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kuran-12-meb

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<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 51

2. Ünite52

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 53

2. Ünite54

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ2. Muminun suresi 55

2. Ünite IIIIlIIЯКŽšœ–¦šŠŒŠ–’Ž¡‹“¡‹ö—ИĞŽšНœšŽŠœ–¦­§š¦¯နI—–¨Ž£œšœ–¦­§Ć—Š¡ÚšÚ¯Úš£Ğ¡Ž£“š“–¡œšœ˜Ž¤¢Ž“—ދޗ“¡—ޭޡޖ‹“¡À“¯Ž—‘Ž­Ž–Š­Ž-“š“¯န–¦˜Š’Ú¯ÚšÚ¯Š–“‘Ž—“Ć˜Ž­“‘ö¯—Ž˜—Ž­“š“¯န 56

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 57

2. Ünite58

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 59

2. Ünite60

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 61

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<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 63

2. Ünite64

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂ 65

2. Ünite66

<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶͲŦ<Ğƌŝŵ͛ŝ'ƺnjĞůKŬƵŵĂI. OKUNACAK SURE VE AYETLER øVUDVXUHVL 67

2. Ünite,,7(&9ø7%ø/*ø6ø 6DNLQ0LP¶LQ2NXQXúùHNLOOHUL ¸Ú “Cezimli mim” ( ͿŚĂƌĮŶĞ͞ƐĂŬŝŶŵŝŵ͟ĚĞŶŝƌ͘^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵŝŶŽŬƵŶƵƔƵLJůĂŝůŐŝůŝƺĕƚĞĐǀŝƚŬƵƌĂůŦǀĂƌĚŦƌ͗ ϭ͘^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵĚĞŶƐŽŶƌĂŚĂƌĞŬĞůŝďŝƌŵŝŵŚĂƌĮŐĞůŝƌƐĞŝĚŐĂŵͲŦŵŝƐůĞLJŶŵĞĂ͛ůͲŐƵŶŶĞŽůƵƌ͘ ƵĚƵƌƵŵĚĂ͖ ͻ7ŬŝŵŝŵŚĂƌĮďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĞŬĂƨůĂƌĂŬƔĞĚĚĞůĞŶŝƌ͘ ͻbĞĚĚĞůŝŵŝŵŚĂƌĮŐƵŶŶĞůŝŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ ͻ'ƵŶŶĞůŝŽŬƵLJƵƔ͕ďŝƌďƵĕƵŬĞůŝĨŵŝŬƚĂƌŦƚƵƚƵůĂƌĂŬLJĂƉŦůŦƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗¼Ö Å¿× ºØ ]Ú º× ¹Ú Â× ÄÖ Ú¸ fϮ͘^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵ; ͿĚĞŶƐŽŶƌĂďĞ; ͿŚĂƌĮŐĞůŝƌƐĞĚƵĚĂŬŝŚĨĂƐŦ;ŝŚĨĂͲŝƔĞĨĞǀŠͿŽůƵƌ͘ ƵĚƵƌƵŵĚĂ͖ ͻ^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵŐƵŶŶĞůŝŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ ͻ'ƵŶŶĞůŝŽŬƵLJƵƔ͕ĚƵĚĂŬůĂƌŦĨĂnjůĂďĂƐƨƌŵĂĚĂŶďŝƌďƵĕƵŬĞůŝĨŵŝŬƚĂƌŦƚƵƚƵůĂƌĂŬLJĂƉŦůŦƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗Õɬ„Ö ewÖ {Ø Øh¹Ú ÃØ Íºà …Ú Ön ƵƂƌŶĞŬƚĞ͖ ¸Ú ͻŝƌŝŶĐŝŬĞůŝŵĞŶŝŶƐŽŶƵŶĚĂƐĂŬŝŶŵŝŵ ǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ fͻ7ŬŝŶĐŝŬĞůŝŵĞŶŝŶďĂƔŦŶĚĂďĞ; ͿŚĂƌĮŐĞůŵŝƔƟƌ͘ ͻƵĚƵƌƵŵĚĂŝŚĨĂͲŦƔĞĨĞǀŠ;ĚƵĚĂŬŝŚĨĂƐŦͿŵĞLJĚĂŶĂŐĞůŝƌ͘ ͻ^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵƐĞƐŝĚƵĚĂŬůĂƌŦďĂƐƨƌŵĂĚĂŶŐĞŶŝnjĚĞŶŐĞƟƌŝůŝƌǀĞŚĂƌĨďŝƌďƵĕƵŬĞůŝĨŵŝŬƚĂƌŦƚƵƚƵůĂƌĂŬŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ ϯ͘^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵĚĞŶƐŽŶƌĂŵŝŵǀĞďĞ͛ŶŝŶĚŦƔŦŶĚĂŬŝŚĂƌŇĞƌĚĞŶďŝƌŝŐĞůŝƌƐĞƐĂŬŝŶŵŝŵŝŶŝnjŚĂƌŦ;ŝnjŚĂƌͲŦƔĞĨĞǀŠͿŽůƵƌ͘ ƵĚƵƌƵŵĚĂ͖ ͻ^ĂŬŝŶŵŝŵĚĞŝĚŐĂŵLJĂƉŦůŵĂnj͘ ͻ'ƵŶŶĞLJĂƉŦůŵĂnj͘7njŚĂƌĚĂŽůĚƵŒƵŐŝďŝŚĂƌĨ͕ĐĞnjŝŵůŝǀĞƚƵƚƵůŵĂĚĂŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗¹Ú ׳׿̀à ¹Ú ³× Öɭ 0  ဖ  ÔjÖ ’Ö ]Ú º× ¹Ú ØÃÍÚ Ö·¢Ö ¹Ú ØɳØ ¹Ú ×ɳĄ ք¼Ą ØdeÖÃͪà ¹Ú Â× ÄÖ  ¦–Š¡ÚŠ‘ŽÀŽš£Š–“š˜“˜—Ž“—‘“—“¤ŽŒ¨“¤—Ž¡“ထö¡›Ž–¤Ž–“‘“‹“ŠÀږ—Š­ÚšÚ¯¨Ž–Ž—“˜Ž—Ž¡“¤ŽŒ¨“¤—“ œ—СЖœ–¦­§š¦¯န 68

