Health Science Flipbook

Health Science Flipbook Jade Huang 2B

Click on any link to go that slide! Home Nervous Digestive 1 9 21 Index - 2 Special Senses- Urinary 12 24 Integumentary - 3 Cardiovascular Reproductive 15 27 Musculoskeletal - 6 Respiratory End page 18 30

Integumentary The integumentary system protects the body against infection, extreme temperatures, and maintains your balance of fluids. 2 Occupations ~Cosmetologist - one who studies beauty treatment for the skin, hair, and nails ~ Dermatopathologist - one who diagnoses diseases of the skin, hair, and nails

Key Terms and Vocab ● derm/o, dermat/o - skin ● epidermis - uppermost ● melanin - pigment that ● kerat/o - horny/hard layer of skin; contains skin gives skin color ● xer/o - dry cells ● xanth/o - yellow ● keratin - fiber of hair, ● erythr/o - red ● dermis - middle layer; nails, skin ● pedicu/o - contains blood vessels, nerves; regulates ● sebaceous glands - fingernail/toenail temperature and sensory secrete oil to prevent ● onych/o - info skin from drying out fingernail/toenail ● hypodermis - bottom ● sebum - oil ● myc/o - fungus layer, contains fat to ● sweat glands - glands ● pil/o - hair insulate ● lip/o - fat that release sweat to ● rhytid/o - wrinkle ● accessory structures - hair, cool the body ● albin/o - white nails, exocrine glands, etc ● melanocyte - cells that produce melanin

Diseases/Disorders ● acne a. when hair follicles fill with oil/dead skin cells b. can be treated with creams, cleansers, and prescriptions ● rosacea a. condition that causes redness and fills face with red, pus filled bumps b. most common on middle age women c. can be treated with antibiotics ● albinism a. genetic disorder that causes the skin, hair, eyes to have little or no color b. Increases the risk of skin cancer ● impertigo a. skin infection that causes red sores on the face

Musculoskeletal The musculoskeletal system made up of the muscular and skeletal systems which together work to provide form, stability, and movement for the body. 2 Occupations ~ orthopedist - a physician who corrects bone structure and treat bone injuries ~ rheumatologist - a physician who diagnoses and treats musculoskeletal and systemic autoimmune conditions and diseases

Key Terms and Vocab ● my/o - muscle ● cartilage - smooth tissue ● skeletal muscle - muscle attached to skeleton that ● cost/o - rib that covers the long ends creates movement ● crani/o - skull of bones ● smooth muscle - involuntary muscle found in bladder, ● arthr/o - joint ● tendons - tissue that uterus, and respiratory tract ● chondr/o - cartilage attaches muscle to bone ● cardiac muscle - muscle in the heart ● -pexy - surgical ● joints - where bones ● voluntary muscle - muscles fixation meet that can be controlled consciously ● kinesi/o - movement; ● ligaments - tissue that ● involuntary muscle - motion connects bone to bone muscles controlled unconsciously ● myel/o - bone ● bone marrow - tissue marrow found within the bone ● oste/o - bone that produces blood cells ● -plegia - paralysis

Diseases/Disorders ● epicondylitis/tennis elbow a. irritation of tissue that connects the forearm muscle to the elbow b. Caused by repetitive wrist and arm motions c. Can be treated with physical therapy and rest ● DeQuervain's tenosynovitis a. painful condition that affects tendons in the wrist caused by swelling caused by repetition b. treated with physical therapy and medication ● Tendonitis a. inflammation of a tendon ● Sarcopenia a. loss of muscle mass and strength b. Most common in the elderly

Nervous The nervous system sends information all across the body using sensory information coordinated between the brain and a network of nerves. 2 Occupations ~ neurologist - a physician that manages and treats neurological conditions; also what I want to be :D ~ neurosurgeon - a surgeon that diagnoses and treats conditions of the nervous system

Key Terms and Vocab ● neur/o - nerve ● CNS (central Nervous ● Synapses - mediate info ● encephal/o - brain System) - consists of transfer between neurons ● myel/o - spinal cord brain and spinal cord ● ambul/o - to walk ● Myelin sheath - insulating ● -esthesia - sensation ● PNS (Peripheral Nervous sheath that surrounds ● mening/o - System) - consists of almost all nerve fibers nerves that extend from membranes CNS ● Grey matter - contains surrounding the neuronal cell bodies and brain and spinal cord ● Neuron - specialised cels dendrites ● psych/o - mind that conduct messages ● concuss/o - shaken in nerve impulses ● Neurotransmitters - what together neurons communicate with ● -pathy - disease, ● Axon - impulse ● -cele - - hernia generating region of the ● Endorphins - act as natural neuron pain killers ● Dendrites - short branching extensions that receive info

