Science-02

Learning 1S.C. TRIPATHI M.Sc., Ph.D.AVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANYINDUSTRIAL AREA, TRILOKPUR ROAD,KALA AMB-173030, DISTT. SIRMOUR (H.P.)DELHI OFFICE: 1569/30 Naiwala, Karol Bagh New Delhi - 110 005

Published byAVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANYIndustrial Area, Trilokpur RoadKala Amb-173030, Distt. Sirmour (H.P.)Delhi Office :1569/30 Naiwala, Karol BaghNew Delhi - 110 005 (India)Tel.: 28752745, 28752604 Fax: 011-28756921email: [email protected]© PublishersISBN–978-81–7739–335–4ISBN–978-81–7739–340–8 (Set)First Edition: 2012Price: 80.00Designed at:Laser Tech PrintsPrinted at:Capital OffsetBawana Industrial Area, Delhi

It gives me great pleasure in presenting the Series “Learning Science” for Classes 1 to 5.P Today the world of science offers us a sweeping story of events occurring aroundR us. In this story, there are fabulous clues to different aspects of life. With this SeriesE I have tried to provide a coherent explanation to the story which naturally attractsF and fascinates young and impressionable minds.AC Teachers of millions of students are well aware of the effectiveness of the approachE which integrates current topics with take-home lessons. They will agree that any student will stick to the lively, vibrant and easy-to-follow descriptions, rather than going by the drab and dreary presentation of hard-core facts as has been the trend with most of the books. Keeping this in mind, in this series, I have tried to provide learning stimulus to the young learners, so that they dare to venture into the world of science and explore on their own the “cause-and-effect” relationship among the events happening around them. It will encourage the children to develop critical thinking about the natural world. It stresses more on concept-building rather than on mere rote learning. The salient features of the books are: s

CONTENTS 5 10UNIT I: OUR BODY 17  1. Knowing Your Body

UNIT I — OUR BODY1 Knowing Your BodyOur body has many parts. Read the names of body parts aloud. Ear Head Cheek Forehead Mouth Eyes Nose Neck ChestShoulder Arm Elbow Stomach Fingers Hand 1500 Thigh Leg Knees FootLearn MoreAs we grow up, Heelwe becometaller and heavier. ToesTeacher’s Note: Draw a human body on the blackboard and label all the partsof the body. Discuss how each one of us differs though we have the same bodyparts. Talk about the various parts of the body and the five sense organs. Discusstheir functions in detail.

Each part of our body is important. We can do many things usingdifferent parts of our body.Write Kick Jump Play Eat0061 RunDo it Yourself Collect this information about yourself.Your weight: When you were born At presentYour height: .................... .................... .................... ....................

Sense Organs We see things around us with our eyes. We smell things with our nose. Our nose helps us to know good smell and bad smell.We hear different sounds withour ears. We taste things with our tongue. 1700 Tastes are of four types—sweet, sour, bitter and salty.We feel things with our skin.Some of the things we feelcould be cold, hot, hard or soft.Explore How do you feel when you touch: 1. your hair 2. your cheeks 3. a stone 4. a table?

ANSWER TIMEA. Write the name of the body part used to do the following:1. To smell a rose ...............................2. To feel a hot thing ...............................3. To taste an ice-cream ...............................4. To run ...............................B. Match the following: 1. See2. Hear3. Feel4. Taste 5. Smell0081 C. Write the missing part of the body:The boy has no The girl has no The boy has no.......................... .......................... ..........................

D. Encircle the correct answer: 1. We walk with our legs / arms. 2. We write with our hands / feet. 3. We kick with our feet / hands. 4. We run with our hands / legs. Fun Time Colour picture A if you are a boy and picture B if you are a girl. A B 1900 Learn this poem by heart to learn the number of your body parts. Ten little fingers and ten little toes, Two little ears and one little nose, Two little eyes, that shine so bright, One little mouth, to kiss mummy good night.

UNIT I — OUR BODY 2 Food for Health We all need food. Food gives us energy. We need energy for all the activities we do, like playing and studying. We need food to live.01001 It helps us to grow. It gives us energy. Food makes us healthy and strong. Teacher’s Note: Encourage the students to talk about the different types of food they eat. Explain the importance of each kind of food with respect to good health.

Different Types of FoodThese foods help us to grow. Fish Eggs Learn More Pulses MILK Our body needs a Milk lot of water too. We should drink at least eight to ten glasses of clean water everyday.These foods give us energy.Chapati Rice Sugar BreadThese foods keep us healthy and fit. Do it YourselfFruits Vegetables Collect pictures of different types of food and paste them in your note book. 1101 0Eat healthy food. Junk food is bad for health.

Meals We usually have three main meals in a day. We should eat different types of food in a meal. We eat breakfast in the morning. We eat lunch in the afternoon. We eat dinner at night.00121 Learn More E M EMB E Eat at least Brunch is a meal which we eat between breakfast R one meal with your family. R and lunch time. It is a A family that late breakfast. eats together, stays together!

