russia MOSCOW Peter and Paul 40 fortress 51 Peter and Paul’s Cathedral and the Boat House Photos: State Museum of the History of St Petersburg The Mint The Commandant’s House The fortress was founded in the delta From 1718 onwards Peter and Paul Fortress of the Neva River on 27 May 1703 to defend was also used as a prison for state the land that Russia had captured from the criminals. Swedes during the Great Northern War. From 1870 to 1872 a new prison was built contact The same day is also considered to be and the castle remained the main remand the birthday of the City of St. Petersburg. prison up until 1918. Most of the buildings It took four months to build the fortress inside Peter and Paul Fortress are under Peter and Paul Fortress out of earth and timber in the form of the authority of the St. Petersburg Muse- an irregular hexagon with six curtain walls um of History. State Museum of the History linking six massive bastions protruding of St Petersburg towards the attacker. 3 Petropavlovskaya krepost During a period from 1706 to 1740 earth Tsar Peter the Great 1682–1725 RU-197046 and timber were replaced by a solid The Great Northern War 1700–1721 St Petersburg construction of masonry and from 1779 St. Petersburg, Capital of the Russian Russian Federation to 1785 the southern walls of the fortress Empire 1713–1728, 1732–1918 were faced with granite. Tel. + 7 812 230 64 31 Tel. + 7 812 498 05 11 [email protected] www.spbmuseum.ru
russia MOSCOW MOSCOW suVoroV memorial museum 41 52 View of the exhibition. Photos: The Suvorov Memorial Museum in St. Petersburga The Suvorov Memorial Museum in south of Russia in the late 18th century. Suvorov Museum in St.Petersburg St.Petersburg was Russia’s fi rst memorial After the revolution in 1917 the museum museum built according to Emperor was closed. It was reopened in 1951 as the Nicholas II’s decree of 1899 and opened Suvorov Museum of Military History. contact in the presence of His Majesty in 1904. However, since 1991 it has been the It was designed by court architect Alexan- Suvorov Memorial Museum again. der von Gogen and constructed between It displays personal belongings, war Suvorov Memorial 1901 and 1904. With its stylistic loans from decorations, uniforms, guns, banners, old Russian fortress architecture (especially documents, rare books, paintings, dra- Museum from the Kremlin in Moscow), its turrets wings and tin miniatures. and battlements and medieval armors The Suvorov Memorial Museum carved in stone, it stresses the fact that the 43 Kirochnaya Ulitsa museum is dedicated to the greatest Generalissimo St. Petersburg Russian commander of all time and one of Alexander Suvorov 1729–1800 RU-191015 the great generals of the world, Alexander Russian Federation Suvorov who, besides never losing a battle, also built fortresses in the autonomous Tel. + 7 812 579 3914 Grand Duchy of Finland and towns in the [email protected] www.suvorovmuseum.ru
russia MOSCOW MOSCOW VYBorG 42 castle 41 53 Photos: Vyborg Castle Vyborg Castle Vyborg Castle was built by the Swedes houses, chancellery and living quarters. at the end of the 13th century on the Today the castle is a museum of Karelian Isthmus by the Baltic Sea (Gulf the history and natural history of Karelia. of Finland) as part of the defense of the contact border between Finland and Novgorod. The fi rst castle consisted of a square tower Vyborg Castle was built surrounded by a curtain wall. The town by the Swedes 1293 Vyborg Castle of Vyborg was a vivid centre of trade and The Great Northern War 1700–1721 administration. Russians take over Museum Viborgskii zamok The castle was modernized, strengthened Vyborg Castle 1710 ostrov Zamkovii 1 and expanded between 1442 and 1448 Autonomous Grand Duchy Viborg by Governor-General Karl Knutsson, of Finland, part of Russia, 1809–1917 Leningradskaja oblast future King of Sweden. The Republic of Finland 1917–1944 RU-188800 Karl Knutsson also lived in Vyborg Castle. The Union of Soviet Socialist Russian Federation During the reign of King Gustav I Vasa Republics 1944–1991 the tower was furnished with an octagonal Russian Federation since 1991 Tel. + 7 881 32 15 15 upper part and became the main artillery fortifi cation of the castle. [email protected] In the 19th century Vyborg Castle was www.oblmuseums.spb.ru damaged by fi res twice and restoration work took place in the 1890s. The buildings have been used as prison, barracks, store
