢Í§ á¹Ç¤Ô´ ¹ÒÁ¸ÃÃÁ áÅФÇÒÁàªèÍ× Adjectives (¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·) 㪌¢ÂÒ noun ¡Ñº pronoun à¾×Íè ºÃÃÂÒÂãˌàËç¹ ÅѡɳТͧ noun ¡ºÑ pronoun ªÑ´à¨¹ÂÔ§è ¢Öé¹ áº§‹ Í͡໹š adjective ÊÓËÃѺºÍ¡Å¡Ñ ɳРºÍ¡»ÃÔÁÒ³ áÅк͡¨Ó¹Ç¹ - Qualifier Adjectives ËÃÍ× ¤Ó¤³Ø ÈѾ·· èÕ㪌 ºÍ¡ÅѡɳРઋ¹ beautiful, healthy, kind, poor, fast, dry, black Ex. à»ÅÕè¹ nouns Noun—-Adjective ãˌ໹š adjective Anger—-Angry ÁÑ¡àµÔÁ suffix -ness Beauty—-Beautiful ·ÒŒ Â¤Ó Craziness—-Crazy ËÃÍ× ÍҨ໚¹Í¡Õ ¤Ó˹Öè§ Danger—-Dangerous Ease—-Easy Learning English with T.May

must must 㪌㹡óշàèÕ ÃÒ¤´Ô àͧNjҵŒÍ§·Ó â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ § ¤×Í must + verb infinitive (¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÍ‹ §1) I must go to the hospital. (©¹Ñ µŒÍ§ä»âç¾ÂÒºÒÅ : ໚¹¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´¢Í§àÃÒ àͧ·ÇèÕ ‹ÒµÍŒ §ä» à¾ÃÒÐÍÒ¨¨ÐÌÙÊ¡Ö Çҋ äÁ¤‹ ͋  ʺÒÂàŵ͌ §ä»µÃǨ·âÕè ç¾ÂÒºÒÅ) I must stop smoking. (©¹Ñ µŒÍ§àÅ¡Ô ÊºÙ ºËØ ÃèÕ : µÑÇàÃÒµŒÍ§¡ÒÃàÅ¡Ô àͧ) I must finish this work today. (©Ñ¹µÍŒ §·Ó§Ò¹¹éÕãËàŒ ÊÃç¨Çѹ¹Õé : µÇÑ àÃÒ¤´Ô àͧÇҋ ¨Ð·ÓãˌàÊèç Ç¹Ñ ¹éÕ) mustn’t (must not) mustn’t ËÁÒ¶֧ “µÍŒ §äÁ‹...” «§Öè ໚¹¡®ËÃÍ× ¢ÍŒ ºÑ§¤ÑºÇ‹Ò “ˌÒÁ·Ó” â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §¤×Í mustn’t + verb infinitive (V.1) You mustn’t drink if you’re going to drive. (¤Ø³µŒÍ§äÁ‹´è×ÁàËŌҶҌ ¤Ø³¨Ð¢ÑºÃ¶ : à¾ÃÒм´Ô ¡®ËÁÒÂ) You mustn’t take photos here. (¤³Ø µÍŒ §äÁ¶‹ ҋ ÂÃÙ»·Õ¹è Õè : à¾ÃÒÐ໹š ¡®ËŒÒÁ¶‹ÒÂ) Learning English with T.May

have to have to 㪌㹡ó·Õ ÕÊè ¶Ò¹¡Òóà»š¹µÇÑ º§Ñ ¤ºÑ ãËàŒ ÃÒ ¨Ó໹š µŒÍ§·Ó «§èÖ àÃÒÍÒ¨¨ÐäÁ͋ ÂÒ¡·Ó ÍҨ໹š ¡®ËÃÍ× ¢ŒÍ º§Ñ ¤Ñºãˌ·Ó â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §¤×Í have to + verb infinitive (¡ÃÂÔ Òª‹Í§1) ઋ¹ I have to stop smoking. (©¹Ñ ¨Ó໹š µŒÍ§àÅ¡Ô ÊºÙ ºØËÃÕè : ËÁÍÍÒ¨¨ÐÊè§Ñ ãËàŒ Å¡Ô ÊºÙ ) ¢ŒÍÊ§Ñ à¡µ : »Ãиҹ I, You, We, She has to go to the hospital. They áÅлÃиҹ¾ËÙ¾¨¹Í ×¹è æ 㪌 (à¸ÍµÍŒ §ä»âç¾ÂÒºÒÅ) have to »Ãиҹ He, She, It áÅлÃиҹ àÍ¡¾¨¹Í¹è× æ 㪌 has to û٠ʹµÕ 㪌 had to don’t have to/doesn’t have to ËÁÒ¶§Ö “äÁ¨‹ Ó໚¹µÍŒ §...” ¹¹Ñè ¤×ͨзÓËÃÍ× äÁ‹·Ó¡äç ´Œ â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ¤Í× don’t have to/doesn’t have to + verb infinitive (V.1) He doesn't have to wear a suit to work but he usually does. (à¢ÒäÁ¨‹ Ó໹š µŒÍ§ãÊʋ Ù·ä»·Ó§Ò¹¡ç䴌 áµà‹ ¢Ò¡çãʋä»à»š¹»¡µ)Ô I don’t have to clean my room every day. Learning English with T.May (©¹Ñ äÁ‹¨Ó໹š µÍŒ §·Ó¤ÇÒÁÊÐÍÒ´Ë͌ §·Ø¡Çѹ)

will áÅÐ won’t ¶Ù¡ãªŒºÍ¡àŋҶ§Ö ͹Ҥµ â´Â will 㪌㹻ÃÐ⤺͡àŋҷÇèÑ ä» ÊNj ¹ won’t 㪌㹻ÃÐ⤻¯àÔ Ê¸ ઋ¹ I will be late tomorrow. John won’t be at the party next Saturday. àÃÒ㪌 will áÅÐ won’t 㹡ó´Õ §Ñ µÍ‹ 仹Õé 1. ãªàŒ ¾×èÍºÍ¡Ê¹Ñ ¹ÔÉ°Ò¹ ઋ¹ – In the year 2050, people will live under the sea. 2. 㪌à¾Íè× ºÍ¡¢ŒÍàʹÍËÃÍ× ÊÑ­­Ò ઋ¹ – I’ll buy you a drink. – John will help you with that box. 3. ãªàŒ ¾Íè× ºÍ¡¡Òõ´Ñ ÊÔ¹ã¨ã¹Í¹Ò¤µã¹àÇÅÒà´ÕÂÇ¡ºÑ µÍ¹¾´Ù હ‹ – Sorry, we don’t have any tea. That’s OK, I’ll have coffee. ¡®¡ÒÃãªÁŒ ´Õ §Ñ µÍ‹ 仹Õé 1. 㪌 Will ÃٻẺà´ÂÕ Ç¡Ñº·¡Ø æ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ – I will go, you will go, he / she will go, we will go, they will go. 2. 㪌¡ÃÔÂҪ͋ §·Õè 1 µÒÁËÅѧ will à·Ò‹ ¹¹Ñé ÊÒÁÒö You will be happy when you hear the news. 3. ÊÒÁÒö㪌ÃÙ»Â‹Í ‘ll ÊÓËÃѺÊÃþ¹ÒÁ䴌 – I’ll buy it. – We’ll be late. – He’ll be late home today. – They’ll be delight.

will / won’t (µÍ‹ ) ¡ànj¹ÊÃùÒÁ¹é¹Ñ ໚¹ª×èͧ͢ºØ¤¤Å äÁʋ ÒÁÒöãªÃŒ »Ù Â͋ 䴌 – Mark’ll be late. => Mark will be late. 4. ÊÓËÃѺ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ ãˌÇÒ§ will änj˹ŒÒ»Ãиҹ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠– Will you buy me a drink? – Will Tom get the job? 5. ¤ÓµÍº¢Í§»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ·¢Õè Öé¹µ¹Œ ´ŒÇ Will ¤Í× – Yes, I/you/he/she/he/they/we will. – No, I/you/he/she/he/they/we won’t. áÅÐäÁ㋠ªÃŒ Ù»Â͋ 㹤ӵͺ – Will John be late? – Yes, he’ll. => Yes, he will. ¨Ø´·ÕÁè ¡Ñ ãª¼Œ Ô´º‹Í ¤×Í 1. ªÍºÅ×ÁÇÒ§ will änj˹Ҍ »Ãиҹ㹻ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ – You will be late? => Will you be late? 2. ËÅÒ¤¹ªÍºãªŒ will ã¹»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ ¶Ö§á¼¹¡Òõҋ §æ ·¨Õè ÃÔ§áŌǨе͌ §ãªŒ going to ËÃÍ× present continuous. – I will meet my friends on Friday. => I’m meeting my friends on Saturday. – I will meet my friends on Friday. => I’m going to meet my friends on Saturday. English with T.May

