ตะลุยโจทย์-Basic-Grammar

Exercise 3 u-fl 'slnce' niio'for' t$rttttsnrielil# 1. fi 6 oe-nesrufr urirurn n-utu*s dufi eo n-ufi\"u rlfl nnar (for) nars-ilufrr 2. d ar asa\"utrilfifi e:unq ar\"naia uuaauilnns-r (for) uruufir 3. a-u\"lu'lfifirhngnr-naiaur,aafiusi (srnce) n 2oP 4. atunn#rusi (stnce) uf,rnposi'uf 5. ilanrar'lfifaerunrma\"snqufitnaa$or) il1ilulfl 6. naia$\"lfifeeunrur*a-sua#rwi (stnce) rdar+4arnuiliiufia .7 ilaurirosa\"illfiugissr$n\"%il'uflnna\"r (for) 25 -ilufia 8. fl$1sras%1{q0riu#r+\"lfiusissrun'uu, #ruri (stnce) 2005 9. +h1fi'fea$iils1ilfisd{shee) a'ufi arqfitnt 10. u-nr5auneirdtfidtmu-s6lan-uilrfiusi (stnce) fiT Tusrf,rufia Exercise 4 )u unenf,1noilxQnn0{ 1. nau{o c qnrorffinErfurna'sornfrq@ ar 2. asroufra dolafinruiinfstar{dtfitlu6r.\".aurrtfr reiou'itat'tfr (weeps) rauo 3. cnarffo 4ouuidratnanta'fuad (ts sleePlng) aeiraunaur+s 4. bnorffo a-utriarnranaan'lrlffrruon'lfi $reT ca'uetth$rilri66q (have not flntshed) 5. bnauffo a-urhdsq:fl! (am seetng) 4orngra{qrrehuqs# alnecd${anrrutolqnrlfiut't G. bnarfia fiuflrpra'suanfkrrdnprurle:dtnelndn#q (has succeeded) lnnra-tluttr4nuvu 7. anorfra lnfufihatota\"ulh(goes) {T sruTosan1neldre{esdrfl1s 8. cnat{o do4r*il'Hmrufr (have done) 4ororoo;oan}le1nfiosdtfi nr4atowi BASIC GRAMMAR 153

9. 6au{o a q rxal@ a{oh n r a ni m o u fiIil r+Ia n r a t o s 4 or ii o & r,r u n' rr 1{ 10. nor{a a s{rl1ila1fl1?rf,T riar+fr qrxo;sanh (go) ffisuan 11. narffa c dnfrtrer pr udtfinnmilrr (tras vrcnea) fr 11 uu.nr ara oa'rufie 12. srarffa d 16'r uradra\"rficr?o[r (ls conslderln g) n,rer a # ou cirufl r+s I as q-fi 13. narffa d ah@rimnrreernrrrm'sucimaunen4rnariiaimurufi e 14. flau{a a nasoh rfiqnlgoes) aarTan 15. qarffa a ilatoilurirdr{o ftas Just bought) riTura-fltrei larririra-rarrfsoqjiir.rhTr+nauf, 16. ihl(gQHauffo a r,,rr n ul uffr fi+ 6s uuaTrr n #rl o r tia y d a s pr evs 17. qailffa c uenrardralrfi (are havtng) narardunduruadrrurnn\"ui6Tarnarf,(nei{una*f 18. qauffa a tre6urdarrn (eat) unsfrouacalrrasirslnrnurcriifieatrofiniau 19. Hauffa a d\"rr a u r a sq rufi ndn (smel Is) fi aukaer fi 6ee r[\"rn a u o Jtatr6 a 20. enorffo c a\"u rltrnrs{Sq (ha v fl n I shed) 15 a ria er ufrr a\"ilfl f a u fr e y'[rJ un u ui r+ n-l q or 21. Hauffa b andrerasilanrarfi prrrurirfi'6 fl aiauqndr (remembers) \"lfr'lndsrlnoeirr 22. c,,a:Uilab +\"ud'm1rrh (am cookln g) a,nrrauffr a g'l*, a ud E n dn orq4 ruri osTfl eu rldtfl e.l 23. qaufio c adruarru-qf, anrdr#u'lrl%suanu-uUhilrra(do_lolbelong)qrx 24. na:uila a {{rrludsfi arsntr naiautn (speaks) nrurara'rrld nrurdnluuasnrrrgoeuir 25. sraufio d fl ?nt?@ rirnotrasurnmtfl r+mardasrnauufrr 26. fiauffo c e*n-unauf qnrng@rinruyrusfr\"ufi rudordtre'rrdn1 27. aa:uila b *oafuaqjdtnu\" *urrdrairdou (ls repatrlng) anrotrrracrluTamn' 28. Houffa c a\"ua-nnruerilnfi6asfi\"'a\"riHE{haveseen)u-r+urdriafr'.rnrvsu5r 29. natfia b dlfi )a'ulsi ar u m n a a n'[rL m a u ahdralree (a m wa r t n g fdrtfl e rflr^r ri'ru a qi uf30. narffa b e n'fir H a a\"uft\"lrifi (have not had) Ta n.rd iie s nare d ail {a u afi-ra'r 1,54 A' {nr\"oatri 4nroirg

Post Tenses Exercise I 6an1ftrr past slmple ralrrisrlnNdu 1. t(ruen|-rl iiufr r a\"r+h rja v wr rl a\"s n qu1u rirsriu n q nu\"n ai a 2. *rhtfln (was) fisiiirtto6sl 3. ahag' (was) n\"lrdantasa\"udasnil 4. flrnre1rBJgilifl (vlslted) aoruiiiirlT au1qal'lnil,rel 5. lu1n1rf,r uanua,6'n (walked) lilmruntntttmssirs{un?{aanoail 6. lup1ufiu uenuerllil-(rued) tfierear\"t 7. aTnrrlnvu6 (was) adrsuTurlanle 8. xuLisn (dtdrotroh) urnnir'la 9. udnrnrar'lfid$ (sa\\d {sfiur\"[\"rfraeasT u 10. eot@ drsr'nnqou-naiar+iiai1+rurdltutia Exercise 2 6en1ftl past slmple niio past contlnuous ro{fYt-go1dHt2'ilall 1. a'r+tn (saw) nraurisir-%uudrlaalfluprfsuennar+da'urirdla, rfgeg' (was llvlng) tilfireadn 2. elndratnn (was ratntng) 6r-{uvuilenr?'rosdntnle (dectded) dotaqid,unaanfl'sdrsilrer 3. eilrhsifi (were you dolng) oJlenaudqtHutqrn-n{H (haPPened) 4. a-urirairis$ (was wrtttng) Eman-rddTmrasa\"r+aqjnaufrteiau&na-(ealled) urtrduuaE 5. urnre.rn',ratrtio (were dtscus$ng) rlqrT rirr{r+iirirsruaqinauiiTtunaduraaulJsmed) lorqan\"turntarfieEl 6. uauoq{'dratr-um (was drlvhg) tasilesurflnoufrentasn'ttn (htt) fiuld nrqaTovrei BASIC GRAM 155

7. teiauFn (was) qntqn\"uli'reilln6seunesr&neior.r'lfiri,rufieri\"rr,rruin (dropped) uazdu (started) 5or'[ri Exercise 3 GenHgrr past slmple r6a past perfect relniisrl$r{du 1. dauiiaheucrn (!eft) ertrtnsla-n a\"il1ft6$xt1il (had been) ilegrrri?.te&r6afirer#su5a -2 u,{fifuJhad he-drunk) rfi sdtilfi ienufiariariiu,raenqrn 0eft) ait'[r.r 3. noufiilantermf,r (got) iitiru urnrerrfin (saw) 'jrtprer.rlsor$'lfiqnEn (had braken) A 'ril't$,t lilv tfl 0 fl ftilfl J taeJt neo maa tt-r+n n 4. +h@ dra-u'lfiriru-sramen-nr os ahdrunrs (had Iost) qunas fl's a'u nsrglu (trted) dqsars uQu Fi,r arfl rerir iin-fi Fr.r Fl.r? 5' nar+fitrnuernrft (arrlved) iiri,urasfidau r.mnrardnrru (dtscovered) .imaiau'lfr' rhernte (had coo ked) fi\"a ri.rlihl'r^n n rer fepl Uia s ufi r Exercise 4 1. norfro d ahd'dlerufi (was takng) qa$fi oorTflas{rflr 2. narffa a frtrenrorq'uleirrahLqlar.turriauuasqunesfltH,r:hlGorl{uent) iiu'r+nr'oiriiufia 3. marffo b tTaoud'mtFn (was feeltng) trsurn ucin6iau\"lfin\"a8u1eiiquaan'hlffrsuano_ci6 4. norffa b a\"uframtr(wanted)fr os'hl.i,rerd\"ruciil\"rn'urfi uil.rnrfi u\"[r.t 5. narffa b n ou f-iloa\"uuu t u nf.sal uan rai a udrdlEn (was standlng) aqjiia;ufi as rai o 6. narffa a nru iln n-ufieyaarisina usiru' o6 unrdtr (read) n+i'sfr a 7. qouffo d ua urnrasJnnan (used to getuP) usirfl1$r' am oiliinria ur'n a qj iifi 8. nouffa d ullu\"uarnrfi q omfi a'ld'eanlrjuf,e (had al ready l\"ft) n a ufi a-r+ur n-s 9. narfra a eilnhrfl€rhffihod(wereyoud naurfr,rlersrf,rru'ar.uf 10. marfra d rlilun ; nr rir a u n rn--eq n rfl u'i rl n e#n n u'[6'trEuJhadLaken) fi r+-s f, a r a s n fi 156 o? {nfaanf lnroSrg

11. natffa b n ou n-,n zu l.lrreur a urlratftg$ (was studyl n g) nrtr a\"lnqtoqi 12. norffa a ?rnr?ftl{rfl a1rrfl 1nmu1ilfl asilannnrdied$ (flnlshed) rdaeaefr1usiizuruan 13. narfia c nor+iia-udTdqq(waswatchlng)Tyren?trf rfr asn6srta;4fi oil-i 14. fiouffo a nn{a (bou g ht) a nfl u ei'o\"il'ln ei d a 16 a u iiu6e usi n{ri tFi o tr a t uh u r n wi rla u\"n 15. nauffo b a'u ua rri\"rh q n'tu a: ntu t nu ii a'tdT ft rh (wa s cookt n g) ar tratf,r oqi 16. notffo d qr t as+--u{ur{# (had been smokt n g) ufl uueard6r-r.lufien a udurT r6n4ttr+d4a 17. Hauffo a a'uhildhtldtdnl-eall) rnr 4 ord arT r+fi' u,ar gtnaFfnfr os a\"*Gler 18. fiorfra a urrrira-seaenToradrarlasdrfl T saqjnoufr urnloartrfrs (attacked) u$r 19. nailffa b a-uufi udrqntrarasa-udratnenna'u(wassleePlng)ahdsn\"er8utq'laiilqnulr 20. eauffo c rdaelrfi\"renua'r'[rla-sfifianinr\"rliiu\"reillsu?isflfr{dflanre'r'trina'1il6fft{h€dn'f vlslted) rioutrlT# 21. notffa d riouiirrnua,r'lto1 ndoulfiea (had been waltlnd uenrarddn, fi eolrlrfl uuaar a'rarfe1usufir 22. nau{o a er 6atn ru of Tn d'u t? dnrru (dt scove red) n-e r.t o nr6nrtu-rl a.Ft. 1492 n@23. Har{a d reudaEiiid{udarfioudufir fr r1uuaariounrirf 24. notfra c *.Cr* (t \"a *.ftt\"n) ennursfi'rau-un-s{o-onTerior*ftud4otnrfilfia\"rnrenatnd't 25. notfra b ndauriraithn'tlndseT n (was cleanlng) frosil'st6irleauf,tffiur?lcrsur.lan{unre\"r 26. grou{a c +11'tfidE ftad aSked) ?{2ntfl'tttltl'11{artrerirtarapre'triaufiurntrr'lfiHounnal 27. 9',a:Uila c q *r, q ntu na. Er\"[fi64n (had-leek€d) rJ e; q 1 n t'r u ri a u due n nT a a n'[rl 28. natffa b uennnm(came)tdsufl ante1fi aretp,e'sfl a$fi ilenualarrflsa-cfl uffi osu6arn\"r+ 29. crauffa b ofiitu{uenr)'lTari\"rlnfr+'lurieri'utqnamiiaiTuerT 30. natna c 4nruanS{fi\"fiarnra{yts) traaeirsquuaufr o-tdu5r usin6iailfftfirrfl traToEI dnrgeolufir sraqatoYrd BASIC GRAMMAR 757

Future Tenses Exercise I rn-ur.tflIsn1f;afl gmrifrra'wtll'ua:niisrr'qnfrertundar 1. A: prr*asrnflruoibfi B. aruq:ro (wtll have) uquriitn\"rflane'l 2. A: muaiff, nrrfi aau #ufi\"uaicjs rura-uois 1ua v o dn1ilfi a s ne-r8 B: od1n\"sra1ilr,asac'u arue;fr{ar$ (wtll do)'lfruaiuor 3. A: 6ra fiprunonfs qnrrira-reolnaoqjniontrir B: td ahaodrtruoerrira-rurfisuA'rua a-r+esfln (wlll open) il?e,r,{ 4. A: ri,r'[u4rxorralripTprr.lufern6\"ofirrir1ai; B: 6u aheilildsil (wtll vts[) nrda{laaard'ari\"rriruuSalfiiu 5. A: q rr0s,rnenrruotrrari,r iiri,ru +'ruuar1n qaudasfi\"n-u'[nu aia B: rfiunmaraoiifi a\"ue:rh (wttl brtng) \"teritilfrae 6. A: qu\"u8fiErrhaanumrnmdosrilflmndra B: lq r*^l n mr6a sri au ua ; a\"uesTrnf?sn (wt l phone) u6,rtrrh ii prerru rr aa on-Er Exercise 2 rn-au*Taolf;gngtnffiaa'wt I l' r6e -won't, ua:n6arlnal6t Iesu5atsitle:rfl$ (wlll schools be) niulalr+ar.nnn Tnn? dsaglua-a 14 -rJua;arrflaaqj lunqsaouoau fipraratproufiudrTesrsetunre:fia'nrog (wlll probably be) unnciltaanliladrsilln ernltltSErulllfloquh \"\"ufinp{il (wtll go) Iesr6s%u6i#{nrriasflu-re-l.rwi.nrvu Ea rnlfuo-qrd uan utmsf?s$ (wlll work) frterun6ornaafierqaddlrsr6sr+ usiilrnuvrerhifi (won't have) nrerjruuas 4rur\"t,'unu.ae:rfl$ (wlti be) riuar+oi ahaod{asrAeruear+r'hlr6suulnn.j{ugaufi- usiarfl.aqELi (won't be) oeogarrn\" 1s8 oa. {na\"oanf lnrofry

