Tank Transport Trader August 2023

In order to continue receiving Tank Transport Trader, please check a box in the boxes below and mail, fax or email this form to: TANK TRABSPORT TRADER 101 W. BLUFF ST. FORT WORTH, TX 76102-1810 FAX: 817-348-0289 / EMAIL: [email protected] TANK TRABSPORT TRADER 101 W. Bluff St. Fort Worth, TX 76102-1810 PRST STD U.S. POSTAGE PAID Dallas, TX PERMIT No. 2874 FREE SUBSCRIPTION UPDATE FORM Yes! Continue sending me Tank Transport Trader No. Discontinue sending Tank Transport Trader Deal creates ‘clean truck’ initiative The Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association and key truck and engine makers have made a deal with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) on the development of zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) for commercial trucking. The agreement creating the Clean Truck Partnership includes flexibility for manufacturers to meet emissions requirements while still reaching the state’s climate and emission reduction goals, according to an announcement from CARB. The agreement is a “commitment from the companies to meet California’s vehicle standards that will require the sale and adoption of zero-emissions technology in the state, regardless of whether any other entity challenges California’s authority to set more stringent emissions standards under the (Ethanol experts continued on page 14) Ethanol exports fell in May The U.S. exported 113.19 million gallons of ethanol and 958,386 metric tons of distillers grains in May, according to data released by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service on July 6. Ethanol exports were down, while distillers grains exports were up. The 133.19 million gallons of ethanol exported in May was down when compared to both the 125.68 million gallons exported the previous month and the 138.85 million liters exported in May 2022. The U.S. exported ethanol to about 40 countries in May. Canada was the top destination for U.S. ethanol exports at 50.98 million gallons, followed by the Netherlands at 21.27 million gallons, and the U.K. at 9.67 million gallons. The value of U.S. ethanol exports fell to $319.41 million in May, down from (Deal continued on page 14) (Fleets remain continued on page 14) Fleets remain dependent on fossil fuels The nation’s trucking fleets remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels, according to data compiled by a leading diesel trade group. According to the group’s recent analysis, 99.9 percent of the nation’s fleets still rely on diesel, gasoline, natural gas, and propane power. There is some movement, however. The number of new near-zero-emissions diesel trucks on the road increased 10.2 percent between 2021 and 2022, according to the Diesel Technology Forum (DTF). These are trucks using advanced diesel technology manufactured in the 2010 and later model years. According to DTF’s analysis of S&P Global Mobility TIPNet Vehicles in Operation Data as of December 2022, diesel dominates the trucking sector, and the population of near-zero-emissions diesel technology trucks is growing: The National Newspaper of the Liquid and Dry Bulk Transportation Industry Since 1986 COMING SEPTEMBER 2023 SEP FOCUS ON MANUFACTURERS, VENDORS AND MAINTENANCE FACILITIES Manufacturers, Vendors and Maintenance Facilities showcase their companies and the products and services they offer. www.linkedin.com/in/garyhightower www.twitter.com/tanktransporter www.facebook.com/transporttrader ADVERTISING DEADLINE: AUGUST 21ST www.TankTransport.com [email protected] 1-800-537-1320 Fax: 817-348-0289 AUGUST 2023 2023 PRODUCT SERVICE DIRECTORY AND BUYERS GUIDE NOW AVAILABLE ONLINE. online.pubhtml5.com/cgnb/wgqq/#p=1 INCLUDES TANK TRUCK MAINTENANCE FACILITIES TANK CLEANING FACILITIES • TANK TRUCK BUYERS GUIDE • WASTE PUMPER VENDORS EPA’s ethanol ruling draws fire The Biden administration recently increased the amount of biofuels that must be blended into the nation’s fuel supplies over the next three years, but held production totals steady for corn-based ethanol, disappointing the biofuel industry and farm advocates. A plan finalized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets biofuel blending volumes at 20.94 billion gallons in 2023, 21.54 billion gallons in 2024 and 22.33 billion gallons in 2025. The totals under the federal Renewable Fuel Standard are higher than levels set for 2022 and earlier years, but include just 15 billion gallons of corn-based ethanol in all three years. Most gasoline sold in the U.S. contains 10 percent ethanol, and the fuel is a key part of the economy in Iowa, Nebraska and other Midwest states. EPA Administrator Michael Regan said the final rule would reduce reliance on foreign sources of oil by up to 140,000 barrels per day and support continued growth of biofuels that produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions than traditional gasoline or diesel. Ethanol and other renewable fuels “play a critical role in diversifying our country’s energy mix and combatting climate change, all while providing good paying jobs and economic benefits to communities across the country,” Regan said in a statement. “Today’s final rule reflects our efforts to ensure (Ethanol continued on page 9) In order to continue receiving Tank Transport Trader, please check a box in the boxes below and mail, fax or email this form to: TANK TRABSPORT TRADER 101 W. BLUFF ST. FORT WORTH, TX 76102-1810 FAX: 817-348-0289 / EMAIL: [email protected] TANK TRABSPORT TRADER 101 W. Bluff St. Fort Worth, TX 76102-1810 PRST STD U.S. POSTAGE PAID Dallas, TX PERMIT No. 2874 FREE SUBSCRIPTION UPDATE FORM Yes! Continue sending me Tank Transport Trader No. Discontinue sending Tank Transport Trader

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The National Newspaper of the Liquid and Dry Bulk Transportation Industry Since 1986 Gary N. Hightower Publisher Of: 800-537-1320 Cell: 817-845-6301 [email protected] Jack Flanders Executive Editor Cell: 817-476-6137 [email protected] Neal R. Hightower Publisher-TankTransport.com CTO-Content Management Internet Marketing Cell: 817-945-1305 [email protected] TANK TRANSPORT TRADER A GNH Enterprises, Inc. company 1011 W. Bluff St. Fort Worth, Texas 76102 800-537-1320 817-338-0822 Fax: 817-348-0289 [email protected] www.tanktransport.com Concentrating on industry leaders in the liquid and dry bulk industry, no other publication offers a more direct route to that audience than Tank Transport Trader. We reach additional industries that are not primarily carriers but do buy and use tank related products such as the construction, farming, oilfield, mining, chemical, and environmental industries. We also offer an annual Product/Service Directory and Buyer’s Guide publication as well as product advertising on our web site at www.etrucking.com. Qualified persons can apply for a free subscription by filling out a subscription form located in this issue or via our web site at http://www.transport.com/subscribe.aspx. Disclaimer: Tank Transport Trader cannot assure the quality, benefits or terms of the goods and services which are advertised in the