IMR 455 ELEK C REPORT GROUP 1 (1)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT BACHELOR OF INFORMATION SCIENCE (HONS.) INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT (IM245) ADMINISTRATION OF ARCHIVES (IMR455) GROUP ASSIGNMENT: BUKIT KEPONG INCIDENT PREPARED BY: NURUL LAILATULNISA BINTI BAHJAM (2022787369) NUR DIYANA AN-NISA BINTI BAHURDIN (2020844648) NUR FAKHIRA HANNANI BINTI MOHAMAD AZHARI (2020836468) PUTERI MIESHA SHARMILA BT. MEGAT HASBULLAH (2021118053) SITI DZUBAIDAH BINTI PAHRUROZI (2020872684) SITI ZUHIRAH BINTI MOHD SAMSUDIN (2022923809) SYARAH SYASYA BINTI MATZAIDI (2022947527) GROUP: IMR455 ELEK C PREPARED FOR: PROFESOR MADYA DR SAIFUL FARIK BIN MAT YATIN SUBMISSION DATE: JULY 2022

ADMINISTRATION OF ARCHIVES (IMR455) GROUP ASSIGNMENT: BUKIT KEPONG INCIDENT BY: NURUL LAILATULNISA BINTI BAHJAM (2022787369) NUR DIYANA AN-NISA BINTI BAHURDIN (2020844648) NUR FAKHIRA HANNANI BINTI MOHAMAD AZHARI (2020836468) PUTERI MIESHA SHARMILA BT. MEGAT HASBULLAH (2021118053) SITI DZUBAIDAH BINTI PAHRUROZI (2020872684) SITI ZUHIRAH BINTI MOHD SAMSUDIN (2022923809) SYARAH SYASYA BINTI MATZAIDI (2022947527) FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT KAMPUS PUNCAK PERDANA SEMESTER MARCH – AUGUST 2022 2022 i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrohmanirrohim, First and foremost, praise is to Allah, for enabling us to complete this assignment without any difficulties. Special thanks and appreciation are given to our lecturer, Profesor Madya Dr Saiful Farik Bin Mat Yatin for all his advice, criticism, and guidance during the implementation of this assignment. Without all the learning that we learnt from him, we cannot get and reach this assignment at this level. We also would like to express our gratitude to our beloved family for their encouragement, patience, support, financial support and sacrifice they have given to us during the implementation of this assignment. We would like to thank all the people who helped and supported us in the writing process. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to all our friends especially our classmates IMR455 Elek C that have been supporting us from the beginning of this task. ii

TABLE OF CONTENT NO. TOPIC PAGE 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii 1 2. EXPLANATORY NOTES 2 3. ABBREVIATIONS 3 4 4. INTRODUCTION 5. CHAPTER 1 : THE BEGINNING OF THE INCIDENT OF 8 12 BUKIT KEPONG 16 6. CHAPTER 2 : DURING THE INCIDENT OF BUKIT KEPONG 25 7. CHAPTER 3 : AFTER THE INCIDENT OF BUKIT KEPONG 8. CHAPTER 4 : BUKIT KEPONG POLICEMAN 27 9. CHAPTER 5 : CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT ON BUKIT 28 30 KEPONG 32 10 CONCLUSION 33 11. LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS 12. LIST OF FIGURES 13. INDEXES 14. APA REFERENCES iii

EXPLANATORY NOTES These Finding aids are tools that assist users in locating information within a record group, collection, or series of archival documents. This assignment's finding aids are related to the Bukit Kepong incident. Electronic and non-electronic sources can provide many different forms of information. The objective of the finding aid is to locate specific information inside the collection. The finding assistance can also aid in the management of the archival repository's materials and resources. The content of these finding aids is based on digital documents accessible at the Malaysian National Archives. 1

ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS MEANING PAGE 9 AP/HG (Polis Bantuan – Auxiliary Police / Pengawal Kampung – Home 10 SC Guard) Special Constable 2

INTRODUCTION Bukit Kepong is a town in Johor, Malaysia's Muar district. It is close to the Muar River. The horrific Bukit Kepong Incident made the town famous. During the Malayan Emergency, the Federation of Malaya Police and communist terrorists from the Malayan Communist Party fought in the Bukit Kepong Incident on February 23, 1950. This incident occurred in the vicinity of the Bukit Kepong police station in Bukit Kepong. The tragedy began shortly before daybreak, when Communist militants launched a guerrilla attack on the police station, killing nearly all of the officers stationed there. The assailants were confident that they would be able to defeat the police officers and take possession of the police station in a short period of time when they launched the siege. This was owing to a number of variables in their favor, including their numerical and military advantage, as well as the station's relative isolation. In this thematic finding aid, we have 5 topics discussed such as the beginning of the incident, during the incident, after the incident, Bukit Kepong policeman, and the controversial statement of Bukit Kepong. 3