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2. Ünite Ϯ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƌƐĂŬĞŶĚŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĮŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƐŝŶĞďĂŬŦůŦƌ͖ƺƐƚƺŶǀĞLJĂƂƚƌĞŝƐĞƌĂŬĂůŦŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗…Ú {Ö ¾Ú ɫÄÖ eÖ¾…Ú “× ¾Ú eÖª ϯ͘,ĞŵƌĂŚĂƌĮŚĞŵĚĞƌĂŚĂƌĮŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĨƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƌƐĂĚĂŚĂƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĮŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƐŝŶĞďĂŬŦůŦƌ͖ƺƐƚƺŶǀĞLJĂƂƚƌĞŝƐĞƌĂŬĂůŦŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗„Ú Å³× ŽÖ …Ú “Ú Ö£¶Ú ɫÄÖ ϰ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƉŬĞŶĚŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĨĞƐƌĞůŝŽůƵƌƐĂǀĞƌĂ͛ĚĂŶƐŽŶƌĂŝƐƟ͛ůąŚĂƌŇĞƌŝĚĞŶŝůĞŶŬĂůŦŶŚĂƌŇĞƌĚĞŶǻÚ ȈØ ǷÕ ȂÚ –Ö ǯĄ ǜ× ďŝƌŝƐŝŐĞůŝƌƐĞƌĂŬĂůŦŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗ÕkÖ®…Ú ت€Õ e’Ö …Ú ºØ ϱ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƌǀĞŬĞŶĚŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞĚĞĞƐƌĞůŝǀĂƐŦůŚĞŵnjĞƐŝŐĞůŝƌƐĞƌĂŬĂůŦŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ŝƌƂŶĐĞŬŝŬĞůŝŵĞLJůĞďŝƌͲůĞƔƟƌŝůŵŝƔŽůƐĂĚĂŬĂůŦŶŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗ŁÖ Ön„Ú d½Ø ֻضɞà vØ „Ú Ød 5D+DUILQLQøQFH2NXQGX÷X'XUXPODU ϭ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮŶŝŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƐŝĞƐƌĞŝƐĞŝŶĐĞŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗´Ô evÖ Ø„ÖkÖ·zÚ Ø„ Ϯ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƌƐĂŬĞŶĚŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĮŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƐŝŶĞďĂŬŦůŦƌ͕ĞƐƌĞŝƐĞƌĂŝŶĐĞŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗À× …Ú «Ø §Ú ÖoŠÚ ɫÄÖ …Ú ÙØ²ƒÖ Öª ϯ͘,ĞŵƌĂŚĂƌĮŚĞŵĚĞƌĂŚĂƌĮŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĨƐĂŬŝŶŽůƵƌƐĂĚĂŚĂƂŶĐĞŬŝŚĂƌĮŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƐŝŶĞďĂŬŦůŦƌ͕ĞƐƌĞŝƐĞƌĂŝŶĐĞ ŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗…Ú wÚ zØ ĖÚ ià ~Ö  Êϰ͘ZĂŚĂƌĮƐĂŬŝŶ͕ŬĞŶĚŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞůŝŶŚĂƌŇĞƌŝŶĚĞŶLJĂ; ͿŽůƵƌƐĂƌĂŝŶĐĞŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ĂƔŬĂďŝƌŝĨĂĚĞLJůĞůŠŶŚĂƌĮŽůĂŶLJĂΖĚĂŶƐŽŶƌĂŐĞůĞŶƌĂŚĂƌĮƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞĚƵƌƵůƵƌƐĂƌĂŝŶĐĞŽŬƵŶƵƌ͘ PƌŶĞŬ͗ĖÚ Ú ~Ö ĖÚ Ú ŠÖ I Š—Úš ¨Ž “šŒŽ œ–¦š¦Í§ ­Ž¡—Ž¡“š ÚĆښŠ –Š—Šš ¨Ž Н £Š­ÚŠ ö¡›ŽÍ“ ‹¦—¦šŠš ŠĆŠÍڍŠ–“ ĞÀ ¦¡§˜Š“£Ž£Š–“š¡Š’Š¡“ („Ú ) ’Ž˜–Š—Úš’Ž˜Ž“šŒŽœ–¦šŠ‹“—“¡ဓ 1.I£¤“—²’Š¡“š“š’Сޖޣ“Ž£¡Žœ—¦Í§“À“š¬Õ …Ú تµĆ ²× –Ž—“˜Ž£“šŽထ 2. ǢÚ ǶÚ ¯Ø ¶Ú dÖĨÚ ¢Ö veǢÚ ǮÚ ºØ țÚ ȔØ ö¡›Ž–—Ž¡“šŽœ—¦Í§‘“‹“ထöšŒŽ£“šŽŽ£¡Ž‹¦—¦šŠš£Š–“š¤Š (3™.Ú Ø…ØVVŠVÚ )ÖeÖª¨Ž­ŠØ£…ŠšÚ –Ö “šdւ£ØdŠ͛ŠØ…šŠÚ (Öd‘¼ÚÚ ÖdØVV–)Ž—£“œ˜šŽ¡—ŠŽ¡‘“šŽ—ŽŽš¡¦Š¡’§Š—¡Ŋ¦šÍ§šŽŠ¦¡–§Š——Úš¦¨Íާ­šŠ“ŠšထŒŽœ–¦šŠ‹“—“¡န 70