publication. Therefore, Tank Transport Trader, GNH Enterprises Inc., the publisher, and each of their agents, employees and personnel (together referred to as “TTT”) disclaim all responsibility for the content of any advertising herein, and all representations or warranties mad in such advertising are those of the advertisers only. TTT is not liable to any advertisers herein for misprints in advertising or for failure to place advertising herein in a timely fashion, except that in any of such events, the limit f liability shall be the amount of the publication charge for such advertising. TTT expressly disclaims all warranties concerning the accuracy and/or timeliness of any advertising herein and neither assumes nor authorizes any other person to assume for it any liability in connection with such advertising or failure to place appropriate advertising, except as herein stated. Under no circumstances will TTT be responsible for incidental or consequential damages arising from failure to publish timely, failure to publish at all, inconvenience, loss, loss of use or other damages, its liability being limited, as above stated, to the publication charge for such advertising, TTT reserves the right to refuse to print or publish in any form material that it deems inappropriate for any reason, No representative or employee of TTT may enter into a contract or agreement contrary to this disclaimer. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or part, graphically or electronically, of any part of this publication without the written permission of the publisher is prohibited. Tank Transport Trader is a dba of GNH Enterprises, Inc. Supertanker Recognized as an industry best. ©2022 Dixon Valve & Coupling Company, LLC. All rights reserved. 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The final figures represent a decline from a proposal announced last year and drew immediate criticism from the biofuels industry. “EPA’s decision to lower its ambitions for conventional biofuels runs counter to the direction set by Congress and will needlessly slow progress toward this administration’s climate goals,’’ said Emily Skor, chief executive of Growth Energy, an ethanol industry group. “The bio-ethanol industry has more than adequate supply to meet’’ an expected increase in demand. Michael McAdams, president of the Advanced Biofuels Association, called the EPA plan “a missed opportunity to invest in and expand the adoption of low-carbon advanced biofuels” such as algae, switchgrass, cellulosic ethanol or landfill waste. “By choosing not to reflect the available and growing supply of advanced biofuels in this three-year rule, the EPA is overlooking a chance to reduce 7 trillion pounds of CO2 from our atmosphere,’’ McAdams said, referring to planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions.’’’ Environmental groups also were disappointed, saying the EPA’s continued push for ethanol and other biofuels push will hamper U.S. climate efforts rather than bolster them. “Our future will not be propelled by corn – though you might think otherwise based on the Renewable Fuel Standard set by the EPA,’’ said Dan Lashof, U.S. director of the World Resources Institute, a global nonprofit. Biofuels were long thought to be a climate solution, Lashof said, “but today we know that converting crops to fuel is a disaster for the planet. It increases emissions, raises food prices and is a terrible use of prime farmland.’’ About 40 percent of corn produced in the U.S. is used to make ethanol, a figure Lashof called “an incredible waste.’’ The federal government “should be supporting farmers to adopt climate-smart agriculture practices that produce food, store carbon and conserve biodiversity – not incentivize them to use their land to produce fuels that make the climate crisis worse,’’ he said. (Ethanol continued from page 1) www.TankTransport.com AUGUST 2023 I TANK TRANSPORT TRADER 9

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• They make up 57 percent of all commercial diesel trucks (Class 3-8) on the roads today. These trucks are equipped with particulate filters and selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR) that achieve near- zero levels of emissions. That’s a 10.2-percent increase in one year (2022 versus 2021). • 65.7 percent of all commercial diesel trucks (Class 3-8) on the road are 2007 and newer and are equipped with particulate filters so they achieve near-zero emissions for particulates. “I’ve had a great opportunity to watch diesel’s trajectory from the late 80s to where we are today,” said Allen Schaeffer, DTF executive director “It’s been fantastic watching the technology evolve. We’re all reaping the benefits of cleaner air.” Schaeffer pointed out that there nearly 7 million new-technology diesel trucks are on the roads, delivering goods and services with near-zero emissions. Nationwide, for every electric commercial truck on the road, there are nearly 1,100 powered by internal combustion engines, he added. As the trucking industry explores new fuels, including all-electric and fuel cell technology, it is clear that diesel and other internal combustion engines are going to continue to play a dominant role for years to come,” Schaeffer said in a release. (Deal continued from page 1) (Fleets remain continued from page 1) federal Clean Air Act,” CARB said in a news release. “In turn, CARB has agreed to work collaboratively with manufacturers to provide reasonable lead time to meet CARB’s requirements and before imposing new regulations and to support the development of necessary ZEV infrastructure,” The Clean Truck Partnership includes: • CARB • Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association • Cummins • Daimler Truck North America • Ford • General Motors • Hino Motors • Isuzu Technical Center of America • Navistar • Paccar • Stellantis • Volvo Group North America The Terms of the Clean Truck Partnership Include: • CARB will align with EPA’s 2027 regulations for nitrogen oxide emissions. CARB also will modify elements of the 2024 Nox emission regulations for which manufacturers will provide offsets as necessary to maintain California’s emission targets. • CARB commits to providing no less than four years lead time and at least three years of regulatory stability before imposing new requirements. • Truck manufacturers commit to meeting CARB’s zero-emission and criteria pollutant regulations in the state regardless of any attempts by other entities to challenge California’s authority. The Clean Truck Partnership comes as California prepares for implementation of its landmark rules that put in place a phased-in transition toward 100-percent sale and use of zero-emissions technology for medium and heavy duty vehicles under CARB’s Advanced Clean Trucks and Advanced Clean Fleets rule by 2045. $332.02 million in April and $394.6 million in May of last year. Total ethanol exports for the first five months of 2023 reached 592.99 million gallons at a value of $1.61 billion, compared to 696.75 million gallons exported during the same period of last year at a value of $1.87 billion. The 958,385 metric tons