Body systems flipbook

Body systems flipbook Madi justice

Integumentary system Diseases: athletes foot- fungal infection on skin between toes Key words: onych/o- nail Ulcers- open sore on surface on body skin cancer- abnormal growth of skin cells derm/o- skin myc/o- fungus Rosacea- a condition in which certain facial blood vessels enlarge kerat/o-cornea pil/o- hair Careers: Dermatologist- diagnoses and treats skin disorders xer/o- dry lip/o- fatty, lipid Plastic surgeon- surgeon who reconstructs tissue and repairs parts of the body xanth/o- yellow rhytid/o- sebum erythr/o- red albin/o- white pedicu/o- fingernail or toenail

Integumentary system cont. Vocab words: Subcutaneous layer- bottom layer of skin Skin- outer covering tissue layer of body Eczema- medical condition where skin is Hair- threadlike strands growing from skin dry, rough, and inflamed Nails- plate at tip of fingers and toes Acne- inflamed or infected skin, clogging hair follicles Keratin- fibrous protein forming the main structure of hair Function: protects the body, retains Dermis- layer of skin below epidermis,containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles fluids, eliminate waste, and regulate body temperature Epidermis- outer layer of skin Sweat glands- glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermis

Musculoskeletal system Diseases: Muscular dystrophy- progessive weakening of the muscles Key terms arthr/o- joint Fibromyalgia-widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and my/o- muscle -plegia- stroke/ tenderness in localized areas. paralysis myel/o- bone marrow/spinal kinesi/o- motion Tetanus- bacterial diseases causing muscle spasms cord Myasthenia- condition causing abnormal muscle weakness oste/o- bone Careers: cost/o- ribs Physical therapist- help patients restore ability to move after crani/- cranium injury -pexy- surgical fixation Athletic trainer- helps prevent and treat sports related injuries chondr/o- cartilage Structure:

Musculoskeletal system cont. Vocab words Joint- point where bones connect Tendon- connective tissue that connects a muscle Smooth muscle- tissue that makes up the to a bone muscle found in internal organs Muscle fiber- single cell of a muscle Skeletal muscle- muscle tissue attached to bones Cardiac muscle- forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood Bicep- muscle at the front of upper arm Flexion- decreasing angle of a joint Function- system responsible for Extension- increasing angle of a joint mobility, stability, posture, circulation, digestion, and muscle Fascia- fibrous membrane covering supporting contractions which allow the body to and separating muscles carry out functions

Nervous system Diseases: Key terms: Alzheimer's disease- progessive degeneration of the brain neur/o- nerve encephal/o- brain Epilepsy- neurological disorder causing sudden myel/o- bone marrow/ spinal episodes of sensory disturbance and loss of cord consciousness ambul/o- to walk -esthesia- nervous sensation bell's palsy- paralysis of facial nerve mening/o- meninges psych/o- the mind parkinson's disease- disease of nervous system concuss/o- shaken/ agitated causing tremors, slow movement, and muscle rigidity Careers: Neurological surgeon- a surgeon who specializes in the brain and nerves Neurologist- a doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system

Nervous system cont. Cranial nerves- twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain Vocab words dura mater- thick, outermost layer of the meninges Neuron- cells that conduct messages by nerve efferent nerve- carries messages away from the impulses from one part of the body to another brain and spinal cord Axon- neuron process that carries impulses cell body- part of a nerve cell that contains the away from the nerve cell body nucleus Dendrites- Receives information from other cerebrospinal fluid- circulates throughout the brain nerve cells and transports it to the soma. and spinal cord Brainstem- part of the brain that connects the Function: cerebrum with the spinal cord Cerebellum- part of the brain that coordinates The nervous system is in charge of sensory functions, muscle movements and maintains balance responses, and motor functions

Special senses Diseases: Key terms: Ptosis- when the upper eyelid droops over they eye, covering the pupil irid/o- iris -cusis- hearing Glaucoma- eye conditions that damage the optic nerve -opia- defects of the eye caused by high pressure in the eye ot/o- ear tympan/o- eardrum Cataracts- when the lense of the eye becomes opaque, opthalm/o- eye causing blurry vision -metry- process of measuring Deafness- having impaired or no hearing Careers: Optometry- profession of examining and treating the eyes Otolaryngology- medical speciality focused on treating ears, nose, and throat

Special senses cont. Touch receptors- sensory neuron that are located in the skin and have endings that respond to stimulation. Vocab words: Iris- the pigmented, involuntary muscle that acts as Eyelids- protects the eyes anteriorly the diaphragm of the eye Canthus- corners of the eye Pupil- an opening in the center of the iris where light enters the eye Fibrous layer- outermost layer of the eyeball Function: Eardrum- membrane of middle ear The Eyes Translate Light into Image Signals for the Brain to Process Frenulum- fold of skin that connects inferior surTfhaecEear Uses Bones and Fluid to Transform Sound Waves into Sound Signals to floor of mouth Specialized Receptors in the skin send Touch Signals to the Brain submandibular gland- produces saliva The tongue is used for chewing and swallowing food, as well as for speech Nostril- openings of the nose to allow air The nose serves the sense of smell and passageway for the respiratory tract to provide air

