11S1_Group2_3DRQ_BOI

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 LEYTE EARTHQUAKE Group 3 11 STEM-1 Leader: Charles Sayson Jhondelle Edillo Kirk Fernandez Hadjj Garcia Ethan Rafael Adrian Romabon Tony Secreto

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 What is a Disaster? Why should we prepare for a disaster? 3 II. Community Profile 4 Infrastructure 6 Location Occupation 7 8 III. Background History of Disasters 9 solutions IV. Communication Plan and Resources Resources needed after experiencing an earthquake Emergency Hotline V. Emergency Response Protocol VI. Hazard Maps VII. References SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 \"We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge: so many lives wouldn't have to be lost if there was enough disaster preparedness.\" - Petra Nemcova SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 1

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A DISASTER? A disaster is a serious disruption of the community that can lead to damages to physical structures, to the environment, to the economy, and may even cause people to lose their lives. These disasters can occur naturally, like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, etc., or be the product of man-made activities, like fish kills, oil spills, war, etc. Whether they are natural or man- made, they all lead to damage. WHY SHOULD WE PREPARE To protect the livelihood of the people such as FOR A DISASTER? their jobs, workplace, and the like. It also In the event of disasters, prevent lives from being plans and capabilities lost. Being prepared can prepared beforehand are reduce fear, anxiety, and activated. We prepare as losses that accompany much as possible in order disasters. to reduce their damage to our community, and environment Preparing for disasters saves countless of lives whether it is our family, friends and love ones. It also saves us money due to the fact that the disaster would have less impact on us financially if we prepare. SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 2

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 COMMUNITY PROFILE INFRASTRUCTURE Total Population: 1,724,679 Total Municipalities: 140 Leyte is well-known for the San Juanico Bridge which is Total Barangays: 1,503 the longest bridge in the country and in terms of Total Police Stations: 34 infrastructure, there are 649 approved building permits Total Hospitals: 20 in the province. The average cost of land per sqm Total Fire Stations: 14 remains one of the lowest in the country with 7,974 for residential and 13,673 for non-residential. Built during the American occupation, Leyte Provincial Capitol stood witness to some key moments in Philippine history. It served as the seat of provincial government since 1924 until recently, and survived damages from Japanese- American War, and a 6.4 earthquake just April of this year. LOCATION OCCUPATION Leyte occupies the eastern Agriculture is the primary industry in Leyte. The main products include section of Visayas which is part rice, coconut, corn, sugarcane, and fish. An industrial complex that of Region 8. The location of the produces sulfuric acid, fertilizer, and refined copper is in Isabel. province makes it one of the Sugar milling and soft drink bottling are two more significant provinces that is prone to industry facilities in the province. The province also hosts a calamities. It usually encounter geothermal plant that supplies electricity not only to Leyte earthquakes, floods, and storms. Province but also to Cebu, Samar, and Southern Leyte. According to a study by Phivolcs in 2014, a segment of the Philippine Fault called the Central Leyte Fault traverses the province which causes earthquakes. SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 3

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 BACKGROUND HISTORY OF EARTHQUAKE Earthquakes are one of the most frequent natural calamities and have been a hot topic of concern worldwide due to their significant damage to infrastructure, homes, livelihoods, and loss of lives. The Philippines is one of the countries prone to this natural calamity due to its geographical position near the pacific ring of fire. Unfortunately, Leyte is one of the The Philippine government and local authorities have taken steps to provinces in the Philippines that improve earthquake preparedness in Leyte and other earthquake-prone frequently experiences areas in the country. These efforts include the implementation of early earthquakes, as it has an active warning systems, earthquake drills in schools and workplaces, and the fault line running through the strengthening of building infrastructure to better withstand middle of Leyte, causing most of seismic activity. In light of recent disasters caused by earthquakes in the earthquakes in the region. Southern Leyte, there really is a need for a disaster preparedness plan. Due to this it poses a significant impact on the community, and recovery can take a long time, especially if critical infrastructure is affected. In this case, the earthquake caused severe damage to roads, bridges, and buildings, making it difficult for residents to access essential Such a plan should include strategies services such as hospitals and for evacuating residents, securing schools. The disaster also critical infrastructure, and disrupted businesses, resulting in communicating information to a significant economic impact. residents during a disaster. There is also a need to train residents on what to do in case of an emergency and identify safe locations for evacuation. A concrete example of this is infrastructure safety/ durability. The local government should ensure that buildings, schools, and other public structures comply with building codes and regulations. Regular inspections should be conducted to identify any potential hazards on said infrastructure to ensure its durability. SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 4

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 SOLUTIONS One possible solution to the problems an earthquake may pose to the community is to invest in building resilient infrastructures. This can involve constructing buildings and bridges that can withstand strong earthquakes, strengthening existing infrastructure, and improving early warning systems. Another solution is to develop community-based disaster risk reduction and management strategies. This can involve organizing local communities to prepare for disasters, including providing training and resources for residents to prepare their homes and families. Additionally, the government and private organizations can provide support to affected communities by providing emergency relief, funding for rebuilding, and support for affected businesses. Education is also a crucial solution to minimize the impact of disasters. People need to be educated about disaster preparedness, including creating an emergency kit, identifying safe evacuation locations, and understanding the warning signs of an impending disaster. Schools can play a significant role in educating children and their families about disaster preparedness. Throughout our synthesis, it is clear that earthquakes, which can vary in magnitude, have significantly affected Leyte, resulting in loss of lives and property damage depending on the said magnitude of the earthquake. To cope with these losses, action must be taken by both the government of Leyte and the people of Leyte. That is where significance of a disaster plan comes into play as to prevent or minimize the damage an earth may cause to the environment. Being prepared in times of disaster is crucial since disasters can strike without warning, and this is particularly true for earthquakes. Being prepared as individuals can help minimize damage, loss of life, and increase the chances of survival and recovery. SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 5

