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www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr 10. SINIF 1. MODÜL ELEKTRİK VE MANYETİZMA ³ Elektrik yükleri, Elektriksel kuvvet, Elektrik Alan t 2 ³ Elektrik Alan ve Potansiyel Fark t 7 ³ Katı İletkenin Direnci t 10 ³ Elektrik Devreleri t 12 ³ Üreteçlerin Bağlanması t 19 ³ Elektriksel Enerji ve Güç t 25 ³ Mıknatıs ve Manyetik Alan t 36 ³ Akım ve Manyetik Alan t 41 ³ Dünyanın Manyetik Alanı t 48 ³ Karma Testler t 53 ³ Yazılı Soruları t 58 ³ Fen Lisesi Testler t 60 ³ Yeni Nesil Sorular t 62 1
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10. SINIF .0%·- &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr %FWSFEFHпLBZOBóOOPMVõUVSEVóVQPUBOTJ- %JSFOÀMFSJO#BôMBONBT ZFM GBSL EÐ[HÐO PMBSBL BSUSMEóOEB JMFULFOJO 4FSJCBôMBNBWFÌ[FMMJLMFSJ uçlaS BSBTOEBLJ FMFLUSJL BMBO ^ E h õJEEFUJ EF BSUBDBóOEBOJMFULFOÐ[FSJOEFOCJSJN[BNBOEB %m/*m HF¿FOFMFLUSPOTBZTZBOJBLNõJEEFUJEFBS- UBDBLUS V öMFULFOÐ[FSJOEFOHF¿FOBLNõJEEFUJOJO I) uy- R1 B B R2 C C R3 D HVMBOBOQPUBOTJZFMGBSLBCBóMHSBGJóJõFLJMEFLJ A i1 i2 i3 HJCJEJS \"LNõJEEFUJ I) V1 V2 V3 I I +– I Pil AVB a V Potansiyel fark (V) %JSFO¿MFSJO V¿ VDB CBóMBONBT JMF FMEF FEJMFO 0 CBóMBONBõFLMJOFTFSJCBôMBNBEFOJS (SBGJóJOFóJNJ tan a = I = 1 EJS #V EFWSFEF PMVõBO BLN UFL CJS ZPM J[MFS WF EJ- VR SFO¿EFóFSMFSJGBSLMPMTBCJMFCÐUÐOEJSFO¿MFSEFO HF¿FOBLNõJEEFUJBZOPMVS 0IN ZBTBT CJS FMFLUSJL EFWSFTJOJO UBNBNOB VZHVMBOBCJMEJóJHJCJTF¿JMFOCJSCËMHFTJOFEFVZ- I =J =J =J3EJS HVMBOBCJMJS )FSCJSEJSFODJOV¿MBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSL- ÖRNEK 19 MBSO UPQMBN QJMJO V¿MBS BSBTOEBLJ QPUBOTJZFM GBSLOBFõJUPMVS V = V\"# + V#$ + VCD 6¿MBSBSBTOEBLJTBCJUQPUBOTJZFMGBSLMBS7 =7PMUWF V = V + V + V3PMVS V = 7PMU PMBO QJMMFS JMF EJSFO¿MFSJ 3 WF 3 PMBO JMFU- 3 3WF33EJSFO¿MFSJOJOFõEFóFSJOF3Fõ der- TFLWFPINZBTBTOEFWSFJ¿JOZB[BSTBL LFOMFSMFLVSVMBOEFWSFMFSôFLJM-*WFôFLJM-**EFLJHJCJEJS R1 R2 V = I3FõPMVS i1 + i2 + 0IBMEF – – I .Refl = i1 .R1 + i2 .R2 + i3 .R3 Pil Pil Refl = R1 + R2 + R3 olur. V1 = 4 Volt V2 = 9 Volt 4FSJCBóMEJSFO¿MFSJOFõEFóFSJEFWSFEFLJEJSFO¿- ôFLJMm* ôFLJMm** MFSJOUPQMBNOBFõJUUJS 31 WF 32 EJSFOÀMFSJOEFO HFÀFO BLN öJEEFUMFSJ 4FSJ CBóM PMBO EJSFO¿MFSJO Fõ EFóFSJ EFWSFEFLJ R1 FOCÐZÐLEJSFO¿UFOEFCÐZÐLUÐS i1 = \" J2 = \"PMEVôVOBHÌSF R2 PSBOLBÀUS 71 = i131 j 4 = 31 j31 = 20 Ô Simülasyonu var! 72 = i232 j 9 = 32 j32 = 30 Ô #VLPOVJMFJMHJMJEFOFZWJEFP- MBS WFZB TJNÐMBTZPOMBSB ZBO- R = 2 dir. 2 EBLJ 2SLPEJMFVMBõBCJMJSTJOJ[ $FWBQ 1 3 R3 2 19. 2 14 3