Exercise 3 tdenlillliqnfrar 1. A: \"4rxfiasnratfra\"urira4r*1ru\" B: \"tai torqrxna\"t ear{%q:riag (ls golng to help) ,{e{ros' 2. A: \"4r*fiasnraeYrdrr6anruilEnalr' B: \"\"aruesra (wlll have) nruilufied'une1\" 3. A: \"ri,luqnrdrdrudflsi'rrisrosqn+ei;\" B: \"aruq:flrr (am golng to have) ortmnarsrinn\"tqndTeralnqirasaru\" 4. A: -a'u,ftfl ufr'asilan-uaora-ilfi\"' b: --zuilfl 'ra{s&aaitfi.ur,rnufi.1r*u orrfi' urierruqsndunr (wll l be) lun,rafl a-s' 5. A: *uarunrerasqrxdmaht'unqnuhaiou6oaJta\" B: \"+-ueihdeil (am gotng to vlslt) ilauaitasa-'ulfluraardardrua,-uuavqc'tilfiorif,s'tilfiaeodn' Exercise 4 Je 6On619eUllQn9A.{ 1. bnarffa ahd'rpqthahcj[rra (wlll call) rrqr*r\"ufiiia\"u\"tfidtrireprmeashurfi'rs 2. dqouffa narfi\"rosaiurqrf nouc:un (ull be flyhg) aqimfiaurrdegteuonuaufinesn'jrs nra6nrrs}luadgl\"% 3. cnor{a nesrttlr6iruvuqfiri\"rrr+-nrurn a'nes6a (wtll carry) rlru*s1t1n#r+1frqr*uas 4. cnaufio frasiltTfiuradnriau qrxrrn'jratne:nn (WIl lt r€tn) lnu 5. bcrauf,o *a6{frosnraundrn-rqr*' *nqnmronroadrarare;Trm (wlll cal!) trtoan\"r+fifr'jTs' 6. dflarffa riauqr*o;nairur rdautar4nrnsqsaen6$it (wlll have left) }Juerfir^tadrfieru5r 7. cgroufra il?nr?1@ 4nraqjnouiiankanfis 8. dnar{a \"ililn'nsrauf,rr6oTuruqsfi\"u;' \"\"talvrufiter arue;rirat{rlr$ (wlll be worklng) nouf,tu6nTus' g. caor{o *a-unecn,rprli\"'rerrn\" \"arue:r'r (wlll gel) adlarur1fi4rxdu rorldnniari\"rtrfids' nrqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 159

10. nauffo c nailrfidne;#flftt (wlll start) nousrtusnar 11. natffa d nar*raoaeifr fi rdruratosa\"uqsna'!flr (wlII return) luEnErLuT fi 12. nat{a c utn\"uiianT fiu;! a\"ue:slail (wtII be weartng) G\"ou6nrnn3uprs 13. norfra c rirkr q nr\"[+i l alfiq il dasais a\"uunledrmrq:des (wt Mel p) q or 14. narffa b nfiitTdruqrfi fl anre, eg$a$mEsnsm (wl I I be lylng) u il{1trfl ,ts na a o r\"tfu 15. norfro d uuuau'imrnreTqlLitd$l (won't have flntshed) sruri'sflunriaurearfi\"rosfuuqrf 16. Hauffa c nqorroeirnan6suu'oqoru,rn-sdd qnras+\"uegrhs1!$a$rCiJsti (wll be sleeptng) 17. notffo d d.n-,rr\"tu*u ^n\"r\"lri..n (*on't 1.\"\"\")'trt'lruToa'leifi 4ol 18. norfra d 4 nru, rE'uuaru'lfif,Bilqs d amrq:'tdlfi{r (won't be dotn g) a Jtedd.ro-rglnea n 19. nar{o c a-uoo'jrnresiler(wtllfl nd)drsrufihrautqdourrlnir--ull 20. norLffo b *a'uoan}lnrsr+an.tru1fi urerca-$1sifirtilrag' \"acit4eo}luas +he;lffiu (wtll lend) rtr+urinnuas\" 21. Hor{a c nour6erTus ilrnuaT c:rfidtaa (wlll be waltlng) nSost-urasuanntdnrrsarrn-s 22. norffa d otinratu 4n #r.t r6n tler n uq\"qflfim (wil ! have spent) rtur oqnrrrar o'hlufia 23. narffa b aha!&JtuflLsend) SmarrprornhqEiah'ltnsTasuaudahrff ru-n 24. nar{o c urarfJl)[auerd a unri, a\"uqsrr6nrfl6$ (wt I I be enJoyln g) n\"rfunq nr'naio r+ 25. Hauffa d raTfl uilsuFiiluurnaufriTrus\"lulfi aruc:drotd$ (wtll be playlng) {nrLoanhrdoul 26. srouffa c nlgc[)uuralof9irasilnri, eofue:rfiduw^-n (wtll have saved-)r \"u6HE-l-fiprarnu-snduoaaard 27. narila d ocirlvrenra'uasfi'irsraaruilorTnsn-sriiss ahcgrha'qrhm$od (wrll be workrng) 28. nor{a c a\"u pr adran t'rar asfl enuares (wl ll be) eeaua;fiii a6asl$#ni'1.ifl il{ 29. narffo c ahe:ri?s (wt I I he I p) 4 rx rh fi d ah rf rler ee n ra fi\"66e f,\"u 30. narffo d nrs1urdss ilanuere:rrlfid$ (wtll have flntshed) n-rnreuiumufid 160 n?. 6n?GNl.[ flnrQ?ru

Possive Voice Exercise I err.t\"aanEl actlve tf;iflnEl passlve 1. This activity will be done by the children. nane?ilfl se0nfl 1 [nau??a']nn\"l 2. The ball was thrown by the player. qntaalfiqnth{oa{uiu 3. This book is studied by these girls. fl il--sd 0taeJ 1{n n a'l % [aelmntJ?1 6u{1fl 41il 4. A good meal has been prepared by the cook nfratnrefi\"a o a o u'lfi q n r.tq sTo a vi a 5. The dishes were washed by my wife. o'ruqn fiT sTnaneeart a s a\"$ 6. The bread is ealen by the dog. tuuflsonfiuTaa{n\"t 7. The robbers will be arrested by the police Teeer q no't q uTn Eit61nfir d sirem 8. This house was built by mY father rr utra-'suond't1€fl il [n go ol1'101 a{ ilrr 9. A decision was made by the managers. n T a n-n fr ulo q nf,\"r 1 aTa et uaa rnfi tl\"'n n ra 10. Four books have been written by him. tr ut f, a ?i ui ulfi q n rfi s ufr1{To a urr 11. This tree was planted by my grandfather fr u'tfr fi u dtfi q n r1 q nTo a q rurl t o I a'u 12. Tquhmet$asc4l[cneiqdneilunttfl-'wulaostasfineneunrnbilryelseveral people EnzqalcYrei BAslc GRAMMAR

Exercise 2 esrtdanqil passtve Ifrlflfl?il aclve 1. Peter will wear this sweater. fi'fl rn o de s d e il 6\"a n-r+ r r+m n-r 2. Mr. Green teaches the biology class Friln?ft6ail2{,1{2afls,l 3. The thieves stole the money Tq e n a r er pnr rTu s r, u'hj 4. The children have done the work. 6 1Yledri\"rlT urd.ideR.\"%u5r rdn 5. Tom is going to see that film. fl aars rtilnl?ls $ ndr6or #il 6. My sister painted this picture 1,t61?1ASil1-[21A?U1{ 7. Many people watch this program. 9a li3t 1 ft 8l1El o?,tEl fl 1?1-{v il FI 8. rlames will send the letters. re u dq r6ise a fi u,rcrilrn fi' 9. Paul organized the party. ilaaso{,11{[afl{ 10. Millions of tourists visit Paris. ulilr+\"n ri o s rd fl r fl a,r s 6,r u o rE' Er a{ t il n ar il 1T d 11. An architect designed our house. d ntl rin frm u's16'a anurufi1ilfl 0 {?,r2fl r?,r 12. Steve took this photograph. dHll0mnl?t1{oi 762 6tf 4na\"oani' 4nrofrg

Exercise 3 rcr-e$iTsnlfraaporifiaaErJ past slmple ua: passlve re,{fl?^go1d[tt2.Qlall traaarnu'lfiQnr,rurfin (were seen) naurlnqnuffr}.ttutjtuta-stu*uuunt uii#r+aTrfaaqi m'o6u# rfirrri,riisireeoQnlrra6sn (were called) rarfllntrlatlfisodrmrnrsruTn tTafitu*lQflq\"u lXlwas caughfl 'lunhfi {rs6nnuru*sralnfltrl usinr,qnfllgl-a (was found) 'ltlaiflr tranus{ gnrlrda (were taken) \"lrlEr-ran']fisireaqiiiirilrnurrQnderelr$ (were questloned) uennirTotr char@r6rfi ri'rd girarq ilrsfi fis trad a s nr ufi\"Qnnd,nnr (we re lu fr a nrtqaneeu Exercise 4 GanrlT naudqnfror 1. cnarffo ru-l;larreiru3ngnffi (are used) Tnc'r\"nfesn,ra{},rafltr. 2. dnarffo ri'nfaauiira6aaaarn{dffifir{wos-glven) tunraf,nmtu\"rliiu5r 3. dnaufio frfrtfia-urou6renrirda (were taken) dsTesvrsrilra1nerudtrririio\"t$rfie 4. cnarffa enenrni'n-r+#r+en{t (ls drtven) tna{rfudfioariu b. cfiaufia na'snrrasoraraQnilrlf;rasnrg (was damaged)'lurt4auurqu-nudadasdrur\"triou 6. bnarffa ornrerirsl\"lfiqnetfi{t'$ (have been b,t|t) tnflnrndr€\"lff 7. nat{o d u-rt-ilufionTnuaclfiotoelilen%'$ Tnaqr*aratas+\"u B. dct ailffa +\"ulfffu (om+Uve-n) tastfrgiiudtidu'tua\"urfi atas+1u1n1-rJ g. cnouffo e@ \"lrler-ssruf#es rir1u4or6ilultdv b10. nor{a m6ase'nameirfi\"gdf,lere used) lun'reardudeuilesnaualn,arirslr{'rfiean\"r+ c11. nalffa ilrnulrQntq (were told) tfrag'lurhutuaatrjrsdufinu'rq d12. Hailffo ri\"ril6xrorurn,nde (s drunk) lue;t'iTsnredsuris c13. Hoilffa qnlQndr (were taken)'liltes6erilloeran[oadreilasd']flrr d14. nar{o fi?iad1e'tarf,u'tfiqnfi{ (has been hlre4 Tosflu-sBafiufidnesan6uaare,trfis nrqalowi BAslc cRAMMAR 163

15. Haufio a I*rrsrur16'ea-u'l?ililacdunleornreri.xrulairfludsiienu-so-u.hfiolfi (ts requtred) 16. qouffa a fr aml as a-uends (was sent) 6 uar ailey nar n ur n-u,a\" ar.,r* ' fi 17. qauffo d qrE*qdruar+*Tnqnrtfl f;rn-nrsn(arecaused)Tnsnrefuqiiia-ufl erel 18. norffo c r1u ri'ls Ie (were cance led) Tn e fl rsil fl .ri ilfl r a-er r% a sq r nlai fi ff(auan s 1lfiengn6'n prarardu1quffr??aJutEr 19. narfia c %\"nr5g unn n %q;'lfifir (wt I I be g t ven) ii ar,l'1flua ran?ait+ 20. Haufra b Graruou+r)nlaonfir8\"a u6 n rn n ii fi ar Er r uu r fr 4 Tn a rd a u a fi n I o s a-*r 21. narffa c s1u rusnil nq:enri'ltfrdfrti (wl I I have been com p leted) nral%raalfrrTer s ?0{tct%21.[% 22. sa\\ila a tnrlec ufl Ftd fi fg' aurfnr nrau6 a n nvsila; oru1a u 6ene'nf$ (are heId) 1 n 1?irL 23. narfra b zuan1?dou loaqrunraitrnma.snqr fl0s?{?nt?1 24. na:uila b n rirsirrQn{T lf,unn (was broken) tn aufinfrrra { nfi s ii rir a's*i,,r^1 nr aa oqj 25. narfia c utunJ n;qnnru (ts drunk)'lufi{eisfi1s-ilrir 26. natffa a uA alfiqn$ G[as-bowht) to a il a il fl a-s e r n fi n r n nm r r-a d ar n fi uuti rr ud a #rt n r t{ii ufi 27. na:uila d qnqn#r (have been told) hloqjnralurirunaoodruf,r 28. moilffo a 4 uh@'l uu usi a v filTo suri rir tr+ t nr y fr udr r a.! rir a-s a Ei 'lu rirsfil tr g ar,fnaia u 29. narfra c n t\"sf, a rl nuiu'lrem'il 0 #ulfignritr (hav e been rea4 Toa ueror il'nfea ur a surnrar 30. aorfra d {2\"n tfi od'rs1'lfienft (have been wash\"d) ri a r+ rirura-r rhs fl 1% 1,64 ae. 4na'oanf 4nro6rp

