Tu_hoc_Scratch_Final

["PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C 2: C\u00c1C T\u1eacP L\u1ec6NH SCRATCH Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Move C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <10> b\u01b0\u1edbc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc = 1 pixel. Xoay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <15> \u0111\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Xoay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <15> \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Quay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (trong h\u00ecnh: 90 \u0111\u1ed9). C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh: Up (tr\u00ean): 0o Right (ph\u1ea3i): 90o Left (tr\u00e1i): -90o Down (xu\u1ed1ng): 180o Ch\u00fa \u00fd: l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xoay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Xoay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a 1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed con tr\u1ecf chu\u1ed9t. Di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X, Y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi 2 l\u1ec7nh Set X to v\u00e0 Set Y to. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ecf chu\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c 1 v\u00ed tr\u00ed ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn. 401 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a Di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (X, Y) trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1.5 l\u00e0 1 gi\u00e2y r\u01b0\u1ee1i. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho trong l\u1ec7nh. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb > 0 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng sang ph\u1ea3i, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb < 0 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng sang tr\u00e1i. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh trong kho\u1ea3ng -240 \u0111\u1ebfn 240. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 Y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho trong l\u1ec7nh. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb > 0 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb < 0 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 Y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh trong kho\u1ea3ng -180 \u0111\u1ebfn 180. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, quay l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt khi di chuy\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd \\\"b\u1eadt\\\" tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3u quay c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh). C\u00f3 3 ki\u1ec3u quay: tr\u00e1i - ph\u1ea3i (right-left), kh\u00f4ng quay (do not rotate), quay tr\u00f2n (all around). (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 Y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o g\u00f3c. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Look \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \\\"Hello\\\" trong 1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian <2> gi\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \\\"Hello\\\" trong khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef suy ngh\u0129 \\\"Hmm\u2026\\\" trong 1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 402 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a <2> gi\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef suy ngh\u0129 \\\"Hmm\u2026\\\" trong khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. \u1ea8n (kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n) nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt sang d\u1ea1ng <costume2> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt sang d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo (trong danh s\u00e1ch). Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n sang d\u1ea1ng <backdrop1> trong danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng <m\u00e0u s\u1eafc> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <25> cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong danh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 color, fisheye,.. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong danh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 color, fisheye,\u2026 H\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <10> % cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi 403 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang cho s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 <100>% so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed1c. Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng. Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi <1> l\u1edbp. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n sang d\u1ea1ng <backdrop1> trong danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n sang d\u1ea1ng trong danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n sau: Chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u sang ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfp theo. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <25> cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong danh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 color, fisheye, \u2026 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong danh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 color, fisheye, \u2026 H\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trong danh s\u00e1ch. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. 404 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Sound \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh B\u1eadt \u00e2m thanh <meow> theo \u00e2m thanh trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. B\u1eadt \u00e2m thanh <meow> theo \u00e2m thanh trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y. T\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh. \u0110\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 <0.25> (1\/4) c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ed1ng trong danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1. T\u1ea1m ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian <0.25> (1\/4) nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng. Ch\u01a1i n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c <60> (n\u1ed1t C) trong danh s\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi gian <0.5> nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c <1> trong danh s\u00e1ch. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u00e2m thanh theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 <-10> ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u00e2m thanh theo m\u1ee9c <100> ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a loa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh). (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u00e2m thanh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a loa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng, t\u0103ng l\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i) <20> nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng theo <60> nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng trong 1 ph\u00fat. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng trong 1 ph\u00fat. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Pen \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh X\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edbi b\u00fat (pen). In (hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb) h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh (ch\u00fa \u00fd: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u). \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd theo v\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5c b\u00fat kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd n\u1eefa. 405 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1eb7t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho b\u00fat theo m\u1eabu m\u00e0u. D\u00f9ng chu\u1ed9t nh\u00e1y ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u00fat theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <10> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (color effect). Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e0u cho b\u00fat theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0u. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 200 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 sau: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u00fat theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <10>. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 (m\u00e0u chu\u1ea9n, th\u1eabm nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn 100, m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t). Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u00fat theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <50>. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 (m\u00e0u chu\u1ea9n, th\u1eabm nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn 100, m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t). Thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00fat theo <1> pixel. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00fat theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <1> pixel. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Variable \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb m\u1edbi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng sau: G\u00e1n 1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"a\\\". Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"a\\\" theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 (1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i \u00f4 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i. 406 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a Ch\u00fa \u00fd: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp sai th\u00ec l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1edfi \\\"NaN\\\". Hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"a\\\" tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. \u1ea8n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"a\\\" tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch (m\u1ea3ng) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"b\\\" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. B\u1ed5 sung gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <\\\"thing\\\"> v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\". Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef. X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 <1> kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\". Ch\u00e8n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <\\\"thing\\\"> v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 <1>. M\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam 1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef. Thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 <1> c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi <\\\"thing\\\">. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 <1> c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\". (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\". (h\u00e0m logic) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang n\u1ebfu m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <\\\"thing\\\">. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. 407 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1ea8n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea3ng \\\"b\\\" tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Event \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh \\\"b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\\\". Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh) s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y khi nh\u00e1y l\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd xanh. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y khi ph\u00edm t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng <Space> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5m. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chu\u1ed9t. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y khi nh\u00e1y chu\u1ed9t l\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y khi n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang <backdrop1>. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m (loudness), th\u1eddi gian (timer) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (video motion). Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00ec nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <message1>. L\u1ec7nh g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 <message1>. L\u1ec7nh \\\"when I receive the message\\\" c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: trong l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o 1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. L\u1ec7nh g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 <message1>. Khi g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xong c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh khi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp theo. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: trong l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o 1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 408 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean: n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u00e1y ph\u00edm Space, nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <meow> v\u00e0 ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 2 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n <Meow!> trong 2 gi\u00e2y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp l\u1ec7nh \\\"hide\\\". Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Control C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng trong <1> gi\u00e2y. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i <10> l\u1ea7n. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n If. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u00fang th\u00ec nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y. L\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u1ebd nh\u00e1nh If-then-else. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u00fang th\u00ec nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung tr\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 Sai th\u00ec nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung d\u01b0\u1edbi (else) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y. L\u1ec7nh \\\"d\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi\\\". Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang. L\u1ec7nh \\\"l\u1eb7p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi\\\". Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh trong khung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00f3m 409 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ec7nh. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec7nh While \u2026 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eadc cao kh\u00e1c. L\u1ec7nh \\\"d\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y\\\". L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb \u00f4 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \\\"all\\\" - d\u1eebng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh; \\\"this script\\\" - ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; \\\"other scripts in sprite\\\" - d\u1eebng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. L\u1ec7nh \\\"khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao\\\". C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh trong kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n sao (ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. L\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra 1 b\u1ea3n sao (ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a 1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao (ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch. \\\"itself\\\" l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. L\u1ec7nh x\u00f3a \u0111i 1 b\u1ea3n sao (ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n) hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Sensing \u00dd ngh\u0129a C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn va ch\u1ea1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 va ch\u1ea1m t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, con tr\u1ecf chu\u1ed9t hay c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 va ch\u1ea1m th\u00ec h\u00e0m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. M\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e1y chu\u1ed9t l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00e0u mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn. H\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang khi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e1y chu\u1ed9t l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0u. H\u00e0m s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang khi 2 m\u00e0u n\u00e0y va ch\u1ea1m nhau. H\u00e0m s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb (t\u00e2m) nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn 1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed con tr\u1ecf chu\u1ed9t. L\u1ec7nh \\\"h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u1edd\\\". Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi <What's your name> v\u00e0 ch\u1edd nh\u1eadp 410 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ph\u00edm (s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef) sau khi b\u1ea5m Enter s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"answer\\\". H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u th\u00ec giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau: Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb \\\"Answer\\\" d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ph\u00edm c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. H\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb true (\u0110\u00fang) n\u1ebfu ph\u00edm t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng <Space> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5m, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb false (Sai) C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9t. H\u00e0m s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang n\u1ebfu chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n (chu\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i). (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chu\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 Y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chu\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh loa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn video camera hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh: - motion: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. - direction: h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng L\u1ec7nh b\u1eadt \/ t\u1eaft camera c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Camera s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. L\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a video camera tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb 0% \u0111\u1ebfn 100%. V\u1eady video c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t = 100% s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. 411 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh reset timer. L\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1 \\\"timer\\\" v\u1ec1 0. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1i \u00f4 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m: - x position: t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 X - y position: t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 Y - direction: h\u01b0\u1edbng - costume #: s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. - costume name: t\u00ean c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. - size: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. - volume: \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb d\u00f9ng chung trong danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb chung s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u (xem l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp theo). (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb chung. backdrop #: s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, backdrop name: t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. - volume: \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh n\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo tham s\u1ed1 ch\u1ecdn trong \u00f4 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh: - year: n\u0103m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2016) - month: th\u00e1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 3, 1\uf0e012) - date: ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 20, 1\uf0e031) - day of week: ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2, 1\uf0e07) - hour: gi\u1edd hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 14, 0\uf0e023) - minute: ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 56. 0\uf0e059) - second: gi\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 59. 0\uf0e059) 412 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean trang scratch.mit.edu. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Operators C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng 2 s\u1ed1 (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p tr\u1eeb 2 s\u1ed1 (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n 2 s\u1ed1 (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p chia 2 s\u1ed1, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: n\u1ebfu 2 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ednh ph\u00e9p chia nguy\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c: (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa 2 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 2 s\u1ed1. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang n\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t < s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 2. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 2 s\u1ed1. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang n\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t > s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 2. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 2 s\u1ed1. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00fang n\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t = s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 2. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic \\\"and\\\" (v\u00e0). Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic \\\"or\\\" (ho\u1eb7c) Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\"not\\\". (h\u00e0m) to\u00e1n t\u1eed n\u1ed1i 2 x\u00e2u k\u00fd t\u1ef1. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 <1> c\u1ee7a x\u00e2u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 <world> (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a x\u00e2u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 <world> (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean \\\"mod\\\". (h\u00e0m) ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. (h\u00e0m) tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a 1 s\u1ed1. H\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh. 413 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u00dd ngh\u0129a abs: tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i floor: l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng celling: l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n l\u00ean sqrt: c\u0103n b\u1eadc 2 sin: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c sin. cos: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c cosin. tan: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c tan. asin: : h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c arcsin. acos: : h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c arccos. atan: : h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c arctang. ln: logarit c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 e. log: logarit c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 10. e^: h\u00e0m m\u0169 e. 10^: h\u00e0m m\u0169 10. 414 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","INDEX 4 F 4 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, 57 Flappy Bird, 322 A G \u00c2m thanh c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 75 Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, 25 G\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, 136 \u1ea8 \u1ea8n, hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 62 H B H\u00e0m s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 163 B\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, 343 B\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, 114 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bay, ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea3y, 329 Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh trong Scratch, 126 H\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa 2 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 85 Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb l\u00e0 g\u00ec, 123 H\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 129 C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi bi\u00ean nh\u1edb, 164 H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 46 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 162 \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean, 124 I Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, 128 Qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, 163 Input, 27 Slider, 128 T\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb, 124 K Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb d\u00f9ng chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang, 155 Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb List, 200 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u00e2m thanh v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 105 B\u1ed5 sung \u00e2m thanh, 78 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m clone, 266 B\u1ed5 sung \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb kho c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, 79 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, 135 B\u1ed5 sung \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb t\u1ec7p ngo\u00e0i, 79 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 44 B\u1ed5 sung nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 49 Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u broadcast, 142 B\u00fat v\u1ebd t\u1ef1 do, 104 Ki\u1ec3u logic, 165 Ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, 165 C Ki\u1ec3u x\u00e2u, 165 Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Scratch, 165 C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, 