Present á»ÅÇ‹Ò »¨˜ ¨ØºÑ¹ 1. ãªàŒ ¾×Íè ¾Ù´¶§Ö ¤ÇÒÁ໹š ¨Ã§Ô ã¹ ´Ñ§¹¹éÑ Present Simple Tense ªÇÕ µÔ »ÃШÓÇ¹Ñ ËÃÍ× ¤ÇÒÁ໹š ¨ÃÔ§ ¨§Ö ໹š »ÃÐ⤷èÁÕ Õâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧẺ§‹ÒÂ æ µÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¶Ö§áÁŒÇ‹Òà˵ءÒó à¾×èÍ㪌¾Ù´¶§Ö à˵¡Ø Òóã¹»¨˜ ¨Øº¹Ñ ¹¹Ñè àͧ ¹Ñ¹é ¨Ð໚¹Í´ÕµËÃÍ× Í¹Ò¤µ¡µç ÒÁ ઋ¹ When the earth moves around itself, it makes Day and Night. 2. ãªàŒ ¾èÍ× ¾´Ù ¶Ö§à˵¡Ø Òó ¹ÊÔ Ñ (àÁèÍ× âÅ¡ËÁ¹Ø ÃͺµÑÇàͧ Á¹Ñ ËÃÍ× ¡ÒáÃзӷÕèà¡´Ô ¢Ö鹫Óé æ ºÍ‹ Â æ ·ÓãËàŒ ¡´Ô ¡ÅÒ§Çѹ¡ÅÒ§¤×¹) ໚¹»ÃШӷ¡Ø Çѹ ઋ¹ Durian is the king of fruit. (·ØàÃÕ¹໹š ÃÒªÒ¼ÅäÁ)Œ I walk to school every day. (©Ñ¹à´Ô¹ä»âçàÃÂÕ ¹·Ø¡Çѹ) Nuda always help other people so everyone loves her. (¹Ø´ÒªÇ‹ ÂàËÅ×ͤ¹Í×è¹à»š¹»ÃÐ¨Ó ´§Ñ ¹¹éÑ ·¡Ø ¤¹¨§Ö ÃÑ¡Ëŋ͹) 3. ãªàŒ ¾è×ÍãˤŒ Óá¹Ð¹ÓËÃÍ× ¡Òú͡·ÈÔ ·Ò§ હ‹ Turn off the television before going to bed. (»´â·Ã·Ñȹ¡ ‹Í¹à¢ÒŒ ¹Í¹) You go straight for 300 meters, then the destination is on your left. (¤Ø³à´Ô¹µÃ§ä» 300 àÁµÃáÅШشËÁÒ»ÅÒ·ҧ¨ÐÍ·ً Ò§«ÒŒ ÂÁ×ͧ͢¤Ø³)

û٠»ÃÐ⤢ͧ Present Simple Tense »ÃÐ⤺͡àÅ‹Ò â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅҋ : Subject + Verb.1 + Object + (¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ) ·§Ñé ¹Õ¤é Ó¡ÃÂÔ ÒªÍ‹ §·Õè 1 ¹Ñ鹨ÐÁ¡Õ ÒÃàµÔÁ s ËÃÍ× es ¶ÒŒ ËÒ¡»Ãиҹ¢Í§»ÃÐâ¤໹š àÍ¡¾¨¹ (He, She, It) ᵋ¶ÒŒ »Ãиҹ໹š I, You ËÃ×Í»Ãиҹ¾Ë¾Ù ¨¹ (You (ËÅÒ¤¹), We, They) ãˌ¤§Ã»Ù ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò¹Ñ¹é æ änjઋ¹à´ÁÔ àª‹¹ I go to university by bus every morning. (©Ñ¹ä»ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÂÑ â´Âöâ´ÂÊÒûÃШӷҧ·Ø¡àªŒÒ) **»ÃÐ⤹»Õé Ãиҹ¤Í× I áÁ¨Œ Ð໚¹àÍ¡¾¨¹áµà‹ »š¹¢ŒÍ¡ànj¹ ´Ñ§¡ÃÔÂÒ go ¨Ö§äÁµ‹ ͌ §àµÔÁ s ËÃÍ× es · He plays guitar very well. (à¢Òàŋ¹¡ÕµÒÃà ¡§‹ ÁÒ¡) **»ÃÐ⤹éÕ»Ãиҹ¤×Í He ໹š àÍ¡¾¨¹ ¡ÃÂÔ Ò¤Í× play ¨§Ö µÍŒ §àµÔÁ s ¤ÇÒÁÃٌà¾ÁèÔ àµÁÔ : ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ s,es ¹éѹ§Ò‹ ¹Դà´ÂÕ Ç ¤Í× ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò·èÅÕ §·ÒŒ ´nj  ch, o, s, ss, sh, x ãˌàµÔÁ es àÁÍ×è »Ãиҹ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠໚¹àÍ¡¾¨¹ (He, She, It) હ‹ She washes her car.

(Present simple µÍ‹ ) ÊNj ¹¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ ÒÍ×è¹ æ ·èäÕ Á‹ä´ŒÅ§·ÒŒ ´nj Â¾Â­Ñ ª¹Ð·Ñé§ 6 µÇÑ ¹Ñé¹ ãˌàµÔÁ s ËÅ§Ñ ¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Òã¹»ÃÐ⤷èÁÕ »Õ Ãиҹ໹š àÍ¡¾¨¹ä ´ŒàÅ ઋ¹ My mom cooks some food for me. áÅжŒÒËÒ¡¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¹¹éÑ Å§·ÒŒ ´ŒÇ y ãˌà»ÅÂèÕ ¹ y ໚¹ i áÅnj àµÁÔ es ·ÒŒ ¤ӡÃÔÂÒ¹¹éÑ àª¹‹ study - studies, fly - flies, carry - carries ໹š µ¹Œ áµÁ‹ բ͌ ¡àǹŒ ¤Í× ¶ÒŒ Ëҡ˹ŒÒ y ໹š ÊÃÐ (A, E, I, O, U) ãˌàµÁÔ s ä´·Œ ѹ·Õ ઋ¹ play - plays, buy - buys, stay - stays »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ Ẻ·èÕ 1 : Verb to be + Subject + Object/ʋǹ¢ÂÒ + (¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ) ? She is my sister. ---> Is she your sister ? (Ëŋ͹໹š ¹ŒÍ§ÊÒǤسËÃ×Íà»Åҋ ?) Ẻ·èÕ 2 : Verb to do + Subject + Verb.1 + Object + (¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ)? 㪌àÁè×Í»ÃÐ⤹¹Ñé äÁÁ‹ Õ V. to be ¨§Ö µÍŒ §¹Ó V. to do 䴌ᡋ do ¡Ñº does à¢ÒŒ ÁҪNj  Do 㪌¹Ó˹ŒÒ I, You áÅлÃиҹ·àèÕ »š¹¾Ë¾Ù ¨¹ (You, We, They) Does 㪌¹Ó˹ŒÒ»Ãиҹ·èÕ໚¹àÍ¡¾¨¹ (He, She, It) áÅФӡÃÂÔ Ò¤§ÃÙ»ªÍ‹ §·èÕ 1 àËÁ×͹à´ÁÔ â´ÂäÁµ‹ ŒÍ§àµÁÔ s, es They play football every evening. Do they play football every evening? (¾Ç¡à¢ÒàŹ‹ ¿ØµºÍÅ·Ø¡à¹ç ËÃÍ× à»Åҋ ?) That cat eats fish. Does that cat eat fish ? (áÁǵÑǹ¹Ñé ¡Ô¹»ÅÒËÃ×Íà»Å‹Ò?) ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ¤×Í eat ÁÕ¡Òõ´Ñ s ÍÍ¡ã¹»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ

(Present simple µ‹Í) »ÃÐ⤻¯àÔ Ê¸ Ẻ·Õè 1 : Subject + Verb to be + not + Object/ʋǹ¢ÂÒ + (¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ) ãªàŒ ÁÍè× ã¹»ÃÐ⤹ѹé ÁÕ V. to be (Is, Am, Are) »ÃÒ¡®Í‹٠I am your servant. I am not your servant. (©¹Ñ äÁ‹ä´Œà»¹š ¤¹ÃºÑ 㪌¢Í§¤³Ø ) Ẻ·èÕ 2 : Subject + Verb to do + not + Verb.1 + Object + (¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ) He watches television at home. He does not watch television at home. (à¢ÒäÁ‹ä´Œ´âÙ ·Ã·ÈÑ ¹Í Âً·ºèÕ ŒÒ¹) ã¹»ÃÐ⤠Present Simple Tense ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁ¤Õ Ӻ͡àÇÅÒ«§èÖ à»¹š Adverbs of Frequency »ÃÒ¡®ÍÂã‹Ù ¹»ÃÐâ¤à¾×èͺ͡¤ÇÒÁ¶Õ¢è ͧà˵ءÒóˏ Ã×Í¡ÒáÃзӹѹé æ ÂѧÍÒ¨¾º¤ÓÇ‹Ò every + ... હ‹ every month, every morning, every Saturday à¾×èͺ͡¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè ¢Í§à˵ءÒó ËÃÍ× ¡ÒáÃзӡç䴌 · - < /

