ภูมิศาสตร์เมือง = Urban geography

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... 'WU1 .d 2 U'Vl'VI tr.:ifl'U'ULL'U'U(;)1~1-rn~ ~ 15 fl1'V'lV1 2.1 ~'U~U\"1~.:irn~1'UF11 Great Britain, United Kingdom (UK), Ireland u\"::: British Isles 22 fl1'V'l~ 2.2 38 d m1~u\"1~.:iL~'Ufl~1EJ Logistic curve ~.:i~mtl'U~'ULL'U'U'!Jtl.:i Urbanization curve 1urnn 40 42 ..U'Vl'VI 3 ~m.n 43 fl1'V'lV1 3.1 ..,hlii'tJ-ffurmm11EJLtltJLifo.:i1um'hnJ~:::L'Yll'l(;)1m:::lii''Urn~ililltJ1'Yl1.:iLl'l~\"1~rh1 48 48 fl1'V'l~ 3.2 mtl'Ut11~ri1i,,u~'!Jtl'UL'!J(;)Lil8.:i(;)1l.JU'U1~~'!Jtl.:i Department of Economic and Social fl1'V'l~ 3.3 55 Affairs '!JiM Population Division, United Nations (UN DESA) 55 m-wvi 3.4 rn~LmEJ'ULviEJ'UtJ~:::'i!1m1\"n1u fl.I'!. 2014 ('li1EJ) u\"::: fl.I'! . 2018 (•tm) 68 .J vi'1mh.:irn~ci1.:ifl11lJLtltJLiltl.:i 70 fl1'WV1 3.5 fl1'V'l~ 3.6 ernm:::V1'U'!Jtl.:it11~~il~v1mi'11i.Jtlv1umM'1utm'lJ(;)'lltJ'UviamtlueJ\"'11nn1~ci1.:im1lJ 70 fl1'W~ 3.7 \" \"\" 71 fl1'W~ 3.8 LU'ULiitl.:i 73 ~1'U1'UtJ~:::'ll1mLiitl.:!'lltl.:!U~:::L'Y11'11'YlEJ fl.I'!. 1950 - 2050 73 74 fav\":::rn~n\"1mtluLih:i.:i'!Jv.:itJ~:::LV1P11'YlEJ fl.I'!. 1950 - 2050 76 d v11€JV1.:!a11il'U'!J€J.:JLiitl.:i(;)1l.Jfl!]a11il'U - 'll'U1~ LL\"1~.:!~1EJ\"1l.Jfl1~ (a) Eq. 4.1 LL\"::: (b) Eq. 77 ..U'Vl'VI 4 4.2 ..fl1'V'l'Yl 4.1 n1'rn~:::'11EJ'!JtJ.:iLilv.:i 3 LL'U'U 1~LLri Rank-size pattern, Intermediate pattern LL\"::: fl1W'Yl 4.2 Primate pattern mw~ 4.3 a1lil'U'!JtJ.:iLi'.Jv.:iLtJ~EJ'ULviEJ'U ~:::w:h.:iLi'.Jv.:i~i'.J'!J'U1~1i,,ajL~flliltlL~€1.:!11'U Jl1'V'l~ 4.4 1i,,ajL~n1~1iim~tl.:inu (;)1l.lfl!J~11il'U - 'll'U1~ ~1'U1'UU~:::'ll1fl~ U\"1:::~1'U1'U~'Uf11U\"1::: .. ..u Jl1W'Yl 4.5 !'111l.Ji;;'mi'U5~:::W)1.:J a11il'U'tl'Ufl1~(;),:j~'U~1'U .. 'U~fl1~ ..Jl1'V'l'Yl 4.6 .., 1V ~ I -., -., Q-., Q II fl1'V'l'Yl 4.7 !'111lJ\"1lJW'U6~:::i,,11.:i~:::~'U'Yl~.:i(;)1U\"1:::W\"1EJ'lJ€l.:J\"1'Ufl1 fl1'V'lvi 4.8 Jl1'V'l~ 4.9 ~tJ~1.:i'!J8.:iui,,ci.:in\"11.:iLL\"1:::~'U~'U~n1~ \"u nw1i'v'Uf1'UtJEi1,JLU'Ua11il'U'!Jtl.:!Ui,,ci.:in\"11.:!a11il'U'tl'Ulil1.:i 1 (;)1lJ'Yl'l\"1~LLi,,'1.:inm.:i