Diseases/Disorders ● Multiple sclerosis a. Autoimmune disease where immune system attacks myelin sheaths b. Symptoms include numbness or tremor ● Alzheimer’s disease a. Disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate b. Most common cause of dementia ● epilepsy a. Nerve cell activity is disturbed causing seizures b. Usually treated with medications or surgery but there is no cure ● Bell’s palsy a. Sudden weakness in the muscles of one half of the face b. Characterized by muscle weakness

Special Senses The special senses include vision, balance hearing, taste, smell, balance and touch. All 6 senses have dedicated body structures. 2 Occupations ~ Ophthalmologist - a medical doctor who specializes in vision and eye care ~ Otolaryngologist - physician who treats conditions of the nose, throat, ears, and other structures

Key Terms and Vocab ● irid/o - iris ● Middle ear - contains 3 ● Sclera - white outer coat of the ● -cusis - hearing bones which pick up eyeball ● -opia - vision vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear ● Taste receptors - receptors condition that detect the five types of ● ot/o - ear ● Inner ear - contains taste ● tympan/o - vestibule and fluid to control balance ● Olfactory epithelium - where tympanic membrane olfactory receptors are (eardrum) ● External ear - the part of located, found within the ● ophthalm/o - eye the ear that is seen superior nasal cavity ● -metry - process of measuring ● Cornea - transparent layer ● Olfactory bulb - recieves input ● blephar/o - eyelid of the front of the eye about odors detected by cells ● core/o - pupil in the nasal cavity ● ocul/o - eye ● Pupil = black centre of eye through which light enters ● Touch receptors - sensory neuron located in the skin that respond to stimulation

Diseases/Disorders ● microphthalmia a. Developmental disorder of the eye where one or more eyes have anatomical deformities b. Smaller cases may be treated with surgery ● Tinnitus a. Ringing or buzzing in the ears b. Often associated with hearing loss ● ageusia a. Loss of the ability to detect taste b. Also comes with a loss of smell ● Vestibular neuronitis a. Inflammation of the vestibular nerve b. Can be caused by a vrus c. Primarily causes vertigo

Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. This system transports nutrients through the blood. 2 Occupations ~ cardiologist - physician skilled in treating conditions of the heart ~ perfusionist - healthcare professional who operates the cardiopulmonary bypass machine during cardiac surgery

Key Terms and Vocab ● cardi/o - heart ● Aorta - largest artery in ● Endocardium - inner lining ● angi/o - blood the body of the heart vessel ● Capillary - smallest blood ● Valve - structure in veins and ● hem/o, hemat/o - vessels where gas heart that closes an opening exchange takes place so blood flows only one blood direction ● Brady- slow ● Deoxygenated blood - ● Tachy- fast blood that is oxygen poor ● Ventricle - one of two lower ● thromb/o - blood chambers of the heart ● Vein - vessel that carries clot blood from rest of the ● Atria - one of two upper ● -emia - blood body to the heart chambers of the heart ● leuk/o - white ● erythr/o - red ● Artery - largest blood ● Electrocardiogram - record ● arteri/o - artery vessel which carries of electricity flowing through blood away from the the heart represented in heart waves

Diseases/Disorders ● Atherosclerosis a. Build up of fats, cholesterol, etc in and on artery walls b. Can cause obstruction of blood flow ● Peripheral artery disease a. Condition where narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs b. Sign of fatty deposit and build up in arteries ● Heart attack a. Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle b. Tissue begins to lose oxygen and die ● Congestive heart failure a. Heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should b. Shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs

Respiratory The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and taking out carbon dioxide. It is made up of the airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration. 2 Occupations ~ thoracic surgeon - surgeon who specializes in conditions affecting the organs in the chest ~ pulmonary technician - conducts pulmonary function tests, provides respiratory related care to patients

Key Terms and Vocab ● bronch/o - ● Nasal cavity - cavity behind ● Lungs - two spongy organs bronchus nose and above roof of responsible for respiration mouth that filters air and ● cyan/o - blue removes contaminants ● Bronchioles - smaller tubular ● laryng/o - larynx from the lungs branches in lungs ● -oxia - oxygen ● Oxy- oxygen ● Larynx - voice box, ● Alveoli - tiny sacs of lung ● pleur/o - side, contains vocal cords and is tissue where gas exchange a passageway for air takes place lateral ● pneum/o - lung, ● Trachea - tube made of ● Mucus - protective secretion cartilage extending from of the mucous membranes breath the larynx to the bronchi ● pulmon/o - lungs ● Breathing - passing of air in ● thorac/o - chest ● Bronchi - passages and out of the lungs ● trache/o - trachea branching from trachea to lungs ● Respiration - metabolic processes by which organisms obtain energy

Diseases/Disorders ● asthma a. Airways narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus b. Leads to shortness of breath ● Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a. Chronic inflammatory lung disease b. Obstructed airflow from the lungs c. Difficulty breathing and wheezing ● Cystic fibrosis a. Genetic disease causing lung infection and limited ability to breath b. CTFR protein becomes dysfunctional causing mucus to clog airways and trap invaders ● Pleural effusion a. Build up of excess fluid between the layers of pleura outside the lungs

