Sanrachna

SANRACHNA The Structure CIVIL ENGINEERING MARCH 2020



GREETINGS Dear reader, We’re proud, again, to present to you a collection of writings penned down by some extremely bright intellectuals of our college. Team CESA, with it’s annual magazine ‘Sanrachna’, builds opportunities for dozens of individuals to openly and eloquently express their thoughts and views about the world. With our 4th edition, we’ve tried our best to make it as meaningful and informative as possible, just so that you enjoy your journey through every page!

IN THIS ISSUE 01. 14. 17. About CESA, ASCE Indian Infrastructure Skyscraper an Solutions and Technocrats scenario to Wind Loading 03. 15. 19. Our Faculty Road Connectivity in Submerged Floating Mentors India Tunnel ( SFT ) 05. 16. We are the Team Career in Infrastrucutre 09. News Highlights

20. 24. 29. Taj Mahal From Science to Creativity is a Process , Humanity not an Event 21. 25. 30. What If ? Six Ways to Travel Your Education doesn't Sustainably End with a degree, or.... 27. 31. Powers Our Faculty 32. Message from Former HOD

ABOUT CESA Built on a foundation of innovation and perseverance, the Civil Engineering Students Association (CESA MPSTME) is an international students chapter of the American Society of civil engineering (ASCE). This board was established under the encouragement and leadership of Dr. Manoj Anokar as a founding faculty and then Dean and current Pro Vice Chancellor Dr. Sharad Y Mhaiskar in 2013 by compliance with ASCE Bye-laws for the international student chapter. This committee’s aim is to provide the students of Civil engineering an experience in which they can associate with professionals from different domains and explore live industry projects. The team of 2020-21 started their series of events with a Webinar on ABC of Construction: Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins + BIM + Computer Vision In Railway Projects where Dr. Mani Golparvar elaborated on how modelling is essentially a simplification of real world problems and an integral part of all geotechnical engineering analysis and design processes. On October 15, 2020 the committee conducted Karl Terzaghi Memorial Lecture on Modelling in Geotechnical Engineering with keynote Speaker Dr. Purnanand P. Savoikar. Our most awaited Flagship event Horizon, was a stimulation of 5 domains- Water resources, Transportation, Geo- Technical, Environmental, and Structures where the team witnessed a diverse group of participants as students from all across the country took part in the event. CESA, as a family, believes in overcoming any challenge together, constructively and within a productive work environment. In this year’s ‘INGENIERO’ we had technical events like 2024: Colonize mars, Miniature Chalet 2.0, Route master, Quriosity and Water for Us. Also some Fun events for the participants that were IPL Auction, GPS this and Youth,s Assembly. TEAM TECHNOCRATS After investing a substantial amount of brain juice, the Team eventually finalized a mixed design report of the The Team Technocrats of MPSTME is a core part of ASCE’s cubes. They reckoned the 3-day strength by testing the student chapter. They enthusiastically participate in ASCE cubes on a Compression Testing Machine. After Conferences every year and have been regularly undergoing about 6 to 7 iterations, they were competing in the India Region Concrete Canoe successfully able to match the theoretical value of the Competition since 2016. A bunch of ambitious Engineers design with the real one! Furthermore, after exhaustive they surely are! Every member of the Team has a clear research and a lot of calculations, they prepared the vision in mind which shows in their undaunting attitude final report for the construction of the Canoe, which toward doing something out of the box. As dynamic as interlocked sound engineering principles with a lot of they are, all of them have been carefully selected after an hard work done smartly! intensive round of interview held by the Faculty incharge The main conference was to be held on March 19, 2021. for the current term. Every member is not only outgoing The Team was all geared up for D-day when they would in terms of their technical knowledge and skills but also get to present their research papers and the exhaustive has a deeper desire to compete in ASCE Conferences with study of their canoe model. innovative ideas and a winner-oriented mindset. SANRACHNA | 01

ASCE The American Society of Civil Engineers represents more than 150,000 members of the civil engineering profession in 177 countries. Founded in 1852, ASCE is one of the oldest engineering societies. Through the expertise of its active membership, ASCE is a leading provider of technical and professional conferences and continuing education, the world's largest publishers of civil engineering content. The Society advances civil engineering's technical specialties through 9 dynamic Institutes and leads with its many professional and public focused programs. We work with ASCE India Section Western Region President Mr. Ravindrra Ringshia and under his mentorship we conduct various events to engage national and international students and professionals through our competitions and webinars. In 2020, we have held such webinars in the online mode and have enjoyed healthy participation and engagement from individuals in various sectors. Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, Mumbai was selected as the second host for ASCE India Region Student Conference – 2019 which was the first successful Conference of India Region under the mentorship of Faculty Convener Deoyani Joshi. The finalist of Concrete Canoe Competition Participated in the National Concrete Canoe Competition held in June 2019, at Florida USA.Events held by ASCE over the years:2018: Traffineer, Jenga, Freshmore, Constrologer, Concrete Canoe, Quiz bowl, Environmental, Mead Paper. 2017: Environmental model, freshmore challenge, steel bridge competition, canoe display, Mead paper presentation, quiz bowl. 2016: Hydraulic arm, environmental engineering, T-shirt making with the team of sustainability and equality, canoe display with the theme of sustainability, sustainability video. After an incredibly great amount of research and DEOYANI JOSHI brainstorming, the Team was all pepped up for another FECULTY MENTOR year of hustle and competition but for the CoronaVirus! Nonetheless, that didn’t extinguish their flames of passion to leave a mark in the sands of time. Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, hosted the conference online. The current team of 19 members, thus, has been working vigorously to carve another niche. Since it's an entirely virtual conference, they were asked to make a mixed design of cubes measuring 7x7x7 cm. The Team was supposed to then use the same cubes for the hypothetical design of a Canoe. They named it ‘Aparanta’, that refers geographically to the Northern part of the Konkan region on the western coast of India. SANRACHNA | 02

OUR FACULTY MENTORS Ethics is knowing the difference DR. MEENAL MATEGAONKAR between what you have a right to Head of Department - Civil Engineering do and what is right to do. Dear All, Not only as a Civil Engineer but also as a human being we need to understand the importance of ethics in our life. Working hard for the noble cause of humanity, saving the mother earth, making the earth planet a better place and actually building a nation. This is the definition of a Civil Engineer. We need to understand the importance of detailing, structuring and implementing. Therefore Civil Engineering as a blend of art, science and technology. “Sanrachna” covers all these aspects and encourages students to see all the aspects of life and express well. I congratulate the Team CESA for conducting various technical events for updating and upgrading ourselves. All the best Team! “Scientists dream about doing great things. Engineers do them” - Dr. Meenal Mategaonkar SANRACHNA | 03

Dr. Jigisha Vashi Co-Faculty Mentor As the faculty mentor for CESA, I would like to grab on this opportunity to extend my wholehearted support and esteem for Team CESA of MPSTME. Having acknowledged their tireless striving in uplifting CESA to greater levels of success, I am proud to witness the 3rd edition of our annual magazine- Sanrachna! This special edition is unlike the previous one's. With overwhelming enthusiasm, our budding-engineers have stretched their imagination far and beyond the technical world. All topics covered here explore a different dimension to our rapidly growing world of ups and downs. From the wonders of the construction world to the marvels of the human mind, to upcoming mega-projects; we've covered everything! Therefore, I urge you, my dear reader, to cherish every flavour of this special edition while your feedback will always be valued for the future versions of our magazine. Dr. Sahajanand Kamat Faculty Mentor \"Anything is possible when you have the right people there to support you. Keep the friends who heard you when you never said a word\" It has been 6 years since ASCE CESA has been established in MPSTME NMIMS. Each year we have hosted many inter and intra collegiate events to give the best of knowledge to our dear students. I feel honored to be a faculty mentor for this prestigious student chapter. All of us here have this same affection for the print media, the value of good writing, the matching of art and text, typography, heart, wisdom and thought laid out onto the pages of a magazine. This special edition of the magazine will give you all of that. The right depth of intellectual engagement has been achieved for you to enjoy through the articles written by faculty and students. Thus I encourage all the readers to have the best of this special edition and contribute your invaluable inputs for taking ASCE CESA to new heights. SANRACHNA | 04