43 STOCKHOLM sWeden GriPsholm castle 54 3 - © Dick Norberg, Norberg Design Photos: 1 - Kungliga Husgerådskammaren ,2 - © The Royal Court of Sweden, photo Alexis Dafl os; Gripsholm Castle seen from Mariefred The outer courtyard of Gripsholm Castle with the Grip Tower and the Governor’s Wing With its Renaissance towers and prison Gustav III (1771-1792). During his time, cells, baroque splendour, Gustavian many of the rooms were redecorated in elegance and rich historical heritage Swedish neoclassicism and he also added Gripsholm Castle presents more than the enchanting theatre. contact 400 years of Swedish history. Gripsholm has a large collection of por- The fi rst castle was built in the years traits known today as the Swedish State around 1380 by the Lord High Chancellor Collection of Portraits. It can be traced Bo Jonsson Grip. After his death it had back to the 17th century and portraits of Gripsholm Castle several owners, among them the Carthu- prominent Swedes are added every year. sian monastery of Pacis Mariae. Gripsholms slottsförvaltning In 1526 it was claimed by King GustavI Vasa Gripsholms slot who built the present castle as a strong- The Grip family about 1380–1404 S-647 31 Mariefred hold where he and his family could retire Queen Margrete and the Kings Sweden in times of unrest. The most complete of of the Nordic Union 1404–1472 the remaining interiors of the Vasa Sten Sture the Elder 1472–1498 Tel. + 46 159 101 94 period is the Chamber of Duke Charles Monasterium Pacis Mariae 1498–1526 from the 1570s. Later, kings and queens Crown Property 1526, at H. M. www.kungahuset.se have commissioned extensions and new the King of Sweden’s disposition interiors at Gripsholm, among them is
STOCKHOLM sWeden Kalmar castle 44 55 The Castle Church was built during Photos: Oktod. the reign of Johan III and was used for the fi rst time in 1592 Around 1180 a tower was constructed near Restoration began in the 1880s and was Kalmar harbour in order to protect trade fi nished in 1939. Today Kalmar Castle is and at the end of the 13th century a royal a museum as well as a famous tourist fortress with round towers at each corner attraction during the summer season and a square tower facing the town were off ering many activities for both children contact built around it. The most important politi- and adults. Magnifi cent banquets are cal event to take place at Kalmar Castle was arranged in the wintertime. the forming of the Kalmar Union between Kalmar Castle Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 1397, which lasted until Gustav I Vasa became The Swedish Kingdom Kalmar Slott King of Sweden in 1523. 13th century–1397 Kungsgatan 1 During the 16th century the kings of the The Kalmar Union (Denmark, S-392 33 Kalmar Vasa dynasty transformed Kalmar Castle Sweden and Norway) 1397-1523 Sweden into a splendid Renaissance palace. After The Swedish Kingdom since 1523 the war in 1658 Denmark lost all of its land Tel. + 48 04 51 490 in Sweden south of Kalmar and the castle lost its strategic importance. [email protected] www.kalmarslott.se
STOCKHOLM sWeden malmÖ castle 56 45 Photos: 1 - Merja Diaz, 2 - Johanna Rylander, 3 - Mikael Sandholm Malmöhus Castle Cannon tower from the 16th century Malmöhus Castle In 1434 Erik of Pomerania, King of From the 1930s on the castle was restored Denmark, Norway and Sweden, built in Renaissance style and today it is a citadel in the town of Malmö of which a museum. traces can still be seen in the walls. contact During the Count’s Feud the citizens of Malmö occupied it and tore down the walls The Kalmar Union (Denmark, separating it from the city. After the rebel- Sweden and Norway) 1397–1523 lion was crushed Christian III (1536-1559) Malmöhus as a Danish Royal Malmöhus Castle built a new citadel. In 1607 Denmark’s Castle 1434–1658 “builder king” Christian IV, among other The Royal Mint at Malmöhus Malmö Museer things, added an elegant storehouse with 1444–1526 Malmöhusvägen 6 Dutch Renaissance gables to the castle. Malmöhus and the whole S-201 24 Malmö After 1658 the Swedes modernized province of Skåne Sweden the castle with a Dutch-inspired defense has been Swedish since 1658 system and in 1675 it withstood a Danish Tel. + 46 40 34 10 00 siege. However, the fortress fell into disrepair and Malmöhus was used mainly [email protected] as a granary and an arsenal for the Swedish www.malmo.se/museer army. From 1828 until 1909 it served as a prison.
