Environment and sustainability

170 4 ClimateeCChange 4.1 ulsu uRadt aaa May ulâada (Climate Change) 42 4 aMa aau sla uGa R (Global Warming or Green House effect) 4.2.1 ela Ma va aig (Control on Global Warming) 4.3l dRaui ouslei (Ozone Layer Depletion) 4.4 nuy vRada iauan (Climate Change Management) a (Short Questions) D Multiple Cholee Questions (MCQs) O u (Exercise) 4.1 l s a uRada 1 PMUY uReda (Climate Change) : s2ls21 Gloll azà. . nas RAAl 2. tqaha «ARa 1.

ulsa uRada-0 «ad (Effects of Climate change) 1. yluauVl4Aiq4ud: *eai qud « 9. dlvl-i quà al 3. yeell audu alvli 0.9°C 19-l aEll sie zlai 2 uelaul Qonal: ME HrM llià-s >uA Àaakst y2 AR5L *. 1901 «l 1910l a i anArM art2Hi 8 Sa quà zi è. NASA 3. aage a*A gHn: 4 UnHaq sla siGa MHR (Global warming or Green House effect): 5. 6. 4

gunaug ulRed (Climate Change) 171 (b) adlsa ii) >lallsea (iv) (v) da q(vi) CO alli elúaau Gasni

172 30 % energy reflected SUN Short waves (uv) Solar radiation escape Ultraviolet(Short wavc lcngth)| Infrared (Long wave length) Layer of Green House CO+CH,+ N,O +H,0 Gases and water vapour Atmosphere Infrared rays Infrared rays + uv Short waves (uv) + reflected back some Infrared passes rays emitted by through GHG layer Temperature of atmosphere rises heated earth surface Short waves absorbed Earth surface heated/ by earth objects Earth Fig. 4.1 Green House Effect uuad o12 AMl Bua la si6a AaR (green house effect) se 9. - CFC) R-l a0d à s *ll qldi4R-l anetl qÀ 9. U *AA sRase AR (green house effect) uaIRIM i Been aidiaRaHiel 4HUR 2EA yel-l aul zl usA 8. déNA adndouS (Wave length) A du à. u i j dlYHl1 TÀ i. MH2A sRd°Le HAR (Green house effect) sè è. sl ióa agl (Green house gases): . s t slsaus (CO,) 2 A CH) 3. uSa lsauss (N,O) 4. sld saå stolt (CFC)

I U y lRada (Climate Change) T 17 (CO,) : ulaad 2.3 mlau1 21-ù aua B. 41A S.a. 2000 ui 368 ppm j 9. salsauSs Hd ui CO i *HI 700 Ma 2ll anè i ani qltiqaMAi 2 H CO, i *H9L AlalP1s Qst Ndai 280 ppm si (CH,): ogla H i dl sù 20 x *2a 9. uglsauds (N,0): 6 21 9. s lealal seia (CFC) o. ocùua aAMi dl s1û 14 251 ¥2al s. 4 CFC 1rN Mra-A uBt, CO, sRrti 1500 l 7000 suel u A Uy a, ArsRAH2, YS-2 balaui quan ®. N2O 6% CFC cO2 14% 60% CH4 20% Fig. 4.2 Contribution of green houses in global warming t1. suGa Sês2-0 2usaad (Impacts of green house effect): l 2100 lai 1.4°C l 5.8°C *2ed qu GLtuL-Hi url Arlt qurA sad yulu dlyUHHi S.. 1900 . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

174 d44 AN NHAU (Global Warming Potential) GWP: Green House gas GWP CO 25 AH (CH) 230 3. uSza lsats (N,0) 12000-16000 4. CFC 4.2.1 l all va aiza (Control on Global warming): I. 3. CFCà Gvaoi aa A2a Ad s2al. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. l0àl¥2 »HEHi Hsa1. 9. 10. o asl-l iseuU >UN auadl. 4.3 l t art2Hi suslai (Ozone layer Depletion) yel-l auudlel ennn 12 25 B-l ausau cudariu vstA èdsla sd 9. dai »lAt uy H D. zhil I a e Beel-l dincdous 290 320 nm vel su s. H »lM1 d? HGIaRide Baai-l Auld Ra t d2Hi >lM1l HiAl Hrdt uél rd 9. S.a. 1987 *i l n j uua 50 2s1 sj uda 40 251 25 ovi9. CFCl + ultraviolet light Cl+CFCl2 CI+O3 CIO+O2 CIO+0 C lC + O 2 saa o+ 0 O