WE ARE TTEHAEM

PRESIDENT AISHWARYA DAS As we jump start the new-term of our journey, we can't help but notice the strong personality which resides in our President. Despite her charisma, she is caring and compassionate, admirably disciplined when it comes to handling responsibilities, and last but not the least- adherent to what she speaks. A concrete example of dignified leadership! HARSH PANCHAL VICE-PRESIDENT Proactive? Influencing? Selfless? Sophisticated? You'll find all these qualities in one man who is known as our beloved Vice-president! He makes sure that no one remains unattended, thus depicting his hearty generosity. If we talk about his skills, he is at par with the latest trends in industry; not to mention his excellent team- building capacity and his optimistic energy. Surely, his magnetic personality will attract your reverence! DEEPAKSHI PALIWAL GENERAL SECRETARY Her smile is always guided by a caring and an understanding temperament. Not only is she calm and confident, but also her words reinvigorate energy and cooperation amongst us all. The perfect emblem of ambition iced with a tinge of wittiness, she is! UTSAV VORA TREASURER As his name suggests, Utsav makes sure that everything remains emblazoned; smooth- running and excellent. While being particular about the tiniest details, our Treasurer will always have an enthusiastic approach to all matters, big and small! Merged with admirable sincerity, his humour portrays a deadly combination. SANRACHNA | 06

HEADS DIVY AGARWAL AISHWARYA SAWANT KOUSHIN ROY HAAZIQ QURESHI KARTIKAY KHANDELWAL AJAY DOSHI SAURABH AMRUTKAR PREET JASOLIYA JANMAYA PARULEKAR SHADAAN KHATIB DHURVIT PAREKH SUB-HEADS RITVIK BEOHAR BHAKTI BHATARIA SAHIL SHAIKH KUSHAGRA VERMA ATHARVA ARVIKAR DHIR DHAMI SATYAM JHA JANHVI SHAH KHUSHI JAIN EXECUTIVES RITESH KADAM SURAJ NAIR SARVESH BAGAD

HEADS BHAVDEEP SINGH AMAN MATHUR AKSHATA KHANDE AMEY SAWANT KSHITIJ RANE OSHI SHARMA YASH JAISWAL SANYAM KOTHARI ASHRUT JAIN SHASHANK JAIN MIHIR GADA ARYAN GANDHI SOUMYA DESHPANDE DARSHAN NAGDA SUKETU THANAWALA ANIMISH JAIN MRIGANK AGRAWAL MOHIT SOMANI KUSHAL SHAH ABHINAV AGRAWAL JIGNESH DHANAWADA TANAY MUNOT JEET BHANUSHALI GAUTAM BIRADAR ADITYA SAWANT HARSHIL PAREKH VANDIT SONANI

NOVEMBER NEWS HIGHLIGHT THEROPWADDIIMNPVRITOEVSEMBIEDNSTF. OR AUWSAA-RYDESAWR IINNNIENRFSRAASNTNROUUCNTCUERDE 202 The Public Works Department, Tamil Bentley Systems, Incorporated, the infrastructure engineering software company, has announced the winners of the Year in Nadu, has invited bids for area- Infrastructure 2020 Awards. The annual awards program honors the extraordinary work of Bentley users advancing the design, based comprehensive road construction, and operation of infrastructures throughout the world. improvements, strengthening and Sixteen independent jury panels selected the 57 finalists from over 400 nominations submitted by more than 330 organizations maintenance in state highways and from more than 60 countries. Bentley Systems acknowledges 19 years in infrastructure 2020 major district roads for a length of Awards winners and 24 special recognition awardees on October 21 during the Year in Infrastructure 2020 conference, held 208.334 km in Thanjavur and virtually for the first time. Orathanadu sub-divisions of AAUNSNTORUANLCIEAD- TO BO$O5S.T4BINNFRASTRIUNCVTEUSRTEM. ENT Thanjavur (H) C&M Division. The Australian government has announced a $7.5bn ($5.4bn) investment to boost the transportation infrastructure across the This includes initial rectification nation. The investment builds on a series of total infrastructure funds such as improvements and widening over A$11.3bn($8.1bn) Secured from the Commonwealth in response to the Covid-19 from intermediate lane to double pandemic. The latest Investment is expected to improve the national lane/multi-lane, double lane to economy, deliver safer roads and create thousands of jobs as a part of the Covid-19 economic recovery plan of the Federal multi-lane/four-lane/four lane to six- Coalition. Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said: “Federal Budget lane, improvements including would deliver funding fro infrastructure which supports the Government’s JobMaker plan and helps the nation to recover construction of major bridges, from Covid-19 widening of minor bridges and slab ADANI GROUP TO TAKE OVER THREE AIRPORTS. culverts, construction of pre-cast The Adani Group will take over operation and management of three airports by 7 November 2020. The company had won the box culverts and pipe culverts, RCC concession to operate, manage and develop the Mangaluru, Ahmedabad and Lucknow airports. and PCC storm water drain, retaining The Group has taken over the Mangaluru airport Lucknow airport and Ahmedabad airport. wall, crash barrier type RCC centre The Ministry of Civil Aviation had signed three Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs), with Adani Ahmedabad International medians, road safety measures to all Airport, Adani Lucknow International Airport and Adani Mangalore International Airport on 21 October 2020, in the roads, plantation of avenue connection with the provision of services such as customs, immigration, plant and animal quarantine, health, MET and trees, including upkeeping for a security. period of 60 months in Tamil Nadu. SANRACHNA | 09 The estimated cost of the project is WRs 6O5TR5U.L6NDcN'rSoErLLe.OINNAGUEGSUTRHAITGEHDW. AY Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Atal Tunnel at Rohtang in Himachal Pradesh. The 9.02km long tunnel passes through the Rohtang pass and is the longest highway tunnel in the world, connecting Manali to Lahaul-Spiti valley throughout the year. Earlier, the valley was cut off for about six months each year owing to heavy snowfall. The tunnel reduces the road distance by 46 kilometres between Manali and Leh and the time by about four to five hours. The tunnel built with ultra - modern specifications, is located in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayas at an altitude of 3,000 metres (10,000 feet) from the Mean Sea Level (MSL). The South Portal (SP) of Atal Tunnel is located at a distance of 25 km from Manali at an altitude of 3,060 metres, while the North Portal (NP) the tunnel is located near village Teling, Sissu, in Lahaul Valley at an altitude of 3,071 metres.

DECEMBER NEC INDCIIATYAWPRAORJDEECDTSMART DOOSAN TO BUILD HYDROPOWER PLANT NEC corporation India (NEC India), a wholly owned subsidiary of NEC Nepal: Doosan heavy industries & construction has signed a Corporation , has announced that it KRW 400bn (353m) contract with Nepal Water and Energy has been selected by Saharanpur Development Company(NWEDC) for the construction of a Smart City Limited (SSCL ) as the hydropower plant in Nepal .The scope of the work will include master system integrator for the construction of 216 MW upper Trishuli-1 Hydroelectric power plant located near Trishuli River , 70 Km north of implementation of the Integrated Kathmandu Under the contract , the south Korean firm will be command and Control Centre and responsible for the manufacturing and supply of the main smart components in saharanpur components, such as the turbine and power generator along City , Uttar Pradesh . The project is with the construction of the hydropower power plant. expected to be completed by Construction on the project will last for about five years. September 2021, with NEC India also contracted to manage the operation RCURORARLE HOUSING TO BE BUILT AT RS 4,000 and maintenance of the systems for a period of five years . The scope of Maharashtra chief minister Uddhav Thackeray has launched his the project comprises design, supply government’s ‘Maha Awaas Yojana’ under which, 8,82,135 homes , installation , commissioning , will be built in rural areas of the state , and assured there would testing and operations and be no shortage of funds for the ambitious plan that is expected management of pan city smart to cost Rs 4,000 crore.According to an official statement , the solutions . This also includes the mission will be implemented over a 100 day period till February setting up of an Integrated 28 next year.The scheme was launched here during a workshop, Command and control centre which was also attended by Rural Development Minister Hasan integrated Traffic Management Mushrif and senior officials.“All should ensure pucca and strong System , Environmental Sensors , E- Homes are built under the Initiative. The houses should be so Governance Kiosks , City GIS Ideal and beautiful that people from other states should come platforms, and more at locations to see them “ he said.Mushrif said the construction of Homes designated by the Saharanpur would cost Rs 4,000 Crore and not a single family in rural areas Municipal Corporation (SMC). will be without Homes. EQLU&ITPMTOENSTUPTOPLTYAMTAINSITNEGEL LTAENUDNECRHEFDORHILGOHWWEARYTSHAMES CROSSING TUNNEL The construction and mining United Kingdom: England has launched its £ 2bn Tunnelling equipment business of Larsen and contract for the Lower Thames crossing in Britain.The Firms Toubro (L&T) has secured one of it’s are being invited to express their interest to construct.The 4.2 biggest orders ever to supply 46 Km long road tunnel would include 23 Km of the new road that units of Komatsu mining equipment will link the M2/A2, A13 and M25.Claimed to be the longest from TATA Steel. The order road tunnels in the UK , the tunnel will include two 4 Km comprises of 41 units of Komatsu tunnels, one for southbound Traffic, and the other for HD785-7(100tonne dump truck ) , Northbound traffic crossing beneath the river .With a three units of KOmatsu WA900- southern entrance located to the east of the village of Chalk , 3EO(nine cum wheel loader and two the road tunnel will pass below the River Thames and its units of Komatsu D275A-5R ( 410 HP northern entrance to the west of East Tilbury.The Tunnel crawler dozer ).The Scope includes crossing will include the construction of nearly 50 new Bridges supply of equipment and full and viaducts . maintenance contract for 60000 hours of equipment operation.Of the 46 units, 26 will be deployed at TATA steel’s iron ore mines at joda, Noamundi and Khondbond in Odisha, while 20 units of Komatsu 100 tonne dump trucks will be deployed at Tata steel’s Bokaro coal mines in Jharkhand . SANRACHNA | 10

