CONTENT 1 Vision and Mission 1-2 2 愿景和使命 3-4 3 5-8 4 Introduction 9 5 简介 10 11 5.1 Laboratory Members 12 5.2 实验室成员 13 5.3 14 5.4 Honors Received by Laboratory Members 15-16 5.5 实验室成员所获荣誉 17-18 5.6 Selected Research Activities 19 5.7 重点研究活动 20 5.8 Wideband Low-Profile Reconfigurable Transmitarray 21-22 5.9 宽带薄型可重构发射阵列 23-24 5.10 Dielectric Resonator Antennas 25-26 5.11 介质谐振天线 27 5.12 Discrete Passive and Active Discrete Metasurfaces for Imaging and Communication 28 5.13 用于成像和通信的离散无源和有源离散超表面 29 5.14 Wide Impedance- and Gain-Bandwidth THz On-Chip Antenna 30 5.15 宽阻抗和增益带宽的太赫兹片上天线 31-32 5.16 THz Coding Metasurfaces 太赫兹编码超表面 Two-Dimensional (2D) Beam-Scanning THz Bessel Launcher 二维（2D）波束扫描太赫兹贝塞尔发射器 High-Gain Low-Profile Si-Imprinted THz Gaussian Beam Antenna 高增益、低剖面的Si-Imprinted THz高斯光束天线 Silicon-Based Folded Reflectarray Operating at 1 THz 1 THz 的硅基折叠反射阵列 Two-Dimensional Scalable THz Radiator Arrays 二维可扩展的太赫兹辐射器阵列 THz Imaging Using Orthogonal-Polarization Measurements 利用正交偏振测量进行太赫兹成像 Waveguide Amplifier 波导放大器 Integrated Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Modulator Operating at 300 GHz 300GHz的集成铌酸锂电光调制器 Random Photonic Microwave Signal Generation by Laser Dynamics 基于激光器动力学的随机光子微波信号生成 Terahertz/Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Wireless Networks 太赫兹/毫米波混合无线网络 Nano-Theranostic System 纳米阻断系统 Artificial Visual System of Record-Low Energy Consumption for Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) 超低耗能的人工视觉系统促进新一代人工智能发展
5.17 High Throughput Platform for the Investigation of Millimeter-Wave Influence on the 33-34 Neural System of Zebrafish Larvae 35-36 5.18 毫米波对斑马鱼幼体神经系统影响的高通量研究平台 37 Design of Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes as Biomolecular Probes 38 5.19 发光的过渡金属复合物设计用作生物分子探针 39 40 5.20 Biomedical Devices and Microsystems with Integrated Sensors and Processing Units 41-42 具有集成传感器和处理单元的生物医学设备和微系统 43 6 7 Biomimetic Platforms to Control and Separate Cells and Biomolecules 8 控制和分离细胞和生物分子的仿生平台 9 Core Research Facilities 核心研究设备 Publications and Patents 论文和专利 Student Achievements 学生成就 Laboratory Contact 实验室联系方式
VISION & MISSION Ქૂֵળ Vision The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves (City University of Hong Kong) aspires to be a leading labora- tory of its kind in the world. Ქ འ䎡ޯૂ∡㊩⌘ളᇬ䠃⛯ᇔ僂ᇚδ俏⑥คᐸཝᆜεᘍᡆѰь⮂рੂ㺂ѣⲺ亼ݾ㘻Ⱦ Mission The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves (City University of Hong Kong) seeks to be a recognized leader nationally and internationally in terahertz and millimeter-wave research. The laboratory is committed to: • Build a world-class laboratory with facilities for modeling, fabrication and testing of millimeter-wave and terahertz; • Recruit and nurture young talents for the advancement and applications of millimeter-wave and terahertz technol- ogies; • Conduct high-impact research and promote interdisciplinary research; • Engage with government departments, public bodies, industry, trade associations, universities and other research institutes to promote knowledge transfer for the benefit of the society. ֵળ འ䎡ޯૂ∡㊩⌘ളᇬ䠃⛯ᇔ僂ᇚδ俏⑥คᐸཝᆜεщ⌞ӄའ䎡ޯૂ∡㊩⌘⹊ガθ㠪࣑ᡆѰളཌ䇚ਥⲺ亼ሲ㘻 Ⱦᇔ僂ᇚ㠪࣑ӄφ 㓺ᔰжѠ䞃༽ᇂ∡㊩⌘ૂའ䎡ޯ䇴༽ԛ⭞ӄ⁗ᔰȽ䙖⎁䈋Ⲻь⮂㓝ᇔ僂ᇚȾ Ѱ∡㊩⌘ૂའ䎡ޯᢶᵥⲺਇኋૂᓊ⭞ฯޱ䶈ᒪӰᢃȾ ᔶኋޭࢃⷱᙝⲺ⹊ガૂ䘑䐞ᆜ〇⹊ガᐛ֒Ⱦ ф᭵ᓒȽާޢᵰᶺȽᐛѐ⮂ȽཝᆜૂެԌ⹊ガᡶਾ֒ԛ䘑⸛䇼䖢〱θᵃࣗ⽴ՐȾ 1
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INTRODUCTION ㆶԁ With the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology, our State Key Laboratory has been renamed to the State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves (SKLTMW) since September 2018. Our predecessor, the State Key Labora- tory of Millimeter Waves (SKLMW), Partner Laboratory in the City University of Hong Kong, was established in March 2008 partnering with the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves at Southeast University in Nanjing. City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has a long Materials, devices and design methodologies developed history of excellence in applied electromagnetic for microwave and millimeter-wave regime are not appli- UHVHDUFK VLQFH WKH ·V ZKHQ 3URIHVVRU .DL cable to THz. Materials and devices for THz are either Fong Lee, founding head of Department of Elec- not readily available or their properties are not well under- tronic Engineering (now Electrical Engineering) stood yet at the current stage. In addition, THz waves are recruited Professor Kwai Man Luk and Professor non-ionizing and they are suitable for bioimaging and Edward Kai Ning Yung to form a 3-person antenna non-destructive testing. On the other hand, there are research group. Professor Lee is the Dean Emeri- reports saying that exposure to THz radiation can cause tus of School of Engineering at the University of conformable changes in protein molecules and low doses Mississippi and was the awardee of the 2009 IEEE of THz radiation can stimulate cellular proliferation. Antennas and Propagation Society John Daniel Therefore, in addition to electrical engineers, we have Kraus Antenna Award. Professor Luk received the material scientists, chemists and biologists joining our same pr es t igious a w a rd i n 2 0 1 7 . To g e th e r w i th laboratory to conduct interdisciplinary research on THz the addition of the late Professor Kenneth K. Mei science and applications. in 1994, who had a distinguished 32-year career at the University of California at Berkeley and was Professor Chi Hou Chan, director of SKLTMW and a the winner of the 2009 IEEE Electromagnetics recipient of the 2019 Antennas and Propagation Society Award, the CityU research team rapidly rose to Harrington-Mittra Computational Electromagnetics international fame. Award, is currently leading a multidisciplinary team in carrying out a Theme-Based Research Scheme project Professor Luk was the inaugural director of SKLMW. funded by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council on Under his leadership, the research scope of the laborato- the research and development of a compact THz system ry expanded from microwave and millimeter-wave circuit for imaging and spectroscopy. We have already made designs, antenna technologies, and computational tremendous progress in THz antennas, imaging, and electromagnetics into micro- and nano-fabrications, source generation and detection. Our cohesive team of microwave photonics, digital and mobile communications, engineers, biologists, chemists and material scientists multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technologies, would allow us to implement our long-term strategies and sensor networks, nano/micro-electromechanical systems making the lab a leading research center on the research (NEMS/MEMS), and system integrations. More impor- and development of millimeter-wave and THz technolo- tantly, we started building up our research infrastructure gies for 5G, 6G and beyond. for terahertz (THz) science and technology in 2011 at the suggestion of our Advisory Committee. 3