www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" .0%·- 10. SINIF ÖRNEK 20 ÖRNEK 22 %JSFO¿EFóFSMFSJ3 =Ô 3 =ÔPMBOEJSFO¿MFSWF39 3 =Ô 3 =Ô 33 =ÔEJSFO¿MFSJJMFLVSVMBOEFWSF EJSFODJ JMF V¿MBS BSBTOEBLJ QPUBOTJZFM GBSL 7 = 7PMU QBS¿BTõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS PMBOÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS R1 Ô R2 Ô R3 Ô R1 Ô RX R2 Ô K MN L I = 4A #VOB HÌSF ,/ BSBTOEBLJ FöEFôFS 3,/ .- BSBTO- RKN Pil EBLJFöEFôFSEJSFOÀ3.-JTF RML PSBOLBÀUS +– V = 28 Volt ·SFUFÀUFO HFÀFO BLN I = \"NQFS PMEVôVOB HÌSF %JSFOÀMFSTFSJCBôMPMEVôVOEBO 3,/ =31 +32 j3,/ = 1Ô + 3Ô j3,/ = 4Ô 3XEJSFODJLBÀPINEVS %JSFOÀMFSTFSJCBôMPMEVôVOBHÌSFPINZBTBTOEBO 7=*3Fö 28 j3Fö 3.- =32 +33 j3/- = 3Ô + 4Ô j3.- = 7Ô 3Fö =ÕEVS 4 7 =31 +3Y +32 j7 = 2 +3X +Õ 3X =ÕEVS$FWBQÕ $FWBQ 7 ÖRNEK 21 %JSFO¿EFóFSMFSJ3 =Ô 3 =ÔPMBOEJSFO¿MFSWFV¿- 1BSBMFMCBôMBNBWFÌ[FMMJLMFSJ MBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSL7=WPMUPMBOQJMJMFLV- SVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS %m/*m V1= 8V V2 = 12V V1 i1 = 4A i2 = 4A i1 R1 i1 R1 Ô R2 Ô i1 I I +– i2 V2 I = 4A Pil i2 R2 i2 V = 20 Volt I \"OBLPMBLN I #VOBHÌSF +– B %FWSFOJOFöEFôFSEJSFODJLBÀPINEVS Pil C 71 WF 72 WPMUNFUSFMFSJOJO ÌMÀUÑôÑ QPUBOTJZFM V GBSLMBSLBÀWPMUEVS B %JSFOÀMFSTFSJCBôMPMEVôVOEBO ôFLJMEFLJHJCJEJSFO¿MFSJOCJSFSV¿MBSOOBZOOPL- UBZBCJSMFõUJSJMFSFLCBóMBONBTOBQBSBMFMCBôMB- 3Fö =31 +32 j3Fö = 2Ô + 3Ô NBEFOJS 3Fö = 5ÔEJS $FWBQÔ 3 WF 3 EJSFO¿MFSJOJO V¿MBS ÐSFUFDJO V¿MBSOB C 0INZBTBTOEBOEFWSFBLNCVMBMN CBóM PMEVóVOEBO EJSFO¿MFSJO V¿MBS BSBTOEBLJ 7= I3Fö j 20 = I. 5 V WF 7 QPUBOTJZFM GBSLMBS ÐSFUFDJO V¿MBS BSB- =\"NQFS TOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSLB 7 FõJUPMVS )FSEJSFOÀUFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJFöJUPMBDBôOEBO 71 = (4A).(2Ô 73 = (4A).(3Ô) 72 =7PMU 71 =7PMU $FWBQ71 =7 72 =7 V = V = VEJS 20. Õ 21. a) 5 ÕC 71 772 7 15 22. 4 7
10. SINIF .0%·- &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr 0IN:BTBTOEBO D %JSFOÀMFSJOVÀMBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSLMBSQJMJO V V1 V2 VÀMBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSLBFöJUPMEVôVOEBOPIN R R1 R2 =I ; i1 = ; i2 = dir. LBOVOVOEBO IBOBLPMBLNOOHJEFDFóJJLJZPMPMEVóVOEBO 7= i131 12 = i1 . 12 j i1 =\"NQFS 12 = i2 . 4 j i2 =\"NQFS I =J +JEJS 12 = i3 . 6 j i3 =\"NQFS 0IBMEFEFWSFOJOFõEFóFSEJSFODJOF3FõEFSTFL $FWBQJ1\" J2\" J3\" I = i1 + i2 & V V1 V2 %m/*m =+ Refl R1 R2 3FPTUB &MFLUSJL EFWSFTJOEF BLN õJEEFUJOJ EF- 1 = 1 + 1 olur. óJõUJSNFLJ¿JOLVMMBOMBOBZBSMBOBCJMJSEJSFODFre- Refl R1 R2 ostaEFOJS 4ÐSHÐ Sol 4Bó 4ÐSHÐ OUBOFQBSBMFMCBóMEJSFO¿J¿JOFõEFóFSEJSFO¿ 1 = 1 + 1 +.................... 1 I1 K M L I2 K M L Refl R1 R2 Rn +– +– õFLMJOEFZB[MS 1BSBMFMCBóMEJSFO¿MFSJOFõEFóFSJEFWSFEFLJFO ôFLJMm* ôFLJMm** LпÐLEJSFO¿UFOEFEBIBLпÐLPMVS ôFLJM-*EFTÐSHÐ,OPLUBTOEBJLFOEFWSFOJOEJ- SFODJ3,- TÐSHÐTBóB¿FLJMFSFL.OPLUBTOBHF- UJSJMJSTFEFWSFOJOEJSFODJ3.