LNIDHASRRSCUL RAVDEOYPTTESCAHENRIIQAULE JANUARY The National Speed Rail Corporation AECOM TO DESIGN $1.9 BILLION ROAD PROJECT (NHSRCL) will be adopting light Australia: AECOM has been awarded a contract to provide the civil engineering design for Sydney’s A$2.6billion Gateway detection and ranging (LiDAR) survey road project in Australia. The project will include the construction of a new 5km, above ground, toll free connection technique using laser-enabled from St.Peter's interchange, to Sydney Airport, Port Botany and beyond. Upon completion, the project will provide a high equipment mounted on a helicopter capacity connection from Sydney Airport and Port Botany to the new West Connex St. Peter's Interchange. The construction for conducting ground survey for of the new road will complete the missing link in Sydney motorway network and improve traffic flow around the airport preparation of detailed project and towards NSW's busiest container airport. report (DPR) for the proposed Delhi- ABYCQEUNIDSI2T0IO2N0 FOR GANGA EXPRESSWAY Varanasi High speed Rail The land acquisition for the Ganga expressway project in Uttar Pradesh will commence in December 2020.Chief Executive corridor.Based on the findings of the officer (CEO) of the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) Mr. Awanish Awasthi survey , designing of the vertical and inaugurated a three day training programme for district officials .The training programme is being organized for officials of 12 horizontal alignment , structures, districts from Meerut to Prayagraj through which the proposed Ganga e-way is to pass.The CEO asked the officials to complete location of the stations and depots, land acquisition as soon as possible. The project will be inaugurated in June 2021.Around 6000 Ha land , totalling Rs land requirement for the corridor, 9000 crore , is to be acquired for the Ganga E-way. identification of project affected GCORANNTRITAECT WINS $101 MILLION HIGHWAY plots/structures , Right of way etc USA: US-based Granite Construction has won a $101 Million contract for the construction of segment 4C (Summerland) of were decided.The Aerial LiDAR the Highway 101 Santa Barbara to Carpinteria project in Southern California. The contract has been awarded by the survey technique , for the first time California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Under the contract, Granite will serve as the construction Manager/ for any railway project in India , was general contractor for the project. It is the second contract that has been awarded to Granite of the five segment $410 million adopted for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad CM/CG project. Construction of the project is underway and is expected to be completed by August 2023. high speed Rail Corridor primarily SANRACHNA | 11 because of its high accuracy.NHSRCL has been entrusted with the work for preparing DPR for the project by the Ministry of Railways.The tentative length of the corridor is about 800 km the alignment and stations will be decided in consultation with the government . S T OPNME LOAFYBNSUEIFLWODUIPNNAGDRAL TI AI OMNE N T Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the New Parliament building in Delhi on 10 December 2020. He also performed the ground breaking ceremony for the building, which is expected to be completed by 2022.The new Building will have an Area of 64,500 sq.m . It will also have a grand constitution hall to showcase India’s democratic Heritage , alounge for Members of parliament , a library ,multiple Committee rooms, Dining areas and ample Parking space.In September 2020 Tata Projects secured the contract to construct the new Parliament Building . The new building will be made close to the existing one under the Central Vista redevelopment project. The existing Parliament House building will be suitably retrofitted to provide more functional spaces for parliamentary events, to ensure it’s usage along with the new building.

FEBRUARY COKMEPRLAELTAHEGSOOU2VS.5EERSLNAMKHENNTEW SCHOANPTORAOCRTJSI PALLONJI, SIEMENS WIN $510 MILLION The Government in Kerala has Saudi Arabia: national community developer ROSHN has signed announced completion of 2,50,547 contracts worth SAR 1.9 Billion ($510M) with Shapoorji Pallonji Mideast and Siemens to support the first phase development of new houses under the LIFE mission, its Riyadh community development project. The partnership with Shapoorji Pallonji Mideast is for the construction of 3,000 homes it's flagship housing project that along with associated utilities, roads and landscaping for the first phase development. The community which will include envisages total housing for all the 30,000 contemporary homes, is close to the city's main attractions, key highways and transportation links. The Riyadh homeless in the state. The project is close to ROSHN's mandate to contribute to the growing demand for accessible homes throughout Saudi Arabia. Government has also plans to CENTRE GIVES NOD FOR NH PROJECTS construct additional 1.5 Lac new The Centre, under the Annual Plan, has given clearance for houses in 2021 and is marching new national highway projects worth Rs. 5,801 crore for Maharashtra. The plan for national highways in Maharashtra towards the goal of Zero homeless in was approved for 2,727 Crore, but it has been enhanced to 5,801 Crore which will improve and develop 1,305 KM national Kerala.The Government is paying highways in the state. The state government will fast-track national highway projects which are being built on the attention to the third phase of this principle of build, use and transfer. ambitious initiative, and land has PPHASILSIPRPOINADES- DPWH INAUGURATES 7.17 KM BY- been identified for the construction The philippines’ Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) has announced the opening of the Urdaneta by-pass of 85 complexes at this time. Of this, road in Pangasinan, Philippines. The new 7.17 km by-pass road crosses two major road the construction of 5 building intersections of Urdaneta-Dagupan Road and Urdaneta-Magaoag Road. complexes will be completed within The PHP 1.885bn ($39.19m) projects include the construction of six new lanes of portland concrete cement pavement along with two months.Brixton Group to set up sidewalks, drainage, and slope protection, as well as the installation of solar streetlights. a smart city in Kochi.The Dubai- It also involves the construction of four permanent bridges along the bypass road to reduce travel time between Villasis based Brixton Group has proposed to town proper to Binalonan. The four bridges include the 90.90 meters Macalong Bridge, set up India's first industrial smart 70.80 meters Mitura Bridge 1, 36.76 meters Mitura Bridge 2, and 60.90 meters Camantiles Bridge. city in Kochi, Kerala at an investment of 1,200 Crore. The company expects to complete the project by 2023 and it will consist of 5 main sectors and 14 business divisions on 30 Acres. The Industrial Smart City will be one of its kind where construction, engineering and home decor businesses will meet the best-in- class business functionalities, entertainment, infotainment through technology and create an integrated smart ecosystem never seen in the country. The project, which will be coming up at Kalamassery, will generate over 3 Lac direct and indirect job opportunities across the country. SANRACHNA | 12

THERE CAN BE LITTLE DOUBT THAT IN MANY WAYS THE STORY OF BRIDGE BUILDING IS THE STORY OF CIVILISATION. BY IT WE CAN READILY MEASURE AN IMPORTANT PART OF A PEOPLE’S PROGRESS. Franklin D Roosevelt 1931