Conditionol Sentence Exercise I 1 1. fir4nraara qr*q:ufllr (wtll solve) fl{Un1\"[d 2. qrxoriroJta firqnrerrrrm\"a (wtn) daTnfitutis 3. a'usvflrlao'hl firu\"nnrn-s (arrtves) Featxa'l 4. frrarnrdfau +\"u*r\"nirtn (oPen) nrirsirs 5. ufinntraovuir+{mtaa firqr*nqotruTn (lets) }r?ntirr 6. frrqrx\"lultmut6\"ss flentineg8n (wtll be) finnr\"r 7. ahovTretrrqr* fira'ufi (have) ura'r Exercise 2 2 1. a'uenilsruG\"nr firqorriru (lnvlted) dt 2. firqrxlnnru, o-snqrg1fi6 qnrq:flrn$ (would earn) lfiurnt-\"u 3. anrasorxqs{T rtu{qtra firqrxttr(geve) rtuutr'tr] 4. fir4r*rlrosahaanrira-snrs ulres (would be) fi41nruufisuosn*r+ 5. aruqs{i-f,n-d.Yfiu f'rTqn^rtqn (,st.oPPe-rd\\ ) {r.4t\"4) 6. fiTnriauurqcguo ndauestf; (would gtve) a-uuriqr* .7 a-%qsf,\"a6\"au6nunnsi'xlnsi firahfi (had) tir+aqlrirs Exercise 3 3 1. firqzuurTnaanur+ei' qr*asq;rh:fls\"e (would have saved) uaa'l 165 2. il?nt?'rrr{euaqiiirhr+ firelnnn (had ralned) nrqalerd BASIC GRAMMAR

3. fr\"r+\"ufdmeiautea ahrNq:dr (would have sent) oanl#lt'hindauufir 4. ,rnr\".\"^urrorn-s#rndrfi- fi,rurnrarrrn (had caught) an'turiiar g Truuffr 5. firahf,drqrurir#sur a\"r+nNeitil (would have gone) a'rLqrxdau.rufi uufir 6.- nnrnle;l\\dvcau -unmnateltudr fr'rqunaon (had fllled) urruad- ufel 7. fi1ant1sfla{?,nnre.rdsndrd Hlam:'tdlfl$ (would have been) eiraao Exercise 4 1. firnr'tri (Unless) roTru a-uo;hi1an-rnr6nuaer 2. ft 0D qrula\"narreal ilxfl rfl1q,aanuar+nrr'lttncr'leiaapror 3. fir (ll) nrioulaie\"nfiostasneior+b1u{tr+asrfiau rrruueita.rfi6iauayffinTneo 4. r6nloullrdaarrerrro'lua-ur^rqsf, dretu\"lri (unless) Hna{il1 5. (f)ilrn ralq Jteifi a Jleyrr un-suaa fir ue nrer'l*r'[rl-,t*.t afurdrfi n Exercise 5 1. marffa b firufi n{nf soudl+im's'lqfen% traiaue:Liih$ (wr[ not pass) nredarprevsf 2. narffa b r*ntr drf(ate)fiT q ar\"n ri,x 1 ru,rnnsu fi araeanrr os n nroa q 6 n 3. narffa d 4. natffa a ffir trei aulfiilrnr (had fol lowe0 pi.ruu clr'rr os +-ll tr ri a u nso cil rn-sr6rnd.r 5. Hauffa d 6. malffa b nrrqrhifi fl 1s'[fis1 il?ir*s frT n r'lrirde (srarts) ar awrmr+ rirlu n, u fi- fi'ruenra,rfi us u n-n n-eu rn n-irf r^,nrerqihJ (would go) {unrilau Hd qrxe: (wlll get) 6'ar fir4rx'leimaorfiuurnruro# 7. Hau{a d frrah'lfiqerqaoutugSq a-ilnsegrfifl (wourd have seen) fiafiouarof, 8. marfia c tr res'trirfl $ (wou Idn't be) u-n fi rh fr 6 ni u fi\"uafl ft H,ilsiln? n fl o ar a dr s n ilh 9. qauffa a 4 r*o ; r^rr #rltt n\"r q nr frealn u fir 4 rxhJgo) d r r s fl ,r o 766 ne. qnfoarf 4nuo6rg

10. eailffa b frT \"t T r+dasnrt (wa nts) }]la s 6 fl rr +-u q c r\"il e n'til eis uo a ii +t'r, m s -\"t 11. narffa d ft q rxldln{had-spoken) 1a d r s {r n ei a r+ o r q v tffdo 4 r*1rl ufir 12. rnoufra b a n 1 o r fi n m u 4 fr'r ur n ut rltil-(ruere) rii ar1ufu n e; a u\"n uai a 13. Eauffa c dnrunrani-n-Prqsdfru firdnrllarnrptd (had been) 14. Hauffo b firu{ruranr (comes) ranurrfl %aatd'ra\"urira\"taeie;r'jrrrlatlu 15. crauffa b fr1 fi ar I a silrnuarirutr+ nevr fi\" Tdtq: (wt I I be) fi Enrer {r urn 16. Hauffa c a-r+e:riru (wou ld I nv lte) rfi a ut as a-t 1n upr frr a\"uarrl'a o g'lufir t refifl n qi 17. narffa d frranxrfliras?,renuerln-(had spoken) nrura-snqr*lfrd utrprsqsl6'rru61rirlr]ufra 18. Hauffo b ilauesroufl rsriasrdsaeauTan frrutrenerse\"a (won) darnfi uutil 19. matffa b q odq q a'[si a a nernhsilnrula firuvih' (doesnl) ff,n 6fu 20. Hauf,a d ft amrleifi o#rgqr ur^l rdmr na ra.ru nrsq:snTfl (would have forgtven) tr1elerufia 21. k)ftnau{o b tr ei o ue s n 1 d1'[rl t u er a u6dn1u16' tr ai a r+lai e os (boo ntal5uri rfi u 1 22. aa:uila c firurrhialr'lue-uf r^n nraT qilna (wt II phone) nrutrlurirsdu 23. narfra d rloresrl,l (would you do) oJta firqolvrlneu utriiufi rulilfiretNuilr+eniles{irfl rs 24. fiau{o c fir ahlffi n-(had heard) ri 1 eil s r n eofa r n 1 rl q\"il n t q v fl nau cl o m\"e u r fi ael 25. not{a b frr q r*'tairfi a r+alu a-r+et6u (w I I forget) iie sfi s6 $r a fismr 26. natfra b rfifi mnn n (had) eu #n n-r+ ur n ul r o ;'[t] url a dat rfifi a -\"d 27. ciia:uila c fi rfr dmtara-ut(knew)iEnmn-uaottdauesfi\"aensilsi'dno\"il 28. natffa d frrurr'lfiaanuailfl 1{sr?{tlfl ttrnsq:]bir*rn (wouldn't have mIssed) rfr fl efi % 29. grauffa b ou 1u??n1At?{asilrlr{unr rtqO.-(dt odlStOp)\\ c!isu4 fretdliirtlrna9'rnitt,+n?\"u a-u--uq_v-1T-_fltudsFl'raae ?@30. Horffa b fi r u-n feen+m air dttte sr 6cm n rx o To e s lr ulfi uri r{ a n til't *qrl.rri gAsrc cRAMMAR g

Non-Finite Verb Exercise I rgililflIaolf;enrgr*Inalflp tnfl nllve r6e gerund rasnA?d$tl6rl 1. aeirEut'nnon (to tell) riraurinnfiaer 2. \"druoarhinaaoueYrir'tdf,r (maklng) nararfi nuarorirsl 3. uanuttirdrufqttmradouuh$ (to pass) fla{?,r?flrlr1 4. fl ai a r+ ri1a\"rfi eranrmtailn (bet n g) durfl n r as {uaanrur+ 5. fidrrrrasahuu6nmrSun\"rntrdn (walklng) rilunarsdrshlu 6. nrr'laidrumndcr{e (to Uuy) ansusi'#nF]-1.r\"[fi .7 rdaqrxraSof,\"un\"rnrtrh (dolng) nrarit+rasnrx Trema-rry 8. udaulrosalrsihf,r.r'ledqJtil (ro go) lilahsrd 9. uilr+ruarrosa-url4ueoCn:rru (to see) +-u6n 10. utruur drhairfrnlt:.L(golng) n o r+dnnrira-s tru a qj Exercise 2 railfficTsalfrenrgmfinatfgil tnfl ntlve rie gerund rosnis{$alr6u 1. reiauaulo'h+ntain(plavhg)wrufid 2. r^ran ur tfi o u a\"utfirhjto_do) sru frtfrtr u ou nr{ 1fl 3. Jat)fl r+6\"randtrsflasneior+1frCI-(tq rdaufi'aa 4. qndrsratmldtra\"rntmn (comtng) ara 5. qnrnqnev4'umrtf;riFg(ta_study) ru-ns-\"r+ 6. rdnfftT arJe;duprarud,u$etuntrdouahn (passlng) na€rfl.r . g)7 a-il rira-s mvsy fir nus nr n aantrlrj (got n fl ?€a oil o a r+ E o?. Ftn?-carri unrofrg

8. +-u\"leidraneof'n?rnrlfiar{to-eome) n\"ta\"u'lfi 9. )q rxuei r a r a\"ue\"tlerlff n\"t ntten (bet n g n\"n Q\"s te s 10. u6prur+sd1a-u!fui1 (lolenl) ailrdnwufudslnei Exercise 3 $r-ertes1anlfrgepr*1na1ilErt eI nf I n I tl v dia g e rund re{fitg-o1.t,tt2.|ltall 1. aeirSudn:{a (to buy) tru\"s;lafiu{ 2. a-uq uhifi fl rsSuntt'tdsfin (seet n g) fl smlfl $ na\"luenLael 3. rfinfitmtqnrin (playtng) !nuoata-so'tnnreu6rLiiqtu?{n0{rlrr 4.'luecr.irr fl ,ts'lr]riiastrei urnrarrq or^t'nudadeitildgil (to vt stt) q r*qst a s a1u 5. ahuf,alot're:froluds (to say)'jT qr*aatltthiinn 6. a-u 6 o.jr4 r*o vuaate nhnramn (tel I tn g) amu a-u tr\"stru nt ar q oruritt't Exercise 4 1. Hou{a c d I -t?2'1111{0El flxnmlna{x-sih.tiiilttanileg6i'lflrs%s q\"ililaetfiueoilas{,rrrsrira\"stl (comlng) 2. notffo d r6n{traua;r6n{n {sri T s'ilu t atntafll (l lstenlng) mrar 3. g)Harffa d o- ulf, n ar t u*s'f 'rTer str+nrerir (dol n rn re tir u t a I ut 4. narffa c 4r*o;o'sufi ao\"ltrude;fi ie$(dropptng)qane{reiau'ufi\"asluneiaslfr ahnuoer 5. nat{o b qoraa, nrin (playtng) urnuriar.iT erdtru 6. srauffa c uen rarrira\"s 6 odT e:th'$mq (traveI tng) Toereo'lu 7. qotffo a nttdhilnr g)pr nrfi un n ar a ii 6 riT sln u dr teYt tr +-\"u not ca( I I I n 8. noufra c a-rrn-ianriaerhiqorueirat+-utfi {to-g[e)arlrg,ma'uaan}irdera{1s%on nzqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR L69

9. HA1l10 a rfar eo-u.)aaf;frnmfi as uvtfifl oilr{1$ (worklng) o ft*td10. nauffa b ,r.ur*r U.E atnerir iinh fi 1 a.r?a1fl 116 %uri r nr.l*s 11. narffa d q rxrJev dr fl rg mr'lo'[n u1unratn (speaklng) nrlr a-s nqu 12. marffa c arar Eru dq:{o (to buy) q a nlfrrfi a rlrle-urfi nurtrud,r?fl a {ar}r 13. qaufra b a'u\"laid.urenins6s (to waste) *a{unmilfl reru a 6u.rer#a s fiIuri 4 r*'tfr' 14. narfro c toeaaue\"r*rldrflr (entertng) uTturilr+usineimdrurrlruld'riro;'le'lrrua*r 15. norffa d ahdrlffilasrdf,Jploy|ng) {n n rn a u a-uer-srfl ur6n 16. Ha!fra a r)(toao-i ufr orrr a s a\"%rdil a fi qsriae a\"%{an repa t ano-negrugu c[r a s ah 17. marffa c tdr%1srasa\"%prrona\"ra\"utr1ril{1il@#ari4owirtiocrfl u'hl\"lfi 18. narfio b qhdrer\"lillfrn'unresn (fal llng) tr4arfnq r* 19. Houffa a ah6alo n1nldft (not I lstentn g) riru% s ?ir1 as n rxila r or a'u rn1ilq e n 20. narffa b 21. narffo b fllnuarrita\"sqsaanlilflruamrariruonriru qrxournihftadir-(to3h) niLr,,ranrer'l6r clhu11ud1$hsr)uilastfie|ruulri,rurnter'jr@eufisna%8sfirns.| f22. qauffo a urnnrn\"o8ulon'q;\"lrt(togo)u6ardalu6iumvrfiir^rasehfl 23. narfra c '[61'r.]eofigor'netflrg (rntemuoflng) ahnauiiahrira-eilsrsrua6rrsoJlerrsacirr 24. na:uila b r^nnue'r'[r]uaugiufla-sqrnflanuartdSef\"un-unrrhnrrerlge,In (cleanlng) fiasne-a 25. narffa c udnoon-Juhu6suflSnr6asntrner (looktng) q6rFr? fit^rrnutr'lrifr'asnrefiq;Eorrirnrer 26. Hailffa b aht aTnrgnri ouuri n ai o uu4rdode ggafl fiJ (to accept) il-r.r 27. na:uila c 4 rufi ar a fl a {rfl r'lfifr'.ruuvrnrs (to eat) oTrrafi'fi n auadrn aea adr fl r28. flaufla d a { 1ua c ni o ri1 a\"s 6 o n\"r+drelunifl (g ett I n g)'[ u u6 a n fi n u r er 29. narfia d ttd-s{-fei 1td,-nhra-anafl {lsrasndaudr@ rnr\"hf,au1 30. {fi hnalffo c qh o s r n q c rn a u q r*d (to_brlng) fi a 4 a ufi a e n-r ar S n nirrrri(n ei r o sila n ral u r fi a a 770 a? (nfinrf 4nro6rg