of distillers grains exported in May is up from both the 777,617 metric tons exported in April and the 957,087 metric tons exported in May of last year. The U.S. exported distillers grains to nearly three dozen countries in May. Mexico was the top destination for U.S. distillers grains export at 163,731 metric tons, followed by Turkey at 146,559 metric tons and South Korea at 103,925 metric tons. The value of U.S. distillers grain exports reached $319.11 million in May, up from both $259.69 million the previous month and $310.02 million during the same month of last year. Total distillers grains exports for the first five months of the year reached 4.17 million metric tons at a value of $1.38 billion, compared to 4.64 million metric tons exported during the same period of 2022 at a value of $1.37 billion. (Ethanol experts continued from page 1) Driver pay still climbing Driver wages grew 15.5 percent year over year in 2022 up to $0.724 per mile, reflecting the “ongoing industry effort to attract and retain drivers,” according to a recent report from the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI). The increase marks the fastest annual growth ever observed by the industry group, which first reported annual trucking costs in 2008. ATRI’s report noted that the increase in wages came despite a softening freight market in recent months. Among the changes in overall compensation, starting and retention bonuses both increased by more than 20 percent in 2022 compared to 2021, even when taking into account inflation. Wages have been on an upward trajectory in recent months, but that could moderate as inflation has slowed during the first half of 2023, according to ATRI. For the trucking industry, average hourly wages rose from $26.69 per hour in the first quarter of 2022 to $28.69 per hour in this year’s first quarter, and preliminary data for April showed that rising to $29.22 per hour, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data. One industry player observing the trend in moderating wage increases is Werner Enterprises, which executives discussed on a May earnings call. The carrier increased driver pay per mile by 6 percent in the first quarter, while in the fourth quarter of 2021 it spiked 22 percent amid the pandemic. “We think most of that pay pressure is behind us, especially with the macro backdrop of what is more likely to be a tougher labor market for employment itself,” Werner chief executive Derek Leathers said. Research predicts DEF growth The global Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) market size was $34 billion last year and is expected to register a steady compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9 percent over the next five years, according to latest analysis by Emergen Research. The market for DEF, which is expanding quickly, is crucial for lowering the emissions of dangerous pollutants from diesel-powered automobiles. Diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems use DEF, a mixture of high-purity synthetic urea and de-ionized water, to cut back on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. The market is fueled by a number of factors, including the expanding use of SCR technology in diesel engines, strict government pollution restrictions, and rising commercial vehicle demand. The growing use of SCR technology in diesel engines is one of the main factors driving the DEF industry. SCR technology has gained popularity as it offers a practical and affordable way to cut NOx emissions. Moreover, the introduction of SCR technology in diesel engines has been accelerated by the growing focus on decreasing emissions from the transportation sector. Government limits on emissions that are strict are another element fueling the expansion of the DEF business. To address air pollution, a number of nations have put severe controls on diesel engine emissions in place. For instance, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has put into effect Tier 4 Final laws that mandate all brand-new diesel engines adhere to severe emission criteria. Similar to this, the Euro 6 standards that have been put into effect by the European Union set rigorous emission limitations for all new diesel engines. Despite these growth-promoting factors, the DEF industry still confronts a number of obstacles, including cost and availability of raw materials as well as low end-user awareness. Urea, which is a price- sensitive raw material, is the main ingredient in the manufacturing of DEF. Additionally, there is a shortage of high-quality urea, which has an impact on the creation of DEF. Despite these obstacles, the DEF industry is anticipated to grow significantly. The rising demand for commercial cars is one of the main reasons. The demand for commercial vehicles, which are often powered by diesel engines, has increased as a result of the growth of e-commerce and logistics. In the upcoming years, this is anticipated to fuel the demand for DEF. The growing emphasis on environmentally friendly transportation is another growth element. Globally, governments and regulatory agencies are promoting the use of sustainable transportation systems, which has increased the use of DEF and SCR technology. 14 TANK TRANSPORT TRADER I AUGUST 2023 www.TankTransport.com

T.I.M. Reader ® Super T.I.M. ® GroundBolt Intellicheck 3 ® CONNECT ® Plus Vehicle Identiication Static Ground Veriication Overill Prevention Built For The Long Haul © 2023 Scully Signal Company Additionally, a number of businesses are investing in environmentally friendly transportation options, which is anticipated to fuel the expansion of the DEF market. Diesel Exhaust Fluid Market Segmentation: The global DEF market consists of several components, including SCR catalysts, DEF tanks, DEF injectors, DEF supply modules, and NOx sensors. Among these components, the SCR catalyst segment is expected to hold the largest market share in terms of revenue between 2019 and 2032. The increasing adoption of SCR technology in diesel engines is driving the demand for SCR catalysts, which are used to reduce NOx emissions. In terms of vehicle type, the DEF market is segmented into passenger cars, light commercial vehicles (LCV), and heavy commercial vehicles (HCV). Among these segments, the heavy commercial vehicle segment is expected to hold the largest market share in terms of revenue between 2019 and 2032. The rise in e-commerce and logistics has led to an increase in demand for heavy commercial vehicles, which are primarily powered by diesel engines. The DEF market is also segmented based on supply mode, including cans, intermediate bulk containers (IBC), bulks, and pumps. Among these supply modes, the bulks segment is expected to hold the largest market share in terms of revenue between 2019 and 2032. The bulk supply mode is cost-effective and efficient, which has led to its increasing adoption in the DEF market, according to studies. Freight market still soft, experts say While shippers may be enjoying competitive pricing and an abundance of carrier options right now, experts warn they shouldn’t expect that environment to last