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2. Ünite 'ƺŶƺŵƺnjĚĞ DƺƐůƺŵĂŶůĂƌŦŶ ĞůŝŶĚĞŬŝ DƵƐŚĂŇĂƌĚĂ ďƵůƵŶĂŶ ǀĂŬŦĨ ŝƔĂƌĞƚůĞƌŝŶĞ DƵŚĂŵŵĞĚ ďŝŶ dĂLJĨƵƌ ĞƐͲ^ĞĐąǀĞŶͲĚŠ͛ŶŝŶŝƐŵŝŶĞĂƞĞŶ͞ƐĞĐąǀĞŶĚůĞƌ͟ĚĞŶŝůŵĞŬƚĞĚŝƌ͘,ĞƌďŝƌŝŶŝŶďŝƌĂŶůĂŵŦŽůĂŶďƵǀĂŬŦĨŝƔĂƌĞƚůĞƌŝŶŝŬŦƐĂĐĂƚĂŶŦLJĂůŦŵ͗1 ¸ϭ͘>ąnjŦŵsĂŬŦĨ; Ϳ͗ƵƌŵĂŬŐĞƌĞŬŝƌ͘ƵƌƵůŵĂĚŦŒŦŶĚĂĂŶůĂŵďŽnjƵůĂďŝůŝƌ͘ ˜Ϯ͘DƵƚůĂŬsĂŬŦĨ; Ϳ͗ƵƌŵĂŬŝĕŝŶƔĂƌƚůĂƌƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘DĂŶĂLJƂŶƺŶĚĞŶďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĚĞŶďĂŒŦŵƐŦnj ŽůĂŶLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞďƵůƵŶƵƌ͘ tϯ͘ĂŝnjsĂŬŦĨ; Ϳ͗ƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌǀĞLJĂŐĞĕŝůĞďŝůŝƌ͘ƵƌŵĂŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ †ϰ͘DƺĐĞǀǀĞnjsĂŬŦĨ; Ϳ͗ƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌǀĞLJĂŐĞĕŝůĞďŝůŝƌ͘'ĞĕŵĞŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ ϱ͘DƵƌĂŚŚĂƐsĂŬŦĨ; Ϳ͗EĞĨĞƐLJĞƚŵĞnjƐĞĚƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌ͘'ĞĕŵĞŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ Ăϲ͘>ąsĂŬķ; Ϳ͗ŶůĂŵLJƂŶƺŶĚĞŶďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĞďĂŒůŦŽůĂŶLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞďƵůƵŶƵƌ͘ƵƌŵĂŬƵLJŐƵŶĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘ƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂĂŐĞƌŝĚĞŶďĂƔůĂŶĂƌĂŬĚĞǀĂŵĞĚŝůŝƌ͘ŒĞƌůĂ; ͿŝƔĂƌĞƟĂLJĞƚƐŽŶƵŶĚĂŝƐĞŐĞƌŝĚĞŶĂůŦƉĚĞǀĂŵĞƚŵĞLJĞŐĞƌĞŬLJŽŬƚƵƌ͘2 ©®ϳ͘<ŦĨ; Ϳ͗ƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌǀĞLJĂŐĞĕŝůĞďŝůŝƌ͘ƵƌŵĂŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ Ғϴ͘^ŦůŠ; Ϳ͗ƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌǀĞLJĂŐĞĕŝůĞďŝůŝƌ͘'ĞĕŵĞŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘  ϵ͘LJŶ; Ϳ͗LJĞƚƐŽŶůĂƌŦŶĚĂďƵůƵŶƵƌ͘ŝƌŬŽŶƵŶƵŶďŝƫŒŝŶŝǀĞLJĞŶŝďŝƌŬŽŶƵŶƵŶďĂƔůĂĚŦŒŦŶŦŝĨĂĚĞĞĚĞƌ͘EĂŵĂnjĚĂ ŽŬƵƌŬĞŶĂLJŶŝƔĂƌĞƟŶŝŶŽůĚƵŒƵLJĞƌĚĞƌƺŬƸĂŐŝƚŵĞŬĚĂŚĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ƔŦƌŽůĂƌĂŬƚĞƌĐŝŚĞĚŝůĞŶďƂůƺŵůĞƌĚĞĂLJŶĚƵƌĂŬůĂƌŦŶŦ ĚŝŬŬĂƚĞĂůŵĂŬŬŽŶƵďƺƚƺŶůƺŒƺĂĕŦƐŦŶĚĂŶƵLJŐƵŶŽůƵƌ͘ °ϭϬ͘<ĞĨ; Ϳ͗<ĞŶĚŝƐŝŶĚĞŶƂŶĐĞŬŝĚƵƌĂŬŝƔĂƌĞƟLJůĞĂLJŶŦŚƺŬŵƺƚĂƔŦƌ͘ ϭϭ͘DƵąŶĞŬĂsĂŬķ; ) ( Ϳ͗ŝƌďŝƌŝŶĞLJĂŬŦŶLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞŝŬŝĂLJƌŦLJĞƌĞŬŽŶƵůĂŶƺĕĞƌŶŽŬƚĂĚĂŶŝďĂƌĞƫƌ͘ƵŝƔĂƌĞƚůĞƌŝŶ ďƵůƵŶĚƵŒƵLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞŶLJĂůŶŦnjďŝƌŝŶĚĞĚƵƌƵůĂďŝůŝƌ͘ øEWLGD 7ďƟĚĂ ͞ďĂƔůĂŵĂŬ͕ ŝƔĞ ŐŝƌŝƔŵĞŬ͟ ĂŶůĂŵůĂƌŦŶĂ ŐĞůŝƌ͘ <Ƶƌ͛ĂŶ ŽŬƵŵĂLJĂ ďĂƔůĂŵĂLJĂ ǀĞLJĂ ǀĂŬŦĨ LJĂƉƨŬƚĂŶ ƐŽŶƌĂ ĚĞǀĂŵĞƚŵĞLJĞ ŝďƟĚĂ ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ 7ďƟĚĂ͕ ŚĂƌĞŬĞLJĞ ǀĞ ĂŶůĂŵĂ ƵLJŐƵŶ LJĞƌĚĞŶ LJĂƉŦůŦƌ͘ ŝƌ Ɣŝŝƌ ǀĞLJĂ Ěƺnj LJĂnjŦLJŦ ŶŽŬƚĂůĂŵĂ ŝƔĂƌĞƚůĞƌŝŶĞ ĚŝŬŬĂƚ ĞĚĞƌĞŬ ŽŬƵŵĂŬ Őŝďŝ͕ ǀĂŬŦĨ ǀĞ ŝďƟĚĂ ŬƵƌĂůůĂƌŦŶĂ ƵLJŵĂŬ ĚĂ<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶ͛Ŧ ŐƺnjĞů ŽŬƵŵĂLJŦ ƐĂŒůĂƌ͘ LJĞƚůĞƌŝ ĂŶůĂŵĂLJŦ ǀĞ ŵĂŶĂƐŦ ƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞ ĚƺƔƺŶŵĞLJŝ ŬŽůĂLJůĂƔƨƌŦƌ͘ WĞLJŐĂŵďĞƌŝŵŝnj͕<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶƟůĂǀĞƟŶĚĞǀĂŬŦĨǀĞŝďƟĚĂLJĂĚŝŬŬĂƚĞĚĞƌ͕ĂLJĞƚƐŽŶůĂƌŦŶĚĂĚƵƌĂĚƵƌĂŽŬƵƌĚƵ͘3ŽůĂLJŦƐŦLJůĂǀĂŬŦĨǀĞŝďƟĚĂŬƵƌĂůůĂƌŦŶĂƵLJĂƌĂŬ<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶŽŬƵŵĂŬWĞLJŐĂŵďĞƌŝŵŝnjŝŶǀĞƐĂŚĂďĞŶŝŶŽŬƵLJƵƔƚĂƌnjŦŶĂƵLJŐƵŶĚƵƌ͘ sĂŬŦĨǀĞŝďƟĚĂĚĂƚĞŵĞůƂůĕƺ͕ĂLJĞƟŶůĂķnjǀĞŵĂŶĂďĂŬŦŵŦŶĚĂŶƚĂŵĂŵůĂŶŵĂƐŦĚŦƌ͘LJĞƚƐŽŶůĂƌŦŶĂǀĞǀĂŬŦĨŝƔĂƌĞƚůĞƌŝŶĞ;ƐĞĐĂǀĞŶĚůĞƌĞͿĚŝŬŬĂƚĞĚŝůĞƌĞŬ<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶŽŬƵŶĚƵŒƵŶĚĂǀĂŬŦĨǀĞŝďƟĚĂŬƵƌĂůůĂƌŦŶĂƵLJƵůŵƵƔŽůƵƌ͘,ĞƌŚĂŶŐŝďŝƌƐĞďĞƉůĞǀĂŬŦĨŝƔĂƌĞƟŽůŵĂLJĂŶLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞĚƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŽŬƵŵĂLJĂĚĞǀĂŵĞƚŵĞŬŝĕŝŶŐĞƌŝĚĞŶďĂƔůĂŵĂŬŐĞƌĞŬŝƌ͘'ĞƌŝĚĞŶďĂƔůĂƌŬĞŶĂŶůĂŵǀĞůĂķnjďƺƚƺŶůƺŒƺŶƺďŽnjŵĂŵĂLJĂĚŝŬŬĂƚĞĚŝůŵĞůŝĚŝƌ͘21͘͘&ąďƟĚŚƵĂƌƌƐĂƵŚƌŵĞƐĂŝŶŶŝŶĞå ¹Ú ƟØÃÍÚŶÖ·͕¢Ö <mƵÖ ƌ»Ú ͛ĂÖ£¾ÚŶÖd½KÖ ÌŬƒà ƵĄ¶dŵ˜Ö Ăɫ…Ö ’ØƐĂŝƐĨĂůĂĚƌĞŦ͕ƐƐŝŶ͘ŝ2ŵ58ƺ͘ƐƚĂŬŝůĂLJĞƚŬĂďƵůĞĚĞŶůĞƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ƵƐĞďĞƉůĞ͕å ¹Ú ØÃÍÚ Ö·¢Ö ůĂĨnjŦŶĚĂĚƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŐĞƌŝĚĞŶďĂƔůĂŵĂLJĂŐĞƌĞŬLJŽŬƚƵƌ͘3͘ƵŚĂƌŠ͕&ĞĚĂŝůƺ͛ůͲ<Ƶƌ͛ĂŶ͕29͖ďƵĂǀƵĚ͕sŝƚƌ͕ϮϬ͘ 74

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