STOCKHOLM sWeden 46 nYKÖPinG castle 57 The King’s tower and the wall Photos: Sörmlands Museum The 16th century gatehouse. Duke Karl’s coat-of-arms can be seen above the gate. The gatehouse and part of the ramparts Nyköpingshus was one of the most im- Denmark was born here in 1622. In 1665 portant medieval strongholds in Sweden a fi re left most of the castle in ruins. In and kings and nobles often fought to gain the centuries to come the remains served control over the castle. as county jail, granary and home for the contact At a Christmas banquet arranged by King destitute. Since the early 20th century Birger in 1317 he imprisoned his brothers Nyköpingshus has been a museum. Duke Erik and Duke Valdemar in the still existing dungeon and left them to freeze Nyköpingshus Castle and starve to death. Gustav I Vasa im- King Birger 1290–1318 proved the defences and two new gun King Gustav I Vasa 1523–1560 Sörmlands museum towers were added. After his death, his Karl, Duke of Södermanland, box 314 son Karl, Duke of Södermanland, trans- born 1550 S-611 26 Nyköping formed the castle into a splendid palace King Karl IX of Sweden 1604–1611 Sweden surrounded by ramparts. Duke Karl’s reign King Karl X Gustav 1654–1660 is the most glorious period in the history Tel. + 46 155 245 700 of the castle. King Karl X Gustav who led his armies to war in Poland, Germany and [email protected] www.sormlandsmuseum.se
47 STOCKHOLM sWeden roYal Palace of stocKholm 58 *1 Photos: © The Royal Court of Sweden, photos Alexis Dafos The earliest history of the Royal residence the King of Sweden’s offi cial residence The Royal Palace from the south-east in Stockholm is a subject of debate, but and the state apartments are used for by the end of the 13th century there was audiences, receptions and other royal a stronghold that grew into a large castle. functions. At other times they may contact It was destroyed by fi re in 1697 and be visited by the public as may the four Nicodemus Tessin the Younger designed museums housed in the Royal Palace: the new residence in order to create a Gustav III’s Museum of Antiquities – Royal Palace baroque synthesis of Roman and French opened as the Royal Museum in 1794 – palaces that would surpass its models. the Museum Tre Kronor, the Treasury of Stockholm Building the palace was a long process and the Royal Armoury. that did not end until the late 19th century. Kungliga Slottet Many architects, artists and craftsmen have S -111 30 Stockholm contributed to the interiors, which bear Crown Property, at HM Sweden witness to the patronage and collecting the King of Sweden’s disposition of Swedish monarchs and their consorts Tel. + 46 8 402 61 30 from the Renaissance to the present day. The Royal Palace of Stockholm is HM www.kungahuset.se/ royalcourt/royalpalaces *1 The Grand Stone Gallery of Gustav III’s Museum of Antiquities, designed by C. F. Sundvall.