CHAPTER 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE INCIDENT OF BUKIT KEPONG 4

Figure 1: Bukit Kepong police station site burned by communist terrorist Accession number: 1998/0009610W Bukit Kepong is a small settlement on the banks of the Muar River in Johor with about 20 stores, the most of which are owned by Chinese people. This community is near to other Malay communities, which are 3 to 6 kilometers apart by road. The quickest and fastest method to go to Hill Kepong is to drive to Lenga and then to Bukit Kepong along the river route, which takes about 2 hours. Bukit Kepong lost communication with the outside world due to its secluded location. The residents of this community are straightforward, bold, and self-sufficient. Since the start of the emergency, they have had a lot of success in combating communist terrorists. The most noteworthy instance occurred 18 months prior when three Malays struggled with three communist terrorists armed with automatic weapons. Armed only with knives, they were able to kill one terrorist, injure and capture another, and force a third terrorist to flee. The village guards, which consisted of 40 auxiliary cops and various groups armed with machetes, were awarded 'Colonial Police Medals' for their bravery in another combat. 5

Figure 2: Some police pictures at Anjong Balai not long before the attack on bukit kepong police station by communists Accession number: 1998/0009605W The Bukit Kepong police force and the auxiliary police force collaborate closely. Three of them were on duty as usual when a gang of communist terrorists (180 individuals) assaulted the Bukit Kepong Police Station at 5.00 a.m. on February 23, 1950. The police station and officers’ barracks were instantly defended in the face of a massive attack by communist terrorists armed with automatic weapons who surrounded the police station. The shootings were brutal, and the communist terrorists demanded that the police surrender, but they were disregarded. The conflict continued, and numerous personnel of the police station were killed, while off-duty officers in the officers’ barracks continued to fight until one by one they were dead. When two women of police marines discovered their husbands had been killed, they picked up arms and fought with other members until they ran out of ammunition. When the siege began, the communists felt they would be able to overpower the police and take possession of the police station in a short amount of time. This is due to a number of factors in their favor: 6

1. Weapons' advantages and the number of members 2. Conditions at the remote station OCPS Sergeant Ray Dancey, who had previously served in Palestine, was in charge of the Bukit Kepong Police Station at the time. He was not present at the time of the incident, which was most likely known to the communists. Apart from that, Sergeant Jamil Mohd Shah commands a mixed platoon of 15 Malay police and Marine Police Constables. Three special constables and four additional police officers were added to the team at the time for control and other duties, bringing the total number of cops to 22. The officers’ barracks at the back of the station housed thirteen police spouses and children. The deployment of the marine police there is primarily due to the poor communication system. 7

CHAPTER 2 : DURING THE INCIDENT OF BUKIT KEPONG 8

Figure 3: View of Bukit Kepong Police Station Today Accession number: 1998/0009627W It is not surprising to hear about police courage in the line of duty, but none are as vivid and moving as that involving the defense of the Bukit Kepong police station, located in the remote Pagoh region of Johor, Malaysia. Author and former Malayan Civil Service employee Brian Stewart introduces a chapter on Bukit Kepong's \"Gallant Last Stand,\" in which he discusses police contributions to the fight against terrorism (Ayue Rejaluddin, 2015). During the incident of Bukit Kepong, Kampung Tui dispatched reinforcements as the battle raged through the neighboring areas. The 13 AP/HG (Auxiliary Police/Home Guard) escorted Ali Mustafa, the village chief of Kampung Tui, and his people. About a half-kilometer from the train station, the Communists rushed them. Communists used automatic weapons, which outgunned the villagers' rifles and shotguns, hence they prevailed in the battle The village's guards were killed by the attack. Although they only made it halfway, their presence eased the pressure on Bukit Kepong's troops, leading to a Communist retreat in general. Ali Mustafa gave the order for his guards to retreat, and the remaining defenders of the town were given the responsibility of guarding the town's perimeter. Once they burned fire to the 9