long. Experts during the recent “Supply Chain Outlook: Trends and Risks to Watch in 2023” virtual event said the current soft freight market fueled by a weakened economy has led to an exodus of carriers, mostly small companies, who entered when demand was red-hot during the pandemic and now can’t afford to operate. “Overall, the markets are relatively soft and there is capacity,” Chris Caplice, chief scientist with DAT Freight and Analytics, said during the panel. While the situation isn’t long-term, he added that for shippers for now have the upper hand, and the market eventually will hit a point where capacity and demand are in balance. While shippers have the advantage, they continue to seek ways to cut supply chain costs so they’re prepared when carrier market conditions normalize, said Sri Laxmana, vice president of Americas with brokerage C.H. Robinson. “We’re trying and responding to customers to find ways to reduce waste and optimize savings and services across what I consider an increasingly complex global supply chain,” Laxmana said. Experts said pinpointing when demand will return is the question both shippers and carriers want answered. Noel Hacegaba, deputy executive director of the Port of Long Beach, said inventory levels remain high at warehouses near the West Coast port, while traditional holiday peak activity that would normally be starting now hasn’t materialized. “What we considered traditional peak and traditional holiday surges, we’re not seeing that,” Hacegaba said. However, shipping activity could increase thanks to the tentative labor deal reached between the International Longshore and Warehouse Union and the Pacific Maritime Association in June. With fears over labor concerns likely addressed, Hacegaba is confident terminal activity will again be operating at 100 percent, though that too will take time because of weak economic conditions. “We may see that peak in the months ahead; we may see that blip,” Hacegaba said. “I think the second half of the year might be a little healthier than the first half but not by much.” Groendyke awards $1,500 scholarship Groendyke Transport awarded its Jonathan Luevano Memorial Scholarship to Piper Sorter, daughter of driver Ricky Sorter of Liberal, Kan. Piper Sorter said she will apply the $1,500 award toward her fall tuition at Oklahoma State University, where she will major in pre-veterinary medicine. “This scholarship means the world to me,” Sorter said. “Though both my parents work extremely hard to run this family, I would like to take the financial burden off of my amazing parents when it comes to school. With this scholarship I am one step closer to achieving my future career goals.” The scholarship, which was first awarded in 2016, is given each year to a dependent or grandchild of a Groendyke employee to help pay for education. It honors the memory of Jonathan Luevano, a young driver at Groendyke’s Fort Worth, Texas, terminal who was shot and killed on May 7, 2015 while delivering fuel to a local convenience store. To keep Jonathan’s memory and giving spirit alive, the tank trucking company started the scholarship for children and grandchildren of its employees. “Piper is a deserving recipient of this scholarship, and we are honored to help her achieve her academic goals,” said Groendyke Transport president Greg Hodgen. “It’s important to us as a company to keep Jonathan’s spirit alive.” Further information may be obtained by contacting Matt Palmer at [email protected] or 580-213-9282 Diesel sector signals slowdown Signs of an economic slowdown are flashing in the global diesel market. In China, the number of trucks running on highways is noticeably down in recent weeks. In Europe, diesel’s premium to crude futures recently plunged to the lowest level in more than a year. In the US, demand is on track to contract 2 percent this year, S&P Global Inc. said. Excluding 2020, when much of the economy briefly came to a standstill, that 2-percent slump would “WE MAY SEE THAT PEAK IN THE MONTHS AHEAD; WE MAY SEE THAT BLIP. I THINK THE SECOND HALF OF THE YEAR MIGHT BE A LITTLE HEALTHIER THAN THE FIRST HALF BUT NOT BY MUCH.” NOEL HACEGABA, DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE PORT OF LONG BEACH Piper Sorter (Diesel sector continued on page 15) www.TankTransport.com AUGUST 2023 I TANK TRANSPORT TRADER 15

SUPERIOR TANK INC. OVER 100 TANKS IN STOCK P.O. Box 500 | Beach City, OH 44608 1-800-TANKERS (1-800-826-5377) | 330-756-2030 [email protected] | en español | superiortankinc.com BUCKEYE TANK 3618 Milburry, OH 43447 | 419-837-9800 Tim Kovalaske SUPERIOR TANK New Point, IN | 812-222-2301 Lary Herger 2012 Brenner DOT 407 Trailer 5200 gallon, unit 6170. New Polar Sanitary Transports 6250 gallon. New Polar DOT 407 Trailers 7000 gallon. New 7000 gallon DOT 407, spring ride suspension, aluminum wheels. New Polar 6250 Sanitary Transports 6250 gallon, air ride. New Polar Dry Bulk Trailers 1040 cu ft, aluminum. New Polar Fertilizer Trailers 5600 gallon, air ride aluminum wheels. New Etnyre Asphalt Trailers 7500 gallon aluminum. New Tremcar 8200 gallon food grade transport, air ride alum wheels. Milk haulers set fall conference International Milk Haulers Association (IMHA) will hold its fall meeting Sept. 23 to Sept. 29 at the Soaring Eagle Casino and Resort in in Mount Pleasant, Mich. Registration and sponsorship information can be obtained by contacting Cherie Hime at either [email protected] or by calling 608-354-7110. The conference will include two- day sessions of facilitated discussions focusing on core skills needed for rising leaders in today’s dairy transportation industry, according to conference organizers. “The program will provide opportunities for self-reflection, practical application and a forum for sharing experiences and feedback to foster learning while advancing oneself as a leader. Our goal will be to increase understanding of what skills are necessary to effectively influence/ change/enhance the way in which work is performed throughout the dairy industry whilst engaging participants in activities that encourages them to adapt how they approach their role as a strategic leader,’’ IMHA officials said in a release. The conference will feature interactive leadership workshops, sessions on people strategies, “inspiring business story examples,’’ a manufacturer panel, tour of a dairy transportation terminal with truck displays, and many networking opportunities with top industry leaders and peers, according to IMHA. FedEx closing 29 centers On Aug. 13, FedEx Freight’s service center footprint in Arkansas will shrink significantly. Out of the 29 company locations slated to close that day, seven are in Arkansas, according to a list of closures obtained by Transport Dive. That will leave six service centers in the state. Twelve other closures are in states neighboring Arkansas. Many of the service centers FedEx is shuttering are territories once covered by Arkansas-based American Freightways, said Kevin Day, president of less-than-truckload (LTL) at AFS Logistics. FedEx acquired American Freightways before making the company part of its newly formed Freight unit in 2001. “I think Arkansas was legacy American Freightways terminal density that’s no longer needed,” Day said. 16 TANK TRANSPORT TRADER I AUGUST 2023 www.TankTransport.com

