ch 1-6 Aviation Safety Management System

Chapter 1 Introduction to aviation safetyInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 1Technology, RMUTTO

1.1 Introduction• Traditional approach– Identify : What, Who, and When– But not : Why and HowInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 2Technology, RMUTTO

• The evolution of safety thinkingInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 3Technology, RMUTTO

1.2 Concept of aviation safety• Safety first– Misconcepts of safetyI. Focus only safetyII. So, operators don’t care what are they doingInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 4Technology, RMUTTO

– Fact of safety I. Objectives of aviation are not set for safety II. But set for operation completely with safety in addition with revenue and profit for company III. By role of safety is set for support mission of aviationInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 5Technology, RMUTTO

• Blood Priority – When accident has occurred with fatal, people will concern to fixed and find prevention of accident – “if it not broken, don’t fix its yet ”Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 6Technology, RMUTTO

• The Randomness of damage and injury• Concept of changeInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 7Technology, RMUTTO

• Zero Accident Rate – Accident rate never equal to zero, but only close to zero – We can learn from the past to prevent accident in the futureInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 8Technology, RMUTTO

• Know Precedent – Cause of accident is still cause of accident• Safety and ManagementInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 9Technology, RMUTTO

1.3 Aviation safety hazards• Foreign object debris (FOD)• Misleading information and lack of information• Bird strikeInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 10Technology, RMUTTO

• Human factor• Runway safety• Lightning, Ice, Snow, Rain• FireInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 11Technology, RMUTTO

1.4 Accident causationInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 12Technology, RMUTTO

Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 13Technology, RMUTTO

Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 14Technology, RMUTTO

1.5 Related theory/model in aviation safety• Domino theoryInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 15Technology, RMUTTO

• Reason's swiss cheese modelInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 16Technology, RMUTTO

• SHELL modelInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 17Technology, RMUTTO

• Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 18Technology, RMUTTO

1.6 Management dilemmaInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 19Technology, RMUTTO

Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 20Technology, RMUTTO

Institute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 21Technology, RMUTTO

1.7 Strategies for safetyInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 22Technology, RMUTTO

1.8 The economic of aviation safety• Direct cost – Cost of insurance (If accidents are not occur, premium cost will reduce) – Repaired costInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 23Technology, RMUTTO

• Indirect cost – Stand around cost (salary must be paid for employee even if they are not come to work) I. Such as if aircraft get accident company will loss income but their have to pay salaryInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 24Technology, RMUTTO

– Investigation cost– Training new crews/staffsInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 25Technology, RMUTTO

• Loss reputationInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 26Technology, RMUTTO

Assignment• Paired assignment – What is safety and security, and how its different? – Which method of safety strategies would you select if you were a safety managerInstitute of Aviation Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 27Technology, RMUTTO

Chapter 2 Annex related safetyInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 28

2.1 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)• The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on International Civil Aviation, drawn up by a conference in Chicago in November and December 1944• This Convention is also known as the Chicago Convention. In October 1947,• ICAO became a specialized agency of the newly-established United Nations (UN)Institute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 29

2.2 How ICAO Works• According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization is made up of an Assembly• The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States (191 countries in 2016)• It meets every three years, reviewing in detail the work of theOrganization and setting policy for the coming years. It alsovotes a triennial budgetInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 30

2.3 ICAO’s responsibilities• Safety • Fair competition• Registration • Standardization• Airworthiness • Aviation Law• Prevention of economic wasteInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 31

2.4 ICAO’s Annexes• The Convention is supported by nineteen annexes containing standards and recommended practices (SARPs)1. Annex 1 – Personnel Licensing **2. Annex 2 – Rules of the Air3. Annex 3 – Meteorological Service for International Air NavigationInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 32

4. Annex 4 – Aeronautical Charts5. Annex 5 – Units of Measurement to be used in Air and Ground Operations6. Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft **7. Annex 7 – Aircraft Nationality and Registration MarksInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 33

8. Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft **9. Annex 9 – Facilitation10. Annex 10 – Aeronautical Telecommunications11. Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services **Institute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 34

12. Annex 12 – Search and Rescue13. Annex 13 – Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation **14. Annex 14 – Aerodromes **15. Annex 15 – Aeronautical Information ServicesInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 35

16. Annex 16 – Environmental Protection17. Annex 17 – Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference18. Annex 18 – The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air19. Annex 19 – Safety Management *****Institute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 36

Annex 1 – Personnel Licensing• Authority to act as a flight crew member – A person shall not act as a flight crew member of an aircraft unless a valid license is held showing compliance with the specifications of this Annex and appropriate to the duties to be performed by that personInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 37

– The license shall have been issued by the State of Registry of that aircraft or by any other Contracting State and rendered valid by the State of Registry of that aircraftInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 38

Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft• Compliance with laws, regulations and procedures – An operator shall ensure that all employees know that they must comply with the laws, regulations and procedures of those States in which operations are conductedInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 39

– Responsibility for operational control shall be delegated only to the pilot-in-command and to a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher– if an operator’s approved method of control and supervision of flight operations requires the use of flight operations officer/flight dispatcher personnelInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 40

Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft• Type of certification – Design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirementsInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 41

– Proof of compliance with the appropriate airworthiness requirementsInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 42

Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services• Objectives of the air traffic services – prevent collisions between aircraft – prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that areaInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 43

– expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic– provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flightsInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 44

– notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.– Emergency phaseI. Uncertain phaseII. Alert phaseIII. Distress phaseInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 45

Annex 13 – Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation• Responsibility of the state of occurrence – The state of registry – The state of the operator – The state of designInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 46

– the State of Manufacture; and– the International Civil Aviation Organization, when the aircraft involved is of a maximum mass of over 2,250 kg or is a turbojet-powered aeroplaned• However, when the State of occurrence is not aware of a serious incident, the State of Registry or the State of the Operator, as appropriate, shall forward a notification of such an incident to the State of Design, the State of Manufacture and the State of OccurrenceInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 47

Annex 14 – Aerodrome• Aerodrome emergency planning – An aerodrome emergency plan shall be appropriate with the aircraft operations and activities conducted at the aerodromeInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 48

– The aerodrome emergency plan shall provide for the coordination of the actions in an emergency occurring at an aerodrome or in its vicinity– The plan shall coordinate the response or participation of all existing agencies which, in the opinion of the appropriate authorityInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 49

Annex 19 – Safety• Accident– A person is fatally or seriously injured– the aircraft damages or structural failure– the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessibleInstitute of Aviation Technology, RMUTTO Boonyawat Aksornkitti, lecturer 50