AVADHUT KSHIRSAGAR T he development of a country’s infrastructure is vital to the gro- Indian ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR wth of its sectors and the overall economy. The infrastructure Infrastructure sector is a key driver for the Indian economy. The increased spending in this sector has a multiplier effect on Scenario overall economic growth as it necessitates industrial growth and manufacturing. This in turn boosts aggregate demand by improving announced that the NIP consists of 78% projects by the living conditions. centre and states, and the remaining by the private sector.[2] The NIP is a pillar of government of India's The infrastructure sector primarily comprises electricity, roads, aim to become a $5 trillion economy by 2025. telecommunications, railways, irrigation, water supply and Allocation of funds to various sub sectors of sanitation, ports and airports, storing facilities, and oil and gas infrastructure is shown below. pipelines. India was ranked 44th out of 167 countries in World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2018. India is ranked second in the 2019 Agility Emerging Markets Logistics Index. Market Size Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in the Construction Development sector (townships, housing, built up infrastructure and construction development projects) from April 2000 to December 2019 stood at US$ 25.37 billion, according to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). The logistics sector in India is growing at a CAGR of 10.5 per cent annually and is expected to reach US$ 215 billion in 2020. Government Initiatives Road Ahead The Government of India is expected to invest highly in the India’s national highway network is expected to cover infrastructure sector, mainly highways, renewable energy and 50,000 kilometres by 2019. National highway urban transport. The Government of India is taking every possible construction in India has increased by 20 per cent initiative to boost the infrastructure sector. Announcements in year-on-year in 2017-18. Union Budget 2019-20: The government has suggested the investment of Rs 5,000,000 crore (US$ 750 billion) for railways India plans to spend US$ 1.4 trillion on infrastructure in the next infrastructure between 2018-2030. five years. India and Japan have joined hands for infrastructure NHAI will be able to generate revenue of Rs one lakh crore (US$ development in India's north-eastern states and are 14.31 billion) from toll and wayside amenities over the next five also setting up an India-Japan Coordination Forum for years. Development of North East to undertake strategic In the Union Budget 2020-21, the Government of India has infrastructure projects in the northeast. given a massive push to the infrastructure sector by allocating Smart Cities Development Rs 1,69,637 crore (US$ 24.27 billion) for the transport Apart from the above, the Government has also infrastructure. established Smart Cities Mission of India to look after As per Union Budget 2020-2021, Metro rail network has the development of 100 smart cities across all the touched 657 KM and Ministry of Railways have been allocated states of India. This ambitious program is supposed to Rs 72,216 crore (US$ 10.33 billion). have a planned spend of Rs. 20.5 lakh crore by year Communication sector allocated Rs 38,637.46 crore (US$ 5.36 2023. billion) to development of post and telecommunications Real Estate Sector departments. Real estate which is primarily a private sector industry The Indian Railways received allocation under Union Budget is expected to touch US$ 180 billion or Rs. 200 lakh 2020-21 at Rs 72,216 crore (US$ 10.33 billion). crore by year 2023. Rs 3,899.9 crore (US$ 540.53 billion) to increase capacity of Who Will Build? Green Energy Corridor Project along with wind and solar power There is involvement of civil engineering expertise in projects. each of these areas not only from the site Allocation of Rs 8,350.00 crore (US$ 1.16 billion) to boost management point of view but also in planning, telecom infrastructure. designing, and even financing aspects of business. Water supply to be provided to all households in 500 cities. With the exponential growth in infrastructure and real Allocation of Rs 888.00 crore (US$ 110.88 million) for the estate activities, the requirement for civil engineers in upgradation of state government medical colleges (PG seats) at construction sector is also expected to grow the district hospitals and Rs 1,361.00 crore (US$ 188.63 million) exponentially, not only as employees but also as for government medical colleges (UG seats) and government employers such as contractors and concessionaires. If health institutions. this demand for civil engineers is not met then ‘who will build?’ is the question that will have to ask National Infrastructure Pipeline ourselves. The National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) is a group of social and economic infrastructure projects in India over a period of five years with a sanctioned amount of ₹103 lakh crore (US$1.4 trillion). The pipeline was first made public by the Prime Minister of India during his 2019 Independence Day speech. The Finance Minister SANRACHNA | 14

HARSH PANCHAL R oads being the primary mode of transport across the globe Road B.TECH CIVIL 3RD YEAR welds one region from another. It assists to divide the land - Connectivity in mass into various patterns to provide the best suitable path between destinations. The network is classified on the basis of India speed and accessibility. These classifications combine to form a pattern for example Expressways, Arterial streets, Sub-Arterial streets, Collector’s streets, Local streets. A country can try to accelerate growth by spending more on building its infrastructure, which in turn increases demand for capital goods, employment, per capita income - which in turn puts more money in the economy. Just like well-developed infrastructure can bring prosperity to a region, for example, in China. On the other hand, an absence of adequate infrastructure can push any region towards poverty like in Sudan. The importance of a good road network is evident from the Another important road project is the 7,142-kilometre disparity between the developed nations and the third world (4,438 mi) four-to-six-lane North-South and East-west countries. The USA boasts the world’s largest road network 6.58 Corridor, comprising national highways connecting million kilometres in total length, 4.3 million kilometres of paved four extreme points of the country. The project aims to roads including 76,334 kilometres of expressways and 2.28 million connect Srinagar in the north to Kanyakumari in the kilometres of unpaved roads followed by China, world's second south, and Silchar in the east to Porbandar in the west. biggest road network exceeding 4.24 million kilometres. National As of 31 October 2016, 90.99% of the project had been highways and provisional highways comprise 4% and 7% of Chinese completed, 5.47% of the project work is under road network. The country’s expressway network, which extends implementation and 3.52% of the total length is over 96,000 kilometres is the world's biggest network of this type. remaining. India’s road network, which spanned over 4.1 million kilometres by 2012, ranks as the third biggest in the world. The road network is The infrastructure is also responsible for the boost in the key transport infrastructure, accounting for 65% of freight and the economy of a country as better road connectivity 80% of total passenger traffic in the country. The Indian road increases the transport of goods, better trade in terms network comprises over 79,000 kilometers of national highways of import and export that is an antidote for and express highways, over 1.5 million kilometres of state highways unemployment. Government’s ambitious five-year plan and approximately 4.4 million kilometres of district and village for rural India may see increased focus on the rural job roads. National highways comprise slightly less than 2% of the road guarantee scheme, the creation of road networks in network but account for about 40% of total road traffic. The Golden strategically important areas, a 50% jump in the Quadrilateral Highway which spans 5,846 kilometers and connects number of women’s self-help groups, and emphasis on Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata – the four major Indian cities – generating more income for the 67% of India’s is one of the biggest highway networks in the world. The National population that lives in rural areas. The government’s Highway 44 or NH 44 (previously named NH 7), a 2,369 kilometer- overall aim is to reduce the dependence of the poor on long north-south national highway running through the states of manual jobs, over the next five years, work under the Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, flagship Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, is the country’s single longest national Guarantee Act, 2005 i.e MGNREGS is expected to highway. involve 1358 crore person days. In 2019-20, MGNREGS plans to create 258 crore person days of work. The One of the most ambitious projects to improve roads in India was government will also try to earmark at least 25% of the under the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) started total expenditure on rural schemes towards creating in 1998 by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Bajpayee. The individual assets for women and small and marginal flagship project of the NHDP is the Golden Quadrilateral of a total farmers to help income generation, officials said. It of 5,846 kilometres of four-to-six-lane highways connecting the four also wants a 1,000 new clusters built around thematic major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The total cost economic activities and another 1000 model villages, of the project is ₹ 300 billion, funded largely by the government's officials added. special petroleum product tax revenues and government borrowing. In January 2012, India announced that the four-lane GQ highway network was complete. SANRACHNA | 15

Career in DR. MANOJ ANAOKAR Infrastructure: FACULTY A Lucrative and Respectable Option I nfrastructure’ is a buzz word in today’s time. Union and state budgets, economists, people from social and political world, media and last but not least the citizens of the country, we hear from all of them, talking in some or the other context, about the infrastructure. Is it really so important? If the answer to the question is assertive then the next question that pops up in our mind is what’s so important about it? Just consider a remote village in the valleys of the emphasize not only the importance of the infrastructure sector in mountains which are difficult to reach even by the country but also insinuates the immediate as well as long term walkways and footpaths, forget about the reach of any job and employment opportunities in huge number in this sector. vehicle. People in such villages have no access to good medical facilities, children in these villages are Civil engineers have the major role in creations of the wonders in deprived of even a primary education, people need to the infrastructure sector with the knowledge of modern technology go out of the village walking miles of a distance for and skills acquired by them at their undergraduate and post day-to-day essentials and job opportunities is just a graduate studies. They also have the scope in the research and dream in their eyes. Even if a kaccha unpaved road is development of sustainable infrastructure facilities. Their role in constructed connecting such a village with the outside the wealth creations and the economic growth of the country is world, the couple of trips of a bus of public transport therefore inevitable. open the doors of development in this village. People can bring the day-to-day essentials commodities and Students completing their higher secondary education and their sell them in the small shops in village giving rise to parents who are in search of best short-term and long-term career their earnings, students of the village can get a small options should come forward to join civil engineering. By becoming primary school where the teachers from outside can a Civil Engineer, they will not only get the rewarding salary packages come and educate them, a small local health centre but also will achieve a proud and respectable position in the society with a visiting doctor can cater the elementary as one of the creators of modern infrastructure and contributor in treatment needs and access to ambulance can provide shaping the economy of the country. the villagers better medical attention in medical emergencies. This was just a glimpse of what a kaccha road, a small element of infrastructure, can make a stunning effect in upgrading the quality of life of people. When the villages, towns and cities get a variety of state-of-the- art infrastructure facilities that make the wonder in thelives of people. People get connected with the world stimulating the social and cultural development, enhancing the better educational and employment opportunities, providing the access to the emerging markets by increasing trade and manufacture. This fosters the overall economic growth of a region. Infrastructure is not just about provision of efficient road network but it also includes network of railways, water supply and waste management, and the most important is the power sector which is the basic necessity for all other economic sectors. This importance of infrastructure is clearly reflected in the Union Budget 2021 of India. The Budget has allocated 1 lakh 18 thousand and 101 crores for road projects, 1 lakh 10 thousand and 55 crores for railways, 1 lakh 41 thousand crores for swatch Bharat Mission for solid waste and waste water treatment, etc. and 3 lakh 5 crores for boosting the power sector. This will SANRACHNA | 16