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We are “assuming one of the worst economic climates in recent memory outside of the 2008-2009 financial crisis and the pandemic,” said Debnil Chowdhury, S&P’s head of Americas fuels and refining. No matter how you crunch it, demand for the heavy-machinery fuel that powers everything from commercial trucking fleets to construction equipment is weakening in many of the world’s largest economies. Viewed as an early signal of weaker industrial activity and reduced consumer spending, the pullback has recession-watchers on high alert. “Diesel demand can act as a leading indicator for broader growth as an early sign that spending by households is waning,” said Ben Ayers, a senior economist in the U.S. with Nationwide Economics. “An expected drop in diesel demand fits with building recession risks across the economy.” Once the world’s hottest fuel after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine disrupted trade flows, diesel prices have been coming down amid concerns many of the world’s biggest economies have bumpy roads ahead. Economists say there’s a 65-percent chance of a U.S. recession and a 49-percent chance of a European one within the next year. In China, the risk is lower but the country’s recovery from its formerly harsh Covid-19 restrictions will still require a marked improvement in consumer confidence, and fast. Much of the pullback in diesel demand can be tied to trucking, which consumes about 60 percent of diesel in China and more than 70 percent in the US. The number of trucks running on Chinese highways fell 8 percent in the week ended April 9, according to data tracked by China’s Ministry of Transport. Commercial diesel stockpiles nationwide excluding state refineries ballooned to an eight- month high in early April, according to OilChem data. The demand drop comes after China’s manufacturing activity eased unexpectedly in March, according to a private survey, leading a slide in factory gauges across Asia. Emerging markets in the region including Indonesia -- where the government has started cutting subsidies for fuel -- are also seeing demand weaken as growth slows, said Daphne Ho, senior analyst at Wood Mackenzie. Similar trends are playing out in other parts of the world. “European demand has been soft through winter on muted heating demand, and macro headwinds are clouding the demand outlook,” said Koen Wessels, senior oil products analyst at Energy Aspects Ltd. In the US, trucking -- and therefore, diesel -- consumption has been hit by a decline in factory output, home construction and retailers working off high inventories, said Bob Costello, chief economist at industry group American Trucking Associations. By one measure from supply chain intelligence firm FreightWaves, March trucking volume hit the lowest seasonal levels in five years. At the root of the U.S. trucking slowdown is a shift in consumer spending patterns: The steady stream of internet orders to fend off pandemic boredom has given way to vacations and experiences. As inflation squeezes household budgets, the first things people stop buying are what’s known in the trucking industry as “high-volume shippers,” or cheap consumer packaged goods like sodas. “Any time we see consumers stretched because of inflation, that impacts the cheaper goods that tend to move in large volumes,” said Craig Fuller, chief executive of FreightWaves. Individual decisions like skipping soda add up to a macro impact that reduces the overall volume of goods that move through the economy. The drop in U.S. diesel demand will be especially pronounced on the West Coast, where massive tech-sector layoffs and an unfolding banking crisis have put the region under financial stress. There, diesel demand will slump 5 percent this year, more than twice the national average, said S&P’s Chowdhury. U.S. container imports, a bellwether of diesel use from the trucks and trains that move them around the country, are also under pressure. In Los Angeles, inbound shipments are at their lowest level since March 2020. In China, which is shipping out many of those cargoes in the first place, throughput of containers at key ports fell 5 percent in the week ended April 9, according to data tracked by China’s Ministry of Transport. (Diesel sector continued from page 15) FedEx announced the closures in May, along with another round of temporary furloughs, but it didn’t disclose which locations it would shutter. Operations at affected locations will be consolidated into other facilities in the FedEx Freight network. The decision came amid a decline in volumes at FedEx Freight that other LTL providers have also been weathering. FedEx said in a statement that the consolidations will help improve customer service levels while lowering its cost to serve. “FedEx continuously reviews its network to ensure we have the right design to address changing market dynamics,” the company said. Although FedEx said service levels will improve, Day noted Freight customers in affected areas should keep an eye on any changes in pickup and delivery times after the closures. He mentioned the closing of Freight’s Roseburg, Ore., facility as an example. If customers in the Roseburg area become covered by the company’s Medford, Ore., facility about 90 miles away, that could lead to later deliveries. “To achieve first-thing-in-the- morning delivery in these closed areas will become challenging,” he said. FedEx Freight will still have a sizable service center footprint even after the closures. It currently has roughly 400 service centers in its network, according to FedEx’s website. Additionally, the facilities it is closing don’t include any significant intermediate stops for the typical LTL shipment lifecycle, Day said. Still, Day said the only carrier “that may come close” to the scope of FedEx Freight’s closures is Yellow Corp. Yellow in the midst of a network transformation that includes plans to sell 29 terminals that overlap with other locations’ service territories. Trimming operating costs has been a top priority at FedEx over the past year. The logistics giant announced its ambitious “Network 2.0” plan involving its freight, express and ground units in June 2022, which includes shrinking its number of stations and cutting empty miles. FedEx is also combining express and ground into one unified company to help facilitate the overhaul, although freight will remain a standalone operation. www.TankTransport.com AUGUST 2023 I TANK TRANSPORT TRADER 17