Modol Verb Exercise I ,fraur;tnffira 'can','cantt','must' tlii0'mustntt' t. A rvu-'u' dulfidfefm&anD ri1 neru dc ar arlo st as 4\"1+'[fi a.rrr1lrraset1fl 2. aJtrira-snntu-n qmfros (must) dT autasqr*\"ltfira 3. uuadru+m (can) -lr+n*r+frr+1ettfi uri4u\"ntiaram (eanD 4. urnrarfros'bi (mustn't) u6nnan\"lff(uaaudlatar*s b. oafi$unfle{1n ulrtridrertm (can't) kiuilrdtnriloa\"lfiGurn 6. uenutrfres (must) }liior+romriufi' mnrefuifiNun\"Huatr 7. urnuarfiaetrn o-snyr+urnuetdtelrutm (can) rnTuu{ueittn'r+}.1'lfitra'rcrfl\"r+ 8. r.l-nriastiiaafret (musf) ri, trisf ou6urn'rs\"[r.tfirs$l'oilenutr'lrlgirsilesuflFl 9. mhlntaadotlri (mustn't) duah4ntaafiesfiarlotilrnurr 10. roouilurHnnrenfias roalhidurm-(can't) rTutfi\"alfi usiunadfltm (can) duuerlfi Exercise 2 1. frr-tiidar (must) nqaufradrgrulnr\"lileareaLflr+fruor 2. 4or@ ilTau\"lilfirs alueJteinn 3. a-litrifipaT a-r+del (must) oan'lrlufirtumrr*f n*ru'rra'uesilalnaolnerdlailerdlflrs 4. q nrdrntm (Cou ! d) e o ri. fi tt'lff(fr a\"r+ n a r+ ii a\"r+l+i a -a'[d[t u 5. qrxqlairiaaduaa qnrnaa (should) \"lrliluuilntius 6. 3dt*irqiii,j.\" nriauame: (mt ght) r6unrs'lr]nqslr-aaufie ahffleifitrfi aunh 7. qnl@fiarsrqiarflFldruauurntt{dil gfl\"ouacl n;qaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR

8. fiTqrxfr'ornrefeauffroalontro-snqu'l#nriasupraia qr*d,rrtnfrar (need) #s'le 9. noardrutm (can) reitunur+a'lfreiauffrsd ah#r+n-rrrraqjrualnlfurqn{o#r.torri 10. 'r'ranuarrootrurfl (May) oan}Lu{ien6ildt6'lrru\" \"[6' uri4r*ftlLi (mustnt) na'rLenfin\" Exercise 3 rnlnffi :Tantf;aurlmfdaaniardrgn'rru,l:dil 1. u6nomq: (may) ilrsruusissrura{fl2flra1 uciflenn,rfflsiuu'lq 2. qnuvuarnrlaiuur a-uarutm (can) f,i'lfi 3. narasahdnrhflarlfl a\"r+frer (must) frrrua 4. ahl aIfl uu a urir,rr nrerlUetrrrm{ean1) il 1s1 ur6\"fl s I a s q r*Tua-uqs dt6' 5. +hnrtae: (Sha I l) f,\"o ntaxu n a u6fnl#lnu a-uufi udr q nrejs ufi u}t 6. qrxnar (should) fr er'l$in\"rra1euT n*iuf a-u6n-jru-ilevLfl udsfr .irsurn 7. \"truoerhidrntm (could) Mir+filst%lfiHauiireiouarqfil$ril usirror+fi\"rdaudtrtm (can) I Yrd t6t1{tooeJln Exercise 4 1. Hauffa b darerasa,-rdretm(can)Tnnrura'snquuaanruraJr&r*la16'eraioeuln 2. }jnorfra c qd,aJa d EI et t u uh #nr-l.r ar\"uril u rfr a s fi 6 u r n 6 a w u-r q rx oae (shou ld) 3. narffo d u\"urira\"sesd.ruufia a\"r+d,uilnfror (have to) }]ufr'atuq ouf 4. norffo a ua uurfres (must) ff,nrd a nurer rin-il s,rrr I a s fl 6i a u-ur+rrl' aurnofs 1 5. Hailffo b 4 orrir a\"s a ;}t adr s il\"r fl 6 a-u stril\"m (ca n)'[t n-u q rx fir alA'tn u 6. d) fHaufro c { u\"n r a r a\"%alrilam (cou I n a ;Ta olfi 4 s u r n n a r+ fi u-u a.r q rTo a n dr 7. nouffo d a\"ues'l$islerriufr\"rttar+ri'rdanruildnufietrfl*sr?on qnrfrer (must) uorduuul 8. nauffa b uhlfl upraruaYr qrxfrer\"tri (must not) uan'lpremsrfi srn-rn-u @ oa. (nfsanf rlnreirg

9. nailfro c fi Lil r+tesfl fl rura fr n urira-sr+ a r+u'n o qj n\"sriuuqrxnat (shou ld) a glu oerardst 10. crauffa b d) u+-rlnae! (Cou I q a n-t 4 rx#n r r+ a fl'ldtr fi t r s a ei r s fr dr ri'ru rfi o n-it 11. Haufra d f q\"@a-u fr as nraofl n-ilqild orru usi fi 'rn'rl4u 12. narfra d q orfrosti (mustn't) 4u1 r-oii fi uhril um n rla o o rpr5 13. fd)crauffo c a-r uula'h q rxq: (wou I a-n n 1fl Er il fi d6 a s n'u er o n d a e{ uael 14. natfra a sf'ulidffim-(ead) 6rlcrnlnra'lfr'itirlnrriar+6susissrun'un'r ut'rrflunuTiuirxrn 15. Eauffa c zururo (lvlav) fl a drfl n\"u Fr rxafi aldtnar eraYr 16. natffa b -4 r*q: (wou ld) rir a c'latu d n']nnmn{uul a\"u a\"ufr a snreriruu ;rirt a s a rx 17. Eauffo d qoidor-tri (mustn't) 6uiiq;rirartl?a0ne'rnunlarlmour6aTus 18. Hailffo c ilxnrfl 10 anq1na0r+Fror{F ar+ilrerdru urnnrrdsnra (should) u,lfiriifi ufirlr+r tud' 19. : d)aarffa d q rxnee (Cou I iil o n riT ci 1 strin u a eilfr'tn er ffr s1u ufi\"er\"%60 20. natffo b +'r+frasnta(would)iie;f,\"aTnen-F{riqu6arn\"r+dtilfl i{rhutara-\"u 21. narfro b aul'Inaarafrer(must)prrou{ut\"nrlan\"snaaotaar 22. natffa c +hnsq: (Cou I d) t oi a rdartd ut u rii t t a s alu mI a Pr\"[d[n u 23. mauffo a qorcg$ilould) fsrfiere'lflufi1esqil\"o111etflsdasuoeecfl'irsryxnei'trirl'lfiruael 24. nat{o d ilen ralorqe: (ml ght) }L q n o u6dnfrraJut g o n n ilanteret-€'tsiunls uacl 25. Houffo c ef 'utiararm (eanr)'lfi fi u 4 rx'[6 q oru a a ; 1 o n-s n*u\"ldltr u 26. narffo d qr*aat (should) rruar-ntat1tfi orfirqrufrasnrafi dtnrufr u{suas : {fi2/. F|A\\nA b q rrlnee (Cou I d) nti\"'ufi r+ a'u d u #n ufi'r't6'[t u 28. crarffo c X6framrt (would) iiquhdsutuufi arlnEaudndauaqiii fi r1u 29. crarffa c esorn-afanltridrutm (eouldnl) #u1fi6nrnrda-r.tiiufia clo%fi\"ilanutr6s-\"turn 30. Hauffo d r6nnriruuanfi\"drfitda(haveLo) fi ur+ouriou 7 Tusnfs urnutrfi t6sunou 8 Tus *oErwqaTonci BASIC GRAM

Reported Speech Exercise I 1. John said (that) he had seen that movie on Wednesday. q 0fi $fl I rlv st?ctJ?a!%Ur{uau?A [ilm[1{f a12x'ttlt't [otatnlilEIfl 2. Susan said (that) the train would probably arrive on time tqrunriradranlr{orqe;u'tfisn?{r?a1 3. The man said (that) he had to finish that report by ftve o'clock. trfl frfi\"n 6ire'j'rucr'rof 1r{Ir.l6'a s riralas.ril#rllr1ra6e ri a % frrTusdu 4. Mr. Brown said (that) he didn\"t drive a car in the rush hour. q nrr em rfn riredttrki r\"ua ntu d'rTer s ues rir u 5. My brother said (that) he didn\"t want to carry my books. riasilarar+\"fl neimd,usrkifi osnmfi esfi arrl'sfr aqrara-r.l Exercise 2 rilCe$rhltson'e\"trrfi frAtnErrffi itsnr'*rArtnilri,r 1. She asked her boyfriend iflwhether he lived with his family teiannraruiluruurasreiou'irHr'lfi orrl'soeinirnearna-rtosnntt6a'[ai 2. John asked Sandra iflwhether she was listening to him. {re a ?iu n rer u o a,r'i r tr ri a u ri,r a\"sfl s m,r a ei n 6 o\"[ei 3. He asked me what I was doing at the weekend. nnorua\"il'irahecf ras'[eTHa\"ilrsprdod'rln,rr{ 4. My mother asked me where my umbrella was. \"qrxuainT na\"u'jreutasa-iloeidt 5. She asked Tom what kind of films he liked watching. nciaunru rau'itrr{ar{arn1ileunfilasmfllo @ oa. 4nfoanf rlnuoiq

Exercise 3 Iildc${\"!Tgodohrf, fraglrrfl tt:tand*rntrlne+dr 1. My father fold me to keep all the windows closed. Ail?ra' u 0nilsil?1'Oq[^?'1ilo111['l9l'l€11fl 1111{ 2. The robber told the woman to give him her money. teailann'ilfl fi sff r+'r+' j'r1ridsrtulosnaioulfi uriutr 3. She told her husband not to forget to take his key. rriatt andrfi torteiau'ir'lulfrfiurirqrguotasuit'l'hlfiaa Exercise 4 taenfn9eufl)eQn9a{ 1. Hailffad fl?flrflluanlnntatitlenutru{uguld)'leirhuh6n 2. bqau{a qrxnqtawriaunrua-udrrriausrrlsad (ltved) iiu'utr5o'lai 3. narffa a urruonq'udtt,@ nrfletufif#asfi\"ufi? 4. anorffa trrnurira\"sdsderjlodn{tfirrfiq{had) ufirn6aer\"s 5. fiauffa c qnrnqranu6nfd n\"ru3uiirrnnTfioqi 6. cflailffa qr*rltas+-unriTedrutTdn (woke) r+atusiuf,Tnqudua 7. eau{o d eadendm'irmTcitil (would go) {unmeunflui'uqsn*u 8. bnarffa 4ornqtameiar+neimdlnaiaudrritndaq (had to) rirnrtrirurrnnfu 9. narffo a qorilorosttrn6ila'irnTdretm (could) 1a'lfiarrunt*r 10. norffa c 'luri'neil,jtlrfromt (wanted) iiqshdautdoultortrr1ua,\"tnqo4n#lenr{ 11. bcrauffa frdralasa-r+r6ar+a-udr@ iiqvfirn'lafl1% a12. nouffa lat-ari'nrurdsr fiirnda$'tfiaan (she parked) antastraiar'ilTf,tnt 13. narffa b uouurtona-t1flilrru-(to-meet) utudhan'rfiao'lu nr4atcrf BASIC GRAMMAR 775

ritr read)14. FOUflO A druu n o n a\"r.r'jT -r-t rm a du\"n( n r+\"s f, a a qj ri a u 1 15. Hauffa d uq a#n 6irad1rnrdrat6gn (was studytn g) nrur a-rnqra cirsn uhl$ I r*sr+'il 16. dh fnailffa d urr n ri r a'i rua u o gfl gene)(had ii a u.r +r fi r{.ud a n r+*s rielru s ri a u n rir 17. Hauffa c an{lerrosalrnaim'hutrq:rlr (would do) lfi6fi4nlunradarfun-aan 18. Hauffa b urdnoruah'jrrir'lru*'nframr(lwanted)fr esr6fl r+nrulala&sstd 19 qoilffa d urnn'r neira'iT mnutrldardh (had J.!ved) aatunqrururrfl nnarutru#a 20. narfro c urrndrrjtrr@ rlaruii ad osr-u ri a r+ 21. norffa b treiouneim\"jrqrxrretostreia%qitil(wouldgo)rlaasfl Fldnlu'lna-uqsn-\"r+ 22. nouffa b ; trsnrua\"u'jra\"uo4lvdl dmnu\"s8ofi nfqu(hadllnlshefltr6aer\"s fr a\"u'ir@23. Eauffa c re t+ust a u ar fl rarfl s tJrn u'n 24. Eouffa d rfr a ilfirur a surnrernaim,irn rxilor a srei ailriilsien (had dbd) sr' a-rlri o u 25. nauffa d fitrnri'ra'irtr ei a rlfias (had been wamrnd a-unmrurfi rndtr ur rietru su5r 26. Eouffo b ilum adn rire'ti)tr.rfilnnon (got) r1 n rf,rn our6oTar s 27. aa:uila a rriauorara\"udti'rlua\"uLilil(hodd0 ufisuqonursn-sreiourflumarurrrurnrr*.of, 28. norffo a 4 nrnvgr\"smarsuanilanual.ir@ ilHU aa1udarr 29. marffa d a a tu on qh'j1 nei o rudrn,rmnr'td (cou Id come) tud u r+tr+ 30. qau{a d Aod- r a s a\"un rira'itlT q:rhnT eri, r+dfq (would have fl nlshed) ri a ufr ah urn-s ufr o u L76 ne. 4na\"mnf qnuoirp