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LABORATORY MEMBER ᇔ僂ᇚᡆ ADVISORY COMMITTEE | ᆜᵥညՐ Quasi-Optical Waveguide Systems Software-Defined Devices CHAIRMAN ǂଌ Substrate Integrated Circuits(SICs) Professor Ke WU Theory and Simulation of Material Properties ఐኝ͵౷ Theory of Advanced materials: Photonic Crystals, Metamaterials and Nano-materials MEMBER Antennas and RF Professor Che Ting CHAN Applied Electromagnetics ॄŔᎽ͵౷ Antennas and RF Technologies Professor Zhi Ning CHEN Microwave Integrated Circuit ॄՠ͵ݶ౷ Mobile Communications Professor Wei HONG Microwave and Antenna ᆤୁ͵౷ Optical Fiber Communication Dr. Keren LI Free Electron Laser ߢĻĉ͵౷ Optics Plasma Electronics Professor Shenggang LIU Relativistic Electronics ዝ͵౷ Electromagnetic Theory Professor Jun Fa MAO RF and Microwave Circuits Ւєş͵౷ Signal Integrity of High-Speed Integrated Circuits Professor Edwin Yue Bun PUN ᅓᔐᛔ͵౷ Integrated Optics Photonics Technology Chair Professor of Nano Photonics Electrical engineering Plasmonics Metasurfaces and Metamaterials Professor Lei ZHU ͵౷ RF and Microwave Engineering Antenna Technology Applied Electromagnetics 5
DIRECTOR Antenna Computational Electromagnetics Professor Chi Hou CHAN* Terahertz Components and Systems ॄՠ৾͵౷ Chair Professor of Electronic Engineering DEPUTY DIRECTOR Antennas Millimeter Wave Technologies Dr Hang WONG Implant Communications ֆೠࣟ͵౷ Applied Electromagnetics Associate Professor Department of Small Antenna Electrical Engineering Antenna Measurements Satellite Communications MEMBERS Professor Stella W. PANG Professor Kwai Man LUK*# ᒡஒැ͵౷ ۣހNJ͵౷ Chair Professor of Electronic Engineering Chair Professor of Electronic Engineering Nanofabrication Technology Antenna Design Nanoimprint Applied Electromagnetics Biomedical, Microelectronic, Optical, and Microwave and Antenna Measurement Microelectromechanical Devices & Microsystems Microstrip Antennas, Dielectric Resonator Antennas Computational Electromagnetics Prof Din-ping TSAI ოǭː͵౷ Professor Kwok Wa LEUNG Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering ඪŚϾ͵౷ CPrhoafeisrsPor oofeDsespoartmofenEtleofcEtrleocntriocnEicnEgnignineeeerriingg Meta-devices Nano-photonics Antenna Theory and Design Advanced Micro / Nano Fabrication and Design Computational Electromagnetics (Guided Wave Theory, Mobile Communications) * Concurrent member of SKLTMW Advisory Committee # Founding Director 6
MEMBERS Professor Johnny Chung Yin HO ̜᠘န͵౷ Professor Nelson Sze Chun CHAN Professor of Department of Materials Science ॄႶ͵౷ and Engineering Professor of Department of Electrical Engineering Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconductor Nano-Materials Microwave Photonics Large-Scale and Heterogeneous Integration of Nonlinear Laser Dynamics Nano-Materials for Flexible and High-Performance Semiconductor Lasers Electronics, Optoelectronics and Energy-Harvesting Optical chaos generation, radio-over-fiber, and photonic microwave generation Dr Rosa Ho Man CHAN ॄᬈઽࣟ͵౷ Professor Kenneth Kam Wing LO Associate Professor of Department of Electrical ࡘદ͵౷ Engineering Professor of Department of Chemistry Computational Neuroscience Neural Prosthesis Bioconjugation Brain-Computer Interface Biomolecular probes Bio-Signal Processing Imaging reagents Inorganic photochemistry Dr Chun Yuen WONG Photo(cytotoxic) agents ֆᨋࣟ͵౷ Dr Yun Wah LAM Associate Professor of Department of Chemistry ڄϾࣟ͵౷ Associate Professor of Department of Chemistry Synthesis and Application of Nano Materials Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Proteomics Spectroscopy Drug Delivery Dr Young Jin CHUN Cosmetic Formulations Assistant Professor of Department of Electrical Dr Cheng WANG Engineering ᥱՎȗ͵౷ Assistant Professor of Department of Electrical Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Hybrid Network Engineering Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) assisted Wireless Networks Mobile Edge Computing assisted IoT Network Nanofabrication Technology Characterization of Localization Algorithms over 5G wireless Photonic Integrated Circuits networks Optical Communications Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Photonics Dr Alex Man Hon WONG Nonlinear Optics NJᙸՎȗ͵౷ Assistant Professor of Department of Electrical Dr Chaoqiang JIANG Engineering ե࠷˓Վȗ͵౷ Assistant Professor of Department of Electrical Metasurfaces Engineering Metamaterials Applied Electromagnetics Electric Vehicle Technologies, Antennas Power Electronics, Microwave and RF Systems Wireless Power Transfer, Super-Resolution Imaging Power Converters Superoscillation 170
OTHER INSTITUTIONS Electromagnetics Computational Electromagnetics Dr Lijun JIANG EMC/EMI Ӑєࣟ͵౷ IC Signal and Power Integrity Associate Professor of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Multiphysics Characterization for The University of Hong Kong Metamaterials and Nano Devices Metamaterial Inspired Antenna Technology Material Engineering Professor Jensen Tsan Hang LI Electromagnetic and Acoustic Metamaterials ߢ͵౷ Photonic Crystals Professor of Department of Physics Transformation Optics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Professor Shi-Wei QU Reflective Antenna Array ିșୁ͵౷ 0GY%CXKV[$CEMGF#PVGPPC Professor of School of Electronic Engineering -CDCPF%KTEWNCT[2QNCTK\\GF#PVGPPC University of Electronic Science and Technology of China )*\\9KTGNGUU%QOOWPKECVKQP %CXKV[$CEMGF#PVGPPC Professor Kin-Fai (Kenneth) Tong ࡿӚโ͵౷ Fluid Antennas Professor of Antennas and Applied Electromagnetics Surface Wave Communication in University College London Millimetre-wave bands Novel Antenna Realisation Techniques Long range IoT network for Environment Monitoring 8