local office and robbed some stores, the Communists eventually retreated. It was at this same moment that a village guard group from Kampung Durian Chondong arrived in Bukit Kepong on their way to help. The Communists ambushed them along the route. Half of the seven peasants who were in the group survived and were able to make it to Lenga. They arrived at that area around 10 in the morning, which was also the time when the original report of the assault on the Bukit Kepong police station was made public and disclosed to the public. The fighting began at approximately 4:15 in the morning, when SC Jaffar confronted and shot a communist member who was attempting to cut a barbed-wire fence. They started launching attacks from all points, especially on the front. The police put up a significant fight, particularly from the position of the two Bren Guns that were placed in the fort that was built below the police station. Police officers, led by Sergeant Jamil, resisted the communists' calls to surrender, despite repeated requests from the rebellion. As a result of the ongoing attacks, some police officers have lost their lives. The wives of two police officers who were slain in the line of duty clashed after they discovered their husbands' deaths. A shift in strategy on the part of communist terrorists can be seen beginning around 7:00 in the morning. Mariam Ibrahim, the wife of Constable Mohammad Jaafar, Fatimah Yaaba, the wife of Constable Abu Bakar Daud, and her son Hassan were all detained by the police. When the communists compelled them to surrender, the police were called. Although the police employed a foul tactic, they were unaffected and continued their fight to the last end. As a direct consequence of this, communist terrorists managed to kill Fatimah while also injuring Mariam. Constable Abu Bakar Daud, Fatimah's husband, was hurt in the chest and hands while he was protecting his boat in the attack. 10

Figure 4: Boat Used by Bukit Kepong Police. Accession number: 1998/0009606W For more than four hours, the attackers had to fight their way through the police force before they could complete their depraved mission. The wives, inspired by their husbands' courage, joined the fight, and gave their lives. A young child who was found shivering among the dead police officers was tossed into the fire alive. At the very end of the major conflict, the communists set fires in both the barracks and the police station. The barracks were the setting for the horrific murder of two mothers and their children. At that moment just 3 cops and a village guard were still alive. 11

CHAPTER 3 : AFTER THE INCIDENT OF BUKIT KEPONG 12

After the incident, about 25 policemen including the families who lost during the incident were recorded dead. The Muslim people were buried nearby the Bukit Kepong. According to hmetro.com.my, all the tombs were covered to distinguish between the normal people and the lost from the Bukit Kepong incident. The people who were not lost from the Bukit Kepong incident were also buried there. To differentiate the tomb, the villagers cover the lusts tomb of Bukit Kepong to differentiate them from villagers. Nowadays, the tomb is being cared for by the villagers who live nearby it. The tomb was being cared for, which the villagers painted and cut the grass to keep the surrounding clean and clear. The surrounding which is clean shows that the villagers were working together to maintain the treasure that remind people with event that sacrifice them self in order to keep the safety of their motherland from colonizers. Figure 5: Tomb of policemen, villagers and families who lost during the Incident of Bukit Kepong Accession number 2001/0049511W 13

Around 7 a.m., the berek were held by communists and held Mariam Ibrahim as hostage in order to force the police to surrender. Mohammd Jaafar, his husband, did not give up and fought to the bitter end. Fatimah and her son Hassan also fought and died in the end while defending the police station with others. Meanwhile, her husband was in charge of steering the boat down the Muar River. Constable Abu Bakar Daud was in charge of the boat. When he was fighting with the communists, Constable Abu Bakar Daud was shot in the chest. As he defended the boat, he was shot in the chest and hand. The boat was one way to get the information to the nearest villager. The communists burned down the entire police station near the end of the conflict. Three (3) police officers and the villagers survived. They were able to shoot at least three (3) communists on their way out of the police station. Figure 6: The boat which burn after the incident Accession number 1998/0009603W 14

Tun Hussein Onn whom the minister of Johore at that time came to visit the police station site after the incident. Tun Husseion Onn with the person in charge and villagers look around the police station site to see effect after the incident that happened on 23rd February 1950. Nowadays, the police station site where empty even though have being rebuild the new building. The Galeri Darurat was built near the police station site. The Galeri Darurat was built next to it where it places many memories and information about an incident that happened to the police station on 23 February 1950. The Galeri Darurat also display raplica such as the weapons, and the picture. People who came and visit the Galeri Darurat will be able to gain new experience and felt the situation like in 1950. The Galeri Darurat includes most of the information from what happened in Bukit Kepong. People keep remembering the incident even though it already happened a long time ago. The Galeri Darurat could be a good place to learn and know what happened back then at the police station. The site was rebuilt because it can make sure the next generation would be able to know that actual situation that happened in 1950. Figure 7: Dato’ Onn Jaafar (Minister of Johor) visiting the police station site of Bukit Kepong Accession number 1998/0009608W 15