Adiective Exercise I 6anl 1. u6nlnruffon1nuandr,aSnstos (deltctous) 2. ea?iiluasfl aasirsff tfi ilil-nu6sildtalqet$mt (serlous) uT nr's{ 3. rrsaeirsdsnfiunsn (good) a-alufiasna''l 4. e)r?l er s 6r il Fr-? ilvilrl s qudurn (te rrl b I +'r'la?r u\"ntr'lfi 5. neiouqnteatc (nervous) triau\"hilfiqhdu{ealm) uaa Exercise 2 i ndnlfrdr qorrhrfaadrtnucia:rh;IsFr 1. ?{?nn'ryr1ila'nrmint{ho0 ua;un6asdudnl (cool) 2. a'uufi etue a rilrurnrnam (long) att tu-rfi s 4 nrilr I ar a'ndfi sqilmu#2 (e lderly) 3. rfin{t{s{f,nrYqratq (nervous) riotnreaatn#rdrotu (tmPortant) 4. a-${f,nrnfinrndag (tlred) uasfla-stasa\"%fiun (sore) 5. qrxngdtnm (angry) as1ntdntrsd$rn (naughty) Exercise 3 16onltpdqnfrer 1. uhri'xnrrlflnarntc (surPrtslng) iindou'leitfiarrmu6\"ers 2. }r?nrfl Tn 6 $ri,rsFninnntaa (worrled) urnn a l{iiHrhilfi n d't-ru'rtiT+ 3. Tosilnau5aa-rr'l$i6nmlnn# (frEhtened) n ouiia'r'rtnnruaumdneitrfrg 4. nrauri nts t-ur\"^l a a ni o uffrssT dndn (excttln g) a\"r+arlnnhu\"u 5. 16 n u-n fas $ 6 a d r fi nrtud a s fi'ei a u ff r srird{n-(emugng) naqalonei BASIC cRAMMAR 771

6. -rlrn adtri uprfl fl q nunua ; urrlairafl ilo a Jhrau iinrente (l nteresfl n g) 7. ilauasusiflasa\"+lFnnnte (shocked) mr'auennrrlfifiurirr 8. {tr oarff,nnrnrfrn (exclted) u rn of l 1 n-rnre}l rJeyrr pt drfg.ouu6n,t 9. fahfrnar-nnfr (dtsappor nted) n\"il nrlrs$ qdraas a-r+ nro mfslTdr uhe y 6 ndrf 10. riT'[uqnrdsonrfiautiilnru'onurs (bored) aqjuaua f,irras4rxnrru'o Cbortng) urnofslrao Exercise 4 nefinlE)t1t a1?011i1T [119fl [nEiuarfl a nulctu ft'*Flr?-'r.r1ns?fl tl[q]ld%YlElauaua-Jdntumr riiardrn'urhrlomhrritnardulfrgnfi'or uu prln frr'lnar 8uq s fi fi a1 nruils 1. The wonderful new Thai restaurant fir u ras6 u o'rarrirurifl d€'Ifi ni 2. The old brown wooden table 3. The expensive red silk tie {r{sdmxrrunln6f(e6 4. The big old Chinese house 5. The nice young Korean woman Exercise 5 rSennhneudqndel 1. narffa a nmflunffiranrarre*fiadrfi\"trdnfr (exetng) urn 2- bqauffa fid'Hnloreornttlnsdn1us;a?oa (nrce ltttle That) aqjiir-ealar 3. cnorffo frrrernTrdsdsfrnfin (porsonous) uffr'lrl rera1qu3sflin16' 4. anorffa q6raun.rn6ardarufiu{ffiiu'urdalofin.reriiqr*ff,n 5. dglouffa fl\"rliirrxaunr+-sfrauiufi\"'uhnrdutq (tnteresflng) urn 6. bnauffa ost;n'mrCr (careful) ufiauufi\" u-ufau 7. anarffa Teriuqrtir (sad) errn rfinaJlef,hn'unntria 8. bnotfia a\"unqdruhriauffTorrfiu, ntq (embarrasstng) iiorfroslorionrirnejarnu 9. cqauffo a\"uuhoaFnil*trilT (nervous) 1r+dotrnraofrrrdsoarlneilaqjr-ioaoe's L78 oa. 4na\"oard lnuofq

b10. 60u{0 dfir^tqmfior.erh?fl (aDgpy) na'se'rniiut'1\"lfifiudriiriastr€llasu$1n6im 11. natffa c dtletasa-il6oyjrnranirur$-s;lafiuftfludrf,nrnntlq (dePresstng) 12. narffa a 6n{n{r1narrnnflqile-nnqtrrsnriinir{nniannlnri (handsome new Amertcan) 13. nouffa c ahtreft'jrerudulorna'jrahqfirdnf (attracttve) 14. natffa b flaaFnente (lnterested)'lr+fir{rlnrJe;unt a15. ooufia fiu6asris (loud) 6ia6r+f, qr*\"[6fiuu\"u1nu c16. aot{a tttsoe'snren-ttenmaunarl6ilorstfl%dsiiaingfls (dangerous) a{rn d17. qauffo 4cxqslasa-'u6n'j.rn,er6r+lrtutttfludsdnrnionoara (relaxlng) urn a1g. narffa ufin11nnut*fufaar+u'usirsn6aroarn (lntelltgent) b19. nar{a rdaurjrucras+:%ugiss'tun-ur{selratrarfrrCrsnqe (beautlful young Greek) uda'hiuruu,f, b20. nalffa dmdrlrargnuufir nrarirduorrr+arqLiluilradtnqenfiln*siirirrrrnn# (scary) c21. Bau{a dufrnfrnrrUle (annoyed) uaarii'ru4trlttftu#,ro,tra a22. aartila riosdmtara--r+a'ru'ldu8\"ofiriientg (Urrgtrt) aqiueao a23. claufia uagrritn{aaanursurutratmfudarenur6saffidm (beautlful sllm Brazlllan) b24. natfia rirs{nfrrsrornra?irstrluusiasrifl reiar+u-nFnnueum (exhausted) aqirioul a25. eoufia uorlirlaurnuvuq{rffiaa (deltctous) a\"u,ad'nqnldtts{ b26. fiou{a a'rfrnerudn (confuseo dolpra#nerunrurirnruarnl . a27 na:gfua dolrntanfudr+dfiasnrentenaaqdouadrqqiqC{ (sertous) c2g. $ouna nra'tils'rdnTrf,(vailrirsnrdnrdn (exclttng) oqimua lunu*slfiufiuflr c bla2g. narfia u6trreruauuqrtu-ea*fiil*r1u6nr (small b30. marffa lr+rltuunpldneYgaurinr ortrmfitrnrkiurm (exPenslve) nid'uluqTerl nrqalerri BAslc cRAMMAR L79

Adverb Exercise I 6atd1n\"rlrJdTanrtfrqnfror 1. Peter has never been there before. -rlun oe'[ainEilr.tiiri$errri auuaEr 2. I usually buy vegetables from the night market i-lu%evlnXtar{una1' {'ls1n malonalsFt% oEt6e{a 3. We ate our sandwiches extremely quickly. uanr?lnruu\"duri5tri'r+aeiternrSrurn 4. The girl was slightly injured in the accident. n.d-n?aa tfi rUalsev$l?uularaud tand traeaernqtEu.6mn 5. I was totally confused by everything in the lecture ahf f, n#tauIoaf,\"urf, sn-u1n6is1naei,rsfr lfi rfu elnnrauaesra Exercise 2 tfiilildlsatfieqroitnalfldrr'egtnesrdrtngrJdpnfi er 1. frErunreirfi?ra-sqned,rsu,r1 (quletlv) 2. ddral os q-rld.ril1?n?{afl .lu,r a-snqu'lfiadt6 (well) 3. srlri.ra\"s$irlfi Frfaddi{or{nleelg 4. u6nlrira\"s#unheshfinnu{r (happrly) 5. urrdrnrerirresh{f,auoeu (carefully) a{rua 6. oolneer\"renes'rdr1 (slowly) urnndrf, 7. t.raratauod,r.tranrfr (raptdly) nrn 8. qr*ngnrtnred,rrtuTr (angrlly) u,rn 9. a\"* dr u re n rir ur,i?r n n-n nvs rl u o *r air dtfiodrsiraoraJeaory) 180 ne. 4nfoanf 4nrofrg

10. uaa ri'rsruaeitnrin (hard) urntusl\"'tufl ilss1u1fl si ta lulr 11. 4r*ilotasa\"#soei+tmnr*r (fast) uT n 12. ur n ur r trvr { ti a u nr ut a-s n qtathqnlqiittaret y)(se rl ou s I el 1 n 13. ohrfi u fiaen-u q nmrlrufiadleomplerely)'lur6 ' ar fi 14. nai ar+*r\"nlnaei'xruT 1 (softly) n\"tL 4nl a staia u 15. darrr astrei aurir+'leto fiulfiadtlnrrr: (ueaum lly) Exercise 3 1. usiruauoefufr1 (slowly) uaJteidrnranmT ur\"unassitr'tfi 2. lu ri'u6 o n rirm or1rff o a araeiruetoot (ca reful ly) uda iiur, q s'lfi aataitr 3. 16nfitrererasrfiu'j1hifianflrrei'jr-uairililr nlqsdrurenffrernurl'lfiedtlaanm$aU$ 4. f-i;arfiiss,dttrnucir (qubkly) u{rrf,uf'suastusnraudsfl\"il 5. r?41 l.rfl a€?'Hllqsn a-uo rrira-srirsruoriT tfi nra'ruclr (haPPl ly) oefl udr% l a s ah Exercise 4 1. notffa b ?6rfl0{ili{rdErHiaa'r1{il a-ntm-s'ilrirsdruren'daaru\"u'lAoaimoufo-(+rcttv) 2. y)natfra c a'uf f, n dt d uod'nfnrfu (co m P I ete I n-u rirn r u fi a 1 n $ a { 11' r 3. Harffa c rdanlr as a-uuas a'$d a ilffi'ruiilnrtrr a-snqulfioi't{.-dteotGas!.|y) 4. Hailffa b y)fi T q orr-u e n srirtr.t?gurfl (rec kl ess l 4 or o r o il a; d t q t?nr 4'tfr' 5. adt6 (uell)Houffo b vq-rl t o u fr q s ki r 16 a r n a n ua v rirlfi {n u t\"ruer a\"r+uei ru6 a s n a n'lfi 6. crouffa a q r*il a t a s +'u rir m u aeirqn$\"n (ha rd) u m ua s fi ta atjr s ria nel el r 7. Harffa b oar omrir a'sd asua sodtente (brt ghtly) t ufr arfi rTtes 8. mauffs b ar*fras#slqaeirserrnfrrqrxfr'asnraiiqs{Turtfilnt-o#(rttfiodtgndac{eorcetly) Enaqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR

9. Hauffa d qr*nea6rruqt+iiruorruraodta:u6sn (carefullg aitilrn10. Hauffa c a\"r+ d o \"j rst T n a r n\"r n,r u #ulfi t r ry a al n (ext re m e ly) 11. narffa b ev ; qohes edfar| h€+ln?fl fr r\"uft 6ol y)n w n n\"re n do o s r ufl u (a n g rl I 12. fiauffa a , a errura.uei:rnn-n (hard) ur n n ou fi urtdum urid usi urdfi % $i'n tus#u a 13. norffa b T6'tf,finTnao $1hirererfiufi uuiu\"lfiodrsdrud (badly) niufibel 14. pnarffo a !ate)re il du'r fi sta s u6ar+ gtrs ( a qj r.i a a 1'lu 1 fuo-u nd 15. Hauffa c uanrerdu{arasaarafi fi ilrnra.rhoui'oauq\"adru,hat{reat1y) 16. nou{o d nrur a\"snquuasnlr.rH aee{-l+rfi errTar n\"ua6hhffiot@losely) 17. y)nor{a c ahrfi aue: (nea r I d t+ n u\"s fr a rai u ii q ofl riah ru re u ufr'a 18. Eaufia b ntildu, nufrJvr\"r?nue' luln rlrltal inr etretoenari,Ir$ieJ nma (smoothly) 19. srauffa c frutr{T rartnai,xf,t (s|owly) ufl ary arn1dfi ufis 20. marffo b u6pr araru nfi3tlaifi ilm (terrtb lv) dlfiri'r n ru uo nler 21. flaula c 46rFrarll€Jlenudoa4nedrrf,nre$ (ctearly) flrnnrxe;n6imdufl eilqf 22. na:uilab ah6ndr4r*'lfr'tff qrnr,{-i+u,rnufi u'lrthriald{bely) lso a n ld'eYr 23. y)qauffa c 6 a n rr u a tr ra adt rwn\"n (se rlous I q r n a uE rfl n 24. Hauffo d nrxnan ;tnuog'r{flTfl (angrtlD tdufi nliilntr+ 25. Hauffo a trarlnodrsaresf: (fast) urnrBaeunacfl'ra-il'l$idruranuff r'lefl 6io%lfi 26. Hauffa b flrunnrirarsadrrfi*ft (totaUy) ornur4a;nn 27 aaufla a ilrnnrna\"renn-srirun-n(late)aqjrauotue\"ungn4n#rJot{ 28. narffa d 6?1__1a-i.l\"H. asn1, Alf-l-ilnfla€' r?ldErt?8J1;tgfla-{Eta?[ilaautrlralqrx qrxnalilfrUfiFla}l?nrI,l adrlfi n-ne'lnn6 (pleasantI y) 29. norffa c nr ur a\"s n q u r o s n r rir a\"s u\"oru rl 1 q a a a r? a'r n rrynlfiorirsd{vell) u r nlr+ H a u fi\" 30. narffo a mTqFrouhr6sufiJ-6.lfi o %airlnn-n(tra.a) da(ufr+r6surr1fefl g n?. fin2m}l ilnrasnt