Cooked and Uncooked FoodFood is cooked before eating.Rice, wheat, pulses and vegetables like potatoes, beans, brinjals,pumpkins are cooked.Cooking makes our food tasty.It makes food soft andeasy to eat.We eat some foods uncooked or raw.Some vegetables like cucumber, tomato, carrot, radish, onion areeaten uncooked. 1030Most of fruits are eaten raw or uncooked.We must wash fruits and vegetablesbefore cutting or eating them.

ANSWER TIME Help BoxA. Fill in the blanks. Use help box: eggs 1. We should not eat .................... food. morning 2. We get .......................... from hens. junk fruits dinner vegetables3. .................. and ................. keep us healthy and fit.4. We eat .............................. at night.5. We eat breakfast in the .............................. .B. Write any two good food habits:1. ...............................................................................................................2. ...............................................................................................................Write any two bad food habits that you have and you needto change:1. ............................................................................................................... 2. ...............................................................................................................01041 C. Answer the following questions: 1. Why do we need food? ...............................................................................................................2. What is a meal?...............................................................................................................

3. Write names of any two food-items that help us to grow. ............................................................................................................... 4. When do we eat our lunch? ...............................................................................................................D. Write G for foods that help you to grow and H for foods that keep you healthy: 1050

Fun Time Draw and colour any two things that you have for— Breakfast: Lunch: Dinner:01061

UNIT I — OUR BODY3 Healthy HabitsTo keep ourselves fit and healthy we must—t
eat healthy food.


t
take enough rest. t
exercise and play.Keeping Clean Brush your teeth twice a day.Take a bath everyday. 1107 0Wear clean and well ironed clothes.Clean your ears with ear buds. Learn More Never clean your ears using any sharp object. It may damage your ear drum.Teacher’s Note: Make the students understand importance of good habitsfrom an early age. Discuss various good habits and ways of keeping clean.

Trim your nails regularly. Wash hands after visiting the toilet. Keep your surroundings clean. Explore Find out the names of the brands of soap, toothpaste, hair oil and shampoo you use. Eating Healthy Food Eat fresh and good food. Eat from a clean plate. Always wash your hands before eating. Avoid eating junk food. E M EMB E Chew your food well. Eat slowly. Eating fruits Do not talk or watch TV while eating.R and vegetables R Never skip your meals. protects us from various diseases.01081 Taking Enough Rest Do it Yourself All of us get tired after Complete this famous saying: work and play. So we Early to bed .................................... need to take rest. ........................... wealthy and wise. t

Get up early in the morning. t

Go to bed early at night.

t
Sleep for eight hours every night.t
Take a nap in the afternoon. Exercise and Play Play in fresh air. Avoid playing computer and video games for long hours. Exercise everyday to keep fit. Cycling and swimming are good exercises.Besides these, we must develop good habits to stay healthy.Everybody likes a child with good habits.ANSWER TIMEA. Fill in the correct answer:1. Brush your teeth ................... a day. (once/twice) 10902. Always play ...................................... . (in fresh air/video games)3. Sleep for ...................... hours everyday. (six/eight)4. Always eat ............................ food. (healthy/junk)5. Exercise everyday to keep ..................... . (fit/sick)

B. Write any two ways to stay clean: 1. ............................................................................................................... 2. ............................................................................................................... C. Write names of the things that you use to keep your body clean: D. Colour the star red for a good habit and black for a bad habit: 1. Cleaning ears with a hairpin. 2. Playing in fresh air. 3. Trimming nails regularly.02001 4. Eating stale food. Fun Time Flossing removes pieces of food stuck between your teeth. Get a dental floss to the classroom. Request your teacher to show how to floss the teeth.

My Healthy HabitColour the picture: 12010Keep your surroundings clean !Always throw waste in a dustbin.

Grade: PRACTICE SHEET—I Time: 10 minutesTick (✓) the correct answer:1. Which body part helps us to know good or bad smell?(a) Nose (b) Tongue2. For kicking a football we use our:(a) hands (b) legs3. We feel things with our: (b) eyes (a) skin4. For playing and studying we need:(a) food (b) energy5. Which of the food-item helps us to grow?(a) Milk (b) Sugar6. The food which keep us healthy and fit:(a) vegetables (b) bread7. Fruits are eaten: (b) uncooked (a) cooked 8. We should take a bath: (b) any day02021 (a) everyday9. We should avoid: (b) junk food (a) healthy food10. Good exercises are: (a) playing computer and video games (b) cycling and swimming

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US4 Natural and Man-made ThingsWe see different kinds of things around us. These are eithernatural or man-made. Let us know about some natural andman-made things.Natural ThingsThings that are found in nature are called natural things.Tree Sun Water 21030 RockHuman AnimalTeacher’s Note: Make the students identify natural and man-made things on theirown. Discuss their suggestions and derive the features of natural things.

Man-made Things Things like toys, books and bags are made by man. They are called man-made things. Books Toys Car Aeroplane02041 House Bags Explore Visit your school garden and write the names of any 5 natural and 5 man-made things that you see.