nay uRad (Cllmate Change) 175 1. uv radiation hits 2. Chlorine atom CFC molecule breaks away from c CFC (C CFC molecule STRATOSPHERE (o)free chlorine atom C Free chlorine Free chlorine Continue to deplete ozone 3. Free Chlorine O2 Oxygen O3 0zone atom hits molecule ozone molecule 6. O2 molecule formed and chlorine atom is free free oxygen from do clO chlorine O2 Oxygen molecule 5. A free oxygen atom monoxidee hits clO molecule aen atomThe44.. The chlorine atom/pulls Fig. 4.3 Destruction of Ozone l a d ade-l aa-l »AaA (Effects of zone layer depletion): 1. 2a va al *aA: 3. uv Lm-Hu dN assi, uls, 242, sINS q9R-1 JAaU 42 9. 5.

176 . 6 9.A. 2000 4i »*A »AEArt S.a. 2010 H i CFC À 6vdt i4 sil adl Heucl MsaIaau . 2. CFCHl , »lzdt anad aalsl ala velad dau HCFC (esd seå saial sei-) augü akRZi Va 3. 4. iGHi MHi 100 2s1 CFC t Gea GuaA *A Gvaou sra ASA. C.F.C. d9? CFC - Rl ìval alGt c0, sai 1500 l 7000 ul ud è. oena afMaei àù euù 14 21 8. AR, aut, övd-s u Asad dHi CFC què GuH ar 8. 41MI 95 21 CFC 2L MsRd 2aL dEL SA , 4.4 u y ukadt 4uaA (Climate Change Management): 1. -u« sRUR (Montreal Protocol) S.a. 1987 qi ùlaa ud 27 8ala quiarmai lA1 Ar oHUAL A12 stltR S4[. AsA 2aù S.a. 2000 175 al asHd u i. 2. sul sua (Kyotó Protocol) . . 1997 qi autu Aud uà quÀel »uidzeua uANsHi ARH N skaqy»lj Gue-t 1990 l aHelA| 2012 l i 5 2st 2a Hè aera au . 3. d aAa (Earth Summit): y--l vulaz A As idA MA°i, Sa. 1992 i, albau a-A-aaåd ld qul. ¥ii sReialj 6ruGt 211 j u Aaidl uRd s24uvi »UAL. 4. Ra AlA-2 (Paris Agreement): 2015 i UN u 196 a aA usa sl s Ij *Helsaa 2020 i u3 aj s. 5. sundoH -2dana sl42a (Copenhagen International Conference): 2009i 3-us-u Åv-tdat u Hul erl. i i 192 a-u uaAML, NG0's, vasd «aA q dld sn. ulaau à4sugui >ucl sdl.

Rad (Climate Change) | 177 u idea (Vienna Convention) : i N e t 1985 y7. 6e Rad sl42-« (2012): stlt ld 2012 i *nuy vRadt 4s) si-42-a AAS. ai daà uAdan olAa ist ul (Short Questions) heau viel 6a qNA RUN CRAUE 200 l.A. du, vig RUE Deau Ea qlui 150 0.0. qruE Üual su ad 2. (c) 3 i) (i)dAs2 Gii) la-lLs2n (v) CO d ln sióuda-tu Gas+Hi qla (vii) adlisnni zlALA A4 Envi.&s (Sen-1/11) \\ 2022 \\23

178 2) Aulaal dand: 5. B e a usig2aHiel var asA yl4l aud zl vai d. l disdl diuS (Wave length) a quriqR ivHLt qÀ 9. * 3M8RA sfAds >aR (Green house effect) bè e. 6. 6a agal su su? I.stvüsauss (CO,) 2. A (CH) 3. uasuSs (N,0) 4 sà saià selt (CFC) 7. I. adi-Hi aai ddd quuA strå ydu dtvl1Hi Sa. 1900 «l 2100 tlti 1.4°C l 5.8°c *eai a 4. 6. 8. 2. l i us2xagsn uitaù qvan ua4 N,0 j *ua k2ss.

u l nany uR4d (Climate Change) 179 CFC 6ya 9. 10. 11. A 12. . Bael-l adncinuS 290 «l 320 nmeell su3. UH AAA A2 M2Qi 1. 2. 4. uv Bael-u eli aLssi, euRs, 2U2, s11s qR-A Yaqtl aè s. 5. 1. - a srur (Montreal Protocol) 2. n à sua (Kyoto Protocol) 3. 4 yAt (Barth Summit) 4. Ra AlA2 (Paris Agreement)