Diversity shaping ethanol industry The U.S. corn ethanol industry continues to be a leader when it comes to employing military veterans, a new study by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports. The veteran workforce in the ethanol industry is triple the rate seen in the national workforce average and higher than the petroleum fuels and general energy workforce. “This report shows how, once again, the U.S. ethanol industry proudly leads the way in hiring military veterans,” said RFA President Geoff Cooper, himself an Army veteran and part of the RFA staff’s 20-percent veteran workforce. “The ethanol industry’s values and priorities, focused on American- made products that provide energy independence, align extremely well with those of our women and men in uniform, so it’s no surprise that we are attractive to veterans seeking employment. Military veterans know that they can continue to protect their fellow Americans and serve their country by producing a homegrown, cleaner, greener, and more affordable renewable fuel.” Veterans made up 15 percent of the corn ethanol fuels workforce, which is a higher concentration than the 9 percent energy workforce average, according to the report, which was prepared by DOE’s Office of Energy Jobs. The petroleum fuels workforce is 9 percent veteran. Meanwhile, ethanol industry workers represented by a union or labor agreement make up 7 percent of the industry workforce, the same as the national workforce average and identical to that of the petroleum fuels sector, according to the report. Cooper also noted that the DOE report underscores that progress is being made toward the industry goals of greater diversity. Females account for 31 percent of the ethanol industry workforce, well above the 26 percent average across all energy sectors. The petroleum fuels workforce, by contrast, is 25 percent female. The ethanol industry also hires more older workers, with 23 percent of its workforce aged 55 or older, compared to 18 percent for the petroleum fuels industry and 17 percent across the energy sector. The portion of the ethanol industry workforce made up of Hispanic or Latino workers has grown from 9 percent in 2018 to 11 percent in 2022, while the share of Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander workers has doubled from 1 percent to 2 percent. The shares of workers identifying as African American has grown by two percentage points since last year, from 5 percent to 7 percent, and American Indian or Alaska Native (1 percent), Asian (6 percent), Black or African American (5 percent), and two or more races (5 percent) have held relatively steady. Workers with disabilities comprise 4 percent of the ethanol industry workforce, double the average across all energy sectors and on par with the national average. Relief loan to Yellow Corp. draws fire The Treasury Department’s $700 million loan to Yellow Corp. as part of a COVID-19 relief program in 2020 was riddled with problems, according to a Congressional report released last month. Citing significant risk to taxpayers because of Treasury’s equity and debt stakes in the beleaguered less- than-truckload (LTL) carrier, the report recommends the government “immediately explore” selling its 15.9 million shares of Yellow stock by Jan. 1 and selling its loan holdings before the loan’s Sept. 30, 2024 maturity date. The Congressional Oversight Committee, which authored the report, recommended Congress not create similar open-ended, sector- specific loan programs like Yellow’s in the future, as it created a risky taxpayer bailout. The Congressional Oversight Commission raised questions about whether Yellow should have been eligible to receive the money, which the company used to cover short-term contractual obligations, payments for pensions and health care and to purchase trailers and tractors. “The Commission questions whether Yellow’s precarious financial position at the time of the loan, and continued struggles, expose taxpayers to a significant risk of loss,” the report noted, adding that previous congressional reports have also raised concerns about the loan. U.S. Rep. French Hill, the sole author of the report, said in a statement the findings verified Yellow “should have never received a $700 million taxpayer bailout from Treasury.” The company objected to that conclusion. At the time of the loan, Yellow provided LTL services to the Department of Defense and hauled for the Departments of Energy and Homeland Security, including Customs and Border Protection. “This loan enabled our nearly 100-year-old company to continue critical pick-up and delivery operations during the height of the pandemic,” a Yellow spokesperson wrote. “In doing so, 30,000 employees kept their jobs -- and family health benefits -- during a period of great uncertainty in America.” But the report calls out Treasury and Defense department “missteps in deeming Yellow as critical to maintaining national security and in executing the loan to Yellow.” It also sheds further light on the loan’s approval process. The report again raised a commission concern about the company’s spending on congressional lobbying, which was $570,000 in 2020. “The Commission noted the correlation between lobbying the government and Yellow’s ability to secure a $700 million loan,” the report said. “The Treasury confirmed that several Senators and members of Congress sent letters to Treasury urging them to provide Yellow a loan.” While the Defense Department was initially prepared to recommend Yellow’s certification as critical to maintaining national security, it changed its recommendation due to a Justice Department lawsuit alleging Yellow over-billed its services to Defense for years, according to the report. One day after Treasury was notified of the plan to change the recommendation, the department “requested an urgent call with then- Defense Secretary Mark Esper, which took place on June 26, 2020.” Esper certified Yellow as critical to maintaining national security that same day, and Treasury finalized the loan less than two weeks later, according to the report. Yellow has paid $56.8 million in interest on the loan, and its planned sale of 28 excess terminals and consolidation of its separate operating companies “will enable Yellow to refinance its debt and fully repay the CARES Act loan in September 2024, when due,” a spokesperson said in the statement Wednesday. In his statement, Hill argued that the carrier had long-standing financial troubles before the pandemic and was not critical to maintaining national security, given it was not the sole provider of such services. “Yellow’s reckless actions to use taxpayer funds on expenditures unrelated to the purpose of the loan program is exactly why Congress needs to ensure that there are better guardrails as to where future Treasury loans are being distributed and how the loans are being used,” Hill said. (from Transport Dive) TuSimple may sell U.S. operations Autonomous tech developer TuSimple Holdings could sell its U.S. operations, the company announced Thursday. The trucking startup is exploring possible transactions, such as a sale, for the U.S. portion of its business. It’s retained Perella Weinberg Partners as a financial advisor on the matter. The change could make TuSimple shift its priorities to the global market, with a focus on the Asia- Pacific region and other areas, the company said. “If a transaction involving the U.S.- based business occurs, TuSimple will continue to be a global Level 4 autonomous driving technology company with greater emphasis on Asia-Pacific and other major global markets,” the company said. The San Diego, Calif.