Second form study guide

The musical staff The middle C (C3) is the C that is used to separate the G clef from the F clef. For the The musical staff ( stave) is made up of five lines and four treble staff the middle C is placed at the spaces. Each line and space is counted from the bottom bottom. upwards. The Treble ( G) clef The Treble Staff The middle C Line Space Letters on the lines and spaces You can not give the lines or spaces any are all placed letter name until a clef is written at the together. beginning of the staff. Letters on the lines and spaces are separated. Either way you choose to label your treble staff is ok.

The musical staff Letters on the lines and spaces are separated. Either The Grand Staff continue way you choose to label your bass staff is ok. Both treble and bass staves and The bass ( F ) clef The Bass Staff they are joined by a brace. The For the bass staff the treble staff is always places at middle C is placed at the top. You can see the middle the top. C in the middle of both staves. The middle C The bass ( F) staff is Brace used to play notes that are low in pitch.

Time Values and Rest Rest Time Values Rest in music represents a periods in silence. Each time Symbols that are use in music to represent the has a corresponding rest. length or duration of a sound.

Bars, bar lines and double bar lines Time signature ✓ Two number written above each other. ✓ The top number tells the amount of beat/count. ✓ The bottom number tells the type of beat or time value been used. Measure( bar): Single bar line: Double bar line: Use Final bar line: This time signature is also called common where we write our Divides the to separate two Place at the end time. notes music into equal sections or phrase in to show that the units. a piece. music is finish. Means 4 quarter Means 3 quarter notes ( crotchets) notes ( crotchets) in the bar. in the bar.

Stem Directions Dynamics and Tempo Markings ✓ Notes that are above the middle line should have ✓ Dynamics: how quiet or load the music should play. their stems coming down. ✓ Tempo: How fast or slow the music or sound is. ✓ Notes that are below the middle line should have Some Dynamic their stems going up. markings and meaning ✓ Notes falling on the middle line can have their stems going up or down. Middle Line Tempo Meaning Some Tempo markings and meaning

Beaming Four semiquavers can be beamed to form 1 crotchet beat. ✓ Joining the flags together to make the notes easier to read and play. = ✓ Only time values with flag/s can be ✓ Two quavers are equal to 1 crotchet beamed ( example the quaver and ✓ Four semiquavers are equal to 1 crotchet. semiquavers). Two quavers can be beam to form 1 crotchet beat.

The keyboard Accidentals Symbols used to raise, lower or restore a note to its original pitch. Semitones and tones Used to Used to Used to restore raise a note lower a note I a note to its ✓ Semitone: smallest distance between 2 notes. 1 semitone semitone original pitch. ✓ Tone: made up two semitones. In a major scale the semitones occur between the 3rd and 4th and 7th and 8th degrees.

Major Chords Chart The formula for a major chord ( or When numbering major triad) is R 4 3 chords, they are normally written in roman ✓ R = the root note or starting note numerals. ✓ 4 = 4 semitones from the root note We can also use the degree names for ✓ 3 = 3 semitones from the middle note our chords.

Primary and secondary Enharmonic notes Form or structure chords A note that has two names. How a musical piece is organized into ✓ Chords 1, 4 and 5 are primary and Some examples are shown different sections or parts. are major chords below Three forms of earlier music are: ✓ Chords 2,3,6,and 7 are secondary 1. Binary ( AB) and are minor chords except for 2. Ternary ( ABA) chord 7. The minor chord formula 3. Rondo ( ABACA ) is R 3 4. In more modern music we ✓ Chord 7 is diminish. used terms such as: 1. Introduction Ostinato 2. Verse 3. Chorus A short musical idea or phrase, 4. Bridge that is repeated. Ostinato can be in the form of a rhythm or melody.

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