SAHIL SHAIKH T he huge increase of population in metropolitan cities accompa- Skyscrapers & B.TECH CIVIL 3RD YEAR nies an increasing demand for space. Skyscrapers solve this Solutions to problem by expanding vertically and by creating large spaces on Wind Loading relatively smaller areas of land. These magnificent structures are, by themselves, a representation of growth and the evolution of human civilization as a whole. One main issue that arises when designing and constructing such tall buildings is dealing with the effects of wind loading. Wind can cause a lot of issues to tall structures, if not dealt with adequately, shattered windows, loss of structural integrity and discomfort to the inhabitants, to name a few. Today’s thin skyscrapers have to deal with a particular wind induced phenomenon called vortex shedding. This happens when wind flowing past a building creates strong swirls of air or vortices that magnify the effects of wind. High wind speeds create alternating pressure zones that make the building rock back and forth. When we look at how some of these famous skyscrapers are designed, we are inclined to think that these are architectural choices, made to give these buildings their unique identities. But behind each of these features, is an engineering trick deliberately designed to deal with the effects of the wind. Some common ways of dealing with the wind include tapering of the building (The Shard, London), periodic setbacks (The Willis Tower in Chicago), by softening the edges or with small cutouts from the edges (Taipei 101 in Taiwan). In these techniques, there is a reduction of surface area for the wind to act on along the height of the building. With advancement in software and material science, it is now possible to build even more complex structures. Engineers have taken complete advantage of this development and have used it to come up with unique ways to deal with the wind. Some of these include: Twisting of the structure : This wind resistance technique makes for some of the most extraordinary skylines today. The corkscrew shape of these buildings allows the wind to spiral along the structure, upward and off the building. As seen in The Evolution Tower in Moscow, Russia and Turning Torso in Malmö, Sweden. Opening up the structure : Skyscrapers like Saudi Arabia’s Kingdom Centre and Shanghai’s World Financial Center use this technique, a gap in the building at the top, allowing the wind to pass right through and altogether eliminating the problem. SANRACHNA | 17

Use of Dampers : These are mechanisms designed to absorb energy from a building’s movement, counteracting the effect of the wind. Skyscrapers do this in two ways. First, by providing slosh tanks, containers filled with several tons of water, the water sloshes back and forth and its weight displacement keeps the building from swaying. Second, by suspending massive weights known as tuned mass dampers in the middle of the building, these are devices mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations, that consists of a mass that is mounted on one or more damped springs. Traditionally, dampers used to be hidden away in buildings along with other technical equipment but they don’t have to be concealed. Buildings like the Taipei 101’s mass damper has become a popular tourist attraction and they even have a mascot for the damper called “Damper Baby”. SANRACHNA | 18

MOLSHRI RAJANKAR I n today’s world, we experience immense difficulty in travelling due Submerged B.TECH CIVIL 4TH YEAR to prevailing traffic conditions. On a daily basis, people travel for Floating Tunnel work for longer hours and the rush during working hours is incomparable. There are various initiatives taken by the government (SFT) to build bridges, flyovers, freeways etc. in order to reduce congestion during peak hours. But we must also take into consideration the connectivity of places surrounded by water Fig. 2: Placement of Pontoons (floating supports) bodies. on water surface Mumbai was built by conjoining seven different islands, and parts like Alibaug, Bhauchha Dhakka etc. where the only mode of pontoons and tethers as the y allow for construction in transportation is ferries, navigation is cumbersome from one place deep water where conventional tunnels and bridges to another. are either difficult to construct or too expensive. These Inspired by the Norwegian and Chinese research papers, the can be constructed in open seas as well as in land construction of SFT is an Elliptical Hollow Section like structure with water bodies like lakes. the outer thick covering being of concrete (waterproof) for allotment The tube is placed at an optimum depth, such that it’s of drains, ventilation, air vents etc. inside it and a pentagonal space not near to the surface where it might encounter which shall comprise of a carriageway (Single Lane Dual weather or obstruct the path of regular moving water Carriageway) where only stipulated amount and size of vehicles shall transport. It should also not be so deep that it would be permitted for the safety of the tunnel. About 70 square meter of have to deal with too much water pressure. A effective area is left empty just for the ventilation and electrical Submerged floating tunnel can be an optimum works, thereby ensuring that much of the concrete is used for cover. solution for the problem of high gridlock in several The final design of the cross-section is considered to an ellipse interior parts of the city. because after studying data from various resources, it provides A Static and Dynamic Analysis was conducted in order stability in rough water and has also played an imperative role in to formulate Live Loads and Dead Loads, for evaluating reducing the amount of surface bending moment. The elliptical Shear Forces, Bending moments, and Axial Forces, shape also benefited the SFT as it allowed for more room in Buoyancy Ratio calculations etc. ventilation and electrical wiring and provided optimum cover for A 3-Dimensional View was created using AutoCAD concrete considering the safety of the structure. Software for better understanding. The basic idea of developing this tunnel is to reduce the travel time In addition to this, ANSYS Software helped us to track for people navigating from Bhauchha Dhakka to Uran. 30,000 water velocity, dynamic pressure, streamline water people or 10,000 passenger car units everyday would be benefitted flow, vortex shedding etc. by providing a connection between these two points as it cuts short Further, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) the time by bringing it to as low as 20 minutes although the actual was compiled wherein the main focus being kept at time taken for travelling is 60 to 120 minutes. the first stage of EIA which is Environmental Clearance The 14km long tunnel is supported by tethers at an angle of 45 (EC) Analysis was conducted. degree at the center and pontoons attached at every 100 meters. A Pre - Feasibility and Post - Feasibility report along Pontoons are floating supports which rest on the water’s surface like with EIA was made to study the ecological parameters. floaters. This doesn’t come in the way of the aquatic life thus Submerged floating tunnels are a new technology that maintaining the ecological balance. We must also consider that has not yet been researched about in detail, neither seismic activity along the underground tunnel will be dangerous, have they been implemented in a real time scenario. while it will have very less impact on the integrity of SFT. The hypothetical implementation of this technology for The proposed structure is more economical as compared to the Indian scenario was studied where such conventional bridges since the cost doesn’t escalate per kilometer developments are a necessity. Analysis was done to increase in length. Also it has been chosen to build an SFT instead of finalise the section of the tunnel, the alignment, and its bridge since it is a new innovative concept allowing large or heavier behaviour in static condition. ships to pass through, which would not have been feasible by placing a bridge. A Submerged Floating Tunnel, also known as an Archimedes Bridge is suspended freely in water supported by buoyancy. It is partially submerged underwater and will be buttressed with the help of Fig. 1: Pictorial Representation of Submerged Floating Tunnel Fig. 3: Pictorial Representation of Submerged Floating Tunnel SANRACHNA | 19