Comporison Exercise I 1. nmrourrsTnetanilag6irflrsfimnrQnnir (cheaPer) nra6umsTnsan'tr^l 2. ra\"sornrqnu-naiau a'uFnnrdosum{$ (more tlred) n'j1nar+dauqvlrJrf,et6n 3. 4orriaulotras (more slowly) nuaa 4. neiaufiorsmriiargn'4n (the most beauttful) iia\"umfltfiuulme 5. qr*flru'jrorrunerrt{fittqid4a-(the-blggesl) 'lr+aett46ao\"nema6anreaestn 6. tl\"rr*ritr.e,nm.n{und, (ro.\" f.t.naly) maufitriaua-luflr+ufinwraume .7 r1a*r a s q nrq6rss (better) u rn n'ruoi 4 r*\"lfidn1fr.fl uas tfi sur5fl uia'r 8. u-%Lilr+fi\"aiieioeddn (the most dellctous) iia\"r*'lfiue,ern,uurrflr+uearuru 9. dtradurindr (elder/older) tasa-ulfrrirsrufifiu1flutra'r 4 -tufirlumtufi\" 10. turaaoror+iiriT smiifi arr'ilfi ilecdunmnifrsdtto (the least) Exercise 2 a-u}Lrr'naiar+i'unqo#ia-rtiiufra udu-%'lfinarflLflilnarilfirsflc frasdTasueutasa-lr (1) rfinndr (smaller) frosiiag'lr+nruiir.tern4luuairu-r1uur*T a'uao'jru-ilufluf,osiifiturn (2) r6nd{n (the smallest) I1aTesueeruafl dnruarnrdfiueiurnfies u-tfiarnrpl (3) nnmndr (colder)'lua\"snqt6n trsfirnlnfiri'uTaluaudnilanann u't+rirs (4) gnmnd{n (the dlrttest)'lr+ueenr{1et1rnY''{fiuAUr* ,n.rr.'urag arrmfi (5) mnrunqn'jr (more expenstve) {iq\"%Fr'toFta'tTuasa\"ilff1$ifitRilrfissila r\"ll nfisa-l+'hlf,-arasiifrrsdeeuf,ufirur4wu*suava'uriruqn-ilufin u'rrLfluuen-uli (6) fieraT unsddn (the most expenstve) tu6.ruu'uuas ucieisii (7) uaedT sd{n (the worst) lutaenrn'sttarofida ah rirru-sflorhlfl,pflrsuaylsidruranraurrsna-rrit+lfi u-urirruflur,-utrqofnaiaud (8) eirudd{n (the most horrlble)'luBiatasa\"iluafl fi u6flr m;qaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 183

Exercise 3 rn-urta:tsnlfren1tr*Inatf,{oqafl ft rr 1. rninrionnir (younger than) rouuaseafq 2. eodquacflauurindr (older than) rnio 3. oadorn\"nd{n (the heavtest) tureeorrnnu 4., rauf-r!f.rm-rhurrnir (ltghter) oado 5. eafodsn'da (the tallest) luraanrlnnu 6. oa&urinfi (older) rou 7. nirrlfrbilhrnfiasn+l (less money than) flau 8. eado'tfia\"lGnn,rnn,h (more money than) noer 9. riTulouo?^dnr 6nn,i,r (smaller than) rjrunasflast 10. rirutasoafa@ turaanrfirura{ilfl a?r Exercise 4 rSoncrnoun'qnfrer 1. cHauffo nqsnr^rrrflurfiarf(nqjii4ouaamyunnddn (the most crowded) t%rlayrflrt'lne 2. bqaufra turmaruanrard.uou q-lrorufiilaudro;firsuriasddn (the least) 3. narfia c ahenu\"sflolfiEai(betted noridtililhaureuneuah ; u*-:Xffi*4t ;;,-; una,asdouahrurn 5. cHaufra r,lrntetdnrrs'lfiaeqrSeTaflansuei' usiilanrerLh-r+rrr'lfieaorSrnd,rurn (much) tosndaru$ 6. bHauffa {dtai4rrpriu-nfiorqs$ar2n+r Oonger) frii4ulna 7. dnarffa qr*ngnaim.jrsrurasah6n'{n (the best) tufur6su 8. dnotffa 'larpidaauTflnfirlfialtor, ndlriqflJ{n (most srccessful) lunaarna-rroucp 9. bHauffa oafutl\"lorurrmesnn'fu (as softly as) d{rflflasuj,r 784 na. 4na\"oanf 4nuofrg

10. Hailfra c urnuer drutu'r8 afi u{riasfl mnfi (more ofted urntermet riruri't'l 11. graufro d oout nr asnr o et uugn'j1 (worse) t astt au fr ufir ruantareg a q. o o- / rr-e-.-r+. f n-\"u$ au (as) $12 -\\ a- HOUflA C ? n s il sl FIr+ r+ rr ul u ile s Ln fl tA er e nlr+n'fu 9i 13 6t011fl0 c amr??fl 1etfi a?n'urhltgrha nfufl udr ii rirdnlqd{n (the most tnterestt n g) fAla1- {merYmeufl{31'l 14. Hauffa d #q{iia:nnmsd{n (the most dangerous) lu1and otfi otn 15. nau{a b Tlrfi a?'1silfitilcarse'a6irua$u'rnwirn'fu d (the same...as) t aulfi 16. notffo b nirnre}lu-n ai a u ii n na 6 (bette r) n ra}l u\"n ai a u ii 4 nrr 17. narffa c nrefi 4tnm6dT o'run'h (more I m Portant) naru u's a'ldter gu tnu'n 18. fiauffa c ioraru6nurini'r (older) ueitasutrurn 19. Eouffa b fr tT er I a s+-il fi o sn.r6\"arflh fr fi rrnrT unqd{n (the most exPenstve)'lufru 20. nauffa d ilrn nrr ar taia ufi B6grn\"$rYu (the same...as) ta s a:il 21. narffo c utrufl rrfisluu-nr^1muaaiifi da6sld{n (the most famous) lutan 22. re y)natffo d a-il a a n f i't a-s n T a erj'rqlrirgna{n (m o H a u fi\"tfl e1 s a'il rnq n 4 rL q tr-eu5r re gu l a rl 23. natffa b r,rafl r?l a arsl?atu'nd'r{4 s a'rqus6era*a, nn'h (wlser) n un rlrudre 24. notfia a n q's 6 a ui u dhi r+r a r+lowirn'u (so...as) n risf a ki u rluu 25. fiaufra c fi rilraci6tna-stunuufi urnuararrl'aoqitit+lasilentetral@ 26. nat{o b ;;;;;r;\"-**,** uar' oqqior+-r, iiusr mos27. aa:uila d 'loi]u6euflueraufiarnadf,(ffnhtnsn&a'hlflmfl'4n (the 'luilactilFluu$ 28. notffa c ilaa{usetr-ariogn+l (fewer...than) teud 29. nat{a d a-ufi aqs iirn'nd{n (the heavtest) uasfi a sirer I oe a-$fi aE n do sq siinraa (mor30. grarffa c TtilTnrriTfi\"tEnaneursnfi fl0s1{?nr?1 wqalonci BASIC GRAMMAR l_85

Preposition Exercise I rsnd,tnriodtfi?B'at','on' fiiilo'ln' 1. on Saturday 6. lD summer 11. ln the 19th century (raneaeuii ls) ((ua\"r.uara) C(r+qniou) 12. al midnighi 2. ln tJuly 7. al Christmas .J (uu6ounan4rnar) (urixn6dei'u,ra) Imailrfla{ail.) 3. ln 2009 8. ln the evening 13. on September 14 (r-rl 2009) (unauufiu) Gur\",xfi 14 n\"uurau) 4. al/on the weekend L at half past two 14. at noon (u riari'u n g o4o#r1 oti) (mar+r-iraaarTusnfs) (tJfia%lflas?1{) 5. at 9 o'clock 10. at night 15. on Monday morning (naurfrrTur) (nounarrau) (nauuf,reho\"urfl Exercise 2 HililfiTgnlfianrgaofdeanhqrrunr'qnfros 1. uanmrurissrunhn' (ln) ruaruaacrh${'aEi8ritiiu5a 2. firfrsrr+torahaqir' (on) fi+dr r1asiidaurfrs (on) tarua 3. allfirdar+outr%*r{isarrIfla-rtl(tn) nairi,n+6nluristru*stodn-u (nead t.rafls 4. fi enerupi'oirur%fl a1fl ahsaooqjur (on) ouudrerfi\"' 5. a\"r+ fi o erarffin ur.r an 1n a *d a\"*urtse,fisd (tn) r.tac ffi dfiIfl il p,e\"suf, n 6. uanrer e-omurE\"uufu at) fir r r or ur.les rirfi' a 6 r+d' 7. acire,ura\"*'lur\"ur^rqrfih; ahorleioqjd (at) ryru a'uovaqid (\"t) rjluraseafu 8. un 6 a qfi uxrn-sn' (at) dur ur^urir ffr'lta ar rirTu r 9. (\"t)uar6uasln ar ursfl nil-n fr nurr' anrrirnfl ra-s d rfrrdo [[ na. 4nfsani r4nuoin;

10. a-u'hiflrlrer+Lflunaruruu5r a-uuttdauprevs4ofrrad (at) sruudssruraslflri' 11. ilrnuerneae;lufird (at) tarueern\"un'Tur 12. nr4onrrrdurJr.ilfrfi mrru6fl%d{t ) nqsuror6nrilutrartfis-rl 13. finurrluaTrennurun' (at) nmudasnaudfcr 14. ru'ardnfft, aaarnr+arT n-sd (at) Tasnrilar+Fd urnutrffeaufrrot 15. turlfiuflotrirultrqj finr+n\"ttninmtfirn (on) tar Exercise 3 raurh:TaFfl f;enltruifiaanhqlrunr'qnfr ot 1. qnrdruranuasrfiunxolanan (at) nars6ufrrfiasfitrTtas 2. riasdrrrara'r+orrl'aaqjr' (at) ri'ruratii 810 nr+uu6o#u 3. n nrs as oadn{u'n n urr su'r fi ffi a s1 a silrn uarud ar a1u(h) o4lu'lfrara 4. naulu'tfiaqiiifib{ail,*,fi\" urmvna-us{rh-(h) frT urfi 5. zuanmurisr-ilfir{roqir' (on) flrirfla-stasflrisf,afiuf 6. arflnraTren-Flridduflutarufunen (at) 6.30 tn (rn) riasrfir+ .7 ueudii,ts.rilfiil'nglaanfl'r#iln1ri o-sr+vuurrdstarLdec?fnaiar+h (alon) rirsr?r+trqa{o#r.tnrt{ 8. tanllrn'r?n0{+\"r+\"t+itfiaqjr' (at) rirvrutuait+f teiataqjd (at) rirr+ 9.'turi'uasnearloahraqnraan'ltmr+uiuh (tn) rirsuflu1 1o. u-narqrfl ur6aso\"fl fiarfl do#nlriur^]mtaaun (on) fr'atouu Exercise 4 1. anarffo rSrrnrl n-\"tanun (on) en'hluas enrila-lsvaanufia 2. dsrouffo urnuelsvlrliianlfianlrltas{b$enufin{i Emrqatond BASIC GRAMMAR

3. Foufio a la\"u u\"n e c'hl da er q nr q nmi tr a s +-u1u(on) r\"u a T fi n dria s il r er 4. marffa c ta\"sorn{T (dol n g) srur asurrdSqufrr -ilun addsu\"nai au 5. (h)fiarffo c ufi n fi { r aua n uyr+a\"s n s dru d'r o gllu das fl 6 a Hl 6i.r 6. h4n) glu{n)norffo d nru +-u er a s rfi u pr a a r ne'r r s r ri a fr'a s a e'r 7. nar{a b a'Hil-nr'rilamrao'rn-rnaouna'rflasa-uh(an)r\"unidsiula r)8. crouffa d u a n ur r cislu'lfi rir vn+ a Jleua arilnram (fo d,r u e\"mu6'a 9 HAUflA C nru\"n e c\"hlfi 1u. r*tos-(by) en q'naaru1uaQ#au 10. narffo d g{t+ri'ral fi oufiatu n us1L(h) fi ol os raia u 11. ofta\"rufuaflnarffa a {En+ n a u'[ri fi o nTn ua n uil u t a s m r{ n r aE d un 12. Eauffa c a\"ufiudaupruyr.l*s{ittfluu-nf,nurd (at) errrirara-em4snri-s1r-(ln) ila;mrta-snr1u 13. Hailffa b iltnralrila-se;hia{lfinnar (for) nu-s#rlnrri ilrnuereana'uarrlua\"ud g n-uerlEru 14. Eau{a d a\"r-r'[ai{ ar nmu6u rrshaJby) anhlfro u 15. flaufla a q\"ilrfr lrSsuir',nrrra\"snqr&L(on)1nr\"r+o'urfua;r\"ur1o 16. HAUflA C riastrsrosq'fi rfi otu(tn) Gailn-usreu tt 2010 17. EAtflA a q ruuri r a s o rurir a\"r e ; n a\"u s{,rq1n (fro m) f,r u 6',r 18. qarffa d fl rnre1iluilc{nuurnuraheaitf(durhg) mnre,ru-naqjdn?€a0ila afl 19. r)qau{a d a r r*r e\"n a a s a a T n s a qjsfl nraa,r (fo fl ar sf, a s-il 20. Haufro b q\"$ d'r s r il1u fi a r fi\"fi uparjfur) n 6s frTil r ufr e 21. narfra d ornrplrinnurahj$unourqrt6n,rfl +lulnn,jr6aun'usrsil 22. norffa c qr*rhadlefiugi (stnce) sfirlersrffre'r+# 23. morffa a n4rumonnJdfl uuilarh{h) etnraarsii 1g 24. narfro b ornrp{rnurerurn nrxnaadauuil\"anauriauaan\"lU (golng) fr1sfl an 188 a?. Fln?satil flnrstfl