HONORS RECEIVED BY LABORATORY MEMBERS ᇔ僂ᇚᡆᡶ㧭㦙䂿 Year Award Awardee(s) 2020 Croucher Innovation Award Dr Cheng WANG 2020 Nano Research Top Papers Award Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO 2020 Qingdao Science and Technology Award Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO 2020 Hong Kong RGC Research Fellowship Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO 2019 2019 Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress by the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Prof Kwai Man LUK ̜ඪ̜ϙؘ̇Ɠȉڐɘϳ˺ǗŔƱʜ ˺ڐ 2019 Prof Chi Hau CHAN Distinguished Alumni Award 2019 by Department of Electrical and Computer 2019 Engineering (ECE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Prof Chi Hau CHAN 2019 Dr Cheng WANG 2018 2019 IEEE AP-S Harrington-Mittra Computational Electromagnetics Award Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO 2018 NSFC Excellent Young Scientist Fund (HK & Macau) Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO World Cultural Council (WCC) Special Recognition Award 2017 Municipal Science and Technology Project Award, Shenzhen Science and Technology Prof Kwai Man LUK 2017 Innovation Commission Dr Hang WONG 2017 IEEE AP-S John Kraus Antenna Award 2017 Best Paper Award at Les Journées Nationales Microondes - JNM2017 (National Microwaves Dr Alex Man Hon WONG 2017 Conference 2017) Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO URSI Young Scientist Award 2016 Municipal Science and Technology Project Award, Shenzhen Science and Technology Prof Kwok Wa LEUNG Innovation Commission 2016 Prof Kwok Wa LEUNG First Class Award in the Natural Science category at the 2016 Higher Education Outstanding 2016 Scientific Research Output Awards (Science and Technology) from the Ministry of Education Dr Hang WONG, of the People’s Republic of China. Prof K W Leung 2015 Prof Johnny Chung Yin HO 2015 First Class Award (Natural Science) in the 2016 Higher Education Outstanding Scientific Dr Alex Man Hon WONG 2014 Research Output Awards (Science and Technology) of the Ministry of Education, China. Dr Hang WONG 2014 National Science and Technology Major Project funded by the Ministry of Industry and Dr Hang WONG, Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. Dr Alex Man Hon WONG The Shandong Province Science and Technology Prize - Second Class Award Raj Mittra Travel Grant Excellent Product Awards at 16th China Hi-Tech Fair TICRA Travel Grant 190
SELECTED RESEARCH CORAECRTEIVSEITAIERCSH FACILITIES Ṯᗹ䠃⹊⛯ガ䇴⹊༽ガ⍱ࣞ While our research activities continue to focus on the millimeter-wave components and systems for 5G wireless communications, we also emphasize more on THz research, targeting the future 6G and beyond. As THz has important applications in imaging and spectroscopy, we also work on THz imaging and study the biological effects of millimeter-wave and THz irradiations on cell, tissue and system levels. Repre- sentative research outputs are going to present below to demonstrate the wide spectrum of our research. ᡇԢⲺ⹊ガ⍱ࣞуռՐ㔝㔣䳼ѣ൞*ᰖ㓵䙐∡Ⲻؗ㊩⌘㓺Ԭૂ㌱㔕θᡇԢҕᴪࣖ䠃འ䎡ޯⲺ⹊ガθⴤḽᱥᵠᶛⲺ *ૂᴪ䘒ⲺਇኋȾ⭧ӄའ䎡ޯⲺᓊ⭞൞ᡆݿૂ܅䉧ᯯ䶘䶔ᑮ䠃㾷θᡇԢҕ㠪࣑⹊ガའ䎡ޯᡆ∡܅㊩⌘ૂའ䎡ޯ൞ 㓼㜔Ƚ㓺㓽ૂ㌱㔕ቸ䶘Ⲻ⭕⢟᭾ᓊȾԛсሼՐԁ㔃Ҽԙ㺞ᙝⲺ⹊ガᡆ᷒θԛኋ⽰ᡇԢ⹊ガ㤹പⲺᒵ⌑ᙝȾ 10
138 mm H DC 138 mm connector b aL 38.5 mm z xy Fig. (1a) Geometric configuration. Fig. (1b) Prototype of the low-profile transmitarray WIDEBAND LOW-PROFILE RECONFIURABLE TRANSMITARRAY ᇳᑜքࢌ䶘ਥ䠃᯦䞃㖤Ⲻਇሺ䱫 Magneto-electric (ME) dipole is a major invention of our antenna team which set the trend of wideband antenna research worldwide since 2006. A wideband low-profile reconfigurable transmitarray (RTA) utiliz- ing ME dipole is depicted in Fig. (1a). A novel receive-transmit structure is designed as the element of the RTA by combining two ME dipoles. Using a special center-fed scheme, two PIN diodes can be integrated symmetrically into each element, result in a wideband 1-bit reconfigurable antenna element for transmitar- ra y. To r educ e t h e d i s ta n c e b e tw e e n th e fe ed source and the RTA , a w i deband refl ecti ve pol ari zat ion- con- version surface (RPCS) is designed and placed below the RTA. A low-profile structure is achieved through multi-reflections between the RTA and the RPCS. A prototype with 12×12 elements and a height-to-diame- ter-ratio (H/D) of 0.28 is shown in Fig. (1b). Excellent 2D beam scanning capability with wide scan angle of ±40° over a wide bandwidth of 32% from 10.5 to 14.5 GHz is achieved as shown in Fig. (1c). ⭫δ0(εڬᶷᆆᱥᡇԢཟ㓵ഘ䱕Ⲻж亯䠃㾷ਇ᱄θ㠠ᒪԛᶛжᕋ亼ь⮂ᇳᑜཟ㓵⹊ガⲺ▤⍷Ⱦഴ D ᨅ 䘦ҼжѠ⭞0(ڬᶷᆆⲺᇳᑜք䈹ਥ䠃ᶺਇሺ䱫δ57$εȾ⭞㔉ਾњѠ0(ڬᶷᆆⲺᯯ⌋θ䇴䇗ҼжѠ፣᯦Ⲻ᭬ ਇሺ㔉ᶺ֒Ѱ57$Ⲻݹ㍖Ⱦ䙅䗽ֵ⭞жѠ⤢⢯Ⲻѣᗹ侾⭫ᯯṾθሼњѠ3,1ӂᶷ㇗ሯ〦൦䳼ᡆࡦ∅Ѡ㓺ԬѣθԄ㙂ᖘ ᡆжѠ⭞ӄਇሺ䱫ࡍⲺELWᇳᑜਥ䠃ᶺⲺཟ㓵㓺ԬȾѰҼࠅቇ侾⭫Ⓠૂ57$ҁ䰪Ⲻ䐓⿱θਇሺ䱫⭞ҼжѠᇳᑜਃሺ ᕅڅᥥ䖢ᦘ䶘δ53&6εⲺ䇴䇗ᒬ㖤ӄ57$ⲺсᯯȾ䙐䗽57$ૂ53&6ҁ䰪Ⲻཐ䠃ਃሺθᇔ⧦ҼжѠ㮺ශ㔉ᶺȾഴ E ᱴ⽰ҼжѠޭᴿhѠݹ㍖Ƚ儎ᓜᖺ∊δ+'εѰⲺṭȾྸഴ F ᡶ⽰θ൞㠩*+]Ⲻ Ⲻᇳ仇ᑜрᇔ⧦Ҽউ䏀Ⲻӂ㔪⌘ᶕᢡᨅ㜳࣑θᢡᨅ䀈ᓜѰfeȾ 0 0 12.5 GHz, E-plane 12.5 GHz, H-plane -5 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 Theta (deg) Normalized gain (dBi) -10 Normalized gain (dBi) -15 -20 -25 -30-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 Theta (deg) Fig. (1c) Measured radiation patterns at the center frequency of 12.5 GHz. 110
Fig.(2a) Glass DRAs of different shapes. Fig.(2b) DRA covering a light source. DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS ԁ䍞䉆ᥥಞཟ㓵 We play a world leading role in dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) designs. Glass DRA (Fig. (2a)), invent- ed in 2009, is another key invention of the laboratory. It can be used as the cover of a light source as shown in Fig. (2b). Also, it can simultaneously serve as a mirror (Fig. (2c)) after being coated with a dielectric reflective film. Recently, the glass DRA has been utilized in WiFi router (Fig. (2d)) operating at 2.4-GHz band and full 5-GHz band (both 5.2-GHz and 5.8-GHz bands included). It has 6 effective antennas (two for each band), five by the glass DRA and the remaining one by the feed circuit. ᵢᇔᇚ൞⭫ԁ䍞䉆ᥥಞཟ㓵δ'5$ε䇴䇗ᯯ䶘ਇᥛь⮂亼⭞֒ⲺݾȾ ᒪਇ᱄Ⲻ⧱⪹'5$ ഴ D Ӝᱥᵢᇔ僂ᇚ Ⲻਜж亯䠃㾷ਇ᱄Ⱦྸഴ E ᡶ⽰θᆹԢਥԛ֒ѰݿⓆⲺ㾼ⴌ⢟Ⱦᖉ⧱⪹'5$㻡⎸ржቸ⭫ԁ䍞ਃሺ㟒θਥ⭞֒ж䶘 䮒ᆆ ഴ F Ⱦᴶ䘇θ⧱⪹'5$ᴪ⭞ӄ:L)L䐥⭧ಞ ഴ G θᓊ⭞ӄ*+]仇⇫ૂ*+]ޞ仇⇫δऻᤢ*+]ૂ *+]仇⇫εȾᡇԢⲺཟ㓵㌱㔕ᙱާᴿѠᴿ᭾ཟ㓵δ∅Ѡ仇⇫䜳ᴿњѠεθެѣѠ⭧'5$ᨆבθ֏с⭧Ѡ⭧侾⭫⭫ 䐥ᨆבȾ Fig. (2c) DRA with reflective film. Fig. (2d) DRAs in WiFi router. 12
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE DISCRETE METASURFACES FOR IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION ⭞ӄᡆૂ܅䙐ⲺؗᰖⓆૂᴿⓆ⿱ᮙ䎻㺞䶘 The metasurface has emerged to become a ubiquitous tool for shaping electromagnetic waves. Metasur- face can modify electromagnetic waves with high flexibility and efficiency. Their flat and conformal form factor, ease of use and broad functionality attracts much interest. They see increasing applications in communication, sensing and imaging. Recent research efforts from our group aim to deepen our understanding on metasurfaces, develop novel metasurfaces of new functionalities, and demonstrate new metasurface-enabled antenna systems and microscopes. Some example projects include efficient and wideband wave redirection metasurfaces, WUDQVSDUHQWVFDWWHULQJUHGXFWLRQPHWDVXUIDFHVDQGWKHDFWLYH+X\\JHQV·ER[,QDGGLWLRQZHDOVRLQYHVWL- gate the theory of superoscillation, where EM waves interfere to give sub-diffraction resolution in far-field imaging systems. 䎻㔉ᶺ㺞䶘δ৾〦䎻㺞䶘εᐨਇኋᡆѰж〃ཐࣕ㜳䈹᭯⭫⌘ⲺᐛޭȾ䎻㺞䶘ਥԛ⚫⍱ૂ儎᭾൦ؤ᭯⭫⌘Ⱦ ᆹԢᡷᒩⲺཌᖘȽ᱉⭞ᙝૂᒵ⌑Ⲻࣕ㜳ᕋ䎭Ҽᆜ⮂ૂѐ⮂Ⲻު䏙θҕࣖᘡҼ⹊ਇ䙕ᓜȾԌԢ൞䙐ؗȽՖૂᡆ ܅ᯯ䶘Ⲻᓊ⭞ҕሼ䏀ਇᴴཐȾ ᵢ⹊ガ㓺䘇ᵕⲺ⹊ガᐛ֒ᰞ൞ࣖᡇԢሯ䎻㺞䶘Ⲻะᙝ⨼䀙θᔶਇޭᴿ᯦ࣕ㜳Ⲻ䎻㺞䶘θᒬ⹊ਇࡑ᯦Ⲻ䎻㺞 䶘ཟ㓵㌱㔕ૂᱴᗤ䮒Ⱦ〇⹊亯ⴤऻᤢ儎᭾ૂᇳᑜⲺ⭫⌘䠃ᇐੇ䎻㺞䶘ȽࠅቇᮙሺⲺ䙅᱄䎻㺞䶘ૂᴿⓆćᴪ ᯥⴈĈཟ㓵㌱㔕Ⱦ↚ཌθᡇԢ䘎⹊ガҼ䎻ᥥ㦗⨼䇰θᒬᣀᡆ᷒ᓊ⭞൞ݿᆜᱴᗤ䮒䠂θԛ䗴ࡦ䘒൰Ⲻ䎻࠼䗞ᡆ܅ ᭾᷒Ⱦ )LJ ([DPSOHVRIGLVFUHWH+X\\JHQV·PHWDVXUIDFHV 130