Taj Mahal For the foundation of the Taj Mahal, a unique water-resistant SANYAM KOTHARI mortar called “Sarooj” was prepared. The basic contents of Sarooj BTECH CIVIL 2ND YEAR Figure 1: Front view of Taj Mahal were lime, clay, and sand. In addition, ash obtained from different sources such as wood and animal dung was added in the Sarooj mortar. Further, local ingredients such as jaggery, pulse, sugar bubbles, gram flour, resin, jute, and gum were also added. This helped in manufacturing a strong bonding agent. Local ingredients and fibres made the Sarooj mortar impenetrable. The use of iron in the foundation was limited to the external works, such as iron nails used to secure the stones to the links of the vertical arches. Figure 2: Site of Taj Mahal before its construction T he great stories behind the monument of love are known by all. But just like love, do we know what lies in the deepest depth of this magnificent structure? Let us dig deeper into its foundation. The depth of the groundwater table below Taj Mahal is Figure 4: Foundation of Taj Mahal prepared by Handa located at 5.25 m. Fine to medium-grain quartz tic sandstone is available below 60.2 m. A thicker clay For preparing bricks, clay and sand were mixed, shaped, and baked layer of intermediate compressibility is available from at the site of the construction. Mughal paintings of the construction RL 123.8 to 60.2 m. The non-plastic to salty sand (SP- work show the brick kilns set up on the worksite of Taj Mahal. SM) is available from RL 133 to 123.8 m. Clay of low to intermediate compressibility (CL- CI) is available from Mughal houses utilized wood in various parts of the foundation, reduced level (RL) 149 to 133 m. such as circular braces in the wells. The parts made of wood were used on the riverside wall of the foundation to reduce the river’s Based upon the consolidation test result, 99.4 % of the scouring. Mostly, Sagwan wood (teak) and bamboo were used for total settlement had taken place during the this function. Bamboo was used to make large scaffolding construction of the Taj Mahal. structures, while Sagwan wood was used to build wheels to support the core of the well foundation Figure 3: Soil profile of the Taj Mahal foundation Wooden part of the foundation lies well below the river Yamuna and it is the secret that wood used therein still has the necessary Researchers have figured out the precise depth of the strength or bearing capacity to carry on the weight of Taj Mahal. foundation, to be 17.5 m, using the ground penetration The wells were sunk and cased with ebony or mahogany wood and radar method. were filled with rubble and masonry. According to experts wood fibres are dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above After the excavation, the well foundation was fibre saturation points i.e. above 30%. But it experiences disrupts in constructed over the excavated stratum. In addition, dimensions or swells if moisture content tends to show an increase the wells were filled with stone debris with strong or decrease phenomenon. According to Surveys and Studies carried masonry of stone and lime. A structural system was out by ASI, it is believed that 'ebony's wood' was used in the built on top of the wells. This system consists of piers construction of foundation and the reference to the same can be and arches. Arches were connected to piers so that the found in many books on historical monuments. One more precise superstructure load can be distributed evenly on the but extremely technical detail that was put to use in wooden well foundation. After that, a big sandstone base was foundations is that -\"it is only the combined action of water and air created on top of the structural system. present in the environment that deteriorates the wood. Neither of them alone have the capacity enough to deteriorate wood by virtue Bricks, stones, mortar, iron, and wood were used in the of their action. With regards to Hindu Science of Elements- Ebony is foundation construction of the Taj Mahal. the only wood known to have Elemental Association with all the five elements-air, water, earth, fire and sky. Also, since Ebony has a very high density it easily sinks in water. The great stories behind the monument of love are known by all. But just like love, do we know what lies in the deepest depth of this magnificent structure? Let us dig deeper into its foundation. SANRACHNA | 20

JAIDEEP SINGH SOHAL A t the beginning of 3rd Century B.C., following the uprising What If ? B.TECH CIVIL 4TH YEAR of barbarian nomads of the North, Emperor Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty decided to construct a long wall that will serve as a barrier from their northern invaders. The Development of this magnanimous wall was done in parts, conceptualized under the Qin Dynasty, the barricade was further completed under the Han Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and the People's Republic of China. As Civil Engineers, it is very interesting to look back and wonder how did the people at that time pull off a project like this with the bare minimum equipment and absolutely no use of Technology. But, as fascinating as that is, if we were to make this structure in today’s day and age, how would we do it? What if we were to construct the whole 15,000 kilometres of the wall with today’s use of modern technology? Make no mistake, this is just a brief overview of what it might be and not an in-depth analysis of all the concepts. Sounds Interesting? Let’s Imagine! 1. Levelling & Excavation Then- In the Third Century BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang forced people, including traders, Shop-owners, farmers into manual labour for excavation. The whole process of excavating the entire mass of soil was not much because of the absence of a traditional foundation. Consequently, the primary requirement was to level the surface and dig up to 1 foot to ensure the placement of quarried Stones. Also, there wasn’t much attention paid to maintaining a safe elevation because this was supposed to be a defence wall and, by making the defence wall even, the workers will be compromising on its unique element of surprise for the invaders. Now- In the modern era, providing a uniform elevation is a fundamental requirement for any type of walkway therefore, we may set a base elevation of 1:20. This will ensure a consistent gradient for the soldiers to walk on. Also, we may provide a foundation for the wall even though there isn’t one originally. For doing so, we will be requiring earth-moving equipment like Excavators, Back-hoe, or even a bulldozer for that matter. This will significantly reduce the number of laborers from the earlier 800,000 to near about 200,000 today. This will ensure that the exaction and levelling work will be terminated within allotted days for 15000Km! SANRACHNA | 21

3. Construction of Wall Then- The Wall was built in sections, so it was vital to maintain the homogeneity of materials used in the wall therefore, large quantities of Stones of the same type were Quarried for the masonry work. The whole structure is built with stones because of the toughness and durability. Even today we see most of that stone still intact. Stones were placed on top of each other and glutinous rice flour was used to bind the masses. The use of stone meant that the cost of production of stone was high, also it required a lot of skilled labour and because of these two factors, the time consumed for making 1km of the wall would be a lot. No wonder the great Chinese wonder took more than 20 years to build! Now- The use of stone for such a magnanimous structure is not economical in the modern world, rather, we can either go for a brick wall or a RCC wall. But to ensure maximum strength of the structure, we will go for RCC Walls. Mass concreting for such a structure isn’t an easy task, therefore we have the opportunity to employ a modern technique of concreting, Mivan Formwork Concreting. Mivan Formwork will give the engineers a chance to do one continuous operation on a big section in one go, therefore saving a lot of time. Also, the shuttering is reusable up to 250 times and can be adjusted by unskilled labour, therefore, saving cost and extending durability. Mivan Formwork can not only be used for walls but for slabs/decks as well, therefore it will give the engineers a lot of flexibility in terms of handling mass concreting. 2. Foundation The above was just some of major changes that the engineers Then- The structure basically comprises 2 parts, the will adopt, the detailed technicalities of building a wall like is far walk way, and the watchtower, with the maximum beyond my imagination. While I am proud of what we can height of the structure going to be about 12m. The achieve as a community in this modern era, I am also inspired by Engineers did not provide a conventional foundation as our forefathers because without the sincere contributions and the structure was not subjected to heavy loads, dedication, Civil Engineering wouldn’t have evolved the way it did. alternatively, they dug 1 foot in the ground and started the stonework from there to the top. The stonework at A Note of the base was used for levelling and to ensure the Gratitude alignment of the wall on a plain surface. Now- In the view of Modern engineering methods, a From using animals to transport logs to using foundation will be provided. Foundation provides trailers to transport concrete panels, we have stability to the wall and will fortify the structure. For come a long way. The way we have integrated doing so, Sections of the Raft foundation consisting of 6 technology into our methods of construction square pillars, placed 3.5-4m from each other may be symbolizes our growth as a community. Today, used. This type of Raft Foundation can be used firstly, to we can fabricate strong, long-lasting structures provide support at every critical section of the base of that will stand the test of time and nature only the wall, also, Raft foundation will evenly distribute the because of the advancements that we have load of the fence on the weak hilly soil, and lastly, made. This would not have been possible if it because it is economical, therefore will be cost-efficient weren’t for our ancestors who built the considering the scale of the structure. For doing such a foundation of engineering with their bare task, a greater number of laborers will be needed as hands. Structures like the great wall of China, they will be required to tie in the formwork, place the Giza’s pyramids, and the remains of ancient reinforcement and pour in the Concrete. Athens are living examples of our deep-rooted concepts and work culture. Thank You Real Engineers! SANRACHNA | 22

ART, MUSIC AND NATURE COEXIST LIKE A SYMPHONY, THE INTRICATE RHYTHMS OF WHICH ARE TOO PROFOUND TO FIT INTO A SINGLE LIFETIME. THE BEAUTY AND GRATIFICATION THEY BRING MAKES THE TRAJECTORY OF LIFE A LITTLE SMOOTH, LEAVING A TRAIL OF LESSONS AND ANECDOTES TO LOOK BEHIND. Ojas Nisalkar Btech Civil 3rd Year

From Science to Humanity E ve Curry recently read a book on Madame Curie and Pierre He continued his research by planning a very simple Curie. I read the Marathi translation written by Dr. Ashwini way of life and struggling with adversity. The couple, Bhide -Deshpande. who put their energy, time and intellect together for a positive cause, were very different from each other. It I read it in a hurry and was amazed. This is a couple who only think was, and still is, a turning point in many about science and science. These two work in harmony. This is a people's lives. couple who knew the goal of their life long ago. At the same time, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for basic research. Marie Curie The book is well written by his daughter. Marathi has two Nobel Prizes. She broke many years of records. First translation is also excellent. In many contexts, the female Nobel laureate. And the other is her own daughter, Irene. situation at that time comes to the fore. The personification is neat. These two have done a great service to mankind. Discovered the \"Radium\" needed to treat cancer. Verified all its properties. An image of Madame Curie is created. The brilliance of Numerous and continuous experiments proved it. intelligence on the face seen in many pictures, kangaroo in nature, firmness, yet humility can be felt They had the patience to find the most precious and scarce even in writing. Still, there is a lot to be written, \"Radium\". Inadequate equipment, numerous challenges, and something to be understood. almost exhausting, the duo had been working in the laboratory for many years with relentless courage and tremendous confidence. Facing the world more rigorously after the accidental death of Pierre Curie, caring for girls as well as guiding They gave a gram of radium for further research, for medical many students for research, carrying X-Ray machines verification. Without taking any patents. These are the scientists for many wounded soldiers during World War II and who insist that \"Radium is not the property of any one. The whole moving around with the feeling of \"nation first\". world has a right to it\". Even though it was worth 1 lakh at that time, not a single penny was taken from anyone. The noble and A woman researcher and author of many research pure purpose is to use science only for the salvation of mankind. papers, she is a striking swimmer, cyclist, working hard for the Radium Institute, working 14-16 hours a day, facing new challenges every day but never giving up. It gives a lot of energy. There are still very few female researchers in our country today. This book \"Madame Curie\" is a must read for all those who study science and technology . I'd like to thank my friend from the bottom of my heart for gifting the book to me! - DR. MEENAL MATEGAONKAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEADDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SANRACHNA | 24