149 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eafn s\u00fang, 320 C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic, 169 C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn L Chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, 150 L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, 142 M\u00e0u s\u1eafc, 149 L\u1ec7nh ask and wait, 122 Th\u1eddi gian, 150 L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea5m ph\u00edm, 66 Va ch\u1ea1m, 149 L\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, 110 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, 13 L\u1ec7nh if, 88 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh B\u00fat v\u1ebd m\u00e0u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, 319 L\u1ec7nh if on edge, 84 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh song song, 85 L\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb, 126 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, 158 L\u1ec7nh l\u1eb7p, 48 Clone L\u1ec7nh l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, 125 \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, 268 L\u1ec7nh l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, 85 Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, 268 L\u1ec7nh ngh\u1ec9, 111 L\u1ec7nh Pen down, 60 D L\u1ec7nh Pen up, 60 L\u1ec7nh play drum, 108 \u0110\u1ed9 cao n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, 110 L\u1ec7nh play note, 110 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edd n\u00e9t v\u1ebd, 63 L\u1ec7nh play sound, 73 \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng n\u00e9t v\u1ebd, 63 L\u1ec7nh repeat, 49 L\u1ec7nh say, 54 L\u1ec7nh Set rotation style, 48 L\u1ec7nh Set tempo to, 108 L\u1ec7nh stamp, 68 415 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","L\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c, 113 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1, 254 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi x\u00e2u k\u00fd t\u1ef1, 251 M Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, 232 Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1, 246 M\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u00fat v\u1ebd, 63 Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec7 qui, 259 M\u00e1y t\u00ednh suy ngh\u0129, 24 V\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng qua 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m., 237 M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 logic \\\"touching <>\\\", 88 V\u1ebd v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, 236 X\u00f3a th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, 234 N Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n sang th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, 193 N\u1ec1n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 51 Chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sang nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, 194 Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Clone, 267 Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, 176 Nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng, 107 T\u00ecm \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1, 175 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Control, 397 T\u00ecm USCLN, 175 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Event, 396 Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Look, 390 Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb ri\u00eang, 282 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Move, 389 Danh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 279 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Operators, 401 Danh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 279 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Pen, 393 Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Clone, 284 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Sensing, 398 Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 279 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Sound, 393 T\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 45 Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Variable, 394 T\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, 44 Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh \u00e2m thanh, 74 Tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u00e1t, 328 Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, 43 Tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, 326 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i O Pacman, 26 Socoban, 26 Output, 27 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eafn s\u00fang gi\u1ea3i to\u00e1n, 345 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eafn s\u00fang ph\u00e1o binh, 348 P Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng bay, 272 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Ch\u00f3 \u0111u\u1ed5i M\u00e8o, 152 Ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n, 166 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o d\u00e3y, v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng, 336 C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n logic, 168 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111o\u00e1n \u00f4 ch\u1eef, 370 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i gh\u00e9p ch\u1eef, 357 S Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hangman, 359 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, 366 Scratch, 12 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e8o \u0111u\u1ed5i chu\u1ed9t, 270 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, 35 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u01b0a t\u1eeb, 363 C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 l\u1ec7nh, 33 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u00ecm s\u1ed1, 340 Giao di\u1ec7n, 32 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, 111 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 31 T\u01b0 duy m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, 23 Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, 33 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh, 36 \u1ee8 S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 33 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, 106 set instrument to, 113 V T Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, 143 T\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trang ph\u1ee5c, 87 V\u1ebd \u0111a gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u, 97 T\u1ea1o n\u00fat l\u1ec7nh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, 138 V\u1ebd h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, 98 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00fat v\u1ebd ri\u00eang, 64 V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ed3ng nhau, 100 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p X L\u1ec7nh thay th\u1ebf th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, 143 Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, 139 X\u00e2u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c C\u00e1c h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 x\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e2u, 183 C\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, 182 Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, 250 \u0110\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, 249 \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean, 235 416 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h","T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o [1]. 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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh cho GV c\u1ea5p Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Anh qu\u1ed1c d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n Tin h\u1ecdc. http:\/\/www.computingatschool.org.uk\/data\/uploads\/CASPrimaryComputing.pdf [9]. Shut Down or Restart. https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/topics-policy\/projects\/computing-in-schools\/report\/ https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/~\/media\/education\/computing-in-schools\/2012-01-12-computing-in- schools.pdf [10]. Trang ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Scratch. https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/ [11]. Computing at School, The Raspberry Pi Education Manual (CAS, 2012). http:\/\/pi.cs.man.ac.uk\/download\/Raspberry_Pi_Education_Manual.pdf [12]. Scratch Programming For Teens. Jerry Lee Ford, Jr. [13]. Super Scratch Programming Adventure! The LEAD Project [14]. Starting from Scratch. An Introduction to Computing Science. Jeremy Scott. [15]. Computational thinking. A guide for teachers. Andrew Csizmadia, Simon Humphreys, National Coordinator, Computing At School. [16]. Computer Science: A curriculum for schools. http:\/\/www.computingatschool.org.uk\/ [17]. K12-Computer Science Framework. https:\/\/k12cs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/K%E2%80%9312-Computer- Science-Framework.pdf. 417 | T \u1ef1 h \u1ecd c l \u1ead p t r \u00ec n h S c r a t c h"]