-¢é¹Ñ ¡Çҋ ¤Ó¹ÒÁ (»Ãиҹ) + ¤Ó¡ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò + ¤Ó¤Ø³È¾Ñ ·¢¹Ñé ¡Ç‹Ò + than + ¤Ó¹ÒÁ (¡ÃÃÁ) ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·àËÅҋ ¹Õé¨Ðà»ÅÂÕè ¹ · · ¤Óä»àÅÂàÁ×èÍÍÂãً ¹¢¹éÑ ¡Çҋ · good better · ¡ÒÃà»ÃÕºà·ÂÕ ºÃÐËÇҋ §¤¹ËÃ×ÍʧÔè ¢Í§ Çҋ ÁÕÃдºÑ ·èàÕ Ë¹Í× ¡Çҋ ã¹àÃèÍ× §¢Í§»ÃÁÔ Ò³ bad worse · ¢¹Ò´ ËÃ×ÍÅѡɳРàÃÒ¨Ð㪌 ‘more little less àÇÅÒ·èÕàÃҨк͡Çҋ ºÒ§¤¹ËÃÍ× ºÒ§ÊèÔ§ Í‹ãÙ ¹ÃдѺ·´èÕ ÍŒ Â¡Ç‹Ò àÃҨе͌ §ãªŒ ‘less much more far further / farther : ·- · 1. ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¢ÂÒ¤ӹÒÁ (adjective) ÁÕÊͧ¾ÂÒ§¤¢ éÖ¹ä» àÃÒ¨ÐÇÒ§¤ÓÇ‹Ò ‘more’ હ‹ This hotel is more expensive than the last hotel we stayed at. 2. ÊÓËÃѺ¤Ó¢ÂÒ¤ӹÒÁ·ÕÊè ¹éÑ ¶ŒÒ¤Ó¢ÂÒ¤ӹÒÁ¤Ó¹¹éÑ Å§·ÒŒ ´ŒÇÂàÊÂÕ §ÊÃÐ (a,e,i,o,u) áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ð ¤Ø³µŒÍ§à¾èÔÁ¾Â­Ñ ª¹ÐµÇÑ ·ŒÒÂÍա˹§Öè µÑÇ àª‹¹ bigger, fatter, thinner 3.¶ŒÒ¤Ó¢ÂÒ¤ӹÒÁ¤Ó¹¹éÑ ÁáÕ ¤‹¾ÂÒ§¤à´ÂÕ Ç ËÃÍ× Êͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ ໚¹àÊÕ§ –y àÃÒ¨Ðà»ÅÕè¹ y ໹š i áÅnj àµÔÁ er હ‹ This box is heavier than that one. àÃÒ¨Ð㪌 ‘less’ à¾×Íè ¾Ù´¶Ö§ºÒ§ÊÔ§è ËÃ×ͺҧÍÂҋ §·èÕÍÂã‹Ù ¹ÃдºÑ ·ÕèµèÓ¡Çҋ äÁNj ‹Ò ¨Ð໚¹ã¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ ¢¹Ò´ ËÃÍ× Å¡Ñ É³Ð á¤Ë‹ ÂºÔ ÁÒÇҧ˹ŒÒ¤Ó¢ÂÒ ¤Ó¹ÒÁ (adjective) ઋ¹ Walking is less tiring than running. Australia is less populated than China. Hamburgers are less healthy than vegetables.

àÃÒ¨Ð㪡Œ ÒÃà»ÃÂÕ ºà·Õº¢Ñé¹ÊØ´ -¤Ó¹ÒÁ (»Ãиҹ) + ¤Ó¡ÃÔ ÔÂÒ + the + ¤Ó¤³Ø È¾Ñ ·¢é¹Ñ Ê´Ø + ¤Ó¹ÒÁ (¡ÃÃÁ) àµÔÁ -est ËÅ§Ñ ¤Ó¤Ø³È¾Ñ ·ËÒ¡µÍŒ §¡ÒÃà»ÃÂÕ º Êͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ à·Õº¢é¹Ñ ÊØ´ ËÒ¡¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ã´ æ ¡çµÒÁÁàÕ ¾Õ§ᤋ ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð + ÊÃÐ + µÇÑ ÊС´ ÍÂҋ §ÅÐ 1 µÑÇ ¡‹Í¹·Õè àµÁÔ est ´ÒŒ ¹ËÅѧ ¨Ð·Ó໹š ¢Ñ¹é Ê´Ø ¨Ó໚¹µÍŒ §àµÁÔ µÑÇÊØ´·ÒŒ ¢ͧ¤Ó simple simpler simplest -¤³Ø ÈѾ·¹ éѹ æ «Óé Í¡Õ 1 µÑǡ͋ ¹àµÁÔ -est હ‹ tall taller tallest ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·· ÕÅè §·ŒÒ´ŒÇ y ãËàŒ »ÅÂèÕ ¹ y ໚¹ i ¡Í‹ ¹àµÁÔ est હ‹ busy busier busiest ÊÒÁ¾ÂÒ§¤Ë ÃÍ× ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ¤Ó¤Ø³È¾Ñ ··èÁÕ Õ 3 ¾ÂÒ§¤ËÃÍ× ÁÒ¡¡Çҋ ÊÒÁÒö·Óãˌ໹š ¢Ñ¹é Ê´Ø ´ÇŒ ¡ÒÃàµÁÔ most änj¢ŒÒ§Ë¹ŒÒ ઋ¹ expensive more expensive most expensive ¢é¹Ñ ÊشẺ¾ÔàÈɤӤ³Ø È¾Ñ ·à ËÅҋ ¹¨éÕ Ðà»ÅÕÂè ¹¤Óä»àÅÂàÁÍè× ÍÂً㹢¹éÑ ÊØ´ good better best bad worse worst little less least muchmoremost far further / fartherfurthest / farthest

Ç¸Ô ¡Õ ÒÃ㪌 Like, Look like, Be like&would like #1 LIKE = ªÍº – 㪌໚¹¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ Ò (verb) à¾×Íè áÊ´§ÍÍ¡¶Ö§ÃʹÔÂÁã¹Êè§Ô µÒ‹ §æ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ÊÔ觷ժè ͺ હ‹ – What sport does Peter like? He likes tennis. – What’s your favourite food? I like Italian food. #2 LOOK LIKE = ´ÙàËÁ×͹ / ¤ÅŒÒ¤ÅÖ§ – ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒüÊÁ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÍ‹ҧ ‘Look’ ¤‹Ù¡Ñº ‘Like’ – ãªàŒ »¹š ¤Óº¾Ø º· (preposition) à¾×èͤ͢ÇÒÁà˹ç ËÃ×Íãˌ¤ÇÒÁàËç¹à¡ÂÕè Ç¡ºÑ Ã»Ù Å¡Ñ É³ÀÒ¹͡ ઋ¹ – What does Peter look like? He’s tall, with dark hair, and he wears glasses #3 BE LIKE = ໹š Í‹ҧäà – ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒüÊÁ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÍÂҋ § ‘Verb to be’ ¤‹Ù¡ºÑ ‘Like’ – ãªàŒ »š¹¤Óº¾Ø º·Íաઋ¹¡¹Ñ (preposition) à¾è×ͤ͢Ó͸ºÔ ÒÂáÅÐãˌ¤Ó͸ºÔ Ò·ÇèÑ ä» ËÃ×͹ÔÊÑ¢ͧ¤¹æ ¹Ñ¹é 䴌 ઋ¹ – What is Julie like? She is reliable, pleasant and helpful. She is like a friend. would like 㪌ºÍ¡àŋҶ֧Êè§Ô ·¤Õè سµÍŒ §¡Òâ³Ð¹¹Ñé ºÒ§àÇÅÒ ËÃÍ× ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ – I’d like a cup of coffee please. – I’d like to work in a chocolate factory. would like ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇҋ want (µÍŒ §¡ÒÃ) ᵋÁ¤Õ ÇÒÁÊÀØ Ò¾ÁÒ¡¡Çҋ ¤ÓÇ‹Ò want àÃÒÊÒÁÒö㪌 would like ºÍ¡àŋҶ֧¤ÇÒÁ½˜¹áÅФÇÒÁ·ÐàÂÍ·ÐÂÒ¹¢Í§àÃÒ àª‹¹ – I’d like to go to Japan. – I wouldn’t like to live here! û٠Ẻ¡ÒÃ㪧Œ Ò¹ 1. would like ¶Ù¡ãªŒáººà´ÁÔ ¡Ñº·¡Ø ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ – I would like some tea. – You would like some tea. – He / she / James would like some tea. – We would like some tea. – They / our clients would like some tea. Learning English with T.May

ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ㪌 Like, Look like, Be like&would like ↑ ↑* / <- ร- ¡ÒÃãªãŒ ¹»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ 1 - - - - 1. What does Alex like? (= ¤ÇÒÁªÍº¢Í§à¢Ò¤Í× ÍÐäÃ) - – Alex likes football.  He also likes Chinese food and of course he likes hisร car! 2. What does Alex look like? (= ͸ºÔ ÒÂÅ¡Ñ É³Ð¢Í§à¢Ò) ร – He is tall and handsome, and he dresses well. / 3. Who does Alex look like? (= ¤ÇÒÁàËÁ×͹¢Í§à¢Ò¡Ñºº¤Ø ¤ÅÍè¹× ) – He looks like his father really, but in some ways he also looks like George Clooney. 4. What is Alex like? (= ͸ԺÒº¤Ø ÅÔ¡¹ÔÊÑ¢ͧà¢Ò) – He is nice and friendly and always willing to help – a great friend to have. 2. ÊÓËÃѺ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ ãˌÊÅºÑ µÓá˹§‹ subject (»Ãиҹ) ¡Ñº would – Would you / James / your clients like some tea? 3. 㪌 wouldn’t ÊÓËÃºÑ »ÃÐ⤻¯Ôàʸ – I wouldn’t like to work there. 4. would like ÊÒÁÒöµÒÁ´ŒÇ noun ËÃÍ× to + verb – Would you like a biscuit? – Would you like to go to Malaysia? 5. ÊÓËÃѺ»ÃÐ⤺͡àŋÒ෋ҹ¹Ñé ÊÒÁÒö㪌ÃÙ»Â͋ ‘d like 䴌 – I would like to go-to the USA. => I’d like to go to the USA. - - - - - ÊÃ»Ø – 㪌 ‘Like’ à¾Í×è ¾Ù´¤ÂØ à¡ÕÂè Ç¡ºÑ ÃʹÔÂÁáÅФÇÒÁªÍº – 㪌 ‘Look like’ à¾×èÍ͸ºÔ ÒÂÅ¡Ñ É³Ð·Ò§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ÀÒ¹͡ – 㪌 ‘Be like’ à¾Íè× Í¸ºÔ Ò¹ÔÊÂÑ áÅкؤ¤Å¡Ô ÅѡɳТͧáµÅ‹ кؤ¤Å - 㪌 would like à¾Íè× ¾Ù´¶§Ö ÊÔ觷µÕè ŒÍ§¡Òà ẺÊØÀÒ¾ Learning English with T.May

-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ㪌 if clause If clause »ÃСͺ´ÇŒ  2 ʋǹ«§èÖ ¡ç¤×Í â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤠if clause »ÃÐâ¤à§Í×è ¹ä¢ (Conditional sentence) â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §¢Í§»ÃÐâ¤ÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨ÐàÍÒ If clause áÅлÃÐâ¤ËÅ¡Ñ (Main clause) ¹Ó˹Ҍ Main clause ËÃ×Í àÍÒ Main clause ¹Ó˹ŒÒ If clause ¡ç䴌 ઋ¹ • If clause , Main clause  • If you love me, I will love you. ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹éÂÕ §Ñ ÊÒÁÒöầ‹ Í͡໚¹ 4 ẺËÅÑ¡æ • Main clause If clause 1. Zero Conditional Sentences • I will love you if you love me. 2. First Conditional Sentences 3. Second Conditional Sentences 4. Third Conditional Sentences «Öè§áµ‹ÅÐẺÁÕÇÔ¸Õ㪧Œ Ò¹ áÅÐâ¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐ⤴ѧµ‹Í仹éÕ Zero Conditional Sentences ÇÔ¸Õ㪌: ãªŒ¡ºÑ à˵¡Ø Òó·èàÕ »¹š à˵àØ »¹š ¼Å«§èÖ ¡¹Ñ áÅС¹Ñ 㪾Œ Ù´¶§Ö ¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§â´Â·ÇÑè ä»ËÃ×ÍÊѨ¸ÃÃÁ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §»ÃÐâ¤: If + Present Simple Tense (Conditional Sentence), Present Simple Tense (Main Clause) µÇÑ Í‹ҧઋ¹ If people don’t eat, they die. (¤¹àÃҨеÒÂËÒ¡äÁ‹¡¹Ô ÍÒËÒÃ) If you heat ice, it melts. (¹éÓá¢ç§¨ÐÅÐÅÒÂËÒ¡â´¹¤ÇÒÁÌ͹) First Conditional Sentences ÇÔ¸Õãª:Œ 㪡Œ Ѻà˵ءÒó· Õàè »¹š à˵àØ »š¹¼Å«Ö§è ¡Ñ¹áÅС¹Ñ áÅÐÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ໚¹ä»ä´ÁŒ Ò¡ 㪾Œ ´Ù ¶§Ö à˵¡Ø Òóà©¾ÒÐà¨ÒШ§ â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐâ¤: If + Present Simple Tense (Conditional Sentence), Future Simple Tense (Main Clause) µÇÑ Í‹ҧહ‹ If you don’t hurry, you will miss the flight. (¤³Ø ¨Ðµ¡à·èÕÂǺ¹Ô ¹ÕËé Ò¡¤Ø³äÁ‹ÃºÕ ä») If she studies hard, she will pass the test. (à¸Í¨ÐÊͺ¼‹Ò¹ËÒ¡à¸Íµ§Ñé ã¨àÃÂÕ ¹) Learning English with T.May

µ‹Í Second Conditional Sentences ÇÔ¸Õãª:Œ  ãªŒ¡ºÑ à˵¡Ø Òó·Õäè Á¹‹ ‹Ò¨Ð໚¹¨ÃÔ§ä´ãŒ ¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ áÅÐÊÔ觷èÕµÒÁÁÒËÒ¡à¡´Ô à˵ءÒó¹ Ñé¹¢éÖ¹ â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐâ¤: If + Past Simple Tense (Conditional Sentence), Would + Infinitive (Main Clause) µÑÇÍÂҋ §àª‹¹ - If I won the lottery, I would buy you a ne/w phone. (©Ñ¹¨Ð«éÍ× ÁÍ× ¶Í× ãËÁ㋠ˌà¸Í ËÒ¡©Ñ¹¶Ù¡Å͵àµÍÃèÕ ÃÒ§ÇÅÑ ·Õè 1) If I met the King, I would take his photo. (©Ñ¹¨Ð¶‹ÒÂû٠¾ÃÐÃÒªÒ ËÒ¡©Ñ¹ä´Œ¾ºà¢Ò) - - :... Third Conditional Sentences - - -- ÇÔ¸Õãª:Œ  ãªŒ¾Ù´¶Ö§à˵ءÒó«èÖ§µÃ§¢ÒŒ Á¡ºÑ ¤ÇÒÁ໹š ¨ÃÔ§ã¹Í´µÕ áÅÐʧÔè ·ÕèµÒÁÁÒËÒ¡à¡´Ô à˵¡Ø Òó¹ é¹Ñ ¢¹Öé â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»ÃÐâ¤: If + Past Perfect Tense (Conditional Sentence), Would have + Past Participle (Main Clause) µÑÇÍ‹ҧહ‹ If you had confessed to her, you and her would have married. (¤³Ø ¡ºÑ à¸Í¤§áµ‹§§Ò¹¡¹Ñ ä»áÅnj ËÒ¡¤Ø³ÊÒÃÀÒ¾Ã¡Ñ ¡ºÑ à¸Íä»ã¹µÍ¹¹é¹Ñ ) If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier. (©¹Ñ ¤§ÍÍ¡Áҡ͋ ¹àÇÅÒáÅnj ËÒ¡ µÍ¹¹é¹Ñ ¤Ø³ºÍ¡©¹Ñ ¡Í‹ ¹Çҋ ÍÂÒ¡ãËäŒ »Ê‹§) / ~ ~ - / / / - / / / - Learning English with T.May

¡ÒÃ㪌 used to - ¤ÓÇ‹Ò used to 㪡Œ ºÑ ¡ÒáÃзӷàèÕ ¤Â·Óã¹Í´Õµ ¡ÒáÃзӷèÕ·Óº‹ÍÂæ «è§Ö ÁÑ¡¨Ðà»ÃÂÕ ºà·ÂÕ º¡Ñº¡ÒáÃзӠ ÀÒÉÒä·Â¨Ðá»ÅÇҋ “à¤Â…. ËÃ×Í Á¡Ñ ¨Ð….”   Used to ã¹»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅ‹Ò â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ § used to + v1 - • She used to live with her grandma when she was young. / • ËÅ͋ ¹à¤ÂÍ‹¡Ù ºÑ Âҋ µÍ¹ËÅ͋ ¹à´ç¡æ(µÍ¹¹éÍÕ Âً¡Ñºã¤ÃäÁ‹ÃŒ)Ù - -~ ~ • I used to go to the market with dad but now I don’t. ↑ U/sed to ã¹»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ • ©¹Ñ Á¡Ñ ¨Ð仵ÅÒ´¡ºÑ ¾Í‹ áµµ‹ ͹¹©éÕ ¹Ñ äÁä‹ »áÅŒÇ â¤Ã§ÊÃҌ § Did… use to + v1 • ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò ¡Í‹ ¹Ë¹ŒÒ¹éժͺ仡Ѻ¾Í‹ ᵋµÍ¹¹Õ¢é àéÕ ¡Õ¨ä»áÅnj • Did she use to live with her grandma? • ËÅ͋ ¹à¤ÂÍ¡ً ѺÂҋ ¢Í§Ëŋ͹㪋äËÁ • I used to like dogs but now I like cats. ไ -ร • ©Ñ¹à¤ÂªÍºáÁÇ áµµ‹ ͹¹Õé©Ñ¹ªÍºËÁÒ • Yes, she did. 㪋 ËÅ͋ ¹à¤ÂÍÂً • No, she didn’t. äÁ‹ãª‹ Ëŋ͹äÁ‹à¤ÂÍÂً • What did you use to do after school? • ¤³Ø ·ÓÍÐäÃËÅѧàÅ¡Ô àÃÕ¹ (µÍ¹¹·éÕ Ó§Ò¹áÅnj ¤Ø¡ѹàÃ×Íè §ã¹Í´µÕ ) • What do you do after school? • ¤³Ø ·ÓÍÐäÃËÅѧàÅÔ¡àÃÕ¹ (µÍ¹¹éÕàÃÂÕ ¹ÍÂً ¤Ø¡ѹàÃ×èͧ»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ) / -ร - - - - â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ used not to + v1 â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ»¯ÔàʸẺ¹é¡Õ çÊÒÁÒö㪌ä´àŒ ª¹‹ ¡¹Ñ / Used to ã¹»ÃÐ⤻¯Ôàʸ - • I used not to eat vegetables when I was young. / â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ didn’t use to + v1 / ©Ñ¹äÁ‹à¤Â¡¹Ô ¼Ñ¡µÍ¹©¹Ñ ໹š à´¡ç • I didn’t use to love you. - 1 - • ©Ñ¹äÁà‹ ¤ÂÃ¡Ñ ¤Ø³àÅ (¡ç¡Í‹ ¹Ë¹ŒÒ¹Õé¹ÊÔ ÑÂäÁ‹´)Õ / / • I didn’t use to drink. - -ร (• ©¹Ñ äÁà‹ ¤Â´è×ÁàËŌÒàÅ (¡‹Í¹Ë¹ÒŒ ˹Ҍ Â§Ñ à»š¹à´ç¡ÍÂ)‹Ù / - - -ร · - - - - - â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ didn’t used to + v1 â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ¹éÕà¢Ò¡ãç ªŒÍ¹ً РᵋàÇÅҷӢ͌ Êͺà¢Ò¨ÐäÁ㋠ˌ ¤Ðá¹¹…¶ŒÒµÍºáºº¹éÕ • I didn’t used to eat vegetables when I was young. ©Ñ¹äÁ‹à¤Â¡Ô¹¼Ñ¡µÍ¹©¹Ñ ໹š à´ç¡ Learning English with T.May