-based company is seeking to develop Level 4 autonomous technology for long- haul heavy-duty trucks, in which vehicles are capable of operating independently in limited conditions. The startup met a milestone in late 2021 by operating a truck without a driver, but TuSimple is still working to commercialize operations. But amid that push, financial challenges have disrupted the company. Last December, the company lost one of its biggest development deals: TuSimple and Navistar ended an agreement to mass produce autonomous trucks for sale in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The company began drastically reducing its workforce in December, cutting 25 percent. In May, TuSimple said it would make another reduction, this time affecting about 30 percent of its workforce, or 300 workers, by the end of this year. “As we relaunch TuSimple, we have taken a variety of factors into consideration including further deterioration of global economic 18 TANK TRANSPORT TRADER I AUGUST 2023 www.TankTransport.com

growth, significantly reduced capital availability in the self-driving industry and redundant hardware availability,” said Cheng Lu, company president and chief executive. To further complicate matters, TuSimple faces a delisting from the Nasdaq Stock Market for failing to file its first-quarter, 2023 annual report and third-quarter, 2022 reports in a timely manner. At the same time, the company has highlighted its efforts abroad. Earlier this month, the company said it “successfully completed China’s first fully autonomous semi-truck run on open public roads without a human in the vehicle and without human intervention.” The autonomous trip was roughly 39 miles and took place near Shanghai. Europe embracing electric trucks Volvo Trucks has delivered an electric truck for heavy transport to a fleet in Gothenburg, Sweden. The truck, a Volvo FH Electric Class 8 cab-over tractor, can handle a total weight of 74 tons, or 163,142 pounds. The manufacturer said that more and more heavy-haul fleets in Europe are starting to develop electric trucks for heavy transportation applications. The fleet taking ownership of the new FH Electric is Mattsson Åkeri, which has already purchased two other heavy electric Volvo FH trucks. For the past few weeks, according to Volvo, testing has been going on with one of the electric trucks in container traffic applications in the port area of Arendal in Gothenburg. The test is a so-called “High- Capacity Transport’’ (HCT) project. The test truck is pulling two trailers with a total overall length of 104 feet. “We want to show that all- electric solutions also work in applications with high total weights and a high utilization rate,” said Lena Larsson, project manager of the HCT project within Volvo’s technology organization. “Together with Mattsson Åkeri, the Swedish Transport Administration and several other partners, we are now looking at how we can optimize the operation of the electric truck, including how charging should take place in the most efficient way.” The electric truck being tested is a Volvo FH Electric 6X4. It is charged with green electricity at two fast 180 kW chargers that Mattsson Åkeri has installed in the company’s depot in Arendal. Eventually, the truck will also run between Gothenburg and the city of Borås, 43 miles from Gothenburg. Driving long and heavy loads using electricity works very well so far, and we can carry as much cargo as a diesel truck,” said Jan-Olof Mattsson, chief executive of Mattsson Åkeri. “The truck runs 12 hours a day, with a stop for charging when the driver takes a break. We charge with green electricity and thus get no CO2 emissions. Silent, electric operation also means a better working environment for the driver.” Since Volvo Trucks started production of all-electric trucks in 2019, the company has sold nearly 5,000 electric trucks in 40 countries around the world. Volvo globally offers six electric models in series production that meet a broad range of needs for transport in and between cities. Globally, Volvo Trucks has a goal that half of all Volvo trucks sold are electric by 2030. The HCT concept allows for longer trucks and trailers that can carry more gross weight during transit. The idea is that this configuration allows for a larger load to be transported per vehicle per trip. According to Volvo, HCT can be applied on all types of drive-lines. The idea is that HCT will contribute to lower transport costs, reduced environmental impact, higher traffic safety, reduced road wear and lower maintenance costs. Volvo notes that currently in Europe there are several ongoing, and planned, HCT projects. One example is in Finland, where trucks are being permitted to drive with 167,551 pounds of total weight hauled by a 113-foot-long tractor-trailer combination on most roads. Another HCT project cited by Volvo is also in Sweden. In this test, the truck has been specially permitted to haul 220,463 pounds on a 113-foot-long tractor-trailer combination. Love’s debuts wash service Love’s Travel Stops & Country Stores has debuted a new truck washing service, a company spokesperson confirmed. The service is currently available at two Love’s locations— one in Harrisonville, Mo., and another in Pauls Valley, Okla. Both are open daily from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m., according to the retailer’s website. Love’s will soon open two more truck washes at locations in Hazen and Prescott, Arkansas, according to the retailer’s website. Love’s truck washing service had been in the works for more than a year and was “highly requested” from customers, according to a LinkedIn post by Blake Masterson, Love’s manager of corporate development. The location in Pauls Valley marked the retailer’s first ground-up built Love’s Truck Wash, Masterson said. Love’s joins other travel center chains such as Pilot Co. and Fuel America Travel Center in offering truck washing services. Truck drivers wanting to use the service pull up to the designated wash bay and let Love’s employees know what type of wash they’d like. After that, drivers pull in, park their trucks and let the automated washing system go to work. Wash prices vary depending on the type of truck, but range from $19.99 to $69.99. Types of trucks that can be washed at the facility include tractor trailers, box trucks, regular tractors, RVs or motor homes, pickups with travel trailers and one-ton trucks. Types of packages include wash and sanitize, wash out, sweep out, acid wash, waxing, windshield treatment, de-greasing, tire dressing and undercarriage wash. Drivers can pay for the truck washing service with a Love’s Rewards card; any major credit or debit card; or Android, Apple or SamsungPay. Cash is not an accepted form of payment. Love’s Travel Stops & Country Stores owns more than 610 locations in 42 states, as well as 430 truck repair locations, and has more than 39,000 employees. Minnesota targets truck tires The Minnesota State Patrol will be using high-tech systems that screen commercial vehicles