WIDE IMPEDANCE- AND GAIN-BANDWIDTH )LJD THZ ON-CHIP ANTENNA ᇳ䱱ᣍૂ໔ⴀᑜᇳⲺའ䎡ޯ⡽рཟ㓵 We have designed a wide impedance- and gain-bandwidth THz on-chip antenna (OCA) with chip-integrated dielectric resonator (CIDR) backed by a ground plane, which is shown in Fig. (4a), together with the micro- graph of a fabricated OCA using TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. The antenna employs the inherent silicon substrate as a rectangular DR, i.e. CIDR. This CIDR can be seen as a standard dielectric resonator anten- na (DRA) or a magnetic-wall cavity with in-phase reflected waves from the ground. A versatile comb-shaped dipole antenna is designed above the silicon CIDR, functioning as a feeder for the DRA and an independent radiator. Multiple higher-order DR modes and the cavity mode are simultaneously excited, and contribute to the wide impedance bandwidth. ᵢᇔ僂ᇚ䇴䇗Ҽж〃ᇳ䱱ᣍૂ໔ⴀᑜᇳⲺའ䎡ޯ⡽рཟ㓵δ2&$εθ䞃༽ᆿ㻻൞ᒩᶵрⲺ㣥⡽䳼ᡆԁ⭫䉆ᥥಞδ &,'5εθྸഴ D ᡶ⽰θੂᰬ䘎ᱴ⽰Ҽ760& QP &026ᢶᵥ䙖Ⲻ2&$Ⲻᱴᗤ➝⡽Ⱦ䈛ཟ㓵䟽⭞ҼരᴿⲺ 㺢 ᓋ ֒ Ѱ ⸟ ᖘ ' 5 θ & , ' 5 Ⱦ 䘏 Ѡ & , ' 5 ਥ 㻡 㿼 Ѱ ж Ѡ ḽ Ⲻ ԁ 䍞 䉆 ᥥ ಞ ཟ 㓵 δ ' 5 $ ε ᡌ ж Ѡ ޭ ᴿ ൦ 䶘 ੂ ਃ ሺ ⌘ Ⲻ㞊Ⱦ ൞&,'5р䶘䇴䇗ҼжѠཐࣕ㜳Ⲻứ⣬ڬᶷཟ㓵θᰘਥ֒Ѱ'5$Ⲻ侾㓵θӜਥ֒ѰжѠ⤢Ⲻ䗆ሺ ։ȾཐѠ儎䱬'5⁗ᕅૂグ㞊⁗ᕅੂᰬ㻡◶ਇθᴿࣟӄᇳ䱱ᣍᑜᇳȾ Wide impedance- and gain-bandwidth THz on-chip antenna with chip-integrated dielectric resonator. Fig. (4a) On-chip antenna with a combed dipole as a feeder. / Fig. (4b) Comparison of the simulated and measured reflection coefficients. / Fig. (4c) Comparison of the simulated and realized gain. / Fig. (4d) Comparison of the simulated and measured H-plane radiation patterns at various frequencies. 14
THZ CODING METASURFACES འ䎡ޯ㕌⸷䎻㺞䶘 At THz frequencies, tunable devices are not readily available. Instead, we make use of functional materi- al s s uc h as V O 2 ( v a n a d i u m d i o x i d e ) o r Ge Te (Germani um tel l uri de) w hose states can be al tered th r ough a stimulus. We develop high-frequency electronics in THz-wave radiation, detection, propagation, sensing and communications. We integrate functional materials with coding metasurfaces for beam manipulations at THz frequencies, which is actively controlled by optical activation using low-power laser sources to switch the coding pattern formation on the metasurfaces. As demonstrated in Fig. (5a), the meta atom can be fabricated on a single-layer high-frequency substrate which produces stable frequency and radiation responses over a wide THz frequency spectrum. The developed coding metasurfaces enable wideband ൞འ䎡ޯ仇⦽рθਥ䈹䉆Ⲻ䇴༽ᒬуᲤ䚃Ⱦ ਃθᡇԢ⭞ࣕ㜳ᶆᯏθྸ92δӂ≝ौ䫈εᡌ*H7Hδ⻨ौ䭍ε㜳ཕ ࡰ ◶ 㙂 ᭯ ⣬ ᘷ Ⲻ ࣕ 㜳 Ⱦ ᡇ Ԣ ᔶ ਇ Ҽ འ 䎡 ޯ ⌘ 䗆 ሺ Ƚ Ỷ ⎁ Ƚ Ֆ Ƚ Ֆ ૂ 䙐 ؗᯯ 䶘 Ⲻ 儎 仇 ⭫ ᆆ ӝ Ⱦ ᡇ Ԣ ሼ ࣕ 㜳 ᶆ ᯏ ф 䎻㺞䶘㕌⸷᮪ਾθ⭞ݿᆜ◶⍱ᶛའ䎡ޯ仇⦽сⲺݿᶕᬃ֒θ䙅䗽ֵ⭞քࣕ⦽◶ݿⓆᶛ䈹㢸䎻㺞䶘рⲺ㕌⸷⁗ᕅȾ ྸഴ D ᡶ⽰θݹᆆਥԛ൞ঋቸ儎仇ะ䍞рࣖᐛθ㜳൞ᇳའ䎡ޯ仇䉧рӝ⭕どᇐⲺ仇⦽ૂ䗆ሺଃᓊȾ ᡶᔶਇⲺ䎻㺞䶘 㕌⸷㜳⭞ӄ㠩*+]Ⲻᇳᑜ⌘ᶕᖘᡆȽ┪ᇐૂ䖢ੇȾ䘏亯⹊ガᐛ֒Ⲻᡆ᷒ਥԛᓊ⭞ӄᵠᶛⲺ*ૂᴪཐ㤹⮪Ⱦ Focusing TŝůƟng at 40 deg TŝůƟng at 30 deg Spliƫng PaƩern 1 PaƩern 2 Coding Metasurface 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 -10-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -10-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Degree Degree Gain (dBi) Gain (dBi) Fig. (5a) THz coding metasurface with beam manipulation. 150
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) BEAM-SCANNING THZ BESSEL LAUNCHER ӂ㔪δ'ε⌘ᶕᢡᨅའ䎡ޯ䍓ດቊਇሺಞ Bessel beams have an appealing property that they are non-diffractive, i.e., the radiation wave maintains confined. They have applications in confined-beam THz spectroscopy, non-ionizing detection and high-res- olution imaging. Through aperture phase modulation, we have demonstrated a 2D beam-scanning THz Bessel launcher based on in-plane rotation of two identical 3D printed lenses. The basic pixel element of the lens is composed of hexagonal cylinder of varying height and fixed hexagonal pyramid. By varying the height of hexagonal cylinder to control the transmission phase and the hexagonal pyramid serves as an antireflection structure. The two identical 3D printed lenses have a diameter of 15 mm corresponding to 15 wavelengths at 300 GHz with 789 elements of various height to satisfy the prescribed aperture phase distribution. Beam scanning (measured power densities) in the H-plane (yz-plane) and E-plane (xz-plane) are demonstrated, respectively, for different combinations of the orientations of the top (right) and bottom (left) lenses. 䍓ດቊݿᶕ䶔㺃ሺᙝⲺ⢯ᙝ䶔ᑮᴿ䏙θެ䗆ሺ⌘㜳ؓᤷሷ䰣ȾᆹԢਥᓊ⭞ӄ㓜ᶕའ䎡ޯݿ䉧ᆜȽ䶔⭫⿱᧘⎁ૂ 儎࠼䗞⦽ᡆ܅Ⱦ䙅䗽ᆊᖺփ䈹θᵢᇔ僂ᇚ⭞њѠੂⲺ'ᢉদ䙅䮒ᒩ䶘ੇᰁ䖢θኋ⽰ҼжѠӂ㔪⌘ ᶕᢡᨅའ䎡ޯ䍓ດቊਇሺಞȾ䙅䮒Ⲻะᵢ܅㍖ݹ㍖ᱥ⭧уੂ儎ᓜⲺޣ䗯ᖘ഼ḧ։ૂരᇐⲺޣ䗯ᖘ䠇ᆍຊ㓺ᡆ Ⱦ䙅䗽䈹㢸ޣ䗯ᖘ഼ḧ։Ⲻ儎ᓜᶛՖ䗉փθ㙂ޣ䗯ᖘ䠇ᆍຊࡏᱥ֒Ѱж〃ᣍਃሺ㔉ᶺȾᖉѣњѠ ੂⲺ'ᢉদ䙅䮒ⲺᖺѰ∡㊩θሯᓊ*+]ⲺѠ⌘䮵θᴿ Ѡуੂ儎ᓜⲺݹ㍖θԛ┗䏩㿺ᇐⲺᆊᖺ փ࠼ᐹȾ䙐䗽൞京䜞δεૂᓋ䜞δᐜε䙅䮒Ⲻуੂᇐੇ㓺ਾθഴ ᱴ⽰Ҽ൞+䶘δ\\]䶘εૂ(䶘δ[]䶘ε Ⲻݿᶕᢡᨅ᭾᷒δ⎁䠅ࣕ⦽ᇼᓜεȾ 䗆ሺ൰Ⲻᯯ⌋㙂ᡆθ⁗ᤕ㔉᷒δѣεᱥ⭞⁗⭫⌘ޞᤕಞ㙂ᡆȾᆹԢ䜳ф⎁䠅㔉᷒δεж㠪Ⱦ 170
Two-dimensional scanning Bessel beam launcher Fig. (6a) 3D printed lenses. 300 GHz Fig. (6b) Assembled launcher. 280 GHz 320 GHz Fig. (6c) Measured magnitude of the field in yz-plane. Fig. (6d) Beam scanning in yz-plane. Fig. (6e) Beam scanning in xz-plane. 18
HIGH-GAIN LOW-PROFILE SI-IMPRINTED THZ GAUSSIAN BEAM ANTENNA 儎໔ⴀ㮺ශুদའ䎡ޯ儎ᯥ⌘ᶕཟ㓵 Conventional high-gain THz horn and lens antennas are bulky in structure. We have demonstrated for the first time a low-profile, high-gain and high-efficiency THz antenna consisting of a leaky spherical open resonator for generating a Gaussian beam type radiation and a magneto-electric dipole feed for achieving symmetrical radiation patterns. Imprint technology was developed to construct the spherical cavity in PDMS and SU-8 2025 polymers while the dry etching process for providing high aspect ratio microstruc- tures in Si was employed to realize the magneto-electric dipole feed. These microfabrication technologies are compatible with Si-based integrated circuit manufacturing. Due to high precision in fabrication and smooth morphology in structure, the THz Gaussian beam antenna was realized with 20.3 dBi gain at 1.04 THz, 50 GHz bandwidth and much reduced profile in comparison with horns and lens antennas while exhib- iting very low side lobes. Ֆ㔕Ⲻ儎໔ⴀའ䎡ޯਣૂ䙅䮒ཟ㓵㔉ᶺㅞ䠃ȾᡇԢ俌⅗ኋ⽰Ҽж〃քࢌ䶘Ƚ儎໔ⴀૂ儎᭾⦽Ⲻའ䎡ޯཟ㓵θ 䈛ཟ㓵⭧⭞ӄӝ⭕儎ᯥ⌘ᶕශ䗆ሺⲺ⋺╅⨹ᖘᔶ᭴䉆ᥥಞૂ⭞ӄᇔ⧦ሯ〦䗆ሺ⁗ᕅⲺ⭫ڬᶷ侾⭫㓺ᡆȾᔶਇ Ҽুদᢶᵥԛ൞3'06ૂ68㚐ਾ⢟ѣᶺᔰ⨹ᖘ㞊θੂᰬ䟽⭞ᒨ⌋㲶ࡱᐛ㢰൞6Lѣᨆב儎㓫∊ᗤ 㔉ᶺԛᇔ⧦⭫ڬᶷᆆ侾⭫Ⱦ䘏ӑᗤ䙖ᢶᵥфะӄⲺ䳼ᡆ⭫䐥䙖ᇯȾ⭧ӄ䙖㋴ᓜ儎ૂ㔉ᶺ┇ݿθ7+] 儎ᯥ⌘ᶕཟ㓵൞7+]Ƚ*+]ᑜᇳૂ*+]ᑜᇳсᇔ⧦ҼG%LⲺ໔ⴀθфਣૂ䙅䮒ཟ㓵 ∊θཌᖘཝཝ㕟ቅθੂᰬޭᴿ䶔ᑮքⲺ⬙Ⱦ Fig. (7ai) Schematic of THz Fig. (7bi) Side view of whole structure and Fig. (7e) Simulated and measured gain. antenna. the feed. High-gain low-profile THz Gaussian beam antenna. 190