-PMVS ÖRNEK 23 3,- >3-.PMEVóVOEBOI > IPMVS %JSFO¿CÐZÐLMÐLMFSJ3 =Ô 3 =ÔWF33 =ÔPMBO ÖRNEK 24 EJSFO¿MFSWFV¿MBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSL7=WPMU PMBOQJMJMFLVSVMNVõEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS 3EJSFODJ 7PMUNFUSF 7 \"NQFSNFUSF \" 3FPTUBWF1JM JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS i1 R1 Ô Reosta i2 R2 Ô i3 A KL I \"OBLPMBLN R3 Ô RV +– Pil +– V = 12 Volt 3FPTUBEÑ[FOFôJOEF,OPLUBTOEBLJTÑSHÑ-OPLUB- TOBLBEBSÀFLJMJSTF #VOBHÌSF * \"NQFSNFUSFOJOHËTUFSEJóJEFóFSBSUBS B %FWSFOJOFöEFôFSEJSFODJLBÀÔPMVS ** %FWSFOJOEJSFODJB[BMS C \"OBLPMBLN I LBÀBNQFSEJS *** 7PMUNFUSFOJOHËTUFSEJóJEFóFSBSUBS D 31 32 WF 33 dirençlerinden geçen i1 J2 WF J3 ZBSHMBSOEBOIBOHJMFSJEPôSVEVS BLNMBSLBÀBNQFSEJS 4ÑSHÑOÑO-ZFÀFLJMNFTJJMFEFWSFOJOEJSFODJB[BMS BOB- B %JSFOÀMFSQBSBMFMCBôMPMEVôVOEBO LPMBLNBSUBS *EPôSV **EPôSV 3EJSFODJOEFOHFÀFOBLNBSUBDBôJÀJOPINZBTBTOEBO 1 1 11 = 2X 7= I3 7PMUNFUSFOJOHÌTUFSEJôJEFôFSBSUBS ***EPôSV = + + &R R 12 4 6 efl $FWBQ* **WF*** efl $FWBQÔ C 7= I3Fö j 12 = I. 2 =\"NQFS $FWBQ\" 23. a) 2ÔC \"D J1 \" J2 \" J3 = 2A 16 24. * **WF***
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TEST - 5 &-&,53÷,%&73&-&3÷ 1. 3 =ÔWF3 =ÔMVLEJSFO¿MFSWFJ¿EJSFODJ 4. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿WFCÐZÐLMÐLMFSJ3LBEBS ËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS PMBOEJSFO¿MFSMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS R1 = 12Ô R2 = 18Ô i1 R RR R A i2 R R V = 60 Volt #VOBHÌSF \"BNQFSNFUSFTJOJOHÌTUFSEJôJBLN V öJEEFUJLBÀBNQFSEJS #VOBHÌSF öFLJMEFCFMJSUJMFOJ1WFJ2BLNMBSOO \" # $ % & PSBO i1 LBÀUS i2 A) 1 # 1 $ % & 32 2. #ÐZÐLMÐLMFSJÔ ÔWFÔPMBOEJSFO¿MFSMFLVSVMBO 5. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[WPMUMVLÐSFUF¿WFCÐZÐLMÐLMF- ,- EFWSF QBS¿BTOEB ,- OPLUBMBS BSBTOEBLJ QP- SJÔ Ô ÔWFÔPMBOEJSFO¿MFSMFLVSVMBOEFWSF UBOTJZFMGBSL7,- =7PMUEVS õFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS 12Ô 3Ô 9Ô i1 1Ô KL 4Ô 4Ô 27V V i2 #VOBHÌSF öFLJMEFCFMJSUJMFOBLNMBSO i1 PSBO 2Ô i2 #VOBHÌSF WPMUNFUSFLBÀWPMUVHÌTUFSJS LBÀUS A) 1 # 1 C) 1 % & \" # $ % & 4 3 2 3. 3=ÔMVLEJSFO¿WFCÐZÐLMÐóÐCJMJONFZFO39EJ- 6. ö¿ EJSFODJ ËOFNTJ[ ÐSFUF¿ WF CÐZÐLMÐLMFSJ Ô Ô SFODJWFJ¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBOEFW- Ô WF Ô PMBO EJSFO¿MFSMF LVSVMNVõ EFWSFEF SFEF7WPMUNFUSFTJ7PMUVHËTUFSJZPS 7WPMUNFUSFTJWPMUVHËTUFSJZPS RX R = 5Ô 4Ô V = 15V A 2Ô 12Ô 2Ô 6Ô V V = 24 Volt V #VOBHÌSF \"BNQFSNFUSFTJOJOHÌTUFSEJôJBLN #VOBHÌSF 3XEJSFODJLBÀÔEVS öJEEFUJLBÀBNQFSEJS \" # $ % & \" # $ % & 1. E 2. B 3. C 18 4. B 5. C 6. C