♦ pronoun ¤×ͤÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ໹š ¤Ó·èÕàÃÒãªàŒ ÃÕ¡᷹¤Ó¹ÒÁ Íѹ䴌ᡋ ¤¹ ÊѵǏ ÊÔ觢ͧ ʶҹ·Õè ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·ÕèãªáŒ ·¹¤Ó¹ÒÁ à¾×Íè ໹š ¡ÒÃàÅèÕ§¡ÒÃ㪌¤Ó¹ÒÁà´ÁÔ æ«éÓÍÕ¡ ઋ¹ • ©¹Ñ ÁáÕ ÁÇ˹§Öè µÇÑ áÁÇÁÕÊÕ¢ÒÇ áÁǪͺ¹Í¹º¹â«¿Ò áÁǪͺàŋ¹¡ºÑ ©¹Ñ ¨Ò¡»ÃÐ⤴Ҍ ¹º¹¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡ç¤Í× áÁÇ àÃÒ¨Ðà˹ç ä´ÇŒ ‹Ò ¶ŒÒ㪌áÁÇ ÍÂҋ §à´ÂÕ Ç»ÃÐâ¤Á¹Ñ ¡¨ç дÙäÁ‹´ÊÕ ¡Ñ ෋ÒäËË ´§Ñ ¹éѹàÃÒ¨Ö§à»ÅÕè¹ãËÁà‹ »¹š • ©Ñ¹ÁÕáÁÇ˹è§Ö µÇÑ ÁѹÁÕÊÕ¢ÒÇ ÁѹªÍº¹Í¹º¹â«¿Ò ÁѹªÍºàŹ‹ ¡Ñ¹©Ñ¹ 1. Personal Pronoun (ºÃØ ØÉÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·é§Ñ 9 Personal Pronoun ¤Í× ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·èÕ㪌᷹¤Ó¹ÒÁ 䴌ᡋ ¤¹ ÊѵǏ ʧèÔ ¢Í§ ʶҹ·Õ è ẋ§Í͡໚¹Êͧ»ÃÐàÀ·Â͋ Âæ¤×Í • subject pronoun ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·èÕ·Ó˹ŒÒ·èÕ໹š »Ãиҹ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠Subject Object Meaning • object pronoun ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õ·è Ó˹Ҍ ·àÕè »¹š ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§»ÃÐ⤠Pronoun Pronoun ฉัน µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠I me คุณ You you He like dogs. à¢ÒªÍºËÁÒ We us พวกเรา พวกเขา, พวก She love cats. ËÅ͋ ¹ÃÑ¡áÁÇ They them มัน เขา I am a student. ©Ñ¹à»¹š ¹¡Ñ àÃÕ¹ He him หล่อน She her It it มัน 2. Possessive Pronoun (ÊÒÁÊÕ Ãþ¹ÒÁ) Possessive Pronoun ¤×Í ÊÒÁÊÕ Ãþ¹ÒÁ ËÃ×Í ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·Õè㪌áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ໚¹ ਌Ңͧ¹Ñ¹è àͧ 䴌ᡋ mine, yours, his, hers, its, theirs, ours Possessive Possessive Meaning µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠Adjective Pronoun ของฉัน This pen is mine. »Ò¡¡Ò´ŒÒÁ¹Õ¤é ×ͧ͢©¹Ñ my mine ของคุณ Yours is white but mine is green.  ¢Í§¤³Ø Ê¢Õ ÒÇᵋ¢Í§©¹Ñ ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ your yours our ours ของพวกเรา That cat is his. áÁǵÑǹéѹ¤Í× ¢Í§à¢Ò their theirs ของพวกเขา his his ของเขา her hers ของหล่อน its its ของมัน 3. Reflexive Pronouns (ÊÃþ¹ÒÁÊз͌ ¹µÇÑ àͧ) Reflexive Pronouns ¤Í× ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ãÕè ªºŒ Í¡¡ÒáÃзÓÇҋ ·Óàͧ ËÃÍ× ·Óà¾Íè× µÑÇàͧ ÁÑ¡á»ÅÇҋ àͧ ËÃÍ× ´ÇŒ µÇÑ àͧ ¨Ð໹š µÑÇã¤Ã¡ç ¢¹éÖ Í‹¡Ù ºÑ ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹æ Possessive สรรพนาม meaning Adjective สะท้อน µÇÑ Í‹ҧ»ÃÐ⤠myself ฉันเอง I cook dinner for myself. ©¹Ñ ·ÓÍÒËÒÃàÂç¹à¾Íè× µÇÑ àͧ my yourself คุณเอง your ourselves พวกเราเอง our She cut herself. Ëŋ͹·ÓÁ´Õ ºÒ´àͧ their themselves พวกเขาเขา, We wash the car ourselves. ¾Ç¡àÃÒ·Ó¤ÇÒÁÊÐÍҴöàͧ พวกมันเอง his himself เขาเอง her herself หล่อนเอง Learning English with T.May its itself มันเอง

4. Reciprocal Pronoun (ÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) 5. Relative Pronoun (»Ãо¹Ñ ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) Reciprocal Pronoun ¤Í× ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·áèÕ Ê´§¤ÇÒÁ Relative Pronoun ¤×Í ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·Õãè ªŒ·Ñ§é á·¹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ÊÑÁ¾¹Ñ ¸µ‹Í¡Ñ¹áÅС¹Ñ ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇҋ ¾Ç¡à¢Ò¡ÃÐ·Ó áÅÐàªÍè× Á»ÃÐâ¤ࢌҴŒÇ¡¹Ñ   ä´áŒ ¡‹  who, whose, µ‹Í¡Ñ¹ÍÂҋ §äà ä´áŒ ¡‹ each other, one another whom, where, when, that, which µÑÇÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠µÑÇÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠Jo and Jane love each other. â¨áÅÐਹà¢ÒÃ¡Ñ ¡Ñ¹ The man who came here yesterday is my dad. The love one another. ¾Ç¡à¢ÒÃÑ¡¡Ñ¹ ¼ªŒÙ Ò¤¹·èÁÕ Ò·¹Õè àèÕ Á×èÍÇÒ¹ ¤Í× ¾‹Í¢Í§©Ñ¹ 6. Definite Pronoun (¹ÂÔ ÁÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) That is the bike that Sam bought from the ºÒŒ §àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Demonstrative Pronoun ËÃÍ× Big Bike Store. Definite Demonstrative Pronoun ËÁÒ¶֧ ¤Ó ¹¹Ñè ¤Í× ¨Ñ¡ÂÒ¹¤Ñ¹·áèÕ «Á«Í×é ¨Ò¡ÃŒÒ¹ºêԡ交 ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·Õªè éÕ੾ÒÐà¨ÒШ§Å§ä»àÅ 7. Indefinite Pronoun (͹ÂÔ ÁÊÃþ¹ÒÁäÁ‹à¨ÒШ§) ä´áŒ ¡ ‹ this, that, these, those In definite Pronoun ¤×Í ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·èäÕ Áà‹ ¨ÒШ§ «èÖ§µÃ§¡Ñ¹ ¢ŒÒÁ¡ºÑ definite pronoun ä´áŒ ¡‹ µÇÑ Í‹ҧ»ÃÐ⤠everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere This is a cat. ¹è¤Õ ×ÍáÁÇ someone, somebody, something, somewhere That is a dog. ¹Ñ蹤Í× ËÁÒ These are cats. àËŋҹդé ×ÍáÁÇ anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere Those are dogs. àËÅҋ â¹¹Œ ¤×ÍËÁÒ none, one, another, both, few, some, others, many, most,   all etc.. 8. Interrogative Pronoun (»¨Ø ©ÒÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) µÑÇÍ‹ҧ»ÃÐ⤠Interrogative Pronoun ¤Í× ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ãÕè ªŒà»¹š Everyone is happy. ·Ø¡¤¹Á¤Õ ÇÒÁÊØ¢ ¤Ó¶ÒÁ ä´áŒ ¡‹ who, whom, what, where, Someone stole my money. ºÒ§¤¹â¢ÁÂà§¹Ô ©Ñ¹ Anyone can join the club. ã¤Ãæ¡Êç ÒÁÒöà¢ÒŒ ÃNj ÁªÁÃÁ䴌 when, why, which, whose, whatever, whatsoever, whichever, whoever, whosoever, Only a few have bikes. ÁÕÊÕèËҌ ¤¹à·Ò‹ ¹éѹ·ÕèÁըѡÃÂÒ¹ whomever, whomsoever, whosever 9. Distributive Pronoun (ÇÀÔ Ò¤ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ) µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠Distributive Pronoun ¤Í× ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·áÕè Ê´§¡Òà Who is this? ¹è¤Õ Í× ã¤Ã ¨Óṡ «èÖ§ºÒ§µÓÃҨм¹Ç¡ÃÇÁ¡Ñº Indefinite pronoun What is that? ¹Ñ¹è ¤×ÍÍÐäà ¤Ó¹ÒÁã¹ËÁÇ´¹é¤Õ ×Í each, neither, either Where are you? ¤Ø³ÍÂÙä‹ Ë¹ When is your birthday? Ç¹Ñ à¡´Ô ¢Í§¤³Ø àÁÍè× äËË µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤠There are ten boys in the class. Each is lovely. Á¹Õ Ñ¡àÃÂÕ ¹ 10 ¤¹ã¹ËŒÍ§àÃÂÕ ¹ áµÅ‹ Ф¹¹Ò‹ ÃÑ¡ I have two dogs. Neither can bark. Learning English with T.May ©¹Ñ ÁËÕ ÁÒÊͧµÇÑ äÁÁ‹ ÕµÑÇä˹àÅÂàËҋ ໚¹