6 Ways to Travel Sustainably W e all love to see nature. Its aura and beauty are just the manifestation of the power and the might it possesses. To experience the utmost beauty of it, it has to be incorporated with an evenly difficult approach to feel and understand the importance. As they say, ‘The best view comes after the hardest climb’. We tend to travel around to admire the mountains, beaches, lakes, amazing landscapes, and other incarnations of nature. At the same time conserving and protecting the environment is very important to make them look more astonishing than ever before! Stating that, the question arises, what can we tourists do to conserve and protect the environment while traveling. Well, as a tourist we very well understand the value because we are on the road chasing for a perfect sunset or a breath-taking view. Here are some actions that you can take to contribute according to me: UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE USAGE OF PLASTIC AND OTHER NON-DEGRADABLE Well, heading to a place, taking a couple of pictures for Instagram, COMPONENTS and returning back is not a great idea. Instead, you can distract The main issue when it comes to tourist places is the your finger from clicking Instagram to Maps and have a look at the litter that is created which mainly involves plastic geography of the place you are visiting and plan out certain actions wrappers, bottles, aluminium cans, etc. To avoid this, that won’t affect the area much. For example: If the region is a low carrying a water bottle can be useful. In case, even if pollution zone or has a huge concentration of endangered species, used, disposing of it in the right place is a must action. you can look for a different alternative to go around the place to REDUCE THE NUMBER reduce pollution and not bother the flora-fauna! It is recommended that a small group of tourists is way IN THE DENSE… more appreciated than a huge group. The reason While going through a thick cover of forest (On or Off-road) in a being is, in small groups these basic environmental vehicle, honking can be controlled to not bother the animals and actions can be taken care of as compared to a larger trees around unless you find an animal in your way. With that said, concentration of people. The above-mentioned actions driving should be done carefully to avoid accidentally hurting any can be taken in a small group to keep a check on the animal or causing any trouble to the forest. actions and can make a huge difference in the way we USING THE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION interact with nature. If you find yourself traveling solo or with friends, make sure you opt The year 2020 came with some surprises which kept for local transportation. This gives you a very raw experience of the our jaws stuck to the floor. Some unbelievable events daily life of the locals and at the same time contributes to reducing have unfolded and the travel industry has struggled to pollution and carbon emissions. survive. We were at a point where sustainability had CARBON FOOTPRINTS just started blooming. I believe, now that we almost Today, every individual, community, organization is responsible for somewhat are starting from scratch, why not the rapid increase of carbon emission. Considering the place you incorporate sustainability as a crucial part of our travel. visit, it is necessary to “not contribute” your carbon footprints. To By following these basic steps, we can majorly curb that, more walking can be done around which can reduce contribute to the environment while traveling. In a carbon emission which otherwise would have increased by an way, we are paying our respect for nature and activity like driving a vehicle and can also convince you to locally appreciating what it has for us. Lastly, it all comes interact with the locality. down to “We need the Environment, the Environment Sustainable activities should be preferred to keep the carbon doesn’t need us” footprint intact within the limits. Use of vehicles and heavy transport should be avoided when at the destination as it can lead to an increase in pollution and surely restrict you from locally interacting with the culture and the overall city. - OJAS NISALKAR B.TECH CIVIL 3RD YEAR SANRACHNA | 25



Powers If any one of these elements is missing, the fire goes out. I know that you might be thinking “why isn’t he Introduction getting down to the point?” but trust me; there is a direct connection between the two. How? We’ll find out. Destiny, what are we destined for? Desire In this fast paced world of modernization, competitors and rivals Determination await us at each step, whether it is to achieve the first rank in Motivation school or to get the highest package in a corporate. Everyone wants to be successful and achieve their goals. But why are only a handful You might be thinking, “What’s the connection?” of people able to achieve their goals? The “DESIRE” to score maximum marks in the class is Do they have some special powers which make them different from the first element (Heat). Now, to achieve that goal you others? need to have a strong “DETERMINATION” on your mind saying, “I will achieve the goal of being the Well, let us go on an expedition and find out these powers. I topper of my class”. Now, to enhance this welcome you all on this journey of POWERS. determination and to keep it going, the third element has to come into the picture which is “MOTIVATION”. It The answer to the previous questions lies in our first power, which acts as Oxygen for your flame whenever you feel low is responsible for moving our complete lifecycle. I know, after I and say “I should quit”. Motivation helps you to come mentioned this, a volcano of questions would be exploding in your up again and fly. To get a better understanding look at mind like, “what power is that?” Let me introduce you to the first the diagram below: power- HEAT The power of DESIRE I know a series of questions might be arising in your mind that what OXYGEN FUEL in the world is the power of desire? Let us understand this with a real life example. In your school or college, when an announcement POWER OF DESIRE for a test was made, I am sure that at least once a thought must’ve popped up in your mind that you should be the one to achieve the MOTIVATION DETERMINATION highest score. At that very moment, a flame of DESIRE had actually instigated in everyone’s hearts with an urgency to become the Let us go back to the day when the announcement topper of the class. But what really matters is for how long that was made. Every student got instigated by a desire. flame goes on. Why do most people fail in the end? What exactly But the question is “how big was that flame?” Well, happens between the day of announcement and the day of the here’s the catch. The bigger the flame, the more likely test? you will achieve your goal. Some students might think that they just want to get passing marks and they Let us find out. To understand in a better way and get a clearer actually end up getting passing marks. My concern visualization, let’s consider for example, THE FIRE TRIANGLE, that here is: if you have a desire then why shouldn’t it be some of us learnt about in high school. For those who did not pay big? If your desire is smaller than your goal, you will attention in their science class when this concept was being taught- most likely always end up failing. For example, if you let me give a quick recap- a fire is caused and sustained by three have a desire to score 50 marks on 100 you will never main elements which are: end up scoring 100. But unfortunately many people try to derail the momentum of our desire and try to put Heat off our flame by saying “This cannot be done” or “This Fuel is next to impossible”. That is why I strongly suggest Oxygen you surround yourself with people who have a positive mindset and who push you forward towards achieving your goals. I am thankful to God that I have friends and family who never pull me back from pursuing my dreams! So how do you overpower such people who try to put out your flame of desire? Well that’s very easy, the next power will help you overcome such kinds of people. And that power is:- SANRACHNA | 27

The power of WHY The power of QUESTIONS “Is there a need for my business in Do you all recall learning WH- What are questions? What is their the market?” questions in school during your relevance in our life? I just asked you English lecture? Ring a bell. Basically two questions. Most people wonder “Who are the predominant players in these are the questions which start how to be rich and look for the the market?” with WH- like where, when, what and secret behind getting rich in the why. Amongst these, I personally shallow waters. However, after Rich people primarily seek answers find WHY the most fascinating. You tremendous effort, they give up for the above mentioned questions wonder why? The answer to why can saying that it’s very difficult to be and then take a step ahead. give you the root cause for anything rich. But these people don’t know Remember: analysis and study of the or any incident. Coming back to the that the secret of becoming rich is market is very important and this part about how to eliminate toxic not found so easily for if it was that can only be done if we ask questions people who say that “this cannot be easy, everyone around would be a and seek their answers. And as done by you” It’s simple. Just ask millionaire. someone has rightly said- them “Why do you think that I cannot do this?” 90% of people will For getting rich you need to dive “The more we know the more we look like your chess player opponent deep into the ocean of questions. grow.” who has been checkmate by you and Most people think about getting rich will be absolutely clueless. This is and look at other people’s success To understand this deeply let us go because they themselves do not stories. Thus they get hasty and back in history when Thomas Edison know how to achieve what you are launch their startup while ending up invented the Direct Current trying to achieve. I am sure that failing. Most startup companies fail generator and was trying to make most of you have heard about the within 5 years of their establishment electricity viable and affordable, but tale that in a basket of crabs, if one and even less than 3% make it for 10 Direct Current could not travel to crab tries to climb up the wall of the years and above. After that, most of long distances. It started depleting basket other crabs will tend to pull them end up making statements like as it travelled farther. That is when his leg down and not let him out. “Business is not our piece of cake.” Sir Nikola Tesla came into the Now compare them with these 90% Sure enough, it isn’t but it can be picture. He saw this as a challenge people who say that “this cannot be made easier if planned and executed and asked himself questions like achieved”; it’s exactly the same. Now properly. “What is an alternative for this?” you might be wondering what about “How can we make electricity travel those 10% people. They will give you The approach of the rich is a bit longer distances?” This eventually a legitimate reason about why you different, they ask themselves gave birth to the Alternating Current cannot achieve your dreams. I say questions like: generator. So this also proves the these are our well-wishers. I suggest lines that you thank these people, chase your “How can my business solve a dreams and achieve your goal. The problem?” “How can my business Necessity is the mother of power of WHY answers most of the make the world a better place?” invention difficult questions in life. Our next power can be stated as an expanded “What are the current and long term version of the power of why and that crises that my business can solve?” power is: - JAY.TRIVEDI B.TECH INTEGRATED SEM 12 SANRACHNA | 28

