Materials for conservation : organic consolidants, adhesives and coatings

First published by Butterworth-Heinemann 1'{) First edition I986 1c l, Second edition 2010 C'51 6\"? cit> 'O This edition published 2011 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint ofthe Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright© 2010, Velson Horie. All rights reserved The right of Velson Horie to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is availabe from the Library of Congress ISBN-13: 978-0-75-066905-4

Preface Contents A c kn o w ledge m e n ts Di scl aimer ix About the Author xii xiii Part I xiv Background Information 3 1. Introduction 4 5 1.1 Use of Resins in Conservation 8 1.2 Setting Processes 9 1.3 Reversibility 11 1.4 History 1.5 Information Sources 15 19 References 22 27 2. Polymer Science 32 33 2.1 Film-Forming Materials 37 2.2 Molecular Weight and Size 44 2.3 Glass Transition Temperature 58 2.4 Mechanical Properties 59 2.5 Optical Properties 2.6 Polymerization 67 2.7 Deterioration of Polymers 69 2.8 Testing of Polymers 75 2.9 Identification of Polymers 76 81 References 92 3. Solvents 97 97 3.1 Chemical Type and Purity 3.2 Solubility Parameters V 3.3 Evaporation Rate 3.4 Hazards 3.5 Solvent-Solute Interaction References 4. Adhesion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Wetting the Surface

GD Contents 4.3 Effects of Setting Properties on Adhesion 100 4.4 Strength of Adhesion Bonds 101 4.5 Failure of Joints 103 104 References 5. Uses and Requirements of Applied Polymers -A Summary 5.1 Stability 105 5.2 Reversibility 105 5.3 Glass Transition Temperature 105 5.4 Setting 105 5.5 Strength 106 5.6 Application 106 5.7 Consolidation 106 5.8 Adhesion 111 5.9 Coatings 117 5.10 Moulding 118 5.11 Specifying a Product for Conservation 118 121 References Part II 125 Survey of Polymers 130 132 6. Hydrocarbons 137 6.1 Polyethene (PE) and Paraffin Wax 142 6.2 Rubber 145 148 References 153 7. Vinyl Acetate-Derived Polymers 159 172 7.1 Poly(Vinyl Acetate) (PVAC) 7.2 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVAL) 179 7.3 Poly(Vinyl Acetals) 181 181 References 182 8. Acrylic Polymers 8.1 Background 8.2 Conservation References 9. Miscellaneous Synthetic Thermoplastics 9.1 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) 9.2 Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) 9.3 Polystyrene (PS) 9.4 Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP)

Appendices Contents Appendix 1 Polymer Properties 311 Appendix 2.1 Solvent Properties 323 Appendix 2.2 Hydrocarbon Solvents 369 Appendix 2.3 Hazards and Warnings 373 (European Union Labelling) 377 Appendix 2.4 Hazards and Warnings 379 (Globally Harmonized System Labelling) 423 Appendix 3 Polymer Solubility Charts Appendix 4 Glossary 439 453 Author Index Term Index

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