Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook Created by Lauren Duong

Integumentary Key Terms Function Vocabulary Careers Derm/o, dermat/o: Skin Retains body fluid, protects Tissue: Group of many cells Dermatopathology kerat/o: “horny” tissue against disease, eliminates xer/o: Dry waste products, and performing the same function joint subspecialty of dermatology and pathology or xanth/o: Yellow regulates body surgical pathology that focuses on the study of erythr/o: Red temperature. Nerve cells: senses cutaneous diseases at a microscopic and molecular pedicu/o: Fingernail/toenail level onych/o: Fingernail/toenail Diseases eexnvteirrnonalmcehnatnges in the myc/o: Fungus Cosmetic Dermatology pil/o: Hair Onychia:inflammation of the nail Keratin: type of protein lip/o: fatty; lipid doctor who frequently treats patients for aesthetic rhytid/o: Wrinkle folds used to form tough skin reasons like smoothing wrinkles, correcting skin albin/o: white; deficient pigment tone and texture, and tightening up sagging skin Alopecia: Sudden hair loss Keratinocytes: skin cells Squamous cell carcinoma: that produce keratin Cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal squamous cells. Collagen: protein that Basal cell carcinoma: skin pstrroevnigdtehs firmness and cancer that begins in the basal cells Elastin: protein that provides elasticity Melanin: pigment that gives skin its color Epidermis: outermost alanyderhoaifrskin; contains nails Dermis: middle layer of skin Hypodermis: innermost layer of skin

Musculoskeletal Key Terms Function Vocabulary Careers crani/o: cranium Muscles, attached to bones Flexion: act of bending a Kinesiology my/o: muscle or internal organs and myel/o: spinal cord or bone marrow blood vessels, are jtohientjotihnat’tstbhoenaensgilnecfroeramseesd by The study of muscles and movement and oste/o: bone responsible for movement. addresses physiological, biomechanical, and cost/o: ribs Nearly all movement in the Rotation: act of turning a psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms -pexy: surgical fixation/suspension body is the result of muscle of movement chondr/o: cartilage contraction. join without flexion or arthr/o: joint extension Physical Therapist -plegia: paralysis or stroke Diseases kinesi/o: movement Stationary: does not allow Licensed healthcare professionals who help Polio: A virus that causes patients reduce pain and improve/restore mobility for movement paralysis/ preventable by the polio vaccine. Contraction: shortening of Rheumatoid Arthritis:a muscles; moves bones long-term autoimmune disorder that Ligament: Connective primarily affects joints tissue that holds bone to bone Polymyositis: a disease that Cardiac Muscle: causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body Iins vfooulunndtaOryNLmYuisncltehetishseuaertthat Fibromyalgia:disorder Collagen: elastic fibers Degeneration: process of characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain breaking down over time Voluntary Muscle: Muscle under our conscious control Involuntary Muscle: Muscle not under our conscious control

Nervous Function Vocabulary Careers Key Terms Receives information about Nerve: bundle of axons in Neurosurgeon the environment around us neur/o: nerve; nervous and generating responses to peripheral nervous system Specialize in treatment of the disorders of encephal/o: brain that information. peripheral and central nervous system. myel/o: muscle Axon: extension that connects a ambul/o: walking Diseases Psychologist -esthesia: sensibility dendrite with its axon terminal mening/o: meninges Alzheimer's disease: A person who studies normal and abnormal mental psych/o: mental; mind Neuron: basic cell of the states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social concuss/o: shaken; agitated progressive disorder that causes brain processes cells to waste away nervous system Bell’s Palsy: weakness in muscle Dendrite: part of the neuron on one side of the face receives signals Epilepsy: nerve cell activity in the Receptor Sites: locations on a brain is disturbed, causing seizures. dmeonlderciuteletshaatttancehurtootransmitter Multiple Sclerosis: immune Myelin: protective coating that system eats away at the protective tinrasnuslamteits saixgonnalssto enable them to covering of nerves Brain: control center of the nervous system Cerebrum: portion of brain tthhoatucgohnt/trootlhsemr evmolournyta/ry actions Cerebellum: part of brain that mcounstrcolels/bcoaloarndcineation/ Brain stem: controls vital fsupnincatliocnosrdand connects brain to

Special Senses Key Terms Function Vocabulary Careers irid/o: iris Detects environmental Anosmia: A lack of the Ophthalmologist: doctor that specializes in -cusis: hearing stimuli and transduce their -opia: visual disorder energy into electrical sense of smell eye care ot/o: ear impulses tympan/o: eardrum Vision: The faculty or state Otolaryngologist: a medical doctor who opthalm/o: eye Diseases -metry: act or process of measuring of being able to see diagnoses and treats conditions related to Deafness: the head and neck, such as ear infections Gustation: The act of A partial or total inability to hear tasting a substance Blindness: A general lack of vision Glaucoma: condition in which the Olfaction: Detects normal fluid pressure inside the eyes chemicals - smell slowly rises as a result of the fluid not being able to drain properly Papilla: specialized portions Microphthalmia: One or both of the tongue eyeballs are abnormally small Audition: The ability to hear sound Pupil: A circular opening in ethneteirrsisththeroeuyegh which light Cornea: The most psuoprteirofnicioafl tlheveeelyoef. the visible Sclera: The white, outer layer of the eye. Continuous with the cornea Retina: A layer at the back tohfatthaereeyseenthsiattivceontotaliingshtc. ells