48 STOCKHOLM sWeden sKoKloster castle 59 *1 Photos: Jens Mohr The middle room in the Wrangel Armour The square castle with its four towers is situated in a park close to Lake Mälaren. From the 13th century on the land be- Skokloster Castle with its more than 50,000 longed to a Cistercian convent. During objects is regarded as one of the best the reformation the property was confi s- Baroque museums in the world. cated by the Crown and the only remain- contact ing part of the convent today is a Gothic brick church. Cistercian nunnery At the beginning of the 17th century the mid 13th century–1527 Estonian-born German- Baltic nobleman Margareta Grip married to Skokloster Castle Captain Herman Wrangel had entered Captain Herman Wrangel 1611–1624 Swedish service and in 1611 he received Their son Count Carl Gustaf Skoklosters Slott Skokloster as a gift from King Karl IX. Wrangel 1624–1676 S-746 96 Skokloster His son, the famous Field Marshal By inheritance and marriage Sweden Carl Gustaf Wrangel, started to build the Counts Brahe 1676–1930 the present castle in 1654. By inheritance the Barons Tel. + 46 8 402 30 60 It became one of the largest 17th century von Essen 1930–1967 buildings in Sweden and during the 17th, Bought by the Swedish State [email protected] 18th and 19th century the owners and opened as a state museum 1967 www.skoklostersslott.se gathered a unique collection of books, weapons, textiles, tools, natural history specimens, exotic objects, furniture and paintings. Since 1967 Skokloster has been a state-run museum. *1 The corridors on the fi rst fl oor are decorated with proverbs and portraits of offi cers in the Swedish army.
touristic information 60 more travel information about the countries participating in aGora 2.0: Belarus finland Visit Belarus The Official Travel Site of Finland www.belarus.by/en/travel www.visitfinland.com Visit Helsinki www.visithelsinki.fi denmark Visit Denmark www.visitdenmark.com Germany Visit Copenhagen German National Tourist Board www.visitcopenhagen.com www.germany.travel Official Tourism Portal for Visitors to the German Capital estonia www.visitberlin.com Visit Estonia Tourist Board Mecklenburg- www.visitestonia.com West Pomerania – Tourismusverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern The Official Website of www.auf-nach-mv.de the Tallinn City Tourist Office www.tourism.tallinn.ee Tourism Marketing Brandenburg – Tourismus Marketing Brandenburg Visit Tartu (in German) www.visittartu.com www.reiseland-brandenburg.de Tourism Agency Schleswig-Holstein – Tourismus-Agentur Schleswig-Holstein www.sh-tourismus.de
61 latvia russia / Kaliningrad region Official Latvian Tourism Portal Regional Tourism Information www.latvia.travel Center Kaliningrad www.visit-kaliningrad.ru Visit Riga www.liveriga.com Latvian Rural Tourism Association sweden www.countryholidays.lv Sweden's Official Website for Tourism and Travel Information www.visitsweden.com lithuania Stockholm’s Official Visitors Guide Visit Lithuania www.visitstockholm.com www.visitlithuania.net Visit Vilnius www.vilnius-tourism.lt Poland Poland’s Official Travel Website www.poland.travel Official Tourist Website of Warsaw www.warsawtour.pl
imPrint ISSN 2194 - 8224 All rights reserved © 2012 University of Greifswald SERIES EDITOR Dipl. oec. Betina Meliss Tel. +49 3834 / 864541 [email protected] ISSUE EDITOR Anne Parikka and Bengt Kylsberg, The Association of Castles and Museums around the Baltic Sea PRODUCED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT AGORA 2.0 Project leader: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Steingrube Tel. +49 3834 / 864540 [email protected] Project coordinator: Betina Meliss University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and Geology Makarenkostrase 22 17487 Greifswald COVER PICTURE Shutterstock ENVELOPE PICTURES 1,2,6 - The Association , 3 - Museovirasto , 4 - G.Kalniņš, 5 - Bauska Castle Museum ARTWORK GRAF FISCH DESIGN, Greifswald PRINTING Hoff mann-Druck GmbH, Wolgast
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