www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" .0%·- 10. SINIF ·SFUFÀMFSJO#BôMBONBT ÷MJöLJMJ,B[BONMBS ¶SFUF¿MFSJOTFSJWFQBSBMFMCBóMBONBHFSFL¿FMFSJOJB¿LMBS ·SFUFÀMFS &MFLUSPOMBSJMFULFOJÀFSJTJOEFTBBUUFZBLMBöLPMBSBL NFUSFZPMBMBDBLLBEBSZBWBöUS *ZBOMö %m/*m &MFLUSPOMBSOIBSFLFUJÑSFUFDJO - LVUCVOEBCBöMBS:BOJ EÑöÑLQPUBOTJZFMEFOZÑLTFLQPUBOTJZFMFEPôSVIBSFLFU 1JMMFSHÐOMÐLZBõBOUN[OWB[HF¿JMNF[JEJS5FMF- FEFSMFS **ZBOMö ***EPôSV GPOMBSEB FMGFOFSMFSJOEF CJMHJTBZBSNBVTMBSOEB UFMFWJ[ZPOLVNBOEBMBSOEB GPUPóSBGNBLJOFMFSJO- $FWBQ:BMO[*** EFWFCJS¿PLDJIB[EBQJMLVMMBOMS1JMMFSJOCJSEFW- SFEF QPUBOTJZFM GBSL PMVõUVSBSBL FMFLUSJLTFM BMBO ·SFUFÀMFSJO4FSJWF%Ñ[#BôMBONBT NFZEBOB HFUJSEJóJOJ WF FMFLUSJLTFM BMBOO LVWWFU FULJTJZMFFMFLUSPOIBSFLFUJOJTBóMBEóOWFCËZMF- DFEFWSFEFOBLNHF¿UJóJOJCJMJZPSV[ %m/*m \"LNZËOÐ \"LNZËOÐ K L ,VMMBOEóN[DJIB[MBSOCB[MBSJ¿JOFMFLUSJLBL- V1 V2 NOOCÐZÐLGBLBULTBTÐSFMJPMNBT FMGFOFSJ ·SFUFÀMFSJOTFSJWFEÑ[CBôMBONBT CB[MBS J¿JO JTF FMFLUSJL BLNOO LпÐL BODBL V[VOTÐSFMJPMNBT UFMFWJ[ZPOLVNBOEBT HF- ¶SFUF¿MFS CJSCJSMFSJOF BZO ZËOEF BLN PMVõUVSB- SFLJS DBLCJ¿JNEFõFLJMEFLJHJCJCBóMBOSTB ,WF-OPL- UBMBSBSBTOEBLJUPQMBNQPUBOTJZFMGBSL \"LNOõJEEFUJWFTÐSFTJÐSFUFDJOGBSLMõFLJMMFSEF CBóMBONBTJMFTBóMBOBCJMJS 75PQMBN =71 +72PMVS Pil (Sembolik gösterim) 4FSJCBóMÐSFUF¿MFSJOQPUBOTJZFMGBSLMBSCJSCJSMFSJ- OF FõJU PMNBTB CJMF IFSCJSJOEFO HF¿FO BLN õJE- Pil (üreteç) EFUJFõJUUJS ÖRNEK 25 #JSEFWSFEFEBIBCÐZÐLQPUBOTJZFMGBSLWFZBEB- IB CÐZÐL BLN FMEF FUNFL J¿JO ÐSFUF¿MFSJO TFSJ ·SFUFÀMFSJOJMFULFOJÀFSJTJOEFIBSFLFUJOJTBôMBEô CBóMPMBSBLLVMMBOMNBTOEBOZBSBSMBOMS FMFLUSPOMBSMBJMHJMJPMBSBL Simülasyonu var! * *õLI[OBZBLOI[MBSMBIBSFLFUFEFSMFS ** )BSFLFUMFSJ ÐSFUFDJO LVUCVOEB CBõMBS m LVU- #VLPOVJMFJMHJMJEFOFZWJEFP- MBS WFZB TJNÐMBTZPOMBSB ZBO- CVOEBTPOMBOS EBLJ 2SLPEJMFVMBõBCJMJSTJOJ[ *** )BSFLFUMFSJ EÐõÐL QPUBOTJZFMEFO ZÐLTFL QPUBOTJ- ZFMFEPóSVEVS JGBEFMFSJOEFOIBOHJMFSJEPôSVEVS 19 25. :BMO[***
10. SINIF .0%·- &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr ÖRNEK 26 ÖRNEK 27 1PUBOTJZFMGBSLMBS7 =7PMUWF7 =7PMUPMBOÐSF- 1PUBOTJZFMGBSLMBS7 =7PMUWF7 =7PMUPMBOÐSF- UF¿MFSWF3=ÔMVLEJSFO¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEF- UF¿MFSWF3=ÔMVLEJSFO¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEF- LJHJCJEJS LJHJCJEJS R = 5Ô R = 5Ô \"LNZÌOÑ \"LNZÌOÑ \"LNZÌOÑ \"LNZÌOÑ V1 = 12 V V2 = 8 V V1 = 12 V V2 = 8 V #VOBHÌSF EJSFOÀUFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJLBÀBNQFS- #VOBHÌSF EJSFOÀUFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJLBÀBNQFS- EJS EJS ·SFUFÀMFSBZOZÌOEFBLNÑSFUFDFLöFLJMEFTFSJCBôMPM- ·SFUFÀMFS[UZÌOEFBLNÑSFUUJôJOEFO EVLMBSOEBOUPQMBNQPUBOTJZFMGBSL 75PQMBN = 12 - 0INZBTBTOEBO 75PQMBN =71 +72 75PQMBN =7PMVS 7=J3j 4 = i.5 75PQMBN =7PMUPMVS i = \"NQFS 0INZBTBTOEBO $FWBQ \"NQFS 7=J3 20 = i.5 j i =\"NQFS ·SFUFÀMFSJO1BSBMFM#BôMBONBT %m/*m $FWBQ\" ·SFUFÀMFSJO4FSJWF5FST#BôMBONBT i1 V1 = V i2 K L I V2 = V %m/*m \"LNZËOÐ \"LNZËOÐ K L V1 V2 ¶SFUF¿MFSJOBZOJõBSFUMJLVUVQMBSOOCJSMFõUJSJMNF- ·SFUFÀMFSJOTFSJWFUFSTCBôMBONBT TJJMFFMEFFEJMFOCBóMBONBõFLMJEJSôFLJMEFLJQB- SBMFMCBóMË[EFõÐSFUF¿MFSJO,WF-OPLUBMBSBSB- ¶SFUF¿MFSJOCJSCJSJOFHËSFUFSTZËOEFBLNÐSFUF- TOEB PMVõUVSEVóV QPUBOTJZFM GBSL ÐSFUF¿MFSEFO DFLõFLJMEFZBEBBZODJOTLVUVQMBSOOCJSCJSJOF CJSJTJOJOQPUBOTJZFMGBSLOBFõJUUJS CBóMBONBTJMFPMVõBOCBóMBONBõFLMJEJS#VEV- SVNEB,WF-OPLUBMBSBSBTOEBLJUPQMBNQPUBO- 0IBMEF ,WF-OPLUBMBSBSBTOEBLJUPQMBNQP- TJZFMGBSL UBOTJZFMGBSL | |75PQMBN = 71m72 PMVS 75PQMBN =71 =72 =7 EJS 5FSTCBóMÐSFUF¿MFSEFBLNZËOÐ QPUBOTJZFMGBS- 1BSBMFM CBóM Ë[EFõ ÐSFUF¿MFSJO IFCJSJOEFO FõJU LCÐZÐLPMBOÐSFUF¿ZËOÐOEFEJS õJEEFUUFBLNHF¿FS i1 = i2 *= i1 + i2 4FSJWFUFSTCBóMÐSFUF¿MFSÐ[FSJOEFOHF¿FOBLN õJEEFUJFõJUUJS 1BSBMFM CBóMBOBDBL ÐSFUF¿MFSJO Ë[EFõ PMNBEó EVSVNEB ÐSFUF¿MFS BSBTOEB QPUBOTJZFM GBSLMBS FõJU PMVODBZB LBEBS ZÐL HF¿JõJ PMVS #V EVSVN ÐSFUF¿MFSJO[BNBOMBUÐLFONFTJOFOFEFOPMVS 26. 4A 20 27 \"NQFS
www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" .0%·- 10. SINIF ÖRNEK 28 ÖRNEK 29 6¿MBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSLMBSFõJUWF7PMUPMBO 1JMMFSJOUÑLFONFTÑSFTJ J¿EJSFO¿MFSJËOFNTJ[,WF-ÐSFUF¿MFSJ3=ÔMVLJMFEJ- * 1JMJOZBQTOEBLVMMBOMBONBM[FNFOJODJOTJ SFO¿LVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS ** 1JMMFSJOJ¿JOEFLJFMFLUSPOMBSOUÐLFONFTJ VK = 12 V *** 1JMJOJ¿JOEFLJLJNZBTBMSFBLTJZPOMBSOEVSNBT iK JGBEFMFSJOEFOIBOHJMFSJJMFBÀLMBOBCJMJS I iL + m * 1JMJOZBQTOEBLVMMBOMBONBM[FNFOJODJOTJLBMJUFTJ VL = 12 V QJMJOÌNSÑOÑCFMJSMFS *EPôSV #VOBHÌSF R=4Ô ** 1JMMFSJÀFSJTJOEFFMFLUSPOEFQPMBONöEÑ[FOFLMFSEF- ôJMEJS &MFLUSPOMBS QJMJO CBôM PMEVôV EFWSFEFLJ JMFU- LFOMFSJÀJOEFCVMVOVS **ZBOMö B 3EJSFODJOEFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJLBÀBNQFSEJS *** 1JMMFS LJNZBTBM FOFSKJZJ FMFLUSJLTFM FOFSKJZF ÀFWJSFO EÑ[FOFLMFSEJS ,JNZBTBM SFBLTJZPO EVSEVôVOEB QJM C ,ÑSFUFDJOEFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJLBÀBNQFSEJS BLNPMVöUVSNB[ ***ZBOMö B ·SFUFÀMFSQBSBMFMCBôMPMEVôVOEBOUPQMBNQPUBOTJ- $FWBQ:BMO[* ZFMGBSLÑSFUFÀMFSEFOCJSUBOFTJOJOQPUBOTJZFMGBSLOBFöJU PMVQWPMUEVS #VEVSVNEBEFWSFOJOFöEFôFSJöFLJMEFLJHJCJEÑöÑOÑMF- CJMJS PINZBTBTOEBO 7 WPMU +m 7=J3j 12 = i.4 i =\"NQFS I $FWBQ\" 3 Õ C 3EJSFODJOEFOHFÀFOBLNOZBST, ZBSTEB-ÑSFUF- .qk(7$k, DJOEFOHFÀFDFôJOEFO,ÑSFUFDJOEFOHFÀFOBLNöJEEFUJ 4FSJCBóMPMBOQJMMFSZÐLTFLBLNPMVõUVSVSWF iK = BNQFSPMVS$FWBQ \" ¿BCVLUÐLFOJS 1JMMFSJO5ÑLFONF4ÑSFTJ 1BSBMFMCBóMË[EFõÐSFUF¿MFSEÐõÐLBLNPMVõ- UVSVSBODBLHF¿UÐLFOJS %m/*m 1JMMFSJOBNQFSTBBUWFZBCFO[FSJCJSCJSJNDJO- #JSQJMJOCBóMPMEVóVEFWSFEFBLNPMVõUVSNBTÐ- TJOEFO ZÐLNJLUBSOCFMJSUFOËNÐSMFSJWBSES SFTJOFQJMJOËNSÐEFOJS ±SOFóJO BNQFS TBBU MJL CJS BLÐOÐO PMVõ- ¶SFUF¿MFS LJNZBTBM FOFSKJZJ FMFLUSJLTFM FOFSKJZF UVSEVóV BLN õJEEFUJOF CBóM UÐLFONF TÐSFMF- EËOÐõUÐSFOEÐ[FOFLMFSEJS