SILICON-BASED FOLDED REFLECTARRAY OPERATING AT 1 THZ 7+]Ⲻะᣎਖਃሺ䱫ࡍ When the operating frequency of the antennas goes up to 1 THz, we need to make use of micro-fabrication technology to realize the designed antennas. Fig. ** shows a high-gain silicon-based folded reflectarray antenna. It consists of an open-ended waveguide, bottom main reflect array and an upper polarizer as shown in Fig. (8a). The anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), shown in Fig. (8b), is employed as the building block of the main reflectarray to realize simultaneous phase compensation and polarization conversion. The reflectarray was fabricated using photolithography and deep reactive ion etching of high-resistive Si wafers. Fig. (8c) shows the micrograph of the fabricated main reflectarray. Fig. (8d) shows the simulated and measured H-plane far-field radiation patterns at 1.02 THz. Reasonable agree- ment between the simulated and measured results can be observed. The measured and simulated 3-dB beamwidths are 2.2o and 2.1o, respectively. The measured and simulated side lobe levels (SLLs) are -13.6 dB and -16.5 dB, respectively. ᖉཟ㓵Ⲻᐛ֒仇⦽рॽࡦ7+]ᰬθᡇԢ䴶㾷⭞ᗤࣖᐛᢶᵥᶛᇔ⧦䇴䇗Ⲻཟ㓵Ⱦ ഴ ᱴ⽰ҼжѠ儎໔ⴀⲺ ะᣎਖਃሺ䱫ཟ㓵Ⱦ ྸഴ D ᡶ⽰θᆹ⭧жѠᔶਙ⌘ሲȽᓋ䜞ѱਃሺ䱫ૂжѠр䜞څᥥಞ㓺ᡆȾੇᔸᙝⲺ ԁ䍞䉆ᥥಞཟ㓵δ'5$εθྸഴ E ᡶ⽰θ㻡⭞֒ѱਃሺ䱫Ⲻᶺᔰ⁗ඍθԛᇔ⧦ੂ↛փ㺛څૂڵᥥ䖢ᦘȾ ਃሺ䱫ᱥ⭞ࡱݿᢶᵥૂ儎⭫䱱⡽Ⲻਃᓊ⿱ᆆ㲶ࡱᢶᵥ㻻䞃Ⱦ ഴ F ᱴ⽰Ҽ֒Ⲻѱਃሺ䱫Ⲻᱴᗤ➝⡽ Ⱦ ഴ G ᱴ⽰Ҽ൞7+]с⁗ᤕૂ⎁䠅Ⲻ+䶘䘒൰䗆ሺ⁗ᕅȾԄѣਥ㿸ሕࡦ⁗ᤕૂ⎁䠅㔉᷒ҁ䰪ᴿਾ⨼Ⲻ ж㠪ᙝȾ⎁䠅ૂ⁗ᤕⲺG%⌘ᶕᇳᓜ࠼ࡡѰRૂRȾ⎁䠅ૂ⁗ᤕⲺםਬ≪ᒩδ6//Vε࠼ࡡѰ G% ૂG%Ⱦ Fig. (8a-d). High-gain folded reflectarray antenna operating at 1 THz. 20
TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCALABLE THZ RADIATOR ARRAYS ӂ㔪ਥᢟኋⲺའ䎡ޯ䗆ሺಞ䱫ࡍ For future 6G communications and imaging, we need some cost-effective and compact THz sources. Novel scalable architecture of coherent harmonic oscillator arrays for high-power radiation have been developed and implemented with TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology. The first 4×4 radiator array chip operates with optimized fundamental oscillation at 230 GHz and maximized second harmonic power extraction at 460 GHz. Each array element is a slot of antenna with an oscillator. The second 4×4 radiator array chip has two oscillators with two slots of antenna in each unit cell and radiates at the third harmonic. Both chips a re i nc or por at ed w i th a n e l l i p ti c a l Te fl o n l e ns achi evi ng peak effecti ve i sotropi c radi ated pow er ( EI RP) of 29.1 dBm at 458.3 GHz and 27.8 dBm at 699 GHz. For the latter, the peak output power is 2.1 dBm and it operates from 679.4 to 716.1 GHz with a 5.26% tuning range. The core chip size is 0.61 mm2. ሯӄᵠᶛⲺ*䙐ૂؗᡆ܅θᡇԢ䴶㾷жӑᡆᵢ᭾ⴀૂ㍝ࠇⲺའ䎡ޯⓆȾ㜳⭞ӄ儎ࣕ⦽䗆ሺⲺᒨ䉆⌘ᥥ㦗ಞ 䱫ࡍⲺ᯦ශਥᢟኋ㔉ᶺᐨ㻡ᔶਇθᒬ䙐䗽ਦ〥⭫㓩㊩&026ᢶᵥᇔ⧦ȾㅢжѠhⲺ䗆ሺಞ䱫ࡍ㣥⡽൞ *+]ᰬޭᴿՎौⲺะᵢᥥ㦗θ൞*+]ᰬޭᴿᴶཝौⲺӂ⅗䉆⌘ࣕ⦽ᨆȾ∅Ѡ䱫ࡍݹ㍖ᱥжѠᑜᴿᥥ 㦗ಞⲺ″ᖘཟ㓵ȾㅢӂѠh䗆ሺಞ䱫ࡍ㣥⡽ᴿњѠᥥ㦗ಞθ∅ѠঋݹѣᴿњѠ″ᖘཟ㓵θᒬ൞п⅗䉆⌘с 䗆ሺȾ䘏њѠ㣥⡽䜳䳼ᡆҼжѠὣ഼⢯≕䲼䙅䮒θ൞*+]ᰬ䗴ࡦጦٲᴿ᭾ੇੂᙝ䗆ሺࣕ⦽δ(,53ε G%Pθ൞ *+]ᰬ䗴ࡦG%PȾሯӄ㘻θጦٲ䗉࠰ࣕ⦽ᴿG%P㙂ᐛ֒仇⦽Ѱ 㠩 *+]θ䈹䉆㤹പѰȾṮᗹ㣥⡽ⲺተሮѰᒩᯯ∡㊩Ⱦ Scalable THz radiator array chips. Fig. (6a) 3D printed lenses. Fig. (9b) output power among silicon-based coherent scalable radiators. 2110
Two-dimensional scanning Bessel beam launcher Fig. (9c) Fabricated chip integrated with an elliptical Teflon lens and the chip micrograph. Fig. (9d) Measured results of the chip. For the measured radiated power, VD =1.3 V with varying VG from 0.6 to 1.3 V. 22
THZ IMAGING USING ORTHOGONAL- POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS ⭞↙Ӛڅᥥ⎁䠅䘑㺂འ䎡ޯᡆ܅ Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) is at the heart of ぼई⸟䱫څᥥ⎁䠅⌋δ003εᱥᡇԢ⨼䀙ᡆ܅ṭڅ our understanding of polarization properties of an ᥥ⢯ᙝⲺṮᗹȾ ᡇԢਠ⭞Ҽ↙Ӛڅᥥᶛ䇗㇍᮪Ѡ imaged sample. We compute the complete 4 × 4 ࡦའ䎡ޯⲺh 003θ fe㓵ᙝڅᥥᇐ MMP from 0.1 to 1 THz only using orthogonal Ѱ3ૂ0θഴ D ኋ⽰Ҽਬ⡽'ૂ'ᡆ܅Ⱦྸഴ polarizations, ±45° linear polarizations designated E ᡶ⽰θжѠᐨ᭯㻻Ⲻའ䎡ޯᰬตݿ䉧Ԡδ as P and M as depicted in Fig. (10a) for 2D and 3D 7+]7'6εᑜᴿ㠠㺂䇴䇗Ⲻ㓵ᙝڅᥥಞδ/3Vεθ⭞ imaging of a leaf. A modified THz time domain ӄ⎁䠅ૂᮦᦤ䟽䳼Ⱦぼई⸟䱫ᶷौ࠼䀙δ003'ε㜳 spectrometer (THz-TDS) with self-designed linear ⭞ᶛ䘑ᡆ܅ਬ⡽څᥥ⢯ᙝⲺᨆȾ ഴ F ᱴ⽰ polarizers (LPs)is utilized for measurements and ҼৱᶷौȽ㺦ࠅૂ䘕└Ⲻഴ܅θԛᆹԢ㓵ᙝૂ⧥ᖘ data acquisition as shown in Fig. (10b). The Muel- Ⲻ㾷㍖Ⱦ 㔉᷒ᱴ⽰ҼᗤᕧⲺৱᶷौθࠖ҄ᱥф仇⦽ ler matrix polar decomposition (MMPD) is ᰖީⲺ㺦ࠅૂᗤᕧⲺ䘕└Ⱦ ഴ G ኋ⽰Ҽ䟽⭞伔 employed to facilitate extraction of polarization 㺂ᰬ䰪ᢶᵥᶛঅࣟਬ⡽Ⲻп㔪䠃ᔰȾ уੂᰬ䰪⇫Ⲻ characteristics of the imaged leaf. Fig. (10c) ഴ܅ሯᓊӄуੂቸ䶘Ⲻ0ഴ܅θެࣖ䎭ᶛਥᶺᔰ shows the depolarization, diattenuation and retar- ᡆжѠп㔪ഴ܅Ⱦഴ G Ⲻᴶ䗯Ⲻഴᱴ⽰ҼԄެ dance images as well as their linear and circular ᐜ䗯Ⲻп㔪ਬᆆṭᵢѣ࠼⿱࠰ᶛⲺਬᆆ㮺⡽Ⱦ components. The results show weak depolariza- tion, nearly frequency-independent diattenuation and weak retardance. The time-of-flight technique is adopted to assist in the 3D reconstruction of the leaf as shown in Fig. (10d). The images at differ- ent time frames correspond to the M11 images at different layers and thickness. A 3D image can be constructed and the rightmost figure of Fig. (10d) shows the lamina of the leaf separated from the 3D leaf sample to its left. Fig. (10a) Reconstruction of other polarization results based on ±45° measurements. 1230
THz imaging of a leaf. Fig. (10b) Modified time-domain spectrometer. Fig. (10c) Decomposition of Mueller matrix images integrated over frequency intervals of 0.1 THz from 0.3 to 0.9 THz. Fig. (10d) M11 images of the leaf at different time delays. 24
WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER ⌘ሲ᭴ཝಞ Waveguide amplifier is an essential active building block of integrated photonic circuits, providing reliable optical gain in certain wavelength ranges. Among various amplification schemes, Erbium (Er)-doped wave- guide amplifiers (EDWA), whose gain spectrum peaks near the telecom wavelength range, are of particular interest and have been realized in many popular integrated photonic platforms, including silicon (Si), silicon nitride (SiN), and lithium niobate (LN). LN is a promising material platform for integrated photonic devices owing to its large electro-optic coefficient (r33 = 31 pm/V), large second-order nonlinear suscepti- ELOLW\\ G SP9 DQGZLGHWUDQVSDUHQF\\UDQJH ѥP +RZHYHUFRQYHQWLRQDO(':$IDEULFDWHG by diffusing Er3+ ions into bulk LN feature a limited optical net gain of < 3 dB/cm due to the weak optical FRQILQHPHQWLQORZLQGH[FRQWUDVWZDYHJXLGHV уQ DQGWKHGLIIXVLRQLQGXFHGQRQXQLIRUP(ULRQ distribution. Compared to bulk material, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) allows waveguides with much K L J K H U L Q G H [ F R Q W U D V W у Q ! S U R Y L G H V D S U R P L V L Q J V R O X W L R Q W R D E R Y H S U R E O H P V D Q G L V D Q H P H U J L Q J S K R - tonic platform with great promises for future optical communications, nonlinear optics and microwave pho- tonics. However, directly diffusing Er3+ ions into LNOI substrates could be challenging due to the high GLIIXVLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH UHTXLUHG ! & $Q DOWHUQDWLYH DSSURDFK LV WR JURZ DQ (U /1 FU\\VWDO ILUVW followed by a standard ion-slicing process to form an Er:LNOI wafer. We demonstrated an EDWA based on /12,SODWIRUPH[SHULPHQWDOO\\ZLWKDKLJKRQFKLSRSWLFDOQHWJDLQRI!G%FPDWDVLJQDOZDYHOHQJWKRI 1531.6 nm. The lithography defined waveguides feature strong light confinement and relatively low propa- gation loss for both 980-nm pump light and 1530-nm signal light, leading to an efficient optical gain at rela- tively low pump powers (< 20 mW). The efficient LNOI waveguide amplifiers could become an important fundamental element in future lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits. 2150
⌘ሲ᭴ཝಞᱥ䳼ᡆݿᆆ⭫䐥Ⲻжཝ䠃㾷ᴿⓆ㓺Ԭθ൞Ḇӑ⌘䮵㤹പᨆבਥ䶖Ⲻݿᆜ໔ⴀȾ൞〃᭴ཝᯯṾѣθ᧰䬈δ (UεⲺ⌘ሲ᭴ཝಞδ(':$ε䘇⭫⌘ؗ䮵㤹പⲺ໔ⴀݿ䉧ጦٲԚӰ⢯ࡡު䏙θᒬъᐨ㔅ᇔ⧦൞䇮ཐ⍷㺂Ⲻ䳼ᡆݿᆆᒩ ਦрθऻᤢδ6LεȽ≤ौδ6L1εૂ䬂䞮䬸δ/1εȾ䬂䞮䬸ᱥжѠᖾᴿ▒࣑Ⲻ䳼ᡆݿᆆಞԬⲺᶆᯏᒩਦθഖᆹޭ༽ཝ ⭫ݿ㌱ᮦδU SP9εȽཝ⅗փ䶔㓵ᙝ᱉ᙝδG SP9εૂᒵ䱊Ⲻ䙅᱄ᓜ㤹പδ±PεȾ❬㙂θ Ֆ㔕Ⲻ(':$ᱥ⭞(U⿱ᆆᢟᮙࡦཝඍ/1ѣ䙖㙂ᡆθެ⢯⛯ᱥᴿ䲆Ⲻݿᆜ߶໔ⴀ G%FPθ䘏ᱥ⭧ӄ൞քᮦሯ∊ᓜ Ⲻ⌘ሲδQ εѣθݿᆜ㓜ᶕՐ䖹ᕧθԛ⭧ᢟᮙᕋ䎭Ⲻ(U⿱ᆆ࠼ᐹ䖹ѰуൽȾфཝඍ⢟ᯏ∊θ㔓㕎։рⲺ 䬂䞮䬸δ/12,εݷ䇮ᮦሯ∊ᓜ䖹儎Ⲻ⌘ሲδQ!εθуঋѰр䘦䰤从ᨆבҼжѠᴿᑂᵑⲺ䀙ߩᯯṾθᱥжѠ᯦ުⲺ ݿᆆᒩਦθᴪѰᵠᶛݿᆜ䙐ؗȽ䶔㓵ᙝݿᆜૂᗤ⌘ݿᆆᆜᑜᶛᑂᵑȾ❬㙂θ⭧ӄ䴶㾷䖹儎Ⲻᢟᮙᓜδ!đεθ ሼ(U⿱ᆆᢟᮙࡦ/12,ะᶆѣਥ㜳ՐᱥжѠ᥇ᡎȾਜж〃ᯯ⌋ቧᱥݾฯὃ(U /1Წ։θ❬⭞ḽⲺ⿱ᆆ࠽ࢨᐛ㢰ᶛ ᖘᡆ(U /12,㣥⡽ȾᡇԢ൞ᇔ僂ѣኋ⽰ҼжѠะӄ/12,ᒩਦⲺ(':$θ൞㓩㊩Ⲻؗਭ⌘䮵сθ⡽рⲺݿᆜ߶໔ⴀ儎 䗴!G%FPȾԛࡱݿᢶᵥᇐѿⲺ⌘ሲޭᴿᖾᕰⲺݿ㓜ᶕᙝૂሯ QPⲺ⌫⎜ૂݿQPⲺؗਭݿ䜳ᴿሯ䖹քⲺՖ ᦕ㙍θԄ㙂൞ሯ䖹քⲺ⌫⎜ࣕ⦽δ P:εс㧭ᗍ儎᭾Ⲻݿᆜ໔ⴀȾ儎᭾Ⲻ/12,⌘ሲ᭴ཝಞਥԛᡆѰᵠᶛ䬂䞮䬸ݿᆆ 䳼ᡆ⭫䐥ⲺжѠ䠃㾷ะᵢݹ㍖Ⱦ Fig. (11a) Ion-slicing process to create Er:LNOI wafer. Insets: Appearances of Er:LN wafer (top-left) and un-doped LN wafer (top-right); Er:LNOI wafer showing green fluorescence (bottom). / Fig. (11b) Cross- section schematic of the rib-like Er:LNOI waveguides. / Fig. (11c) SEM images of a waveguide-coupled Er:LNOI microring resonator. / Fig. (11d-e) Simulated electric field profiles (Ex) of TE0 modes at 980 nm and 1530 nm. 26
Fig. (12a) Schematic illustration of integrated Fig. (12b) Home-built characterization LN electro-optic modulators operating at setup with both optical fiber and millimeter-wave frequencies. millimeter-wave probe access. INTEGRATED LITHIUM NIOBATE ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATOR OPERATING AT 300 GHZ *+]Ⲻ䳼ᡆ䬂䞮䬸⭫ݿ䈹ಞ High-performance electro-optic modulators, that convert electrical signals into optical domain at high speeds, are key components for optical fiber communications as well as microwave photonics. Traditional LiNbO3 (LN) modulators, as the most widely used platform for decades, however are typically limited to operation bandwidths of < 40 GHz, therefore they are not capable of processing high-frequency signals in future millimeter-wave systems. In our lab, we take advantage of our low-loss and high-confinement LN nanophotonic platform to develop ultra-high-performance integrated LN modulators that could operate at frequencies up to 300 GHz, covering the entire millimeter-wave range (Fig. (12a)). We leverage the expertise of our lab to build a specialized characterization setup that features precision optical fiber coupling and millimeter-wave probe access simultaneously (Fig. (12b)). Our chip-scale LN modulators are dramatically smaller, cost orders of magnitude less power, and operate at much higher bandwidths than their traditional counterparts, and are ideal candidates for future millimeter-wave receiver systems. ሼ⭫ؗਭ儎䙕䖢ᦘѰݿตⲺ儎ᙝ㜳⭫ݿ䈹ಞθᱥݿ㓚䙐ૂؗᗤ⌘ݿᆆᆜⲺީ䭤䜞ԬȾՖ㔕Ⲻ/L1E2δ/1ε䈹ಞ ᱥࠖॷ ᒪ ᶛ ᴶ 㻡 ᒵ ⌑ֵ ⭞ Ⲻ ᒩ ਦ θ ❬ 㙂 䙐 ᑮ 㻡 䲆 ൞ *+]Ⲻᬃ֒ᑜᇳθഖ↚ᰖ⌋༺⨼ᵠᶛ∡㊩⌘㌱㔕Ⲻ儎仇ؗਭȾ ᵢᇔ僂ᇚθ⭞ҼᡇԢⲺքᦕ㙍ૂ儎⎉㕟Ⲻ/1㓩㊩ݿᆆᒩਦθᔶਇ࠰䎻儎ᙝ㜳Ⲻ䳼ᡆ/1䈹ಞθެᐛ֒仇⦽ਥ䗴㠩 *+]θ㾼ⴌ᮪Ѡ∡㊩⌘㤹പδഴ D εȾᡇԢ⭞ᵢᇔ僂ᇚⲺщ䮵ᔰҼжѠщ䰞Ⲻ㺞ᖷ㻻㖤θެ⢯⛯ᱥੂᰬ ޭᴿ㋴⺤Ⲻݿ㓚㙜ਾૂ∡㊩⌘᧘䪾ਙδഴ E εȾᵢᇔ僂ᇚⲺ㣥⡽㓝/1䈹ಞ∊Ֆ㔕Ⲻੂ㊱ӝ։〥ቅᖾཐθ 㜳ⓆᡆᵢӜքᖾཐθੂᰬᐛ֒ᑜᇳҕ∊㊱ղⲺՖ㔕Ԡಞ儎ᖾཐθᱥᵠᶛ∡㊩⌘᭬㌱㔕Ⲻ⨼ᜩ䘿Ⱦ Fig. (12c) Optical spectrum showing efficient signal modulation at 300 GHz. 1270
RANDOM PHOTONIC MICROWAVE SIGNAL GENERATION BY LASER DYNAMICS ะӄ◶ݿಞ࣑ࣞᆜⲺ䳅ᵰݿᆆᗤ⌘ؗਭ⭕ᡆ We have been working on the high-speed nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers. A number of waveforms have been generated by utilizing the inherent spatiotemporal dynamics in lasers with external cavities as well as injection. Photonic millimeter-wave signals at 72 GHz have been generated in exceeding the conventional bandwidths of the lasers. Square-wave modulated photonic microwave and chaotic signals have been demonstrated for fast random bit generation (RBG), while utilizing intra-cavity physical entropies to support high output rates on the order of 100 Gb/s. ᡇԢж㠪࣑ӄ⹊ガঀሲ։◶ݿಞⲺ儎䙕䶔㓵ᙝ࣑ࣞᆜȾะӄཌ㞊ཌ䜞⌞ޛθᡇԢ⭞◶ݿಞ൞Ⲻᰬグ࣑ࣞᆜ⭕ ᡆҼуੂⲺ⌘ᖘȾ ᡶ⭕ᡆⲺ *+] ݿᆆ∡㊩⌘ؗਭ䎻䗽Ҽ◶ݿಞⲺՖ㔕ᑜᇳȾᑜᴿᯯ⌘䈹Ⲻݿᆆᗤ⌘ф⋂ؗਭ ҕ㻡⭞ӄᘡ䙕䳅ᵰᮦ⭕ᡆ 5%* Ⱦ◶ݿಞ㞊⢟⨼⟫᭥ᤷҼ䗴*EVᮦ䠅㓝Ⲻ儎䗉࠰䙕⦽Ⱦ Fig. (13a) Stable-unstable switching dynamics in semiconductor lasers for random photonic microwave generation. 28
TERAHERTZ/MILLIMETER-WAVE HYBRID WIRELESS NETWORKS འ䎡ޯ∡㊩⌘ਾᰖ㓵㖇㔒 Te ra h er t z ( T Hz ) ba n d c a n s u p p o rt a m p l e s p ectrum འ䎡ޯδ7+]ε仇⇫ਥԛ᭥ᤷཝ䠅仇䉧θᒬᇔ⧦Ⲵ and achieve more than hundred Gbps data rate, *ESVԛрⲺᮦᦤՖ䗉⦽θռެᙝ㜳পഖքサ䙅ᙝૂ but its performance is hampered by poor ᴿ䲆Ⲻ㾼ⴌ㤹പ㙂䲆ȾѰҼށᵃ↚䳒⻃θᵢᇔ僂ᇚ pene t r abilit y and l i m i te d c o v e ra g e . To o v e rcome ⎁䈋ҼжѠ⭧འ䎡ޯૂ∡㊩⌘ঋݹ㓺ᡆⲺਾ⢟㚊㖇 the aforementioned obstacles, we considered a 㖇㔒θᡇԢ⭞䳅ᵰⲺࠖṼᷬᶛ࠼᷆ਾ㖇㔒Ⲻ hybrid IoT network composed of THz and ᙝ㜳Ⱦ㘹㲇ࡦ⺤Ⲻཟ㓵⁗ᕅθᡇԢ⹊ਇҼޞ᯦Ⲻ millimeter-wave cells. We used stochastic 䰣ਾᖘᕅᶛᱴ⽰འ䎡ޯૂ∡㊩⌘㖇㔒ѣᒨᢦⲺᲤ geometric framework to analyze the performance ᯥᦘθᒬ䇺զҼެ㾼ⴌᾸ⦽ૂ仇䉧᭾⦽Ⱦ⭧ᮦٲ of the hybrid network. We derive a novel closed 㔉᷒ਥ㿷θ੮᭬᭾ᓊ䲃քҼའ䎡ޯ㖇㔒Ⲻ㖇㔒ᙝ㜳Ⱦ form expression of Laplace transform of ᡇԢ䘎ਇ⧦θ䖹ཝⲺཟ㓵䱫ࡍተሮૂ䖹ཝⲺའ䎡ޯ interference in THz and millimeter-wave networks ะㄏδ7%6εڅ㖤ٲਥ᭯㖇㔒ᙝ㜳θ㙂䖹儎7%6 considering accurate antenna pattern and ᇼᓜૂཝ䠅Ⲻ7%6څ㖤ᴶ㓾Ր䲃ք㖇㔒ᙝ㜳Ⱦ evaluated the coverage probability and spectral efficiency. Through numerical results, we observed that the absorption effect degrades the network performance of THz networks. It is also observed that the larger antenna array size and larger bias value of THz base station (TBS) can improve the network performance, whereas higher TBS density with large amount of bias to the TBS will eventually degrade the network performance. 12094