Possessive Adjective • ¤Ó¤³Ø ÈѾ·áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ໚¹à¨ŒÒ¢Í§ + ¤Ó¹ÒÁ ¤×Í ¤Ó¤Ø³È¾Ñ ··áèÕ Ê´§ ¤ÇÒÁ໹š à¨ÒŒ ¢Í§ ´§Ñ ·Õè µÑÇÍÂҋ §»ÃÐ⤡ÒùÓä»ãªŒ à¡Ã¹Ôè äÇጠµ‹µŒ¹ à¾Íè× ºÍ¡ This is my pen. ¹èÕ ¤Í× »Ò¡¡Ò ¢Í§©¹Ñ ãËÌ ŒÇÙ ‹ÒʧèÔ æ¹¹éÑ à»¹š ¢Í§ Do you like my hat? ¤Ø³ ªÍº ËÁÇ¡ ¢Í§©Ñ¹ äËÁ ã¤Ã.. I like your house.  ©¹Ñ ªÍº ºÒŒ ¹  ¢Í§¤Ø³ Where is your dog? ÊعѢ ¢Í§¤Ø³ ÍÂً ä˹ คำคุณศัพท์แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ His sister is over there. ¾ÕèÊÒÇ ¢Í§à¢Ò ÍÂً ·è¹Õ ѹè Which one is his book? Í¹Ñ ä˹ ¤Í× Ë¹Ñ§ÊÍ× ¢Í§ คำศัพท์ คำอ่าน คำแปล à¢Ò ของฉัน Her big dog is sleeping but her small dog is my มาย ของคุณ playing. ของเขา ËÁÒ µÑÇãË­‹ ¢Í§Ëŋ͹ ¡ÓÅѧ¹Í¹ËÅѺ ᵋ ËÁÒ µÇÑ your ยัว ของหล่อน àÅç¡ ¢Í§ËÅ͋ ¹ ¡ÓÅѧàŋ¹ ของมัน This chair is big but its legs are small. à¡ÒŒ ÍéÕ µÑÇ his ฮิส ของพวกเรา ¹Õé ãË­‹ ᵋ ¢Ò ¢Í§Áѹ àÅç¡ ของพวกเขา This is our house and those are our bikes. her เฮอ ¹Õè ¤Í× ºÒŒ ¹ ¢Í§¾Ç¡àÃÒ áÅÐ àËŋÒ⹌¹ ¤×Í ¨¡Ñ ÃÂÒ¹ ¢Í§¾Ç¡àÃÒ its อิทส Their car is cheap but their van is very expensive. our เอาเวอะ ö¹µ ¢Í§¾Ç¡à¢Ò ÃÒ¤Ò¶¡Ù ᵋ öµÙŒ ¢Í§¾Ç¡à¢Ò ÃÒ¤Òᾧ ÁÒ¡ their แด ËÅѧ possessive adjective µÍŒ §ÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁµÒÁËÅѧ´ŒÇ·ء ¤Ãéѧ Í‹ÒÅ×Á Learning English with T.May

¤Ó¡ÃÂÔ ÒÇàÔ Èɳº Í¡¤ÇÒÁ¶èÕ (Adverbs of frequency) ¤Í× ¤Ó·Õè㪺Œ Í¡ ¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè¢Í§à˵¡Ø ÒóËÃÍ× ¡ÒáÃзӵҋ § æ NjÒÁÕÁÒ¡¹ÍŒ ¢¹Ò´ä˹ ẋ§ ໹š 2 ¡ÅÁ‹Ø ¤×Í 1. Adverb of Indefinite Frequency (¡ÃÂÔ ÒÇÔàÈɳº Í¡¤ÇÒÁ¶ÕèäÁ‹ ª´Ñ ਹ) ¨ÐºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ¶è¤Õ ËÒÇ æ NjÒà˵¡Ø ÒóËÃ×Í¡ÒáÃзӹ¹Ñé à¡Ô´¢é¹Ö ºÍ‹ Âᤋä˹ «§èÖ áµÅ‹ ФӨÐÁÕÃдѺ¤ÇÒÁ¶èÕ´§Ñ ¹Õé  µÓá˹§‹ ¢Í§ Adverb of Indefinite Frequency ¨Ðá·Ã¡µÇÑ Íµً ÒÁ ¡ÅÁ‹Ø ¡ÃÔÂÒ ´Ñ§¹éÕ     1. ¤ÓºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ¶èÍÕ Â‹ËÙ ¹ŒÒ¡ÃÂÔ ÒËÅ¡Ñ (¡àǹŒ ¡ÃÔÂÒËÅ¡Ñ   2. Verb to be ໹š ¡ÃÂÔ ÒËÅ¡Ñ ¨Ð ¤×Í Verb to be) ÇÒ§¤ÓºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ¶ÕèänjËÅѧ Verb to be Subject + Adverb of Indefinite Frequency + Main Subject + Verb to be + Adverb of verb Indefinite Frequency       I always get up early.       I am never late for work.       (©Ñ¹µè×¹áµà‹ ªŒÒàÊÁÍ)        (©¹Ñ äÁ‹à¤Â·Ó§Ò¹ªŒÒ)  Pete seldom helps his mother in the kitchen. She is always happy.       (¹Ò¹ æ ¤Ãéѧ¾·Õ ¨ÐªÇ‹ ¤³Ø áÁ‹¢Í§à¢Ò㹤ÃÑÇ       (à¸ÍÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ梯 àÊÁÍ) What do you usually eat for breakfast?        (â´Â»¡µÔ¤³Ø ¡Ô¹ÍÐäÃ໚¹ÍÒËÒÃઌÒ?)   3. ¶ÒŒ ã¹»ÃÐâ¤ÁÕ¡ÃÂÔ Òª‹Ç (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.) ¤ÓºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ¶è¨Õ ÐÍ‹ÙÃÐËÇҋ §¡ÃÂÔ Òª‹Ç¡Ѻ¡ÃÂÔ ÒËÅÑ¡ Subject + Auxiliary verb + Adverb of Indefinite Frequency + main verb       She has often gone on vacation in summer.       (à¸Í仾¡Ñ Ã͌ ¹ã¹Ä´ÙÃ͌ ¹ºÍ‹  æ)       Teachers can sometimes give students too much homework.       (ºÒ§¤Ãé§Ñ ¤³Ø ¤Ã¡Ù ãç Ë¡Œ ÒúŒÒ¹¹¡Ñ àÃÕ¹ÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä») Learning English with T.May