mwvi 4.10 .~ 'Vl'U\"'1 .,j .LLV1~.:im11.:iviiM1~uit.1 3 ~1~u v11l..lV1(l'1!/~LLV1~.:imrn 78 ~ 78 fl1YiVl 4.11 79 ~1t.11t.1Ylt.1vi m 1 A 1 ' ! l a~ LLVI~ .:i m m 80 .,j .., ' ' ... i11WV1 4.12 ~1t.11t.1Ylt.1vim1A1'!Ja.:iLL'v'l~~mrnviiM1~uit.1 3 ~1~u fl1W~ 4.13 'Vl(l'1!1~LL'v'l~~mn:i~~n~viLL\\J'1.:i1viv Losch (1940) d ~VI ~1 t.!'!Jtl~ LL<j~~1tJ~vi1~1tJ1t.inv m<jl.Jfl1 Fl1i1t.l LL'1 ::;f11AU~fl1'j'!Jtl.:I Lifo~~ii-!JtJ1Vl 82 83 'IJ'Vl'VI 5 \\J <j::;•inrmh~tiu fl1W~ 5.1 88 fl1l~~ 5.2 L'!Jvl8'Vl6Yi'1'!Jtl.:l~tJR1LL'1::;U~fl1'j1'1Jdfo:i 89 89 .,j L'!Jvl8'Vl6W'1'!Jtl~Liitl-:l 90 fl1WV1 5.3 L'!Jvl8'Vl5'V'l'1'!JB~Liia~ 2 Liit.1-:i;-:iiM1~u.ffmvhtiu (a) LL'1::; ii~1~ui\"Uhlwhtit.1 (b) 91 fl1YI~ 5.4 91 fl1YI~ 5.5 m1vlLLavi.:i 'LL'j.:JL~tJVl'V11'\\J<j=:;tJ::;V11-:i' (Friction of distance) 93 mwvi 5 .6 95 m1vlLLavi.:i 'L'!JvlHLL'j~L~tJvi'Vl1'1.J' (Frictionless zone) 95 .,j m1vlLL~vi.:im1l..l~lJitJG'!Jt.l<l Friction of distance LL'1::; Distance decay 98 fl1YIV1 5.7 fl1YI~ 5.8 m1l..l~lJ~'Uth::;V111.:iLiia-:i 3 Liia.:i fl1YI~ 5.9 fl1Ylvi 5.10 rml'i1t.11rut.1~1-:i~1t1'!JB.:JL'!JvlV'Vl6Y1'1'!JB.:i~'\\JR1LLa::;u~m'j'j::;V111-:iLiit.1-:i 2 Liia.:i .,j IJ di I _,J 4• L'!Jvlfl1'jf'l1'!Jt.l-:lLlJB.:iLL'v'l.:l'v'l'\\J-:l '11fl'lJt.l'UL'!Jvlvl1lJLLt.!1FlVl'!Jtl-:l Reilly ( 1931) fl1YIV1 5.1 1 cm1l..l'11v::;Ltlt.11un1<j1\\Jtt.1~'\\JR1v1n~1t.1R1 3 LLl-i.:i 1\\>1LLri ~1t.1 A ~1u B LLa::;~1'\\J v11l..l .,j fl1WV1 5.12 LL'\\J1RVl'!Jtl-:l Huff (1963) ci 'Vl(l'1!1~1.:ILL'v'11'1.J~1l..J vl1l..JLL\\J1RVl'!Jt.l-:l Burgess (1925) 103 105 'IJ'Vl'VI 6 V1(l'1!1~~\\JLit11\\1~B~lJ (;11l..JLLt.!1Rvi'!JB-:l Hoyt (1939) 106 107 .,j 'Vl(l'1!1~\"1'11tJ~'\\JVfl'11-:l \\1l1lJLL\\J1RVl'!Jt.l~ Harris and Ullman (1945) 112 mvm 6.1 . ~LL'U'U~1at.1-:i'jB'IJt.1t.1miia-:i 113 114 .,j i1LL\\1u.:ivilil-:i'!Jt.1-:l Hundred percent location 115 115 fl1YIV1 6.2 .,j mwvi 6.3 'Vl~Vl' (Peak land value iritersection - PlVI) .,j ...fl1<jL'ij~~tJL~t.Jfl1'jLfl'1!