at weigh stations to identify missing or under- inflated tires, state officials said. International Road Dynamics will supply 15 of its Tire Anomaly and Classification Systems (TACS) to the Minnesota Department of Transportation under a new contract. They will be added to five existing Virtual Weigh Station sites that are being used by the Minnesota State Patrol for weight enforcement and by the state DOT for traffic data collection. IRD’s Virtual Weigh Station software is a web-based solution for remotely viewing vehicle records, including weights from weigh-in- motion sensors. The Tire Anomaly and Classification System supports the screening of commercial vehicles at highway and ramp speeds. It consists of the following components: • In-road sensors for tire detection and measurement. • Roadside electronics to capture information from the in-road sensors and pass this information to the weigh station. • Weigh Station Work Station, Software and Graphical User Interface, to present information to weigh station operators. The TACS will integrate directly with the Virtual Weigh Station interface to display the precise location of unsafe tires on vehicles that cross the TACS sensors. Mobile enforcement teams stationed downstream from the checkpoints will be able to identify trucks with tire anomalies such as flat, missing or under-inflated tires. On the basis of the TACS screening, officers will issue citations to non-compliant vehicles’ operators, putting them out of service until the unsafe tire defects are corrected. “MnDOT’s decision to upgrade its Virtual Weigh Station systems with TACS shows how important tire anomaly screening is for the state’s efforts to improve commercial vehicle safety,” said Rish Malhotra, IRD president and chief executive. Cummins elects board chair The Cummins board of directors unanimously elected Cummins President and Chief Executive Officer Jennifer Rumsey as chair of the board, effective Aug. 1, the engine manufacturer announced. Rumsey succeeds Tom Linebarger, who retired July 31 from both his (Cummins continued on page 21) “WE WANT TO SHOW THAT ALL- ELECTRIC SOLUTIONS ALSO WORK IN APPLICATIONS WITH HIGH TOTAL WEIGHTS AND A HIGH UTILIZATION RATE,” LENA LARSSON, PROJECT MANAGER OF THE HCT PROJECT WITHIN VOLVO’S TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION www.TankTransport.com AUGUST 2023 I TANK TRANSPORT TRADER 19

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Amston Trailer ........................ Page 12 Betts .......................................... Page 10 Classifieds ................................ Page 20 Classifieds (food grade) ......... Page 21 Dixon Bayco ............................... Page 9 E.D. Etnyre .............................. Page 11 Girard Equipment Inc. ........... Page 7 Heil Trailer ................................. Page 2 Kerley & Sears .......................... Page 6 MAC LTT ............................ Back Page MAC Trailer ............................... Page 5 Midwest Meter ........................ Page 12 Northland Capital ................... Page 11 Pacific Fuels ............................... Page 8 PT ................................................. Page 4 Quala ......................................... Page 22 R.A. Ross .................................... Page 6 Ridewell ...................................... Page 4 RMC Engineering................... Page 10 Salco .......................................... Page 13 Scully ......................................... Page 15 Semo ............................................ Page 8 Stephens ................................... Page 22 Southeastern Pneumatic ...... Page 10 Subscription Form .................. Page 16 Superior Tank .......................... Page 16 Transwood .................................. Page 3 Tremcar .................................... Page 23 United Tank Trailer ................ Page 23 Viking Pump ............................ Page 12 Youngs Tank ............................. Page 17 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS LIQUID & DRY BULK New Polar Sanitary Transports 6250 Gallon [email protected]. Superior Tank. Bryon Kovalaske. Several Sanitary Truck Mount Tanks Available. Semo Tank/Baker Equipment Co. 800-264-8348. [email protected] [email protected] 1995 ST&E, 5400 gal, non-code, spring ride, alum wheels, food grade pump. Semo Tank/Baker Equipment Co. 800-264-8348. [email protected] [email protected] 1992 ST&E 5000 gallon straight bore with 3” stainless steel food grade pump. Semo Tank/Baker Equipment Co. 800-264-8348. [email protected] [email protected] Cummins positions as executive chairman and chairman of the board. Rumsey was first appointed to the Cummins board in February 2022 and has served as president and chief executive since August 2022. During her more than two decades with Cummins, she has held numerous roles, including chief technical officer, president of the components business, and chief operating officer. According to a Cummins press release, the combined roles of board chair and chief executive will position Rumsey to continue leading the company into the future, leveraging her technical expertise, deep understanding of Cummins’ business, and powering customers’ success throughout the energy transition. “Jennifer’s appointment as chair comes at a pivotal time for Cummins and the entire industry,” Linebarger said. “Her strategic vision for Cummins, centered on delivering solutions that meet our customers’ needs while reducing our impact on the environment, will help lead our company in the transition to a decarbonized future.” Rumsey said, “I am deeply humbled to assume the role of chair. As we look ahead, we will continue to create innovative solutions that effectively address our customers’ needs while making a positive impact on the communities we serve. When I became chief executive one year ago, I said that we would continue to put people at the center of everything we do, and I am proud to say that our dedicated employees continue to work tirelessly to ensure we remain on course for our ambitious goals as a company. At the top of that list is our commitment to Destination Zero, our strategy to achieve a zero-emissions future, power our customers’ success, grow our business, and deliver strong returns to our investors.” Rumsey is a Columbus, Ind., native and member of the Society of Women Engineers, Society of Automotive Engineers, and Women In Trucking Association. She holds a bachelor’s in mechanical engineering from Purdue University and a master’s in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She resides in Columbus with her husband and has two college-age daughters. (Cummins continued from page 19) MILK & LIQUID FOOD 1997 Walker 6000 gallon farm pick up, Hendrickson Intraax air ride. Semo Tank/Baker Equipment Co. 800-264-8348. [email protected] [email protected] 2007 Walker, 5600 gal with hydraulic pump, air ride. Semo Tank/Baker Equipment Co. 800-264-8348. [email protected] [email protected] www.TankTransport.com AUGUST 2023 I TANK TRANSPORT TRADER 21

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