Digestive The digestive system is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food. It primarily consists of the GI tract and accessory organs. 2 Occupations ~ Endoscopist - person trained to use and endoscopy to look inside the body ~ Proctologist - a physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus

Key Terms and Vocab ● cholecyst/o - ● Stomach - major organ ● Liver - large organ that gallbladder where breaking down of produces bile and controls food occurs hormones ● enter/o - small intestine ● Esophagus - a muscular ● Pancreas - produces tube that connects digestive enzymes and ● col/o, colon/o - mouth to stomach secretes insulin colon, large intestine ● Small intestine - long ● Bile - substance that breaks hollow tube where most up fat particles ● hepat/o - liver absorption of nutrients ● gastr/o - stomach occur ● Villi - fingerlike rojections on ● or/o - mouth, oral inner surface of small ● Large intestine - absorbs intestine that increase cavity water and feces surace area ● -pepsia - digestion ● chol/e - bile, gall ● Teeth - masticate food ● Saliva - secreted by glands ● proct/o - anus, for easy swallowing and provide lubrication rectum

Diseases/Disorders ● Gastric ulcers a. Protective mucous membrane of stomach breaks down and lesions form b. Can use medicine to decrease acid production ● Crohn’s Disease a. Inflammation of lining of digestive tract b. Leads to abdominal pain, diarrhea, + malnutrition ● appendicitis a. inflammation of appendix and bacteria fills it spreading infection and bleeding ● hemorrhoids a. Swollen and inflamed veins in anus and lower rectum b. Caused by strain and can be treated with high fiber

Urinary The urinary system produces, stores, balances and eliminates fluid waste from the kidneys. 2 Occupations ~ transplant surgeon - surgeon who specializes in transplantation in body organs ~ nephrologist - doctor specializing in deiseases and conditions which affect the kidneys

Key Terms and Vocab ● -cele - hernia ● Kidney - one of two bean ● Renal artery = blood vessel ● -lysis - loosening, shaped organs that filters that carries blood to the nitrogenous waste from kidney destruction the bloodstream to form ● cyst/o - bladder urine ● Renal pelvis - central ● nephr/o - kidney, collection region in the kidney ● Calyx - cup like collecting nephron region of the renal pelvis ● Renal tubules - microscopic ● ren/o - kidney tubes where urine is formed ● -uria - urine ● Glomerulus - tiny balls of after filtration ● -pexy - surgical capillaries in the kidney ● Urea - major nitrogenous fixation ● Nephron - the glomerulus waste excreted in urine ● -ectasis - dilation, and renal tubule where filtrations, reabsorption, ● Ureter - a tube leading from expansion and secretion take place kidneys to urinary bladder ● pyel/o - renal ● Urethra - tube leading from pelvis urinary bladder ot he outside of the body

Diseases/Disorders ● Kidney stones a. Hard deposits of minerals and salts that stick together in concentrated urine b. Treatment includes pain relievers and water ● Urinary incontinence a. Loss of bladder control b. Varies from slight loss to complete inability ● Urinary tract infection (UTI) (cystitis) a. Causes pelvic pain, increased urge to urinate, etc b. Can be treated with antibiotics ● Pelvic prolapse a. Muscles and tissues supporting pelvic organs become weak or loose b. Can lead to dropping or pressing into the vagina

Reproductive Female reproductive system The reproductive system is a system of organs which work together for the ←- purpose of reproduction. Unlike the other systems, the reproductive systems for Male reproductive males and females are different. system 2 Occupations ---> ~ gynecologist - doctors who specializes in the health of female reproductive organs ~ andrologist - a doctor who specializes mainly in disorders of the male reproductive system

Key Terms and Vocab ● cervic/o - neck, ● Scrotum - a pouch of skin ● Fallopian tube - tube that cervix that hangs outside the connects the ovary to the body ousters, pathway of the egg ● salpingo - fallopian tube ● Sperm - male sex cell ● Estrogen - female sex ● Testes - produces sperm hormone ● ov/o - egg, ovum ● orchid/o - testes, and testosterone ● Fertilization - process in ● Penis - male sex organ and sexual reproduction in which testicle male and female ● oophor/o - ovary urina reproductive cells join to ● men/o - ● Ovary - produces the egg create a new cell menstruation and is the gland that ● Prosate gland - secretes the ● mamm/o - breast produces estrogen and fluid part of semen into the ● gynec/o - woman progesterone urethra during ejaculation ● colp/o - vagina ● prostat/o - prostate ● Fetus - the developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth

Diseases/Disorders ● endometriosis a. Tissue that normally lines uterus grows outside b. Treatments include hormones or surgery ● fibroids a. Noncancerous growth in the uterus b. Symptoms include prolonged periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, and pelvic pain ● HIV/AIDS a. STD that interferes with the body’s ability to fight disease b. Transmitted through infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluid ● Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a. Hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts

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