/vl'j1tl'ULiit.1-:i'!Jt.1-:lf~1viviL~tJ1 fl1YIV1 6.4 A1L'U1L-ti-:lLl'1<j'1!/1inv (Economic rent) vl1l..JLLt.!1RVl'!Jtl.:J von Thonen .,j II I t 6 ca,, 4 4 .J-=1 ..., 1 ..., fl1'V'lV1 6.5 LatJLLavi.:i!'l1L'l11L'tl-:lLl'11'1!/1iflv'!Jtl.:J'Yi'lJ 2 '11'1.JVI 'VllJFl11lJ'tl'I.Jvl1~fl'I.J .,j ...L~'I.JLL~Vl<lA1L'U1L-ti.:JLl'1'jl!J~nv \\1~tl L~'\\JLR.:Jfl1<j\\J<jtl..J'1A1L'1!1 '!Jt.1.:!vl'U 4 'lJUVI ~t.l ern (W'tl A) ~ fl1YIVl 6.7 1lJ (Vi'O' B) 'lJ11a1~ (Yi'lJ C) LL'1::; \"1(Y1Lit1.:i«v11 (vl'!l 0 ) fl1Ylvi 6.8 .,j fl1WV1 6.9

.. ~~1.Jf1tl'U (a) ua~\\-1~-'.I (b) '1-3fl'j1lJLan1i.:ivi 2 ., fl1WU'11il-3l.Ji;lrhvi~uviLLvlf1~1-3f11.J11.J'IJ1L1lli'11il~m~Wl1.:if11.J1.J~l31\"f1'\\Jf)1.J1.J1-3LL\\-11'1J Jl1WY1 6.10 'WU1 V' ... 117 118 Jl1WY1 6.11 119 mwvi 6.12 mwvi 7.2 uuu,i1atJ-3f'l'l1lJ\\-l'U1LL\\J1.JU\"I~'!l1m'!Jt1.:i (a) Clark, (b) Tanner LLi;l~ Sherratt LLa~ (c) 124 Newling mwvi 7.3 f'l11lJ\\-11.J1U\\J1.J'!Jtl-3'U'j~'!J1mv11lJa1~'\\JW~1.J1f)W!Jtl-'.ILUtl.:i 127 128 mwvi 7.4 .m.ru,i1i;lt1.:i f'l11l.l\\-11.J1 LLtJ1.J\\J'j~'!J1m'!ltl.:J Northam \" 133 ... LL'IJ'IJ,i1atJ.:Jf11'j1Lf'l'I1~'\\1Yl1.JviY11.:J~-3f'llJvl1lJLL1.J1Alil'!Jtl-3 Shevky and Bell (1955) 135 LiitJ.:it.:i'I.J\"I~f)t)'IJ~1£Wtl~LL'1-3titJv11lJJ1lJ~L1.J'U'j~'!J1f)'j'j')).J 4 L'!I~ .fl1WY1 7.5 m~'IJ11.Jf11'j Filtering-down 140 m~tJ11.Jf11\"I Filtering-up fl1WY1 7.6 141 mwvi 7.7 151 155 d 8 161 'U'Vl'Vl 167 ... fl1YIY1 8.1 183 184 inwvi 8.2 LL'IJ'IJ,i1atJ.:il111.J~na1.:i-'!lt1tJ (Core and frame model) vl1l.JLL1.J1Alil'!Jtl-'.I Horwood & V 187 ... Boyce ( 1959) fl1WY1 8.3 f11\"I'1hrn\"ItJtJ\\-l~tl'!ltltJL'!I~ CBD tJel1.:i~1t1Llilt11'U6'U1f'l1\"ILU'U~1LLY11.J ~1t1m\"Irhmru '~lil ~'U~f1i;l1-'.IU'I-3LUl.Jri1.:i' (Cent re of gravity - CG) Ui;l~ '~'!J'Ufl1'jm~'11tl' (Index of mwvi 8.4 dispersion) 'L~'ULL\\-i.:im\"I~'1l.lni;ll.Jf1~1.J' LLi;t~ ·1~uvinnY1Blilvi'-:i' \" d ~1t1el1.:im\"Irhu1rurh\\J~~l.lw1.J6 f11.J1.J1'ULUtl-3 4 'U'I~LflY11~LLf1 (1) f)1.J1.J'11tl'U\"I~611.J (2) f11.J1.J'11tl\\-l~f1 (3) f11.J1.J'11tl'Itl.:i LLi;l~ 'U'Vl'Vl 10 (4) (l1.J1.J'11t1Eltltl ... Lf'l\"I'1'U1tJ'!ltl-3fl'U'ULLtJtJ~1.:i 1 l~LLri (A) Lf'l\"I.:J'U1tJ'!ltl-'.lf11.J1.JutJuLtl1.JL~um.:i (B) Lf'l\"I.:J'U1tJ .fl1WY1 10.1 fl1WY1 10.2 mwvi 10.3 mwvi 10.4 LLa~1.:iumu 193 uuu,i1atJ.:i Space-time prism (m'lil.l~uvi-nm) 1uitJLLtJtJ 2 ij~~1l.JLL1.J1Alil'!ltl.:J Hagerstrand

., vn.n fl1V'lvi 10.5 fl1~'V11'Utl1'\\111'm,n:rl'U'lJu.:l'lJ€J.:lfl'UV11.:i1'U 2 fl'ULiJ~m.JLvim..JO'Ul))1l.JLL'I.J'I.J~1'1u.:i Space- 194 fl1V'lvi 10.6 time prism (tl~;l.Jv1'U~-L1'11) 1'Wii.JLL'I.J'U 2 mi\\,11l.JLLU1A\\1l'lJu.:I Hagerstrand 194 LL'I.J'I.J'11\"1€J.:i Space-time prism (,J~;2Jv1'U~-L1'11) 1'UitJLL'U'U 3 ij~lil12JLL'U1A\\1l'lJu.:i Hagerstrand 198 207 d 11 209 215 \\J'Vl'VI 216 217 fl1Yivi 11.1 nu1'111l.JLLIJlfl~1.:i'lJu.:!fl,C\\Jfl1'1'1:S11il~~'\\1111.:lfla,2J,J~~L'Vlf'1 MEDC na,l.J,J~~L'Vlf'l LEDC Inti~ 11.2 v1'U~~L;EJ1~ul.JLiiu.:iitJLL'U'U~1.:i \"] hiw1 (A) Greenbelt, (B) Green buffer, (C) Green wedge, (D) Green corridor, (E) Green zone LL'1~ (F) Green heart fl1Yl~ 11.3 m1vlLL~\\1l.:iuruV1f1iJLLEJfl!Jl12Ji.l~~Li1'Vlfl1~1i~~'U el'ULU'Ui:J'1l.J1v1fli.l~1flflfl1~ru Urban ,\" ..i mYl~ 11.4 heat island L\\1lEJ1.ff-uu2J\"1Lv1EJ,J~~mruv1n Oke (1987) \" LLi:J'Ue1.:im1m;aul.J1EJ.:i~~w:h.:i rfoiiu.:i~1l.J LL'1~ er.:aiiu.:iLum~ L\\1lEJu1!11EJeJ1'U1vlil1l.J Yi~~~1'llucycy~m~e1'.:iLifo~ 'W.f'l. 2518 In'W~ 11.5 1'1112JL;gu2JLEJ.:l~~'\\1111.:ier.:imfl e1'.:iLiiu.:i LL'1~er.:iLfl~.:lfl1~ fl1'W~ 11.6 e1'.:iu'.iu.:!~1l.JLL'1~e1'.:iufo.:!Lil'W1~ !)