CHAPTER 4: BUKIT KEPONG POLICEMAN 16

As previously mentioned, around 25 police officers battled valiantly until one by one they were killed. There have been 17 police officers slain, as well as almost 40 communists. Witnesses estimate that roughly 200 communist terrorists from the Company The 4th independent were there who attacked was believed to be led by Muhammad Indera, a Communist Malays deceived by the Chinese communists, who was told at the start of his plan that the attack would only be a warning, but it turned out to be a terrible tragedy. It was also joined by Commissioner Goh Peng Tun. Half of the communists surrounded the police station from the front, while the rest surrounded the police station from all sides. Around 04.15 a.m., the fight began when Constable Jaffar bin Hassan confronted and killed a communist terrorist who was cutting the hall's barbed wire. The communists then launch an all-out assault, particularly from the front. They believed that the attack would surprise the police, but they are already encountering fierce resistance from the officers, particularly from the two-position Bren Guns stationed inside the fort underneath the Control Center. Despite communist demands, the police, commanded by Sgt Jamil Mohd Shah, refused to surrender, despite the fact that there were less of them. Under the command of chief Ali Mustaffa, the Auxiliary Police squad, together with a group of villagers armed with rifles and shotguns, were assembled in Kampong Jawa at 5 a.m. and proceeded to assist.They were attacked by communist terrorists charged with blocking any outside aid while assisting, and numerous villagers as well as communist terrorists were murdered in the conflict. The communists also destroyed both Sten Gun positions around this time. Mariam Ibrahim, the wife of Constable Mohamad Jaafar, was kidnapped by communist terrorists at 7 a.m. Mariam was allegedly forced to make a surrender appeal to the police by the communist group's commander, Mat Indera, but Jamil ignored her. Fatimah Yaaba and her son Hassan were recently detained and forced to contact the cops to surrender. Those who survived refused to give up and fought until the last end. Mariam was injured and Fatimah was slain when they refused to submit. Constable Abu Bakar Daud, Fatimah's husband, who worked as a boat driver on the Muar River, fought communist terrorists until he was shot in the chest and hand while defending his boat. 17

Below are photos of individuals and statements of policemen who survived and fell in the fight. Figure 8: Sarjan Jamil Bin Mohd Shah. Head of the Bukit Kepong Police Station Accession No.:1998/0009612W Figure 9: L/KPL Jidin B, Omar Accession No.:1998/0009619W 18

Figure 10: Yusof Bin Rono Accession No.:1998/0009623W Figure 11: Jaafar Bin Hassan Accession No.:1998/0009616W 19

Figure 12: Mohamad Jaafar Accession No.:1998/0009613W Figure 13: Othman Yusof Accession No.:1998/0009620W 20

Figure 14: Ibrahim Bin Adam Accession No.:1998/0009615W Figure 15: Abu Bakar Bin Daud Accession No.:1998/0009621W 21

Figure 16: Hassan bin Othman Accession No.:1998/0009617W Figure 17: Ahmad Bin Khalid Accession No.:1998/0009622W 22

Figure 18: Hamzah Bin Ahmad Accession No.:1998/0009614W Figure 19: Mohd. Yassin Bin Hj. Abdl Wahab Accession No.:1998/0009618W 23

Figure 20: The charred body of a policeman was burnt in the Bukit Kepong incident. Accession No.:1998/0009601W 24

CHAPTER 5: CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT ON BUKIT KEPONG 25

The Bukit Kepong Incident is one of the memorable incidents that happened in Malaysia's independent history. The heroic gestures of the policemen are really admired and appreciated by Malaysians. However, On 21st August 2011, a controversial remark regarding the Bukit Kepong Incident was made by a former deputy president of one of the Malaysia politic party, Mohamad Sabu or also known as Mat Sabu at Pusat Asuhan Tadika Islam (Pasti) Al Fahmi, Markas Tarbiyah PAS in Padang Menora, Tasek Gelugor, Penang (Bernama, 2017). In his speech based on a video on YouTube uploaded by “Aris Awang” (2011), Mat Sabu impliedly said that the policemen that were involved in the Bukit Kepong Incident are not the real ‘hero’. Moreover, he opined that the policemen are British police as they worked under the Malaysia colonizer at that time, which was British. The statement, nevertheless, has offended the heirs of the Bukit Kepong tragedy. In an interview from a newspaper (Waris Tragedi Bukit Kepong Tersinggung, 2011), Ismail Yahya who was a brother of one of the killed policemen, Allahyarham AP Othman Yahya said, his brother and the other policemen sincerely sacrificed for the country even though they were not being paid. In the other interview in The Sun Daily Newspaper (Bukit Kepong: Policeman’s Daughter Says Mat Sabu Is a Traitor, 2014), the daughter of Allahyarham Constable Jaafar Hassan also expressed her discontent towards Mat Sabu speech that she counted as an insult to her late father and the other policemen. After the controversial speech over the Bukit Kepong incident, Mat Sabu was charged for two criminal defamation (Bernama, 2017). Nonetheless, on 8th July 2015, he was acquitted of all charges as the prosecutor failed to prove the prima facie case (Bernama, 2015). 26