SJZBLMBõLPMBSBLBõBóEBLJHJCJPMVS #JS QJMJO PMVõUVSBCJMFDFóJ NBLTJNVN FMFLUSJLTFM \"LNöJEEFUJ 5ÑLFONFTÑSFTJ FOFSKJEFóFSJTBCJUUJS \"NQFS TBBU \"NQFS TBBU #JSQJMJOËNSÐZBEBUÐLFONFTÐSFTJZBQTOPMVõ- 3 Amper TBBU UVSBONBEEFTFMË[FMMJLMFSF CPZVUMBSOBWFÐ[FSJO- EFOHF¿FOBLNõJEEFUJOFCBóMPMBSBLEFóJõJS ¶SFUF¿ WFZB QJMEFO OF LBEBS B[ BLN HF¿JZPSTB WFZB ÐSFUFDJO EFWSFZF TBóMBEó BLN õJEEFUJ OF LBEBSLпÐLJTFUÐLFONFTÐSFTJCÐZÐL BLNõJE- EFUJ OF LBEBS CÐZÐL JTF UÐLFONF TÐSFTJ P LBEBS LTB PMVS ,TBDBT QJMJO ËNSÐ PMVõUVSEVóV BLN JMFUFSTPSBOUMES 28. B \"C \" 21 29. :BMO[*
10. SINIF .0%·- &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr ÖRNEK 30 OBTM CJS EJSFO¿ FULJTJ 3 HËTUFSJZPSTB BZO EVSVN ÐSFUF¿ J¿JOEFLJ LJNZBTBM SFBLTJZPOMB- ±[EFõÐSFUF¿WFË[EFõEJSFO¿MFSMFLVSVMBO* **WF***EFW- SOHFS¿FLMFõNFTJTSBTOEBEBCJSEJSFO¿FULJ- SFMFSJõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS TJPMVõVS#VPMBZÐSFUFDJOJ¿EJSFODJPMBSBLUB- R ONMBOS #V EVSVNVO NPEFMMFONFTJ BõBóEBLJ HJCJ EÐ- õÐOÐMFCJMJS * R emIBSFLFUJ R RR r R V ** *** öZPO \"TJEJL S1JMJOJ¿EJSFODJ IBSFLFUJ TW 3JMFULFOJOEJSFODJ \"ÀL PMBO BOBIUBSMBS LBQBUMEôOEB EJSFOÀMFSEFO BLNHFÀNFTÑSFMFSJBSBTOEBLJJMJöLJOFEJS *EFWSFPINZBTBTOBHÌSFEJSFOÀMFSEFOHFÀFOBLN- ÖRNEK 31 MBSCVMBSBLZPSVNMBZBMN ôFLJMEFLJEFWSFEF4BOBIUBSB¿LLFOQJMJOV¿MBSOBCBó- 2V MPMBO7PMUNFUSFOJOHËTUFSEJóJEFóFS7 BOBIUBSLBQB- UMEóOEBJTF7PMVZPS 7=J37=J3j i = R öMFULFOUFM ·SFUFÀMFSTFSJCBôMPMEVôVOEBOIFSCJSÑSFUFÀUFOHFÀFO 2V dir. BLN R **EFWSF·SFUFÀMFSQBSBMFMCBôMPMEVôVOEBOUPQMBNQP- UBOTJZFM75PQMBN =7EJS V V 7=J3j i = 2R )FSCJSÑSFUFÀUFOHFÀFOBLN V dir. S Pil 2R #VOBHÌSF +m ***EFWSF5PQMBNQPUBOTJZFM75PQMBN =7FöEFôFSEJ- renç R dir. 2 R 4V 7=J3j7= i. ; i = * V > VEJS ** öMFULFOUFMÐ[FSJOEFOFMFLUSPOHF¿JõJPMVS 2R )FSCJSÑSFUFÀUFOHFÀFOBLN i 4V dir. = 3R *** %FWSFEFLJJMFULFOUFMFË[EFõJMFULFOCJSUFMTFSJPMB- ·SFUFÀUFOHFÀFOBLNMBSTSBMBSTBL SBLCBóMBOSTB7 > VPMVS i3 > i1 > i2PMEVôVOEBODFWBQU2 > t1 > t3 dir. ZBSHMBSOEBOIBOHJMFSJEPôSVEVS %m/*m * ·SFUFÀMFSJOEFCJSJÀEJSFODJWBSES·SFUFÀJÀJOEFLJ JZPOIBSFLFUJCBöMBEôOEBQJMJOVÀMBSBSBTOEBLJQP- ¶SFUF¿MFSJO QJMMFSJO ZB EB Hп LBZOBLMBSOO J¿- UBOTJZFMGBSLB[BMS *EPôSV MFSJOEFLJ LJNZBTBM FOFSKJ JMF CJS QPUBOTJZFM GBSL PMVõUVSEVóVOV QPUBOTJZFM GBSLO ZBSBUUó FMFL- ** ÷MFULFOMFSEFIBSFLFUFEFOZÑLMFSF-MBSES **EPôSV USJLTFM BMBOO (E) ZÐL IBSFLFUJOF OFEFO PMEV- óVOV CJMJZPSV[ öMFULFO CJS NBEEFOJO Ð[FSJOEFO *** :FOJCJSJMFULFOJOTFSJCBôMBONBTTBEFDFEFWSFBLN- BLBOZÐLMFSF F– ZBQTBMË[FMMJLMFSJOEFOEPMBZ OEFôJöUJSJS ***ZBOMö $FWBQ*WF** 30. t2 > t1 > t3 22 31. *WF**