Cardiovascular Key Terms Function Vocabulary Careers cardi/o: heart to maintain blood flow to heart: main organ that Cardiac Surgeon: surgeons that perform angi/o: blood/lymph vessels all parts of the body so hem/o, hemat/o: blood the body will survive. pumps blood operations on the hearts, major blood vessels, veins, brady-: slow and arteries tachy-: fast Diseases atrium: a chamber in the thromb/o: blood clot Cardiac Physiologist: do diagnostic work on -emia: blood Coronary artery disease: heart; receives blood leuk/o: white blood cells people with suspected/known heart problems erythr/o: red/red blood cells Damage or disease in the heart's ventricle: a pumping arteri/o: arteries major blood vessels. chamber Cardiac Arrest: valve: controls flow of blood Sudden/unexpected loss of heart artery: blood vessel that function/breathing/consciousness carries blood away from heart Arrhythmia: Improper beating of vein: blood vessel that heart carries blood to the heart Congenital heart disease: erythrocyte: red blood a problem with the structure of the heart cell leukocyte: white blood cell platelet: stops blood loss Blood clot: collection of platelets/proteins that blocks the opening of a wound

Respiratory Function Vocabulary Careers Key Terms The respiratory system pharynx: space at the back Respiratory Therapist: Diagnose breathing absorbs oxygen and gets bronch/o: bronchus rid of waste gases from of the nose and mouth problems and suggest treatments. cyan/o: blue blood. laryng/o: larynx epiglottis: flap that closes Pulmonologist: diagnoses and treats patients -oxia: oxygen Diseases oxy-: containing oxygen during swallowing with lung problems and diseases pleur/o: rib, side Asthma: Difficulty breathing due pneum/o: breathing, respiration trachea: airway that leads pulmon/o: lungs to inflammation thorac/o: chest to the bronchi trache/o: trachea Chronic Bronchitis: Form of diaphragm: muscle COPD; chronic cough involved in breathing Pneumonia: Disease caused by an infection in the air sacs COVID-19: glottis: vocal cords alveoli: small air sacs where Respiratory illness similar to the flu gas exchange occurs bronchi: airways that lead from trachea into the lungs pleural: cavity where lungs are located Internal respiration: booccduyrstisbseuteween blood and External respiration: occurs between air and lungs

Digestive Function Vocabulary Careers Key Terms Converts food into Teeth: used to tear and Gastroenterologist: Medical specialist energy and nutrients to cholecyst/o: gallbladder fuel the body. crush food broadly concerned with diseases and conditions of enter/o: intestine the digestive system. cinotle/soti;nceo)lon/o: colon (large Diseases Saliva: liquid that aids in hepat/o: liver Transplant Hepatology: Includes care of gastr/o: stomach/abdomen Gallstones: hard deposits that digestion or/o: mouth patients with acute/chronic liver disease and/or -pepsia: digestion form in the gallbladder Amylase: enzyme in transplantation chol/e: bile/gall proct/o: anus/rectum Celiac Disease: Serious sbaolnivdas, breaks down chemical sensitivity to gluten Esophagus: tube which Hemorrhoids: inflammation of the food passes to reach stomach blood vessels at the end of the Peristalsis: muscle digestive tract fcooondtratocttiohnessttohmatamchoves the Ulcerative Colitis: Mechanical Digestion: inflammatory bowel disease; large intestine is affected physical breakdown of food Chemical Digestion: larger molecules are broken into smaller molecules Mucus: fluid that lines the wall of the stomach to prevent acid from eating the tissue Pepsin: Enzyme that emffoicleiecnutlleys breaks down food Chyme: Mix of stomach fluids and food

Urinary Function Vocabulary Careers Key Terms Filters blood and creates Calyx: cup like collecting Nephrologists: Medical specialist who provide urine as a waste cyst/o: bladder by-product. region for the renal pelvis management to patients with kidney disease nephr/o: kidney ren/o: kidney Diseases Renal Cortex: outer Urologists: Provides medical + surgical -cele: hernia/tumor u-ruirniea: denotes a substance in the Nephrosis: noninflammatory region of the kidney management for disorders of the urinary tract -pexy: fixation (usually surgical) -ectasis: dilation/expansion diseases of kidneys Creatinine: nitrogenous pyel/o: pelvis Nephrolith: kidney stone waste excreted in urine Nocturia: frequent urination Ureter: tube that carries during the night urine from kidney to bladder Enuresis: involuntary release of Urethra: tube that carries urine (bedwetting) urine from bladder to outside Kidneys: excretory organs Nephron: functional unit in the kidney Polyuria: excessive urination Renal Medulla: inner part of kidney Anuria: No urine production

Reproductive Function Vocabulary Careers Key Terms The system that Ovum: The egg Obstetrician: a doctor that specializes in produces egg and sperm Ovary: female reproductive cervic/o: neck cells, supports and childbirth, pregnancy, and the female reproductive sustain those cells, and to gland that matures “eggs” system salping/o: Fallopian nurture the developing tube/Eustachian tube offspring. Fallopian Tube: carries Urologists: Diagnose and treats conditions of the ov/o: egg orchid/o: testicle Diseases mature eggs to uterus male reproductive system oophor/o: ovary men/o: menstruation HvirIuVs /AIDS: immunodeficiency Ureter: tube that carries mamm/o: breast Cervical Cancer: tumor of the rgeypnreocd/uoc:tifoenmale/female urine from kidney to bladder colp/o: vagina cervix prostat/o: prostate gland Urethra: tube that carries Uterine Fibroids: noncancerous urine from bladder to outside tumor Uterus: the womb Endometriosis: tissue that Prostate gland: gland usually lines the uterus grows that surrounds the urethra elsewhere Polyuria: excessive urination Testes: male reproductive glands Scrotum: external sac of skin that contains the testicles