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 COMMUNICATION PLAN AND RESOURCES Resources needed after experiencing an earthquake: 1. Fire trucks 2. Ambulance 3. Transportation 4. Hospitals 5. Medical Facilities 6. Evacuation Centers 7. Doctors 8. Firemen 9. Policemen 10. Medical equipment 11.First aid 12. Medicines 13. Relief Goods 14. Water Supply 15. Generators 16.Stable communication network Emergency Hotlines: Leyte Police Provincial Office (LPPO) LEYTE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE (LEYECO) Smart: 0998-598-5628 Globe: 0917-304-4316 Globe: 0917-383-1684 Coast Guard District Eastern Visayas (CGDEV) Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center Smart: 0969-217-4123 Hotline: (053) 321-8724 Globe: 0966-217-9610 Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Leyte Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Hotline: (053) 335-3998 Management Office (LPDRRMO) Globe: 0936-272-3351 Smart: 0939-918-2861 TNT: 0938-249-5410 Globe: 0917-707-3787 City Health Office (CHO) Health Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Hotline: (053) 335-3321 Globe: 0927-373-2694 SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 6

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 EMERGENCY RESPONSE EBAERFTOHR QEUAAKNE PROTOCOL Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home. Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity. Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake. Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake). Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor. Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace. EADURRTIHN QGUAANKE If you're indoors stay inside stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors. Don't use elevators (they may shut down). If you're outdoors Stay outside stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you). Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix. EAARFTTHE QRUAANKE If you're in a car stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops. Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone). Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency. Stay out of damaged buildings. Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet. Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground have stopped shaking. If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge. SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 7

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 HAZARD MAP The hazard map above shows the fault line located in Leyte. This fault line is a part of the Philippine Fault Zone and is also known as the Leyte Fault Line wherein it starts from the city of Villalon, Leyte and ends in San Francisco, Southern Leyte. The towns of Sogod, Libagon, Saint Bernard and San Ricardo are right along the active Central Leyte Fault. The Leyte Island fault line is part of the 1,200-km.-long Philippine fault zone, a major tectonic feature that transects the whole Philippine archipelago from northwestern Luzon to southeastern Mindanao. The central Philippine Fault Zone is found to be the locus of great earthquakes, a transition zone with slow slip and creep activity. This is based on the analysis and correlation of seismic historic data and detailed documentation of recent seismic events in the region. According to Meniano “There are movements but very weak since 1900 until the present. We don’t know when the major earthquake will happen, but people have to be aware,”. This arc-parallel and left-lateral strike-slip fault is divided into several segments and has been the source of large- magnitude earthquakes in recent years, such as the 1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake (magnitude 7), 1990 Luzon earthquake (magnitude 7.7), and 2003 Masbate earthquake (magnitude 6.2). SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 8

SY 2022-2023 DRRR exclusive April, 2023 REFERENCES Crisis 24. (2023). Philippines: Magnitude-5.4 earthquake occurs in Leyte Gulf at around 04:25 PHT Jan. 28. Crisis 24. https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/01/philippines-magnitude- 54-earthquake-occurs-in-leyte-gulf-at-around-0425-pht-jan-28 Meniano, S. (2017, August 7). Tacloban develops school-based quake preparedness measures. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005063 PhiVolcs. (n.d.). PRIMER ON THE 06 JULY 2017 MAGNITUDE 6.5 LEYTE EARTHQUAKE 07 July 2017. PhiVolcs. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/631-primer-on-the-06- july-2017-magnitude-6-5-leyte-earthquake-07-july-2018 Earthquake | UN-SPIDER Knowledge Portal. (n.d.). https://www.un- spider.org/category/disaster- type/earthquake#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20different%20types,cause%20physical% 20and%20chemical%20changes. City of Baybay, Leyte. (2022, March 18). City Health Office — City of Baybay, Leyte. https://baybaycity.gov.ph/offices/city-health/ Facebook. (n.d.). https://www.facebook.com/LeytePDRRMOPh/ Leyte Profile – PhilAtlas. (1903, March 2). https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r08/leyte.html Cahigas, M. M. L., Prasetyo, Y. T., Persada, S. F., & Nadlifatin, R. (2023). Filipinos’ intention to participate in 2022 leyte landslide response volunteer opportunities: The role of understanding the 2022 leyte landslide, social capital, altruistic concern, and theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 84, 103485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103485 Gavilan, J. (2017, July 7). FAST FACTS: Leyte and natural disasters. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/174983-fast-facts-leyte-province-natural- disasters/ Rinkesh. (2022b, July 27). What is an Earthquake: Types, Causes and Effects | Conserve Energy Future. Conserve Energy Future. https://www.conserve-energy- future.com/howearthquakesoccur.php Meniano, S. (2018). Central Leyte Fault ripe for strong quake: Phivolcs. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1028657 Before a Disaster-Emergency Preparedness Benefits. (n.d.). https://sheriff.deschutes.org/divisions/special-services/emergency-management/before- a-disaster-emergency-preparedness/ SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY 9