ANSWER TIME Help BoxA. Fill in the blanks. Use help box: water 1. Plants and ....................... are natural things. animals 2. ....................... is a man-made thing. man chair natural3. ....................... is a natural thing.4. ....................... things are found in nature.5. Houses and clothes are made by ....................... .B. Draw or paste pictures of: Two natural thingsTwo man-made things 21050

C. Tick (✓) the man-made things: Fun Time Colour only the natural things.02061

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US5 Plants Around UsWe see many plants around us. Most of them are green.PARTS OF A PLANTJust as our body has different parts, a plant too has many parts.Flower, leaf, fruit, bud, stem and root are the parts of a plant. Flower: It produces seeds or fruits.Leaf: It makes food for plant. Learn MoreFruit: It contains seed.Bud: It is the baby flower. We eat different parts of a plant.Stem: It carries food and water to 21070 all parts of the plant.Roots: It holds the plant in the soil. It also absorbs water from the soil.Teacher’s Note: Spend some time with your students in the school garden andshow them different types of plants. Explain the difference between trees, shrubsand herbs.

KINDS OF PLANTSPlants differ in shapes and sizes. Some plants are tall and big, someshort and bushy. Some plants are very weak and thin.Big Plants Learn MoreVery big and strong plants are Paper is made from trees.called trees. They have a thick Do not waste paper.and brown stem called trunk. Save trees.Ashoka Mango Coconut Neem Cotton plantSmall PlantsSmall and bushy plants are called shrubs.They have a thin and brown stem. Rose02081 Hibiscus Jasmine

Very small plants are called herbs.They have a soft and green stem.They grow for one season only.Mint Grass Coriander Brinjal Do it Yourself Try to unscramble the names of some small plants:ORES ..................................... SRASG .....................................TMIN ..................................... TOCNOT ..................................... LAJIRBN .....................................Plants with Weak StemsSome plants have weak stems. They cannot grow straighton their own. Some of them take support to grow. They arecalled climbers. Money plant 21090 Grapevine Peas Beans

Some plants grow along the ground. They are called creepers.Pumpkin Plant Watermelon plantSOME MORE PLANTSWater PlantsLotus and water lily are plants that grow in water. Learn More Plants that grow in water are also called aquatic plants.Lotus Water lilyDesert Plants Some plants grow in the03001 desert. They need very less water to grow. They have thorns on them. Cactus and date palm are desert plants. Cactus Date palmExplore Visit your neighbourhood and observe differentplants and trees. Try to find out their names from your elders.

ANSWER TIME (a) BushyA. Match the following: 1. Trees2. Shrubs (b) Support3. Climbers (c) One season4. Herbs (d) TrunkB. Write names of any two: 1. Big plants .................................. , ..................................2. Small plants .................................. , ..................................3. Water plants .................................. , ..................................4. Desert plants .................................. , ..................................C. Fill in the correct word: 13010 1. ........................ grow along the ground. 2. ........................ have a soft and green stem. Help Box 3. ........................ is a desert plant. 4. ........................ have a thick and brown stem. creepers 5. An example of water plant is ........................ . lotus herbs cactus trees

D. Guess the part of plant: ......................... 1. It grows under the ground. ......................... 2. It makes food for the plant. ......................... 3. It carries food and water to all parts. ......................... 4. It contains seed. ......................... 5. It produces fruit and seeds. E. Draw a plant and label its parts:03021

Fun TimeCollect pictures of different types of plants and make a collagein the space given below: 31030

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US6 Thank You Plants! Most of our food comes from plants. Plants give us fruits, vegetables, cereals and pulses. Fruits Fruits are fleshy and juicy parts of plants. We eat the fruits of many plants. Cherry Mango Apple03041 Banana OrangeGrapesTeacher’s Note: Explain the importance of plants in our lives. Tell the studentsabout the hard work put in by the farmers to grow food for us. Explain to themthat we eat different parts of plants.

VegetablesWe get vegetables from different parts of plants like roots, stems,seeds, flowers, leaves and fruits. Carrot Onion (root) (stem) Spinach (leaf) Peas Tomato (seed) (fruit) Cauliflower Ginger (flower) (stem) ME MB Recite E Vegetables are E very good for health. Tomato, potato, carrotR So eat lots of green R and bean. vegetables in Cabbage and turnip and 31050 vegetables green. every meal. Eat them all without a fuss. As they are so good for us. Do it Yourself Visit a green grocer. Try to identify different fruits and vegetables he has. Find out their names in English and in your local language.

Cereals Cereals are also called food grains. They give us energy. Cereals are seeds of plants. Maize Wheat Rice Jowar Pulses Pulses are also seeds of plants. They help us to grow. We cook pulses before eating them.03061 Gram Urad dal Kabul gram Moong dal Explore See the different types of pulses in your kitchen. Find out their names and try to memorise them.

SpicesSpices add colour, smell and taste to the food.Mustard Red chillies Coriander seeds (Rai) (Lal mirch) (Dhaniya)Cardamom Cinnamon (Elaichi) (Dalchini)Coffee and Tea Turmeric 31070 (Haldi)Coffee, tea and sugar also come from plants. We get coffee from Tea leaves are dried We get sugar from theseeds of coffee plant. and used as tea. juice of sugarcane stem.