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www.aydinyayinlari.com.tr &-&,53÷,7&.\"/:&5÷;.\" .0%·- 10. SINIF ÖRNEK 44 ÖRNEK 46 ±[EFõÐSFUF¿WFË[EFõ, -WF.MBNCBMBSJMFLVSVMBO ±[EFõ, - . /WF1MBNCBMBSWFJ¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ EFWSFMFSõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS KL K I 3i M 3i M II i L iN 2i 2i 5i P V III #VOB HÌSF EFWSFEF FO QBSMBL ZBOBO MBNCB IBOHJ- #VOB HÌSF , - WF . MBNCBMBSOO QBSMBLMLMBS 1K P-WF1.BSBTOEBLJJMJöLJOFEJS TJEJS ·SFUFÀMFSJOVÀMBSBSBTOEBLJQPUBOTJZFMGBSLB7EFSTFL P = i23ZFHÌSFCJSMBNCBOOÑ[FSJOEFOHFÀFOBLNOFLB- EFWSFMFSEFLJUPQMBNQPUBOTJZFMGBSLMBS* EFWSFEF7 EBS CÑZÑLTF MBNCBOO QBSMBLMô P LBEBS GB[MB PMVS -BN- CBMBSÌ[EFöPMEVôVOBHÌSF .WF/EFOHFÀFOBLNMBSFöJU **EFWSFEF7 ***EFWSFEF7PMVS PMVS #V BLNMBSB J LBEBS EFSTFL - EFO HFÀFO BLN J , EFOHFÀFOBLNJLBEBSPMVS1MBNCBTBOBLPMÑ[FSJOEF PMEVôVOEBO1EFOHFÀFOBLNJLBEBS1EFOHFÀFOBLN FOCÑZÑLPMEVôVOEBOQBSMBLMôEBFOGB[MBPMVS $FWBQ1 #VEVSVNEB7K =7 7- =7 7. =7PMEVôVOEBO 2 V P= dir. R $FWBQ1K = P > P dir. . - ÖRNEK 47 ÖRNEK 45 ±[EFõMBNCBMBSWFJ¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBO EFWSFEF9 :WF;BOBIUBSMBSB¿LUS ±[EFõ, -WF.MBNCBMBSWFJ¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿ 1Y JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS 2 I Z 2L K I X I M 2 KX 3 I V V #VOBHÌSF ZBMO[,MBNCBTOOZBONBTJÀJO9 :WF ; BOBIUBSMBSOEBO IBOHJMFSJOJO LBQBUMNBT HFSFLMJ #VOBHÌSF MBNCBMBSOQBSMBLMLMBS1K 1-WF1. ara- WFZFUFSMJEJS TOEBLJJMJöLJOFEJS :BMO[;BOBIUBSLBQBUMSTBWFOPMVMBNCBMBSLTB ·SFUFÀÑ[FSJOEFOHFÀFOBOBLPMBLNOB*EFSTFLCVBLN EFWSFPMVS :BOBIUBSEBBÀLLBMSTBOPMVMBNCBEBZBO- BZO[BNBOEB,MBNCBTÑ[FSJOEFOEFHFÀFS-WF.MBN- NB[ CBMBS Ì[EFö PMEVôVOEBO BOBLPM BLN 9 OPLUBTOEB FöJU $FWBQ:BMO[; I JLJLPMBBZSMBSBL-WF.MBNCBMBSOEBOHFÀFOBLNMBS PMVS²[EFöMBNCBMBSEBQBSMBLML1= i23ZFHÌSFBLNöJ2E- EFUJJMFEPôSVPSBOUMPMEVôVOEBO$FWBQPK > P- = P. 44. PK = P > P 45. PK > P = P 29 46. P 47. :BMO[; . - - .
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&-&,53÷,4&-&/&3+÷7&(·¦ TEST - 7 1. I. #BOZPHJCJTMBLWFOFNMJ 3. öOTBO WÐDVEVOVO FMFLUSJL BLNOB LBSõ ÐTU TOS PSUBNMBSEBFMFLUSJLMJDJIB[MBS II. EJLLBUMJLVMMBONBL NJMJBNQFSLBCVMFEJMNFLUFEJS III. ,POUSPMLBMFNJWFZBUPSOB #VOBHÌSF LTNFOOFNMJCJSJOTBOWÑDVEVOVO WJEBMBSZBMULBOLTNMBSOEBO PSUBMBNBEJSFODJÕJTF FMFLUSJLBLNOO[B- UVUBSBLLVMMBONBL SBSM FULJTJOEFO LPSVONBT JÀJO QPUBOTJZFM GBS- LOÑTUTOSLBÀWPMUPMNBMES N\"=-3 A) \" # $ % & 1SJ[MFSFNFUBMDJTJNTPLNBNBL :VLBSEBWFSJMFOÌOMFNMFSEFOIBOHJMFSJFMFLUSJL BLNOBLBSöLPSVONBZÌOUFNJPMBCJMJS \" :BMO[* # *WF*** $ :BMO[*** % **WF*** & * **WF*** 2. I. &MFLUSJLMJDJIB[MBS¿BMõSLFO 4. I. #JSQSJ[EFCJSEFOGB[MBDJIB[ TMBLFMMFEPLVONBNBL ¿BMõUSNBL II. &MFLUSJLMJDJIB[MBSUPQSBLM II. &MFLUSJLUBEJMBUZBQBSLFO ZBMULBOFMEJWFOLVMMBONBL QSJ[MFSEFLVMMBONBL III. &MFLUSJLMJDJIB[MBSLVMMBONB III. #P[VLCJSMBNCBZEVZEBO TËLFSLFOTJHPSUBZLBQBM UBMJNBUOBHËSFLVMMBONBL LPOVNBHFUJSNFL :VLBSEBWFSJMFOÌOMFNMFSEFOIBOHJMFSJFMFLUSJL :VLBSEBLJPMBZMBSEBOIBOHJTJFMFLUSJLBLNOO BLNOBLBSöLPSVONBZÌOUFNJPMBCJMJS [BSBSMFULJMFSJOEFOLPSVONBLJÀJOZBQMNBTHF- SFLFOJöMFNMFSPMBCJMJS \" :BMO[* # :BMO[*** $ **WF*** \" * **WF*** # **WF*** $ :BMO[** % *WF*** & * **WF*** % *WF*** & *WF** 1. E 2. E 31 3. A 4. B