¢ÍŒ Êѧࡵ¡ÒÃ㪌 Adverb of Indefinite Frequency    1. Adverb ºÒ§¤ÓÊÒÁÒö͵ً Œ¹»ÃÐâ¤ËÃÍ× ·ÒŒ »ÃÐ⤡äç ´Œ ä´áŒ ¡‹ occasionally, sometimes, usually, normally, often       Sometimes Chana is late. ËÃÍ× Chana is late sometimes.        (ª¹ÐÊÒÂ໚¹ºÒ§¤Ãé§Ñ )       Occasionally they visited me. ËÃ×Í They visited me occasionally.        (¾Ç¡à¢ÒÁÒàÂÂèÕ Á©Ñ¹à»¹š ºÒ§âÍ¡ÒÊ) 3. Adverb ºÒ§¤ÓäÁ‹ãªãŒ ¹»ÃÐ⤻¯àÔ Ê¸ 䴌ᡋ 2. Adverb ºÒ§¤Ó͵‹Ù Œ¹»ÃÐâ¤äÁ‹ä´Œ ä´áŒ ¡‹ rarely, seldom, never à¹×Íè §¨Ò¡Á¤Õ ÇÒÁ¶Õ誌ÒÁÒ¡ always, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, never       Correct : Pete seldom helps his mother in       Correct : Manee hardly ever gets up the kitchen. before noon.        Incorrect : Pete doesn’t seldom helps his       Incorrect : Hardly ever Manee gets up mother in the kitchen. before noon. 2. Adverb of Definite Frequency (¡ÃÂÔ ÒÇàÔ Èɳº Í¡¤ÇÒÁ¶èÕª´Ñ ਹ) ¨ÐºÍ¡ªÑ´à¨¹àÅÂNjÒà˵¡Ø ÒóËÃ×Í¡ÒáÃзӹé¹Ñ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Õ¤è ÇÒÁº‹ÍÂᤋ ä˹ ઋ¹  µÓá˹‹§¢Í§ Adverb of Definite hourly = ·Ø¡ªÇèÑ âÁ§                   daily  = ·Ø¡Ç¹Ñ   Frequency ¨ÐÍÂÙµ‹ ¹Œ »ÃÐâ¤ËÃ×ͷҌ  weekly = ·¡Ø ÊÑ»´Òˏ                 monthly = ·¡Ø à´×͹ »ÃÐâ¤à·Ò‹ ¹¹éÑ áÅжŒÒÍÂÙµ‹ ¹Œ »ÃÐ⤨еŒÍ§ annually = ·¡Ø »‚                       yearly = ·¡Ø »,‚ »ÃШӻ‚ µÒÁ´ÇŒ Âà¤Ãè×ͧËÁÒ comma (,) every day = ᵋÅÐÇ¹Ñ , ·¡Ø Çѹ      every week = ·Ø¡ÊÑ»´Òˏ every month = ·Ø¡à´×͹            every year = ·Ø¡» ‚       Every year, we celebrate Christmas. once a day = Ç¹Ñ ÅФçÑé            once a month = à´Í× ¹ÅФÃÑ§é       We celebrate Christmas every year.  twice a year = »Å‚ ÐÊͧ¤ÃÑ§é       four times a day = ʤèÕ Ã§Ñé µ‹ÍÇѹ        (¾Ç¡àÃÒ©Åͧ¤ÃÔʵÁ ÒÊ·¡Ø »)‚   every other day = Çѹànj¹Çѹ       every other week = Ê»Ñ ´Òˏànj¹ Ê»Ñ ´Òˏ       Twice a year, he comes here.         He comes here twice a year.        (à¢ÒÁÒ·¹èÕ è»Õ ł ÐÊͧ¤Ãѧé ) à¾èÁÔ àµÁÔ : ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇÔàÈɳ· èÅÕ §·ŒÒ -ly ÊÒÁÒö·Ó˹Ҍ ·èÕ໹š adjective Learning English with T.May ä´´Œ nj  હ‹ ‘yearly meetings.’ (¡ÒûÃЪÁØ »ÃШӻ)‚ , ‘monthly report’ ( ÃÒ§ҹ»ÃШÓà´×͹), ‘hourly updates’ (Í¾Ñ à´··Ø¡ªèÑÇâÁ§)  

Relative clause ËÁÒ¶֧ ͹ػÃÐ⤷è·Õ Ó˹ŒÒ·Õ¢è ÂÒ¤ӹÒÁ·ÍèÕ Â‹Ù¢ÒŒ §Ë¹ÒŒ relative clause ÁÕ 2 Ẻ ¤Í× defining relative clause áÅÐ non-defining relative clause • defining relative clause ËÃÍ× ÍÕ¡ªèÍ× Ë¹§Öè ¤×Í restrictive relative clause ËÁÒ¶֧  relative clause ·ÕÃè кàØ ¨ÒШ§   • non-defining relative clause ËÃ×ÍÍÕ¡ªÍ×è ˹è§Ö ¤×Í non-restrictive relative clause ËÁÒ¶§Ö   relative clause ·èÕ àÊÃÔÁ¢ÍŒ ÁÙÅ - - - - - - - ↑ & <- defining relative clause ¤×Í relative clause ·ÃÕè кØà¨ÒШ§Å§ä»Ç‹ÒËÁÒ¶§Ö ã¤Ã Í¹Ñ ä˹ ¶ŒÒäÁË ºØ Øà¨ÒШ§ ¨Ð·ÓãËàŒ ¡´Ô ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒ㨼Դ㴌 હ‹ àÃÒÁÕ¾èÕªÒÂÊÒÁ¤¹ àÇÅÒàÃÒ¡Åҋ Ƕ֧¤¹ã´¤¹Ë¹§èÖ àÃҵ͌ §ÃкãØ ËªŒ Ѵਹ NjÒ໚¹¤¹ä˹ • My brother who lives in Japan is a doctor. • ¾ªèÕ Ò¢ͧ©Ñ¹¼·ŒÙ ÍÕè ÒÈÂÑ ÍÂً㹻ÃÐà·È­»Õè ¹†Ø ໹š ËÁÍ »ÃÐâ¤¹Õµé ŒÍ§ÃкØã˪Œ ѴਹÇҋ ໹š ¾èªÕ Ò¤¹ä˹ à¾ÃÒЩ¹Ñ ÁÕ¾èªÕ ÒÂËÅÒ¤¹ • The school which is opposite the airport is very famous. • âçàÃÕ¹·èÕÍ‹µÙ ç¡Ñ¹¢ŒÒÁ¡ÑºÊ¹ÒÁºÔ¹ÁªÕ ×èÍàÊÂÕ §ÁÒ¡ »ÃÐ⤹éÕËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇҋ ÁâÕ Ã§àÃÕ¹ËÅÒÂáˋ§ ¨Ö§µÍŒ §ÁÕ¡ÒÃÃкØNjÒÁѹ¤×Íá˧‹ ä˹ • I ate the cake which is made this morning. ¤ÓÇ‹Ò That ÊÒÁÒö㪌 á·¹ who ¡ºÑ which ä´àŒ Å â´ÂÁÒ¡¨Ð㪌 ã¹ÀÒÉÒ¾´Ù • Mr. Tom that lives near the hill is very smart. • ¹Ò·ÍÁ¤¹·ÍèÕ ÒÈÑÂÍ‹Ùã¡ÅàŒ ¹Ô¹à¢Ò©ÅÒ´ÁÒ¡ • The school that is opposite the airport is very famous. • âçàÃÕ¹·èÕÍ‹µÙ ç¡¹Ñ ¢ÒŒ Á¡ÑºÊ¹ÒÁº¹Ô ÁªÕ Í×è àÊÕ§ÁÒ¡ Learning English with T.May

non-defining relative clause ¤×Í relative clause ·àèÕ ÊÃÁÔ ¢ŒÍÁÅÙ à¢ÒŒ ä»à©Âæ ໹š ¡ÒÃ͸ԺÒ¢ÂÒ¤ÇÒÁ à¾ÁèÔ àµÔÁ «è§Ö ໚¹·àÕè ¢ÒŒ 㨡¹Ñ ´ÕÍÂáً ŌÇÃÐËÇҋ §¤¹¾´Ù áÅФ¹¿˜§ ¨ÐµÑ´·éÔ§Í͡仡äç ´Œ áÅШÐÍÂًã¹à¤Ã×èͧ ËÁÒ¤ÍÁÁҋ (comma) • My brother, who lives in Japan, is a doctor. • ¾ªèÕ Ò¢ͧ©¹Ñ «èÖ§ÍÒÈÑÂÍ‹Ùã¹»ÃÐà·È­Õ軆ع໚¹ËÁÍ »ÃÐ⤹éÕËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇҋ ©¹Ñ Á¾Õ ªèÕ ÒÂᤋ¤¹à´ÕÂÇ Ã¡ŒÙ ѹ·§Ñé ËÁًºÒŒ ¹Çҋ ÍÂً­»Õè †Ø¹ ᵋÍÂÒ¡¾´Ù àÊÃÔÁࢌÒä»ãˌ´´Ù Õ áÅÐÊÒÁÒöµ´Ñ ·éÔ§¡äç ´Œ • My brother, who lives in Japan, is a doctor. • My brother is a doctor. äÁNj ҋ ¨ÐãʋÊNj ¹¢ÂÒÂËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¡ÒÃÊ×èͤÇÒÁËÁÒ¡äç Á‹à¾ÂÕé ¹ä»¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ ¤ÓÇ‹Ò That äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö㪌 á·¹ who ¡ºÑ which 䴌㹠non-defining relative clause • Mr. Tom that lives near the hill is very smart. √ • Mr. Tom, that lives near the hill, is very smart. X • Mr. Tom, who lives near the hill, is very smart. √ • The school that is opposite the airport is very famous.  √ • The school, that is opposite the airport, is very famous. X • The school, which is opposite the airport, is very famous.  √ ʕÕ•Ø»TWnwhohhaintoc-hËãdҌªeãÁf¡Œªi㌡ѺnªºÑi¤nŒ Êg¹Ñµ rÇelÊatÔè§i¢vÍe§clause  Learning English with T.May