... 'VI\\J1 d 1 'I.J'Vl'VI + UVlcl1'UVl1.:iniiP1,'1V1faazi1')1niiP11'1vi{u'.iu.:iL~lJLL')n 3 VV 10 d 15 21 'I.J'Vl'VI 2 22 + Urban 9i,.:inu City mh.:ih 24 + ~.:Jt1'U'ULLUUVl1')1.:Jn~(;l (Grid pattern) Ltl'Uuo,.:ih 25 + t1Ylfiu1ru1iifllJ (Colonialism) + n1')L~lln~iJ UK ('1\\1')1'!1iJ1ru1~m), Britain (u~LVl'U), England (ii.:in(J~) 30 ..+ i~u1n1,fllJ'U1fllJ'U'U~.:J'Uu.:J'1\\1~~iJl.lJ~mlmb.:i fl.Pl. 1790 - 1960 33 + '!11'UWtl.:J (Suburb) 9i1.:inu u'.iu.:iU~11') (Satellite) uo1.:ih + Megalopolis (l.lJnZL'1LYi~'1 \\11tl iJnlJ\\11'Ufl')) + f'i111 Megacity ~h.:inu Global city \\11u World city uo1.:ih d 3 'I.J'Vl'VI + Urbanization uaz Urban growth 9i1.:inuuo1.:ih 37 37 + m{~nf'l'ri~ : MEDC, LEDC, MDC u.az LDC 41 V 42 + NICsfiutJzh 47 52 + ~Yi~UC\\jC\\j~'Uu.:J United Nations : City proper, Urban agglomeration uaz Metropolitan 56 area + Counterurbanization (n1')'11.:Jf111lJLU'UWu.:J) + Overurbanization uaz Underurbanization + {uua::m')na1mtluu'.itJ.:i'Uu.:im.:iLV1VilJ\\11'Ufl1 ' d 78 'I.J'Vl'VI 4 + Vl'J~6u.\\1~.:ina1.:i u.a:: \\1\"nn11via1(;l')Z\\J\\J K = 3 (The K=3 marketing principle) d 1•n1')(1{;1(1.:JVl1l.l')ZllZVl1.:J' u.az •LL1.:JLatJ(;lVl1'U')ZtJZY11.:J' (llJi'UGl1'Uuth.:i 'j 89 'I.J'Vl'VI 5 + !l

., 'WU1 d 104 UVIVI 6 ~.+ LL'U'U'11atNfm1ivithm1nviLL'1\\?l.:J'U~rnuvr~t1t'U~viLLtJflfl'Ut18'!Jt1.:Jfl~,l.Jl'l'U~1'1~nU~1'Uci.:tl'll.J d 7 UVIVI + l'iw\"1 'Urban doughnut' effect LLi;I~ Doughnut/Donut city 129 142 + m11JV1l.J1£JLL1;1~~l.J1'!Jt1.:tl'i'Yi\"1 Gentrification 143 + l'i'Yi\"1 Slum, Blight area u.1;1~ Substandard housing 1iu.\\l1n~1.:in'Ut1ei1.:ih 144 145 + 'Ln\\l11\\l1' (Ghetto) + '1'1l.J'!J'U111l1vrajvl~l1l1\"U11;1nt1~ffivr'U d 154 157 UVIVI 8 163 167 + uuuitJei1'U~'if1'1fl1;11.:t (CBD) 1'ULiit1.:i~1.:i 'l LVliit1'Ufl'UVl~t1l>.J 168 + fl1'itl'i~UJ'U'i11'11vi~'U + 11-11.:in11 Greenfield + m11.JL~mfo:i1~vri1.:icl1i!n.:i1'U (Office linkage) + '1'il'UVl~tlL'!J\\l1tl~\\JLtl~v'U' (Zone in transition) d 173 178 UVIVI 9 179 + Pl11l.JL~tJ\"l1tJ-1Vl1.:J~\\l1'11Vlfl'i'il.l (Industrial linkage) 180 + u~n11cl1vr~utJt.,.J~\\l1 (Producer services) + Footloose industry (~\\l1'11Vlfl'i'il.J'!J11;1titl) + 'Lvtl'l1'U1'Vi~'1' (Technopolis) LL'1~ 'LvtPil'U1vrn' (Technopole) d 182 UVlVI 10 + U.'Ull'111;1t1.:ttl!jci1.J-w'Ufi (Interaction model) d 203 211 UVIVI 11 + Third rush hour (i\"l1l.J.:td.:ivi\"l'U~'11l.J) + tl'i~L.f1Vl'!Jtl.:t Urban heat island : Surface urban heat island LL'1~ Atmospheric urban heat island d 226 UVIVI 12 + fl1'i'W~'U1t'U~'itill'1'11U'!J'U~.:J (Transit Oriented Development - TOD)

+ Bruntland Commission ., + Green city 1tJm-:::u\"m'l~~\\J1€l~1~t~~\\J (Sustainable development) 'Vl'U1 232 233

ISBN 978-616-407-571 -9 I 111 9 786164 075719