CONCLUSION To conclude, the incident of Bukit Kepong is considered to be a tragic defeat although it strengthened the Government and people’s resolve to fight the Communist insurgency. As we progressed as an independent nation 64 years on, the post-Merdeka generation often does not reflect how our forefathers went through many struggles to gain freedom. If we would ask those who survived the communist insurgency era, for example, they would have many stories of hardship, bravery, and resilience to share in living through life pre-independence. Understanding history helps us understand the world at large. History paints a detailed picture of how society, technology, and government worked in the past so that we can better understand how it works now. While world history might feel far away, studying history reveals how all events are connected. It also helps us determine how to approach the future, as it allows us to learn from our past mistakes. With OFA (Online Finding Aid), users can find specific information such as record groups, archival materials, series, or collections. OFA offers students and researchers to find information about historical events. OFA can be accessed on the internet for students without them having to visit the archive center physically. They can gain information about history by searching through the OFA website. 27

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS No. Identifier No. Archival Materials Description 1. 1998/0009610W Tapak balai polis bukit kepong yang dibakar oleh pengganas komunis 2. 1998/0009605W Sebahagian dari anggota polis bergambar ramai di anjong balai tidak lama sebelum serangan ke atas balai polis bukit kepong oleh komunis 3. 1998/0009627W Pandangan Belakang Balai Polis Bukit Kepong Hari Ini 4. 1998/0009606W Bot Yang Digunakan Oleh Anggota Polis Bukit Kepong 5. 1998/0009612W Potret Sarjan Jamil Bin Mohd. Shah (Ketua Polis Balai Bukit Kepong). 6. 1998/0009619W L/Kpl Jidin B. Omar Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong. 7. 1998/0009623W MM 7645 Yusof Bin Rono Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 8. 1998/0009616W MM 8680 Jaafar Bin Hassan Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 9. 1998/0009613W MM 7493 Mohamad Jaafar Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 10. 1998/0009620W MM Othman Yusof Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 11. 1998/0009615W MM 60 Ibrahim Bin Adam Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan 28

Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 12. 1998/0009621W MM Abu Bakar Bin Daud Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 13. 1998/0009617W MM 9136 Hassan Bin Othman Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 14. 1998/0009622W MM Ahmad Bin Khalid Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 15. 1998/0009614W MM 3922 Hamzah Bin Ahmad Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 16. 1998/0009618W KPL 7068 Mohd. Yassin Bin Hj. Abdl Wahab Anggota Polis Yang Mempertahankan Balai Polis Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong 17. 1998/0009601W Mayat Anggota Polis Hangus Terbakar Dalam Peristiwa Bukit Kepong Yang Diserang Komunis Pada 23 Februari 1950 18 1998/0009603W The boat which burn after the incident of Bukit Kepong. 19. 1998/0009608W Dato’ Onn Jaafar (Minister of Johor) visiting the police station site of Bukit Kepong. 20. 2001/0049511W Tomb of policemen, villagers and families who lost during The Incident of Bukit Kepong. 29

LIST OF FIGURES No. Figure Name Page 5 1. Bukit Kepong police station site burned by communist terrorist 6 2. Some police pictures at Anjong Balai not long before the attack on 9 bukit kepong police station by communists 11 3. View of Bukit Kepong Police Station Today 13 4. Boat Used by Bukit Kepong Police 5. Tomb of policemen, villagers and families who lost during the Incident 14 15 of Bukit Kepong 6. The boat which burn after the incident 18 7. Dato’ Onn Jaafar (Minister of Johor) visiting the police station site of 18 19 Bukit Kepong 19 8. Sarjan Jamil Bin Mohd Shah. Head of the Bukit Kepong Police Station 20 9. L/KPL Jidin B, Omar 20 10. Yusof Bin Rono 21 11. Jaafar Bin Hassan 21 12. Mohamad Jaafar 13. Othman Yusof 14. Ibrahim Bin Adam 15. Abu Bakar Bin Daud 30