Cardiovascular Diseases: system Arrhythmias- abnormal heart rhythm Key terms: leuk/o- white Coronary artery disease- narrowing of the arteries cardi/o- heart erythr/o- red Angina- inadequate blood supply to the heart arteri/o- artery causing pains angi/o- vessel/blood Congenital heart disease- problem with the hem/o, hemat/o- blood structure of the heart, a birth defect Brady- slow Careers: Tachy- fast Cardiac nurse- nurses who specialize in dealing with heart conditions thromb/o- blood clot Cardiologist- a doctor who studies and treats -emia- blood specidically heart diseases and abnormalities

Cardiovascular system cont Valve- structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so Vocab words: that blood flows in only one direction Aorta- largest artery in the body Ventricle- the lower discharging chambers of the heart Artery- carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body Atria- the upper receiving chambers of the heart Capillary- smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through capillary walls Veins- vessels that carry blood away toward the heart Myocardium- middle layer of the heart Function: Pulmonary artery- artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs Maintain blood flow and circulate oxygen throughout the body Pulse- beat of the heart

Respiratory system Diseases: Key terms: thorac/o- chest Asthma-spasms in the bronchi, causing difficulty breathing bronch/o- bronchus trache/o- trachea Pneumonia- lung inflammation caused by viral infection cyan/o- blue Cystic fibrosis- condition causing production of thick mucus, clogging parts of the lungs laryng/o- voice box/ larynx Lung cancer- growth of abnormal cells in the lungs -oxia- oxygen Careers: Oxy- additional oxygen Registered respiratory therapist- diagnose and treat lung pleur/o- rib and breathing disorders pneum/o- lungs neonatal respiratory care specialist- respond to infants defects and respiratory assistance with newborns pulmon/o- lungs

Respiratory system cont Pharynx- the throat Thyroid- Aka Adam's apple; one of the largest Vocab words: cartilages of the larynx Larynx- The voice box that contains the vocal cords. Bronchial tree- branched airways leading from the trachea to the air sacs in the lungs Trachea- the windpipe Lungs- Soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs in the Bronchi- The larger air passages of the lungs branching thoracic cavity allowing for breathing out from the trachea. Alveoli- Clusters of air sacs at the end of the bronchial Function: tree. System in charge of breathing, absorbing oxygen to the Diaphragm- Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. blood and organs, cleansing waste gases from blood and organs. Nose- airway for oxygen

Digestive system Key terms: Diseases: cholecyst/o- gallbladder Hemorrhoids- swollen veins in your rectum, causing pain enter/o- intestine col/o- colon Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- when acidic stomach juices hepat/o- liver back up from the esophagus into the esophagus gastr/o- stomach Ulcers- sores on the lining of your intestines irritable bowel syndrome- repeated abdominal pain and movement in your bowels or/o- mouth Careers: -pepsia- digestion Gastroenterologist- physician who specializes in diseases of chol/e- bile the digestive system proct/o- anus Proctologist- physician who specializes in the rectum and anus

Digestive system cont Anus- A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body Vocab words: Chyme- Liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from Esophagus- muscular tube that moves food from the stomach into the small intestine. the pharynx to the stomach Small intestine- where most of the end absorption of nutrients Pancreas- produces digestive enzymes as well as and minerals from food takes place. insulin and glucagon Liver- organ that makes bile to break down fats; Cecum- First part of the large intestine where appendix is also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood attached. Bile- secreted into the small intestine when fats are present, Gallbladder- a muscular sac attached to the liver and serves to emulsify the fats for better digestion. that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion Function: Large intestine- where water is absorbed from The digestive system takes food and turns it into nutrients, food and the remaining material is eliminated breaking it down. It allows the body to function, grow, and from the body repair itself.

Key tUermrsi:nary system Diseases: -cele- hernia/tumor Bladder cancer- form of cancer on the lining of the bladder -lysis- breakdown causing blood in urine and pain cyst/o- bladder nephr/o- kidney Kidney stones- a hard pass formed in the kidneys ren/o- kidney -uria- urination Benign prostatic hyperplasia- enlargement of the prostate -pexy- fixation -ectasis- dilation Interstitial cystitis- chronic inflammation of the bladder pyel/o- renal pelvis Careers: Urologist- provides medical and surgical treatments for urinary tract disorders Nephrologist- specializes in diseases and conditions of the kidney

Urinary system cont Urethra- The function of this is to pass sperm and urine Vocab words: Nephron- structure that filters the blood into urine Ureters- The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to within the kidney the bladder. Renal vein- Vessel that carry deoxygenated blood Hilum- Depression in an organ where blood vessels and away from the kidney and into the renal inter vena enter and leave. cava Kidney- filters wastes from the bloodstream to form Urinary bladder- hollow, muscular sac that holds and urine. stores urine. Renal pelvis- Central collection region in the kidney Function: Renal tubules- tubes in the kidney where urine is formed The urinary system is responsible for production, after filtration storage, and elimination of urine Urea- major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.