Creativity is a process, not an event. Creativity is the ability to consider something in a new way. It requires our brains to make connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. Is this a skill that we are born with or one that we develop through practice? Creativity expresses itself in a multitude of ways. A graphic designer creates an awesome logo for a brand. A writer comes up with a great backstory for his original character. A photographer captures a photo at such an angle that the photo comes out spectacular. The moment of cracking an idea can be experienced by anyone. In 1968, George Land conducted a research to test the levels of creativity in different age groups ranging from five year olds to adults. The results were; 98% creativity in five year olds, 30% in 10 year olds, 12% in 15 year olds and 2% in adults. By conducting this research, George Land concluded that children are very creative and they naturally express their creative talents and adults have a very low level of creativity. This can be due to lack of motivation or due to real life obstacles. “What we have concluded, that non-creative behaviour is learned.”, wrote Land. Mr. Land states in his TED talks that the education system is one of the key factors for lack of creativity in adults and that their creativity is buried by rules and regulations, to train them to follow instructions. Creativity is not a skill people are born with. Yes, there are some more creative than others but creativity is a skill that can be learned anytime. The story of the falling apple is one of the most iconic and lasting moments of creativity. Sir Issac Newton saw an apple fall to the ground and thought ‘why does it only fall perpendicularly downward and not in any other direction’. Thus the concept of Gravity was born. What most people forget, however, is that Newton worked on his ideas about Gravity for nearly twenty years. The falling apple was merely the beginning of a train of thought that continued. According to Creativity Research Journal, 2004, by Michael Mumford, Ginamarie Scott and Lyle Leritz, there are three components of creativity; knowledge and intellectual ability, degree of imagination and motivation. Your creative skills are determined by how you approach tasks, with a fixed mindset or a growth mindset. A fixed mindset is when we approach tasks as if our talents and abilities are fixed and unchanging. In a growth mindset, however, we believe that our abilities can be improved with effort and practice. Here are a few practical ways for becoming more creative: Limit yourself : Limits are the best tools to spark your creativity. You learn to manage your ideas and thoughts in a small space which can boost creativity. The more we limit ourselves, the more resourceful we become. Broaden your knowledge : One of the most creative strategies is to force yourself to think about various ideas and topics. Sleep longer : A study in the University of Pennsylvania revealed that sleep has a great impact on your mental performance. Like all cognitive and behavioral functions, creative thinking can decline due to lack of sleep. Spend time outside the walls : It is proven that spending time in sunshine with nature can increase your level of creativity . Think positive : Psychology research has revealed that we tend to have a broad mindset when we are happy. This theory is known as Broaden and Build Theory, which makes it easier for us to make connections between ideas. Creativity is Experimenting, Breaking rules, Taking risks, Making mistakes and having fun. “Think left and think right. Think low and think high. Oh, the things you can think up if you only try!”- Dr. Seuss. - SOUMYA DESHPANDE B.TECH CIVIL 2ND YEAR SANRACHNA | 29

Your education doesn’t end with a degree, or your Master's or a Ph.D! I vividly remember that day in Bhaidas auditorium. As we important licence to the professional world, but not the sat there listening to the former Dean of MPSTME, Dr. NT ultimate endgame. All of us have a higher calling to do Rao, who said something that I will never forget.\" something meaningful in life. And let me tell you honestly, a college will never teach you that. You'll have to find that More than just an engineer, you should strive to be a mind purpose yourself. You'll need to educate yourself through engineer.\" And that hit me hard. I stood there numbed on books, courses, seminars and everything that gives you value my seat, by the profundity of his statement, while a in context of your purpose. If you wanna be an architect, you thunderous round of applause swept across the auditorium. better be the best one, if you wanna be an entrepreneur you The opening ceremony of Mumbai MUN 2018 was brought to better be the most valuable one, if you wanna be an athlete life after his invigorating speech! Sure enough he was a wise you better be the fastest one. And, sure enough, once you man! start chasing your purpose, everything in life becomes a library which helps you to improve your craft. Doors start to And as I mention this 3 years later, typing this article out and open up for you, your world starts to make more sense, and trying hard to extract the beauty of his statement, I'm that's the road to contentment and meaning! surprised at how much difference that statement has So I urge you dear reader, invest in yourself. Make time to brought to my life. educate yourself daily for that will change your nervous response and hence you'll see through things with more I've realized that life is too short to wait for opportunities to clarity and transparency. I know it's untraditional of me to come your way and treat you with the sweet taste of success. say this but, you will fail, and fail, and continue to fail….. Nothing comes without a price. The internalization of this But you know what? The good news is that after failing that simple but raw principle has paved the way for many much you'll already be a hundred miles ahead of someone entrepreneurs, innovators, developers, and global-minded who never tried. Because as you must've heard: \"Failure isn't leaders toward accomplishing their goals in life. Nonetheless, anything but a stepping stone toward success.\" one of the key factors that sky-rocketed their success was You're young, so explore your passions, make mistakes, fail their pursuit of self-education. Nobody is born into this better, get up stronger, and push harder than before. mentality, it has to be developed over time, some realise it early on, while others realise it after they face a series of - HAAZIQ QURESHI roadblocks and setbacks. BTI CIVIL SEMESTER 8 Now, you must be thinking- \"ughhh...what on the earth does he mean by self-education? Isn't it the same as getting a degree and graduating?\" I would say, NO! Formal education gets you a job, but self-education will get you a LIFE. Most people today are conditioned into believing that one's education ends with a Master's, or a Ph.D or mere degree. They're being trained to become 'skilled-workers' who will work from 9-5 for the rest of their lives, retire and die. One question that I always ask myself everyday is: \"What separates me from the other 7 billion+ people on this planet? What unique do I have to put on the table? What is my purpose in life? Do I want to die as another mediocre human being, or do I want to be remembered for good?\" And that calibrates my perception toward life. Asking these empowering questions to myself, I begin to realise that a degree is just another piece of paper, and just a means to an end. Of course, don't get me wrong, it's certainly an SANRACHNA | 30

OUR FACULTY SANRACHNA | 31

FORMER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ( CIVIL ENGINEERING ) Tanuja Bandivadekar DR. I took charge as Department Head from Dr. Hegde in 2018 July. Academic year 2018- 19 was special for Civil Engineering department since we were hosting ASCE National Level Student Conference. That was the first conference held at MPSTME on a large scale where national level teams participated in Concrete Canoe competition. The conference was for four action packed days. The complete Team CESA along with organizers of conference and faculty mentors worked hard and made it a grand success. Being Department head I had a chance to interact with Team CESA and TEAM Technocrat. They all were vibrant, dynamic, with lots of new ideas. Working with them, observing their passionate work was wonderful experience I will never forget. In 2019, during ABET accreditation visit, the program evaluator was impressed interacting with CESA team members and specially mentioned about energetic and lively student chapter of ASCE in his report. That was a proud moment for CESA. We eventually received ABET accreditation for Civil Engineering program for six years. I wish our ASCE international student chapter will scale new heights in future. All my good wishes. Make us proud.!!! SANRACHNA | 32

CONTACT US http://cesampstme.weebly.com/ cesampstme cesa.asce@gmail.com MPSTME CIVIL ENGINEERING mpstmecesa@gmail.com DEPARTMENT asce.mpstme AsceMpstmeCesa Bhakthi Vendanth Swami Marg, Near Cooper Hospital, JVPD Scheme, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056