16. Hassan bin Othman 22 17. Ahmad Bin Khalid 22 18. Hamzah Bin Ahmad 23 19. Mohd. Yassin Bin Hj. Abdl Wahab 23 20. The charred body of a policeman was burnt in the Bukit Kepong 24 incident 31

INDEXES A Ammunition, 6 Automatic weapons, 5, 9 Auxiliary police, 6, 17 B Boat, 10, 14, 17 Bren Guns, 10, 17 British, 26 Bruan Stewart, 9 G Galeri Darurat, 15 H Hero, 26 Hill kepong, 5 K Kampung Tui, 9 L Lenga, 5,10 M Malayan Communist Party, 3 Muar River, 5, 17 T Tombs, 13 V Villagers, 9, 13, 14, 17 32

APA REFERENCES Aris Awang. (2011, August 28). Sejarah Bukit Kepong versi MSabu.mpg [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/hwTbJ-D1OnQ Ayue Rejaluddin. (2015, February 24). 65 Tahun | Tragedi Bukit Kepong. Cherita AyueRejaluddin. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://www.ayuerejaluddin.com/2015/02/65-tahun-tragedi-bukit-kepong.html Aenid Abdullah. (2017, November 30). Nama-Nama Hebat Dalam Lipatan Sejarah PDRM. Retrieved from https://www.thepatriots.asia/nama-nama-hebat-dalam-lipatan-sejarah- pdrm/ Bernama. (2015, July 8). Mat Sabu lepas dan bebas daripada tuduhan isu komunis Bukit Kepong. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/mat-sabu-lepas-dan-bebas- daripada-tuduhan-isu-komunis-bukit-kepong-65141 Bernama. (2017, October 19). Mat Sabu cleared of Bukit Kepong criminal defamation charges. Malaysiakini. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/398775 Bukit Kepong: Policeman’s daughter says Mat Sabu is a traitor. (2014, December 14). Www.Thesundaily.My. https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/1266545-GRARCH285647 Bukit Kepong Incident. (n.d.). Military Wiki. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Bukit_Kepong_Incident#Chronology Bukit Kepong 55K. (2022, June 9). If you do not know, Bukit Kepong Johor, is a historical small village where the “Bukit Kepong Incident” took place. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/BK55K/photos/a.461355410711439/468004180046562/?__tn __=%2CO*F Elly Fazaniza. (2021, March 8). Bukit Kepong incident still fresh on his mind. TheSunDaily. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://www.thesundaily.my/home/bukit- kepong-incident-still-fresh-on-his-mind-BF8153636 PeKhabar. (2018, March 17). Peristiwa Bukit Kepong. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://pekhabar.com/h-i-d-s-peristiwa-bukit-kepong/ 33

Polis Diraja Malaysia. (2021, August 3). #BiarJasaJadiKenangan keratan akhbar pilihan: Bukit Kepong incident still fresh on his mind. Portal Rasmi Polis Diraja Malaysia. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://www.rmp.gov.my/news-detail/2021/08/03/biarjasajadikenangan-keratan-akhbar- pilihan-bukit-kepong-incident-still-fresh-on-his-mind Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. (2012, Jan 27). Peristiwa bukit kepong. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120127082809/http://www.ukm.my/knam/data/Peristiwa_ Bukit_Kepong.pdf S. (n.d.). GALERI DARURAT BUKIT KEPONG. kgrajajpk.com. Retrieved June 22, 2022, from http://kgraja.pjk.com.my/index.php/warga-pi1m/sosio-ekonomi/pelancongan/143-galeri- darurat-bukit-kepong Tunku Abdul Aziz. (2015, June 29). Remember Bukit Kepong. News Straits Times. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/remember-bukit- kepong Vat 69-Perjuangan Semalam. (2012,October 27). Sejarah dan Peristiwa Bukit Kepong. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/VAT-69-Perjuangan-Semalam- 403142033068693/photos/sejarah-dan-peristiwa-bukit-kepongperistiwa-balai-polis-bukit- kepong-adalah-keja/427926463923583 . Waris tragedi Bukit Kepong tersinggung. (2011, August 27). Utusan Online. https://web.archive.org/web/20180813112624/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp ?y=2011&dt=0828&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Dalam_Negeri&pg=d n_06.htm 34