NANO-THERANOSTIC SYSTEM 㓩㊩䱱ᯣ㌱㔕 We have recently reported a nano-theranostic system, denoted as Ce6-CuS/MSN@PDA@MnO2-FA NPs, which combines photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with hypoxia-relieving and tumor-targeting functionalities. Central of this design is using mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating to encapsulate the Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) core. The PDA coating not only acts as a pH sensing gatekeeper to prevent premature release of Ce6 under non-acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), but also facilitates post-functionalization so that hypoxia-relieving MnO2 nano-sheets and tumor-targeting ligand folic acid-PEG-thiol (FA-PEG-SH) can be decorated on the outer part of the drug system. In vitro and in vivo measurements clearly demonstrated that all these functionalities worked synergistically as expected. The system, having a low dark cytotoxicity, can be effectively internalized by 4T1 cells and decrease the cell viability to 2% upon 660 nm/808 nm laser irradiation. Tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice can be almost completely destroyed in 2 weeks via com bi ned P D T / P T T. To g e t h e r w i t h t h e t u m o r m i cr oenvi r onm ent ( TM E ) - sensi t i ve MR imaging perf ormanc e demonstrated, Ce6-CuS/MSN@PDA@MnO2-FA NPs represent a multifunctional prototype which holds great potential to be developed I nto clinical theranostics. ᵢᇔ僂ᇚᴶ䘇ਇᐹҼжѠ㔉ਾҼ⌋⯍࣑ࣞݿδ3'7εȽ⌋⯍✣ݿδ377εȽާᥥδ05εᡆ܅ф㕰≝㕉䀙ૂ㛵ⱚ䶬ੇ ࣕ㜳θѰ&H&X6061#3'$#0Q2)$ 13VⲺ㓩㊩⋱⯍㌱㔕Ⱦ䈛䇴䇗ⲺṮᗹᱥ⭞䍱䍓ਇⲺ㚐ཐᐪ㜰δ3'$ε⎸ቸθ ሼ䍕䖳Ҽ&KORULQ Hδ&Hεૂ⺡ौ䬒㓩㊩㋈ᆆδ&X6 13VεⲺԁᆊӂ≝ौ㓩㊩㋈ᆆδ061εṮᗹሷ㻻Ⱦ3'$⎸ቸуӻ ਥԛ䱨↘&H൞䶔䞮ᙝⲺ㛵ⱚᗤ⧥ູδ70(εѣ䗽ᰟ䠀᭴θ㙂ъ䘎ᇯ䇮ᣀ㕉䀙㕰≝Ⲻ0Q2㓩㊩⡽㛵ⱚሲੇⲺ IROLF DFLG3(*WKLROδ)$3(*6+ε㻻侦൞㦥⢟рȾ։ཌૂ։⎁䠅ൽᾐ൦ᱴ⽰࠰θ䘏ӑࣕ㜳ޞ䜳ྸ人ᵕ㡢ਇᥛ অੂ֒⭞Ⱦ䈛㌱㔕ޭᴿք㓼㜔∈ᙝθਥԛ㻡7㓼㜔ᴿ᭾൦ौθ㙂ъ൞QPQP◶➝ݿሺсθ㓼㜔⍱࣑ਥ㻡с䲃 ࡦȾ䙅䗽㚊ਾ3'7377θ䮵൞ⲳ㘷啖䓡рⲺ7㛵ⱚ൞ઞࠖ҄ਥ㻡ᇂ⚣⎾ޞȾ䘔ੂޭᴿ㛵ⱚᗤ⧥ູδ70(εᮅⲺ 05ᡆ܅ᙝ㜳θ&H&X6061#3'$#0Q2)$13VᤛᴿᶷཝⲺѪᓀ⋱⯍▒࣑Ⱦ Fig. (14a) Schematic illustration of a nano-theranostic system. 223503
ARTIFICIAL VISUAL SYSTEM OF RECORD-LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR NEXT GENERATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 䎻ք㙍㜳ⲺӰᐛ㿼㿿㌱㔕䘑᯦жԙӰᐛᲰ㜳ਇኋ Our team has built an ultralow-power consumption artificial visual system on flexible plastics to mimic human brain, which has successfully performed data-intensive cognitive tasks (Fig. **). Our experiment results could provide a promising device system for the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, published in Science Advances. Artificial synapse is an artificial version of synapse - the gap across which the two neurons passing through electrical signals to communicate with each other in brain. It is a device that mimics the brain's efficient neural signal transmission and memory formation process. To e nhanc e t he e n e rg y e ffi c i e n c y o f th e arti fi ci al synapses, our research team has i ntr oduced quasi-two-dimensional electron gases (quasi-2DEGs) into artificial neuromorphic systems as a pioneer. By utilizing oxide superlattice nanowires - a kind of semiconductor with intriguing electrical properties – developed by us, we have designed the quasi-2DEG photonic synaptic devices which have achieved a record-low energy consumption down to sub-femtojoule (0.7fJ) per synaptic event. It means a decrease of 93% energy consumption when compared with synapses in human brain, and the energy consumption rivals the available synapse-inspired electronics. More important, the artificial visual system, which is based on our photonic synapses, could simultaneously perform light detection, brain-like processing and memory functions in an ultralow-power manner, providing a promising strategy to build artificial neuromorphic systems for applications in bionic devices, electronic eyes, and multifunctional robotics in future. 3110
ᵢᇔ僂ᇚഘ䱕൞ਥᕥᴨⲺງᯏрᔰҼжѠ䎻ք㜳㙍ⲺӰᐛ㿼㿿㌱㔕ԛ⁗ԵӰ㝇θᐨᡆࣕ൦ᢝ㺂Ҽޭᇼ䳼ᮦᦤⲺ䇚⸛Աࣗ δഴ εȾᡇԢⲺᇔ僂㔉᷒ਥѰсжԙӰᐛᲰ㜳δ$,εᓊ⭞ᨆⷱࢃޭבᙝⲺ䇴༽㌱㔕θެ㔉᷒Ӝ ᐨਇ㺞൞Ʌ6FLHQFH $GYDQFHV〇ᆜ䘑ኋɆрȾӰᐛシ䀜ᱥӰᐛ⡾ᵢⲺシ䀜θཝ㝇ѣњѠ⾔㔅ݹ䙐䗽⭫ؗਭ ӈӚ⍷Ⲻ䰪䳏ȾᆹᱥжѠ⁗Եཝ㝇儎᭾⾔㔅ؗਭՖ䗉ૂ䇦ᗼᖘᡆ䗽ぁⲺ䇴༽ȾѰҼᨆ儎Ӱᐛシ䀜Ⲻ㜳䠅᭾⦽θᡇԢⲺ ⹊ガഘ䱕⦽ݾሼӂ㔪⭫ᆆ≊δTXDVL'(*VεᕋޛӰᐛ⾔㔅ᖘᘷ㌱㔕Ⱦ䙅䗽⭞ᡇԢᔶਇⲺ≝ौ⢟䎻ᲬṲ㓩㊩㓵θ ж〃ޭᴿ䏙ⲺⲺ⭫ᆜ⢯ᙝⲺঀሲ։θᡇԢ䇴䇗Ҽ'(*ݿᆆシ䀜㻻㖤θᇔ⧦Ҽ∅⅗シ䀜Ֆ䗉Ⲻ㜳䠅⎾㙍䲃ք㠩Ӑᗤ❜㙩 δI-εⲺ䇦ᖋȾфӰ㝇Ⲻシ䀜∊θӰᐛシ䀜ᱥⲺ㜳㙍䲃քҼ θ㙂ъެ㜳㙍ਥф⧦ᴿфシ䀜ީⲺ⭫ᆆӝ შ㗄Ⱦᴪ䠃㾷Ⲻᱥθ⭧ӄᡇԢⲺݿᆆシ䀜ⲺӰᐛ㿼㿿㌱㔕ਥԛੂᰬԛ䎻քࣕ⦽Ⲻᯯᕅ䘑㺂ݿỶ⎁Ƚ㊱ղཝ㝇Ⲻ༺⨼ૂ 䇦ᗼࣕ㜳θሯᵠᶛӰᐛ⾔㔅ᖘᘷ㌱㔕θྸԵ⭕䇴༽Ƚ⭫ᆆᡌཐࣕ㜳ᵰಞӰⲺᓊ⭞θᱥжѠཝᴿਥѰⲺㆌ⮛Ⱦ Fig. (15a) Artificial visual systems enabled by quasi-two-dimensional electron gases in oxide superlattice nanowires. 32
HIGH THROUGHPUT PLATFORM FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF MILLIMETER-WAVE INFLUENCE ON THE NEURAL SYSTEM OF ZEBRAFISH LARVAE ∡㊩⌘ሯᯇ傢劲ᒲ։⾔㔅㌱㔕ᖧଃⲺ儎䙐䠅⹊ガᒩਦ The human body exposes to electromagnetic field (EMF) of different frequency ranges in daily life. With the increasing prolonged use of mobile devices, the safety of related EMF on the nervous system is a public concern. The World Health Organization has recommended large-scale long-term study on mobile phone users. The majority of existing studies are unable to establish a link between EMF in wireless communications and health issues. Despite decades of research, mmWave effects remained controversial due to technical challenges such as the limited sample size in experiments that involve animal models. We are developing a high-throughput platform to investigate mmWave influence on the neural system of zebrafish larvae using significantly reduced experimental preparation and analysis time. By testing different radiation levels, a reference safety level could be identified for further studies. ൞ᰛᑮ⭕⍱ѣθӰ։Րࡦуੂ仇⦽㤹പⲺ⭫൰δ(0)εⲺᖧଃȾ 䳅ֵ⭞〱ࣞ䇴༽ᰬ䰪Ⲻ໔ࣖθީ⭫൰ሯ⾔㔅 ㌱ 㔕 Ⲻ ᆿ ޞᙝ ᡆ Ѱ ޢՍ ީ ⌞ Ⲻ 䰤 从 Ⱦ ь ⮂ ড ⭕ 㓺 㓽 ᔰ 䇤 ሯ ᢁ ᵰ ⭞ ᡭ 䘑 㺂 ཝ 㿺 ⁗ Ⲻ 䮵 ᵕ ⹊ ガ Ⱦ ⧦ ᴿ Ⲻ ⹊ ガ ཝ ཐ ᰖ ⌋ ሼ ᰖ 㓵 䙐 ؗѣ Ⲻ ( 0 ) ф ڛᓭ 䰤 从 㚊 㔉 Ⱦ ታ ㇗ 䘑 㺂 Ҽ ᮦ ॷ ᒪ Ⲻ ⹊ ガ θ ռ ⭧ ӄ ⎿ ࣞ ⢟ ⁗ ශ Ⲻ ᇔ 僂 ѣ ṭ ᵢ 䠅 ᴿ 䲆 ㅿ ᢶ ᵥ ᥇ ᡎ θ ∡ ㊩ ⌘Ⲻᖧଃԃ❬ᆎ൞ҿ䇤Ⱦ ᡇԢ↙൞ᔶਇжѠ儎䙐䠅ᒩਦθࣗ≸㜳ཝᑻᓜࠅቇ⹊ガ∡㊩⌘ሯᯇ傢劲ᒲ㲡⾔㔅㌱㔕Ⲻᖧଃᡶ 䴶Ⲻᇔ僂༽ૂ࠼᷆ᰬ䰪Ⱦ䙅䗽⎁䈋уੂ䗆ሺ≪ᒩθᶛ䢪ᇐжѠᆿޞ৸㘹≪ᒩԛבሼᶛ⹊ガҁ⭞Ⱦ 3130
Fig. (16b) Fig. (16c) Fig. (16d) 34
DESIGN OF LUMINESCENT TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES AS BIOMOLECULAR PROBES ਇⲺݿ䗽䠇ኔགྷਾ⢟䇴䇗⭞֒⭕⢟࠼ᆆ᧘䪾 Many transition metal complexes have been applied as biomolecular probes and cellular reagents because of their intense emission with large Stokes shifts. Importantly, their long emission lifetimes allow time-gated and time-resolved microscopy with enhanced sensitivity. Also, a number of complexes exhibit two-photon absorption behavior and can be readily designed to absorb and emit at long wavelengths, which can offer higher resolution, lower phototoxicity, and deeper tissue penetration. In this laboratory, photofunctional complexes carrying a molecular substrate have been developed as luminescent probes for protein receptors. Complexes modified with a reactive functional group have also been designed as biological labels. Additionally, luminescent transition metal complexes have been utilized for bioimaging and intracellular sensing. 䇮ཐ䗽䠇ኔ䞃ਾ⢟㻡⭞֒⭕⢟࠼ᆆ᧘䪾ૂ㓼㜔䈋ࡸθഖᆹԢޭᴿཝᯥᢎށᯥփ〱ⲺᕰਇݿȾ䠃㾷ⲺᱥθᆹԢⲺ䮵ਇݿ ስળֵᰬ䰪䰞ૂᰬ䰪࠼䗞ᱴᗤᡆޭ܅ᴿᴪᕰⲺ⚫ᮅᓜȾ↚ཌθ䇮ཐ䞃ਾ⢟ҕ㺞⧦࠰ਂݿᆆ੮᭬㺂Ѱθ㙂ъ䙐䗽䇴䇗 ਥԛᖾᇯ᱉൦ᇔ⧦䮵⌘䮵сⲺ੮᭬ૂਇሺθԄ㙂ᨆבᴪ儎Ⲻ࠼䗞⦽ȽᴪքⲺ∈ݿᙝૂᴪⲺ㓺㓽サ䙅Ⱦᵢᇔ僂ᇚᐨ㔅 ᔶਇᩰᑜ࠼ᆆᓋ⢟Ⲻࣕݿ㜳䞃ਾ⢟Ѱ㴁ⲳ䍞։Ⲻਇ᧘ݿ䪾θԛ䇴䇗Ҽޭਃᓊᙝᇎ㜳ഘⲺ䞃ਾ⢟Ѱ⭕⢟ḽㆴȾ↚ཌθ ਇݿ䗽䠇ኔ䞃ਾ⢟䘎㻡⭞ӄ⭕⢟ᡆૂ܅㓼㜔ՖȾ 3105