TEST - 8 &-&,53÷,4&-&/&3+÷7&(·¦ 1. #ÐZÐLMÐLMFSJ Ô Ô Ô Ô Ô JMF CÐZÐLMÐóÐ 3. %JSFO¿MFSJ3WF3PMBO9 : ;MBNCBMBSWFJ¿EJ- CJMJONFZFO 9 EJSFODJ WF J¿ EJSFODJ ËOFNTJ[ ÐSFUF¿ SFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJ- JMFLVSVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS CJEJS RR Ô 7PMU XY 2R Ô V Ô Z X V Ô Ô #VOB HÌSF MBNCBMBSO QBSMBLMLMBS IX IY WF I; BSBTOEBLJ CÑZÑLMÑL JMJöLJTJ BöBôEBLJMFSEFO %FWSFEF 7 WPMUNFUSFTJOJO HÌTUFSEJôJ EFôFS IBOHJTJHJCJEJS 7PMUPMEVôVOBHÌSF 9EJSFODJOJOCÑZÑLMÑôÑ kaç ÔEVS A) I9 = IY = IZ # IZ > IY = I9 \" # $ % & C) I9 = IY > IZ D) I9 > IY > IZ E) IZ > IY > I9 2. 3 =Ô 3=Ô 33 =ÔMVLEJSFO¿MFSWFJ¿ 4. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿WFË[EFõMBNCBMBSMBLV- EJSFO¿MFSJËOFNTJ[PMBOÐSFUF¿MFSJMFLVSVMBOEFWSF SVMBOEFWSFEF4BOBIUBSB¿LLFOUÐNMBNCBMBSõL õFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS WFSNFLUFEJS R2 Ô R1 Ô Z R3 Ô X T Y S V V1 = 11 V V2 = 35 V #VOBHÌSF 4BOBIUBSLBQBUMEôOEBIBOHJMBN- CBöLWFSNF[ #VOBHÌSF 32EJSFODJOJOTHÑDÑLBÀXBUUES \" :BMO[; # :BMO[5 $ ;WF5 \" # $ % & % 9WF: & 9 ;WF5 1. A 2. E 32 3. B 4. C
&-&,53÷,4&-&/&3+÷7&(·¦ TEST - 9 1. -BNCB [JMWFJ¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿JMFLVSVMBO 3. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[Ë[EFõÐSFUF¿MFSJOLVMMBOMEóõF- õFLJMEFLJEFWSFEF, - .WF/BOBIUBSMBSB¿LUS LJM-* **WF***EFLJEFWSFMFSEFË[EFõ9 :WF;MBN- CBMBSOOQBSMBLMLMBSTSBTZMB*9 *YWF*ZEJS Lamba ;JM M L KN X Y ôFLJMm* ôFLJMm** V #VOBHÌSF [JMÀBMBSLFOMBNCBOOEBZBOBCJMNF- Z TJJÀJOIBOHJBOBIUBSMBSOLBQBUMNBTHFSFLJS ôFLJMm*** \" -WF. # .WF/ $ ,WF/ #VOBHÌSF IX IYWFI;BSBTOEBLJCÑZÑLMÑLJMJö- LJTJOFEJS % ,WF- & ,WF. A) IZ > I9 > IY # I9 > IY > IZ C) IZ > IY > I9 D) I9 > IZ > IY 2. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[Ë[EFõÐSFUF¿MFSWFË[EFõ, - E) I9 = IY = IZ .MBNCBMBSJMFLVSVMBOEFWSFMFSôFLJM-*WFôFLJM-II EFLJHJCJEJS K LM V V 4. ö¿EJSFODJËOFNTJ[ÐSFUF¿WFË[EFõMBNCBMBSMBLV- ôFLJM* ôFLJM** SVMBOEFWSFõFLJMEFLJHJCJEJS L M S K K L M V V ôFLJM*** , -WF.MBNCBMBSõFLJM-***EFLJHJCJCBôMBOS- #VOBHÌSF BÀLPMBO4BOBIUBSLBQBUMSTB, - TBQBSMBLMLMBSOOJMLEVSVNBHÌSFEFôJöJNJJÀJO WF.MBNCBMBSOOQBSMBLMôOOEFôJöJNJJÀJOOF OFTÌZMFOFCJMJS TÌZMFOFCJMJS K - M K - M A) %FóJõNF[ \"[BMS \"[BMS A) \"[BMS \"[BMS \"[BMS B) Artar \"[BMS \"[BMS B) \"[BMS \"[BMS Artar C) \"[BMS Artar Artar C) Artar Artar Artar D) %FóJõNF[ %FóJõNF[ %FóJõNF[ D) \"[BMS Artar Artar E) %FóJõNF[ Artar Artar E) %FóJõNF[ %FóJõNF[ %FóJõNF[ 1. E 2. % 33 3. % 4. B
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