Adverb ã¹ËÅÑ¡ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɤ×Í ¤Ó·Õè¢ÂÒ¤ӡÃÂÔ Ò áÅФӤ³Ø È¾Ñ · Adverb ¤Í× ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇÔàÈɳ ÁËÕ ¹ÒŒ ·èÕ 1.¢ÂÒ¤ӡÃÂÔ Ò ºÍ¡ãËÌ ٌÇҋ ·Ó·èÕä˹ ·ÓàÁ×èÍäËË ·ÓÍ‹ҧäà ·Óº‹ÍÂᤋä˹  àª¹‹ • He came here yesterday. à¢Ò ÁÒ ·Õè¹Õè àÁ×Íè ÇÒ¹¹Õé • here ໹š adverb ºÍ¡ãˌÃÙŒÇ‹Ò ÁÒ ·Õäè ˹ 2.¢ÂÒ¤Ӥ³Ø ÈѾ· áÅТÂÒ¡ÃÔÂÒÇàÔ Èɳàͧ yesterday ໚¹ adverb ºÍ¡ãˌÃٌÇҋ ÁÒ àÁ×èÍäËË ºÍ¡ãËÌ ŒÇÙ ‹ÒÍÂã‹Ù ¹ ÃдºÑ ä˹ ËÃ×Í์¹ÂéÓÇҋ ᤋä˹ હ‹ • He walks slowly. à¢Ò à´Ô¹ ÍÂҋ §ªŒÒæ • The fire is very hot. ä¿ Ã͌ ¹ ÁÒ¡ • slowly ໚¹  adverb ºÍ¡ãˌÃnj٠‹Ò à´Ô¹ ÍÂҋ §äà • He always walk to school. à¢Ò à´¹Ô ä»âçàÃÕ¹ àÊÁÍ hot àá»ÅÇ‹Ò Ã͌ ¹ ໹š ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·¢ÂÒ fire ʋǹ • always ໚¹  adverb ºÍ¡ãˌÃnj٠‹Ò à´¹Ô ºÍ‹ Âá¤ä‹ ˹ very ໚¹ Adverb ¢ÂÒ¤ÓÇҋ hot ºÍ¡ãËÌ Çٌ ‹Ò Ã͌ ¹á¤‹ä˹ • I like it very much. ¼Á ªÍº Áѹ ÁÒ¡ ÁÒ¡ • much àá»ÅÇ‹Ò ÁÒ¡ à»¹š ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇàÔ Èɳ   Ê‹Ç¹ Adverb ÊÒÁÒöẋ§Í͡䴌 5 »ÃÐàÀ· ´§Ñ ¹éÕ very ¡ç໹š Adverb ¢ÂÒ¤ÓÇҋ much ºÍ¡ãËÌ ٌÇҋ ÁÒ¡á¤ä‹ ˹ 1. Time Adverb  ¡ÃÂÔ ÒÇàÔ ÈɳºÍ¡àÇÅÒ  㪌ºÍ¡¡ÒáÃзÓÇҋ “à¡Ô´¢Ö¹é àÁ×èÍäËà ËÃÍ× à¡Ô´¢¹éÖ ËÃÍ× Âѧ” ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇÔàÈɳÍÂً㹡ÅÁ‹Ø ¹éäÕ ´áŒ ¡‹ yesterday(àÁÍè× ÇÒ¹),  today (Ç¹Ñ ¹éÕ), tomorrow (¾Ã‹Ø§¹éÕ),  already (áŌÇ), lately (äÁ¹‹ Ò¹ÁÒ¹é)Õ , finally (·ÒŒ ·ÊÕ ´Ø ), still (处 ¤§), early (áµà‹ ªŒÒ), late (ÊÒÂ), now (µÍ¹¹éÕ), then (µÍ¹¹Ñé¹), soon (ã¹àÃçÇæ¹é)Õ , recently (äÁ‹¹Ò¹ÁÒ¹é)Õ , yet (处 ), before (¡Í‹ ¹), after (ËÅ§Ñ ) so far (¨¹º´Ñ ¹Õ)é ,during (㹪‹Ç§) ,lately (äÁ¹‹ Ò¹ÁÒ¹Õé), just (à¾Ô觨Ð), etc.. •  I saw him yesterday. ©¹Ñ àËç¹à¢ÒàÁ×Íè ÇÒ¹ • à¡Ô´¢Ö¹é àÁèÍ× äËË µÍº àÁèÍ× ÇÒ¹ • I will go shopping tomorrow. ©¹Ñ ¨Ð ä» ªÍ»»§œ ¾Ã‹Ø§¹Õé • à¡Ô´¢éÖ¹àÁèÍ× äËË µÍº ¾Ã‹§Ø ¹éÕ • I’ve already done my home work. ©¹Ñ ·Ó ¡ÒúҌ ¹ ¢Í§©Ñ¹ áÅŒÇ à¡´Ô ¢é¹Ö ËÃÍ× Â§Ñ µÍº à¡´Ô áÅnj • I haven’t done my homework yet.  ©¹Ñ 处 äÁ‹ä´·Œ Ó ¡ÒúҌ ¹ ¢Í§©Ñ¹ • à¡Ô´¢¹éÖ ËÃ×ÍÂѧ µÍº 处 Learning English with T.May

2. Place Adverb  ¡ÃÔÂÒÇàÔ ÈɳºÍ¡Ê¶Ò¹·è Õ 㪺Œ Í¡¡ÒáÃзÓÇҋ “à¡´Ô ¢é¹Ö ·äÕè ˹” ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇÔàÈɳÍÂãً ¹¡Å‹ØÁ¹äéÕ ´Œá¡ ‹ here (·è¹Õ Õè), there (·Õ¹è ѹè ), nere (ã¡Å)Œ , far (ä¡Å), away (ˋҧ), back (¡ÅºÑ ), behind (¢ÒŒ §ËÅ§Ñ ), nowhere (äÁ‹ÁÕ·Õèã´), everywhere (·¡Ø ·èÕ), above (à˹×Í), below(㵌), into (ä»ã¹), in (ã¹), out (¹Í¡), inside (¢ÒŒ §ã¹), outside (¢ŒÒ§¹Í¡), etc.. •  Please come here. ¡ÃØ³Ò ÁÒ ·è¹Õ èÕ • ·èäÕ Ë¹ µÍº ·Õè¹Õè • Please go there. ¡Ã³Ø Ò ä» ·¹èÕ è¹Ñ • ·Õèä˹ µÍº ·Õè¹Õè •  Please come inside. ¡Ã³Ø Ò ÁÒ ¢ŒÒ§ã¹ • ·èÕä˹ µÍº ¢ŒÒ§ä¹ • Please go outside. ¡Ã³Ø Ò ä» ¢ÒŒ §¹Í¡ • ·Õèä˹ µÍº ¢ŒÒ§¹Í¡ • Mr. Thomas is out. • ¤Ø³ â·ÁÊÑ ä»¢ÒŒ §¹Í¡ • Don’t leave children behind. • ÍÂҋ ·Ôé§ à´¡ç æ änj¢ÒŒ §ËÅ§Ñ 3. Manner Adverb  ¡ÃÔÂÒÇàÔ Èɳº Í¡ÍÒ¡Òà 㪺Œ Í¡¡ÒáÃзÓÇ‹Ò “à¡Ô´¢¹éÖ Í‹ҧäÔ ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒÇÔàÈɳ͏ ‹ãÙ ¹¡Å‹ØÁ¹Õé 䴌ᡋ  fast (ÍÂҋ §àÃÇç ), quickly (ÍÂҋ §àÃÇç ), beautifully (Í‹ҧÊǧÒÁ, Í‹ҧä¾àÃÒÐ), carefully (ÍÂҋ §ÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧ), well (ÍÂҋ §´Õ), neatly (Í‹ҧ»ÃгµÕ ), slowly (ÍÂҋ §ªÒŒ ), sadly (ÍÂҋ §àÈÃҌ ), calmly (ÍÂ‹Ò§Ê¢Ø ÁØ ), politely (Í‹ҧÊØÀÒ¾), kindly (ÍÂҋ §ÁàÕ ÁµµÒ), lazily (ÍÂҋ §¢àÕé ¡Õ¨), badly (ÍÂҋ §á‹), loudly (Í‹ҧ´§Ñ ), quietly (ÍÂҋ §à§Õºæ) etc.. •  He runs very  fast. à¢Ò ǧèÔ  ÍÂҋ §àÃçÇ  ÁÒ¡ • Í‹ҧäà µÍº ÍÂҋ §àÃçÇ • She sings beautifully.  Ëŋ͹ Ã͌ §à¾Å§ ÍÂҋ §ä¾àÃÒÐ • ÍÂҋ §äà µÍº Í‹ҧä¾àÃÒÐ •  We speak louldly. ¾Ç¡àÃÒ ¾Ù´ Í‹ҧ´Ñ§ • ÍÂҋ §äà µÍº Í‹ҧ´Ñ§ • They cry quietly. ¾Ç¡à¢Ò Ã͌ §ãˌ  Í‹ҧà§ÂÕ ºæ • Í‹ҧäà µÍº ÍÂҋ §à§ÂÕ º Learning English with T.May