25. fiauffo c tra{fi?T a-reaqndsr{r (to) qn 26. eauffa c udaurasa'uflfin'tririoerdluaurhlildurlng) rirfradau 27. natila d urra r u ra n;j s\"qrn (ft om) ii dhJd!-Gd Tu a tinr cfl il fir ilr fi 28. gouffa a uou{f;nrdotruranhnrtft (Istentng) rdosammu 1 29. nauffa b raianaarraaqn*ilnnsr (for) nfsfrTersufierirunarsd1apJft 30. nat{a b a'uln'tfi uo a q rxua a ft usi (s t nce) ur n ue.rlrr n-u ii rlr-ea d a a o sil iiufir EGffirrI BAarc CRAMMAn

Coniunction Exercise I rgfl il?lts ntfreur;mffiaa coo rd I nate co nJ u nct I on r'qn fror 1. ahnaerit\"4tm6a (or) d#nrt+u#ouarrrarir6 2. raiau\"ttfri'n+6rmarerirr usi (but) ffleidrarrantrroJlefi'trriautou'[6'uaer 3. -rlunadfi'arnmiiesrEanrfl %n'nroar6o (or) rfl uff(ue\"ua.rtalu 4. lnnutarriar{1errasa\"il urlarsrrlfi d's6uo: (and) tardaanr6a 5. alunntrmh nl#n (so) nraudsfr+mufiddsqnunrfin 6. lurififinrdacin-?t1%*{ un; (and) nr#uuh16'6urn .7 1 \"t.r*fr', un.\"us urirr n-rnuu (so) naia ndse'rL mt+t+a fl r?a,r 8. a flrn ??a a fl il rfl ua rTfl erf'iayia slt n+rr:ir (for) q r*aro 6ru u\"r'lunrsra-s 9. ddrrIasa-r.lllfllenufiqyEi.rr.lfirrierrflLfl%nlurpJa-s$ld ugi (but) ar-ua,rnufiulrl 1 O. a\"uf,?hriarT rx o rrr*s ua: (and) uanrarfi 6 n u-n firan-n 11. ffinelaioiaa4nruurnrh usi (UuO arrmad{.rsta?oEr 12. nnmud n s n o u6dn n na nu6 n-srEu (so) r^n n re,re slillu fpr uaYr.r un Exercise 2 rgu ffi iTs olfieurgaoidra co r re eI a t I v co nJ u nct I on r'qn frar 1. 4rxov6'as6an6aut:rjrs (etther) it1f, einsrflSo-ilfr nf(r+nrnfaailfi fir 2. {ir{uhether)a1ilei a-u a fl r n frfl %nr ur ter a e uh 116 a nr ur d nl u n'uur 3. fi'rraiar+fi ura'rufiersila nriar+o;ltnus (both) aar+nauuacilrSd 4. qrxilotosqrxua;prrxu+ilasqrxrirrfibi (Nelther) una'Ififir+qrxuair+filerlr+mer 5. urnternaatseilSfreveraua\"u:hi6gluoi{nolodg qnriaurasurnral ucia'sararlrlfisloufistos il?nt?1afla2El 190 o?. FIn26N% ilnrs?fu

Exercise 3 1. q-il.frrfl$fraltet:iliefl$ rdadir (so tnat) alt+qsdrureoaauait+\"lfi 2. do (When) nr*na-uesqlnnremurrsufir !{?ntrlqre{'tttrLrLrrdalorquflrgnrn\"u 3. ufiir (Althougtr) umtrerurn nrhitrua'fln1uaa 4. r*rr:,jr (Because) Nurira-sqsnnturir+fi' rp*neer{reuunfi n'trlfieel1ts 5. uaunqilaiarurenun-a-sn6iauqr*ilalarut'r'lfi ufidr (although) utrl6flarflrufiarsaetsufir 6. a-.uezhilorn-r*r.r e*n.h (untll) urrqstolfltluds{iu,rfiraslil 7. \"truoerlorarnh,ir (as lf) naiau{'hneiatrira's1nu6asa;teaqi uritriaul+i{r6aruaa 8. qr*dretrenruruffrarnr-teu1ulfi eflulnd (as long as) qorlailnaJteuaa g. a-uleidruraof,-aenen+ci'Fl-ilutu nonrtaqrn'h (unless) 4zuilatasa\"ulfra\"tfiurtr'l 10. dr 0D urnuerhid'tu.ron.ot'lfiraet tlrnuerdrrumnq?14n1?Flauufdndnrrttter\"etdtfi 11. +--uortnatrr4muailosa--u n-nfid (as soon as) a'r+'lfinaTtri'ralfiarn-\"tqrxilotasa\"r'l 12. +-.%rira-ses\"hlf,'oa.rrreturfiurhfi*' rdsddr (so that) ahes't$ifiaslIr+riutqn{nd'rJn, ri Exercise 4 1. bmar{a srudtfidurir,auuilul$i6 n-snun (so) a-ufira-lslasflrsrt'lneiaqi 2. anarfio ufidr (Though) Hnhi{finaule'tut6asn1{n-? ullfi sasriisrhtupraurfrdsr 3. cnauffa a-urlfruaafrornirartulnl e$ndr (untll) qr*ourirsTulfroeirsdlppe 4. aHail{a reiaulaiarurenrrr{'sf,aiitraiaufiosn're1fr ntnun (so) flaiauqsEs{fiHsdraail-llrfis lilunu 5. dnarfia tm{fi\"rhd'suoutei'taqi nond (when) ilrnTqeurfir ruqaTonei BAslc cRAMMAR 191

6. flallfla a ahurn-rrianraarnr'en'ir(sothat)a-ndrurannsn-rqnr'tATnudrun-r 7. narffa b o Y '-6 a \"jtt'rq ; dr n r a u\"ri r en al6' nanr3sern,j,r (u n l ess) 4 nr'tfi ra o u ua.r a\"u lai i uY l d a-s lar a e$nfi )narffa o,s ad8.un i-i n q a s €a a o\"r u\"u a\"n e v a (un t r I ah e y u.r o-s 9. Haura d a\"ulaia\"srfi se fi1 a nra a n'tilr.ruff rrn ar mh {rsu a n narutnd (as lon g as) q nrn a-r utffriles{u n anilrsdarTur 10. HAUflO A orn,al+irfiu1unoufi\"uriqrxrar6\"oaq*n-aei'r'trifireuy dair (tn case) arnrpteud% 'lnnmr#s 11. norfio b drsnruau fiaair (whether) mroerrn\"lildeuunr6adau#m{ 12. HAUflO A o q nu,ra J)t ?1 l{.r?snfl tnror:r' (wtr I te) o4f a ufi 6auo-o fi fi ri.x 13. norffa d uilr l t a rurrn ndru,rlhirfoud{notonry) fi uadaaari urifi (but a lso) n ei a6 n fir'l fii14. narfia c er rxe ;\"[er'16'(r nilii ira l n e a n nonrdsqln'h ess)(un l q nro urt n * uTfiar r n 15. narffa b a\"u qetrn\"uir (as tf) e\"g r r a fi fl rg tr 1 EJ,r fl ar, r Er 16. narffa d nr'elqmfi (S tnce) uh6u fi oufir r,,renre1s s'[$iaaHr16 n gi o\"h] 17. gtoufia c uanrerar a srfi r+rFomsdr rorsd (as) ran rerrira-suo r+ ad6er t,rs fl r 6r 18. narffa b lranrqrlqclilGuudu n'nfir' (as soon as) a.rn.rrt6nsr 19. narffa c ahof*iluiie;fras'tr.tn-siirirrruriau*ar rden'fi (so that) ahecdruranrirarsst+ trig6eriaurftilacdu 20. narffa a ahe Jl+i ari rgr n&iq rx qTnan?tr[ nanr!ilgemfi (un less) n rurirnaruds ar ofi os rasnrur3sriau nrr:*r21. norffa b ut re r'[ei[r] q n r+-ser ar n-r ur n ua,r (beca use) rcj r m s o il r ri a u ufrr 22. fna:uila a u#a (Al thou gh) n tfl u{a ru-n e d fi q rx a ar r?nr u r ; au d 4 n urn fi ler'lfia=r r t+ 23. marfro d rfi nu\"nfesririra-sdrutru-sf aaa'lr+fr osaelnnann'(when)4r*rrgrff ru.r 24. sfi)ila a dtrn I a sahe rkiuiu4nr aa e$nd1 (unt l) nno rf,f, n 6n-1r 792 ne. (na\"oan[ 4nro6ry

25. nat{o c ilr n re.r e nlid m ri r ar 1.,m urtar:d,r (because) er-r+ln}i ii s iiurn um #sm et 26. natffa b Hn#l'bi (netther) drflsn6a'lfiri,rungirufitdaflllo{tfll6geauiiuanutrfiflrgtr 27. $au{a d Umuri{Uor-onfg nrurdradrreYrnladunrro[ usiurrEt\"susisnlerhiutillcdu 6nfirer 28. floufra c uenrerrila-se co a n\"lil6$r6iun-uua 6 nond (when) ilnuiu nnas*. 29. nat{a a fr osnreirfi-d r oenduretuln uss (and) uanu\"ufi ir6 iiu asrfi urfi os6n fiefl 30. nat{a d 4 ole fl rthi fi s d u.r +r fi {.r niu r? a 1 n? a n nenrf, aqrnfi (un l ess) q r*o r rillfi r5afi\"u nvqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR 193

Question Tog Exercise I e-uq'rirorufirsilrsTsadr$rarfi or{rn-url*Iandrnf,rsfi e 1. marffa e You can\"t answer all the quesilons, can you? 4 or't+idruren q a r rir m u rurnu orlfi 'hitnar 2. norffo h You will help me to do the dishes, won\"t you? q rxozriea ahfrrselu'[u'hin6o 3. norfio d .lohn believes you, doesn't he? o o tiuriia q nr 1u'hitr6o 4' Israrfro The teacher shourd exprain the resson, shourdn't he? o r*nanraa6il1su ru6su lartrinio 5. qauffa i The boy didn't know the lesson, did he? 6nft ra'lrirffrteunr6au lritnu 6. noufra a Bob frightened you, didn't he? 7. narfra c 8. norffa g fl a r {T TrTq rxn n'lq n a-a lutriria You can speak English well, can,t you? q r*drnmnunnrrra\"snqr'lfid lar}ir6 a She couldn't arrange that, could she? nei a r.l'tri arananeh nrauhlfi hitrar 9. qarffa b You won'l tell him, will you? qr*oilrironrt.r ldtnar 10. nalffa f He shouldn't do it, should he? nrhinrefruh 'tritnu Exercise 2 rn-u*eitsatft f nrpoffiaarirotrf,rarJr jTgFr E Fr?. r\"r!rrbr.l+ ,rta?oJ

1. nmhitotulasq tihrr{do vsu) 2. Tauu^dn1daqiiirirs1u'lilahfi' tritm (ts ne) 3. qnra-r\"l*itfiutu-sElofinf tritnu (have you) 4. @raulan*ra1e-sr,tduasdrilr+la 5. uanutr't*ildtrltunatrf,dn tritnu (dtd they) 6. qnrfrotnmtracbfl'lil@ .7 ua nrer rita-sq v o o n 6 umr st'ufl qffi\" L&h6q{aren:tJe) 8. rfl oain{1ilfiq-$r%aEl H,rrlvlt+od 9. aeir6u6aprr.lar4ai; nnal'ltlr (wlll you) @10. lriilkrari, ei'sq]nen-ariaqi 11. rnnr.lesurfisdqrSrffi\"'@ 12. **nrnu.u^uturirutalqr* @ 13. dr+fi Hsdra+t-r-, #t lfi a-t nil on Ui[xn4dll you) 14. 6utrnit#nufirmoc flno{flil (shall we) 15. qrx'hiufi%qruuqlasahuas tdlnu (have you) @ rqanrr;laattf,arrnufrrsil#Tsa 1. It doesn't look verY nice, does it? u-uq'leiaru uT nwir'leras tdlnu 2. It's verY exPensive, isn\"t it? u-uar n ruulrrnraa lsl'ldfl 5a 3. The film was great, wasn't it? nrfl er ufi ddasfi\"era odeluliluacr \"[+itri ffi a EnrqaTond BAslc GRAMMAR