Fig. (17a) K. K.-W. Lo. Luminescent Rhenium(I) and Iridium(III) Polypyridine Complexes as Biological Probes, Imaging Reagents, and Photocytotoxic Agents. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 2985. K. K.-W. Lo. Molecular Design of Bioorthogonal Probes and Imaging Reagents Derived from Photofunctional Transition Metal Complexes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 32. 36
BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND MICROSYSTEMS WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS AND PROCESSING UNITS ޭᴿ䳼ᡆՖಞૂ༺⨼ঋ⭕Ⲻݹ⢟ॱᆜ䇴༽ૂᗤ㌱㔕 With our superb micro- and nano-fabrication capabilities, we can design and fabricate biomedical devices and microsystems for early detection and treatment of diseases. One example is a microfluidic system with plasmonic biosensors for fast, high sensitivity, low cost, portable and more accurate detection of exosomes from tumor. ٕࠣᡇԢউ䏀Ⲻᗤ㓩㊩䙖㜳࣑θᡇԢਥԛ䇴䇗ૂ䙖⭕⢟ॱᆜ䇴༽ૂᗤ㌱㔕θ⭞ӄ⯴⯻ⲺᰟᵕỶ⎁ૂ⋱⯍Ⱦ жѠׁᆆᱥᑜᴿㅿ⿱ᆆ։⭕⢟ՖಞⲺᗤ⍷։㌱㔕θ⭞ӄᘡ䙕Ƚ儎⚫ᮅᓜȽքᡆᵢȽᩰૂᴪ⺤൦Ỷ⎁ᶛ㠠 㛵ⱚⲺཌ⌂։Ⱦ Fig. (18a) 1307
BIOMIMETIC PLATFORMS TO CONTROL )LJD AND SEPARATE CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES ૂ࠼⿱㓼㜔ૂ⭕⢟࠼ᆆⲺԵ⭕ᒩਦ Using nanoimprint technology, we can build 3D scaffolds with nanostructures. The surface and structural morphologies allow us to control cell locomotive behaviors. These engineered platforms allow us to separate cancer cells from normal cells. ֵ⭞㓩㊩ুদᢶᵥθᡇԢਥԛᶺᔰޭᴿ㓩㊩㔉ᶺⲺ'᭥ᷬȾ㺞䶘ૂ㔉ᶺᖘᘷֵᡇԢ㜳ཕ㓼㜔䘆ࣞ㺂ѰȾ 䘏ӑᐛぁᒩਦֵᡇԢ㜳ཕሼⲂ㓼㜔ф↙ᑮ㓼㜔࠼ᔶȾ Fig. (19a) 38
CORE RESEARCH FACILITIES Ṯᗹ⹊ガ䇴༽ (i) Microwave, millimeter-wave and THz antenna measurement facilities (ii) Microwave, millimeter-wave and THz circuit and IC measurement facilities (iii) THz spectroscopy measurement facilities (iv) Leica Point Scanning Confocal Microscope (Stellaris 8) 3D confocal image of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor growth in 150×150 µm2 microwells. NPC43 cancer cells (red) occupied center of microwells while NP460 nasopharyngeal epithe- lial cells (green) were pushed to sidewalls. 3D confocal images of NPC tumor growth in a 50×50 µm2 microwell. NPC43 cancer cells (red) formed spheroid at center of microwell and NP460 epithelial cells (green) grew along side- walls surrounding NPC spheroid. Fluorescence images of NP460 epithelial cells on surface with different plasma treatments in O2, N2, and Ar. 3190
(v) Atomic Layer Deposition System (vi) 3D printing facilities PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS 䇰ᮽૂщ Publications issued by, and projects and patents awarded to laboratory members can be accessed via below links: Publications http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~sklmw/publications.html Grants http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~sklmw/projects.html Patents http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~sklmw/patents.html 40
STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS ᆜ⭕ᡆቧ COMPETITION / CONFERENCE AWARD YEAR T he G o ld Award in AS M Tec hnology Awar d 2021 2021 Antenna and The 21st IEEE (HK) AP/MTT Postgraduate Conference Propagation 2020 Student The 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference of Antennas and Propagation Paper Award and 2020, 2015 (APCAP) Microwave Theory 2019 a n d Te c h n i q u e s 2019 The 2019 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) Student Paper 2019 Award 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (AP-S) 2015 Best Student National Sandwich PhD Scholarship Paper Award First 2015 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Prize Student Innovation Competition IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) the 2015 Eugene Best Student F. K no tt Memo rial Pre - Doc t or al Res ear c h Awar d Paper Prize 2015 IEEE TENCON IEEE Hong Kong Section 2014 (Postgraduate) Student Paper Contest First Prize Student European Frequency and Time Forum Paper Award National Conference on Antennas Honorable Mention International Symposium on Antenna and Propagation Award Student Best Paper Award 2015 Young Scientist 2015 Award 2014 Student Awards 2014 Best Student Paper Award 2013 Scholarship 2015, 2014, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 4110
COMPETITION / CONFERENCE AWARD YEAR IEEE M i cr o w a ve Th e o r y a n d Te ch n i q u e s So ci e t y ( M T T- S) Graduate Fellowship Graduate 2004 IEEE Region 10 (Asia Pacific) Student Paper Contest Fellowship (Undergraduate) 1st Prize 2004 IEEE Region 10 Student Paper Contest (Postgraduate Category) 2nd Prize 2004 1st Prize 2008, 2004 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2nd Prize 2010, 2007, 2002 3rd Prize 2003 IEEE In te r n a ti o n a l C o n f e r e n ce o n I n d u st r i a l Te ch n o l o g y Best Student IEEE International Microwave Symposium Student Paper Competition Paper Award 2005 8 th C h a l l e n g e r C u p C o m p e t i t i o n So u t h C h i n a U n i ve r si t y o f Te ch n o l o g y 7th Challenger Cup Xian Jiaotong University Best Student 2006 In te r n a ti o n a l Fu l b r i g h t Sci e n ce a n d Te ch n o l o g y Aw a r d Microwave Prize Outstanding Paper Award at the Broadband World Forum Asia Best paper 2008 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Champion 2008 Microwave and Millimetre-wave Symposium of China Best Paper Award 2005 1st Prize 2004 3rd Prize 2003 Distinction Award 2003 2nd Prize 2003 2nd Prize 2001 3rd Prize 2001 2007 Merit Prize 2008 Bronze Priz 2008 Certificate of Best Paper Award 2008 Best Paper Award 2007 42
Laboratory Contact | ǰԥةԓͷ Laboratory Contact | ǰԥةԓͷ Contact | ԓͷ State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves (City University of Hong Kong) ƖኈᣙӍМࡌŚŝȶžǰԥة뻛ВࠑΝ̤ęƓ Room 15-200, 15/F, Lau Ming Wai Academic Building, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Вࠑ̖ȍDŽ؈ҡصУƥɢ83̸ВࠑΝ̤ęƓํ⏄Ɠ֞15֞15-200ة T | ǗƸ(852) 3442 4895 F | ʏNJ̙Ŭ(852) 3442 0353 E | Ǘ skl@cityu.edu.hk W | ȅν http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~sklmw/ 4130
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