Exercise 4 dn1. HATflA A o..' a n a r+ tr ei a u Er-s ril $ n ei o r+bi-(wasnl) q ar o u r n r?i,r'h tdtfi u 2. HAUIO C uhu6auaYaqnnnu2\"t nrysar&cr11{Elrfl Lfidn6a{|sdlhe) 3. srarffa b yenraru\"n otrar?rrdri'uluriasilre Lildx6r(don:Lwq) 4. flaufro d mriaurroaildaer@ 5. fl0ufla a ua#es\"ldfirfi otritriuuuu tdlne (would he) 6. sroufla d a\"uiilodrq r*a,re;udr o ;6uffit hldnfe (a ren't you) 7. HOUflA C urnrarna\"rLurn-srjrufi nrar'oaufi\"'L&tr6ojdrddr_we) @8. Houffa b ilanmre u urEi r+ n\"turnrer6, @9. HAUflA C nrxfrarrruoJta#nfi uasria%fi nnrqcilrue r 10. narffo b q rufi fi adac{have) rf,u rJ a r ffas fi n t ri o fi rru lutri ni a 11. nouffo a urT e:ilr (wtll come) nhfiiinr\"tfinarrdre lulinia 12. norffa c 'taifiuf,out?m rrrq nluir ufiiaa tdtnn (are there) 13. narffa b fl r n rr1 ri1 a-s s s fl\"a n d o e o'u du {riur n ra.r htdn6o (a ren,t the9 14. Haufia c tdlrnq rxo sl*i fr a s n ratriQ n 1 r o s q or rJa ; u q m n-erd * u'u (wou rd you) 15. norfra d n-nndfurn (Ttm has returned) qrnfiraodnufrr'lrihin6o 16. natffa b r n n u u m y?.da * iie c'hl nh n a u fi16'r'lntrin6a (shou ldn,t they) 17. Hauffa b ua n rar fr a s\"[rr nh ufial u n o u fi? a u n'q c ar s ln1d,iie (mustn't we) @18. norfia c q r*qsr a s qrx}fjs{an fi s rlnah 19. qoufra d ry r fr l r o sm n re.rEi{were) ii d uer' a d'aTu r n u6a \"h.tri n6 a 20. nouffa a oci'r6u fi'e sriru-neiles rr ril'lil fiaa sna€lne (wt II you) 796 en. 4nr\"oanf lnuofrg

21. aou{o c \"teiff(erearuran6ltnr\"lfi'irfi oJtefi aua, er 1dltu-(eould-they) 22. aa:uila c dtT atas4oibi-(doesnl) tarLlourn tritter 23. qatffa a nrnuaroshisaulfrnrrfsunuenrfi n1iirfi nnd{fi tdhe-(wtlt rue) @24. narffa d 'leiffheaqinaariranrEa{aT fi naea'rarltduan 25. Hauffa b nei audn (loves) iio cfi il6\"4fir1fr4n 1ra s'[u'hit6a 26. natfra a q orlri na, tdT t$resenn-sfiTu r tdheJdqyou) @27. sffi)ila b '(ne1 fi arerranur fi strfi m?Fln1ilfi @28. matfra c n'r 01ss ufl el ofl-n d fi es fi 'i1s m snaittir r+ asufin1q\"@29. natffa c fi r6nT eanTofl dreilesdrfl T sluufi @30. mauffo b Tn n uilale n:uatafi o o nrurl a s?1?fl tll'l rwqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 797

Finol Test 16onrhneur'qndor d1. eou{a r+ht?sildrisfrdndasdrrunued (are)'lufi{risura{a-rl .r\"r.flailfifia (;5) nflflr* urnrrturritl\"r+ rire6ilra n\"dr students rilr+il*arur^rr4mrf nisrfinr+rurorfroqilr.lgrJufiref Fl-o are riau Tom Lflnilecalilmnlrerd as6'a{fln6sr is iirLflr+ranr,ref 2. nauia b qrxlaifi na;rttar+vnwn (much)'hittrar rire6urs ri,iT luggage rilr+rTeru-u'[u'[fr esfr'aslffluqilurarmnuorirdua nrnfiarnraudor druar+niorjiu,rrx fraslfl much u1flElrefrr:+flfir J. r adrlttr{worked)naute c 1 n 1 n u n a a n d a r--r-j ifr ' r u u -u rn fta ci fr r+ a r tnau# s fi\" ar nlaol1g ilevTfl F fihuensnrena;rfrfi ffi aflsnuaceuasufi'atuafin fias?f, past s i mp eI (v.2) 4. neu{a d ilannr cirsl'r'rnh r\"erar var rlr?'rrn1llel rl Frdgrgtnantr Gmustn g) nrn alaolJls nratffrirqrurfi'n{fie#T qe1nn6fl1 amuse iisudosomunfmfapreruff?ln rdotf,tarEj uru film tunaruflursdr r+r... fras?ffqrJ -ing 5. glau{a b r.f4r -a%rar q-ir 1ld-.dara.rt+ufrr urel,dre:fi (ln splte qD narufi\"ufi se r.tavlserfi\"uaosprarurinuffsrosfionaril6ie%frr+uas6irflfr,rs ars6an'If, in spite of riro6u,le ?-,r.a.J4Fta1ilfi atlElar uualecfr ... ffsnrararrdaarirurer 6. nsr{o c ah@lraamte Gurprsed) dt6'r#r+uuar6i unr 4r+-t ri,ra6urs rfi oudosomanirianaruff,n tr+nmunrurcrdr flf,n... fi.oslffgu -eO 7 neu{a d r+hu6eruor+.}ftl,l+idrumnn6nuEasn,rmasr{r (maktng) prarufi ouaro16' riro6urs ru'a'lflnfar avoid fiasnrufira V.ing fiflflp avoid making... 8. seuf,o a l+irfiasuriqntrsrasa-% ugierserero-sa-%firaii8n (am) rfifinrfldaaslnnmrdr+lna 3J1nfl1.[.1o1{ nire6urs nmtf,riruiioer not only...bul also... {fsnursn-s \"leiufiasuci...usigr-s... fin6i'nn1e.jr t6'o slf,nesrlfia a o pr fi'a s n-r tjec or u Fr-rfi a-s lu ti g\"afl a m n 1ar ilas a1% I E 6l? {na\"oan[ lnuoSry

9. eotr{e b trLGoI)r*fir q rx fr a s n ra'lfr +h ri rs n{ 5 a q u 1n r +lu r+ s nho6ug ffaf(ffilesterafiia\"lrrf,\"ti 1 udnsprarurflu\"lrl'l6'(ufloqfut6oouroH tudfi'driltas Main Clause hifiatfir.tasaruilrflfir uuarlaa'luqrhasilecTanrird's ue16s1f,n6s'l call tuqrl V.1 10. neu{e d pr r*ne I ar a'r+lfi u ro-l fi at s rn fi ahea (had wa I ted) nr at rlil utr fiar fr r.n+ r rlre6rns * l tu n., ofl ,r, 6 q {i rfi n t*uua s o U a sf i a u6 n nr q nra oftr u rer fi a slf, P a s P e r f e c t .(f'\"a V.S) t$iifi?{rnn'jrqsrfi offiruaseilasriounisr arri ved 11. neu{o a uenrqrdturaona?tu, ritrlfi u#ir (a|though) n r+r+q nri\"rriru rlra6uT g ffafi\"rgosnrrur-auffsrasdasrLestandtdoatn-r+ riT riia+rfrnnfras 'lfruri although ulrflgnruurfirsilasTan (S. + V.) 12. not{s c .andrarasa-nhs?h{r$ (used to work) iifi ucifl ziouhflfitirmr+iifi ufirlu\"ufi\" rl, s6rns nraudnsunqnl?ilrcm) n^fl fi\"iliuluaf?ietluil0oaagEl u[?a'lar'dli]r{u'l?r'aLnlf,arl S. + used to + V.1 lfifieEr r+anrtfiaqrn Past SimPle (V.2) 13. nsu{o b -uf nd'6aJwas)?trdaludutorLnouiia\"riaqidlerftern Cra6tt udar]esorilLilrrdaitr rerfio'jruilur+ratuonflq{ dr$du{estflnfi?lritunrqnreof tuo6e nfsrf,lfrasfr'asLflr+ was 14. neuf,s a a'r+ n a.j,r n o u riun admrd a s dt*ilanerrrulrsurirn\"t (as e xpensl veas) *r' 6 a l u'u nl, aAtrs nlanl-aaUtfiauna,unirn-r+tasrirqorrf,in{ uerlfiqrL as + adiective + as Toad rir q orrhr tif(f, fi'a s a -a'luqrl rl n fi 15. nouia c q rxos\"ldrftr (wou ld have seen) ernIild nrfn I os a'*ufir'jr a-$oqi iiu, ur arud a rlT afina #rln, ti'fr ufir firqulfiqadrsei's1o {of(ffrLestflnfiar.\"Lrn'uii 3 uaorsdriirflu'trL'ter16'luo-oa reroiruflr+fraslfftnerairr If + S. + Past Perfect, S. + would have + V'3 16. nou{a a aeir6uCre:{r (to do) uut?tntrhfi?iourisoafu dreitra dalfln6ar re membe r tnoarufi ure'jr qoof *jrezfroqrirostt fias'lf,Hrualrfiae to + V.1 6s1ffqrl remember to do'.. nrqalonei BAslc cRAMMAR 199

17. ee!f,e d ufr'iruqufiitrfaauroiosa{ (fewer) ugiflriaufiraarfisaar (less) n.jrnrprrieruilufir rhaftrrs ueinarufietrsecuflfiarln\"$ 6o udorsdruaur6oilfutoriiriaeras usirarfiasoernurud nlerarlfirs sr'a classes uiluureruruorf ds1f, few turfi+ndr no fewer uac$r'o time rfluu.rru*1r'ter'lfr!ilsuilumnilqd\"rduo sslf, Iittte lu#unfi ,a |ess 18. neria c rTa s trsr a s a\"uegQnillTxn (wl I I be punlshed) ulrer crrrmnr6e ud aaruf rheEtra ilavTaodtf,nSs'flunmilflursras passive voice aa rjeaorurflufinnnec?ir :ilrfigrloa Verb to be + V.3 nrdslf, will be punished 19. neuie c qnr'leifrasnra\"laanSerrdar6n htdnia (do you) (you don\"t...) Creftt,ts nratf, ouestion tag r6ori.rn,rerfr'ratavleerdoqjfia-silaslanil46a raT fiafiflqr.tranuri,r ;ils'tfiuri do you 20. nouf,o d il1{ 1{{61 0r6t'$ot lfi e{ fl a{ a rhaftns nretf,nia,r look forward fralmrudrelUi^tuyt to + N./V.ing tudfihsfr'aslff to reading 21. sau{o a 4ordrdrrh (were you dotng) a:itao{ra'aarunaufr rlusrf,r Cla6u,rg tnmudo{n{ H nrenfrda nrenes?irdrira-srfi ofi+Ill a 6 H fr'a slffp pa s co n t i n u ous (was/we re + V. i n g) Tner#srnmir$r-nfi rimcuraariiuruau 22. caria a rirnre*rarfr ireuln uFiilenrarfiogn$ (few) drumn q au'tfi dra6rns ffafi\"uaprsprerert-oufftTqEflf,Fi, rdaar but mrnrerfiasnraneirrn-qonriodsrasyr'fidruau riaaurn fr'0slfl few * urur.lir'lA'ur4mrf n,rnlff a few q;murgn-s uafirjrs 23. neuf,e b naiaul+iaT ruraohTasrisu\"tfi' rdawrern (because of) arufi mnasen nrudosrfiHflafinruarrfiasriru,ru fiastfl because of rilarsfi1ntfl because dre6rng esfr'asnlilfirerilaetetn (S. + V.) 24. nau{o c nrura\"snqr*r{tuttT iinrente (hteresfl ng) ittrf,s ahFnentq (lnterested) [112{11{ rire6trg m'audnsnarufiane'jr ur... fias?flgrJ -ing 6a interesilng uavru'afi,asnreudor narilfiurs-jr ff,n... fiaflf,grJ -ed na interested 200 ore. qnfoarf 4nro6rg

25. nau{e d naalnf,rtasilannliq-nfi 6iot*ft usi(strrce)trriar+e'\"s1fl u#nd, Cra6tre rrfi n1?ot-$-erf-l 3 cr>l{an-fi lracFirtfi ui{rqufisiloqu-u 6s1f, Present Perfect (has/ olti{ h\"u\" * V.3) uartr.rnfiosnramrpraTdru6urfinn*udala re,'lf, since + qadufiu $osLtal fl6oa.rqtf,eruurfirerilastantuqrl Past Simple (V.2) fflfiurir+n\"u 26. nauio b cl sl.Iy-l.tlrytoF-lfl ?.l-nsnVu asr+r.hdo-t-t4is^-$-- (/-w-^a- s w---rr$lt-lng) 5m aa g draftns ,-::' .*-r\"n''n,reofdrira-ssirrfinag.'luo-orn rarlf, Past Continuous (was/were + V'ing) *\" rerlf, Past Simple (V'2) uasuilailontflqnmrufil{surenrffru't a22. sau{o utrlqan-r*.naufi\"firerri'urna; nnal'tnu (shall we)' ulfia 'ltnhuagnar*f\" Cra6uu nratf, Ouestion tag na-lrles1aniiudosnref'n{au iiss*ufiufieel Let us n5o grJeia 6a Let's uarfiaslf, shall we c28 Bauia *qor\"lfif nrireaareernuqildlias'ttu\" elnl$'l n%usia'il1dfu(recelYed) ut+itae er-@ qaru'tgau-uai, 4ertasnIrfr ados6anrian\" dre6'rs fiafi-neilfisur4nraoi'frleirfin1*ur,aern\"susio6monn-sflo1t\"u e1lfl Present Perfect (has/have + V.3) uacdolf, since frasnrufirnrlestnn Past Simple (V'2) c29. neris \"mnttrutfisnhur'olt (When)\" \"6unrfidufir\" crefir,rc nrenrufi+rqn,rmf.i,rufiorn'ntudesraarlo uerlff When 'h.dfi\"drurer'#stnnoln n\"r n ot d'irue nttrur fi s d af t ur fi iiufi a d30. nerlio lu[iiarfiaiifiqirir$ur4sd uagHrfiLilfldft-n (ts known) 'lr+nqilnlnudf(t*gtu' tttu-nf a s ii fi d a # a s Pn+ s drefi,s rerfraslfl passive voice (verb ro be + V.3) rdasqrnlfl6aqnuflr+d{e\"n tunrrutursfla{n1?onn?s{r re16s1f, is known nvquToYrd BAslc cRAMMAR 201

Irregulor Verbs $s ffi s & {$ {s *s s$ s $s s & qF {$ s s 4$ {$ $$ €$ se 4t I-tiigv;\\