Science-02.pdf

Learning 1 S.C. TRIPATHI M.Sc., Ph.D. AVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANY INDUSTRIAL AREA, TRILOKPUR ROAD, KALA AMB-173030, DISTT. SIRMOUR (H.P.) DELHI OFFICE: 1569/30 Naiwala, Karol Bagh New Delhi - 110 005

Published by AVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANY Industrial Area, Trilokpur Road Kala Amb-173030, Distt. Sirmour (H.P.) Delhi Office : 1569/30 Naiwala, Karol Bagh New Delhi - 110 005 (India) Tel.: 28752745, 28752604 Fax: 011-28756921 email: [email protected] © Publishers ISBN–978-81–7739–335–4 ISBN–978-81–7739–340–8 (Set) First Edition: 2012 Price: 80.00 Designed at: Laser Tech Prints Printed at: Capital Offset Bawana Industrial Area, Delhi

It gives me great pleasure in presenting the Series “Learning Science” for Classes 1 to 5. Today the world of science offers us a sweeping story of events occurring around us. In this story, there are fabulous clues to different aspects of life. With this Series I have tried to provide a coherent explanation to the story which naturally attracts P and fascinates young and impressionable minds. Teachers of millions of students are well aware of the effectiveness of the approach which integrates current topics with take-home lessons. They will agree that any student will stick to the lively, vibrant and easy-to-follow descriptions, rather than going by the drab and dreary presentation of hard-core facts as has been the trend R with most of the books. Keeping this in mind, in this series, I have tried to provide learning stimulus to the young learners, so that they dare to venture into the world of science and explore on their own the “cause-and-effect” relationship among the events happening around E them. It will encourage the children to develop critical thinking about the natural world. It stresses more on concept-building rather than on mere rote learning. The salient features of the books are: s 7RITTEN IN SIMPLE EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND LUCID LANGUAGE s 0ROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH DIAGRAMS DESIGNS TO MAKE THE TEXT COMPREHENSIVE F Diagrams are simple, yet attractive, and match the fascination of young and curious minds. s 3UFlCIENT NUMBER OF QUESTIONS EXERCISES IN VARIOUS FORMS GIVEN AT THE END OF EACH chapter. A s -AIN CONCEPTS AND TERMS HIGHLIGHTED IN BOLD PRINTS s %ACH CHAPTER STARTS WITH h+EYWORDSv AND ENDS WITH h,ET US 2ECOLLECTv IN BOOKS 3, 4 and 5. s 4O SUPPLEMENT THE KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS INFORMATION HAS BEEN PROVIDED UNDER THE HEADING h$O 9OU +NOW v FOR CLASSES AND AND h,EARN -OREv FOR CLASSES AND C s ! LARGE NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN GIVEN TO MAKE THE TOPICS CLEAR AND understandable.Besides, students have been encouraged to perform simple EXPERIMENTS ACTIVITIES UNDER THE HEADING h9OUNG 3CIENTISTSv FOR CLASSES AND AND h%XPLOREv FOR CLASSES AND I hope the students and teachers will like the books which will prove useful for E learning science in an interesting manner. ) WISH TO EXPRESS MY HEARTFELT THANKS TO -R .AVEEN 'UPTA OF - S !VICHAL 0UBLISHING Company for his active cooperation, and coordination in bringing about this series. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully acknowledged. S.C. Tripathi

CONTENTS UNIT I: OUR BODY 1. Knowing Your Body 5 &OOD FOR (EALTH 10 (EALTHY (ABITS 17 Practice Sheet-I UNIT II: THE WORLD AROUND US 4. Natural and Man-made Things 0LANTS !ROUND 5S 6. Thank You Plants! !NIMALS !ROUND 5S 40 !NIMAL (OMES AND 4HEIR &OOD 46 Practice Sheet-II 54 UNIT III: OUR ENVIRONMENT !IR 55 10. Water 61 11. Weather 67 5P IN THE 3KY Practice Sheet-III 80

UNIT I — OUR BODY Knowing Your Body 1 Our body has many parts. Read the names of body parts aloud. Head Ear Cheek Forehead Eyes Mouth Neck Nose Chest Shoulder Arm Elbow Stomach Hand Fingers Thigh Knees Leg Learn More 5 100 Foot As we grow up, Heel we become taller and heavier. Toes Teacher’s Note: Draw a human body on the blackboard and label all the parts of the body. Discuss how each one of us differs though we have the same body parts. Talk about the various parts of the body and the five sense organs. Discuss their functions in detail.

Each part of our body is important. We can do many things using different parts of our body. Write Kick Jump Play Eat 100 6 Run Do it Yourself Collect this information about yourself. When you were born At present Your weight: .................... .................... Your height: .................... ....................

Sense Organs We see things around us with our eyes. We smell things with our nose. r nose. Our nose helps us to know ow good smell and bad smell. ll. We hear different sounds with our ears. We taste things with our tongue. Tastes are of four types—sweet, sour, bitter and salty. 7 100 We feel things with our skin. Some of the things we feel could be cold, hot, hard or soft. Explore How do you feel when you touch: 1. your hair 2. your cheeks 3. a stone 4. a table?

ANSWER TIME A. Write the name of the body part used to do the following: 1. To smell a rose ............................... 2. To feel a hot thing ............................... 3. To taste an ice-cream ............................... 4. To run ............................... B. Match the following: 1. See 2. Hear 3. Feel 4. Taste 5. Smell 100 8 C. Write the missing part of the body: The boy has no The girl has no The boy has no .......................... .......................... ..........................

D. Encircle the correct answer: 1. We walk with our legs / arms. 2. We write with our hands / feet. 3. We kick with our feet / hands. 4. We run with our hands / legs. Fun Time Colour picture A if you are a boy and picture B if you are a girl. A B 100 9 Learn this poem by heart to learn the number of your body parts. Ten little fingers and ten little toes, Two little ears and one little nose, Two little eyes, that shine so bright, One little mouth, to kiss mummy good night.

UNIT I — OUR BODY Food for Health 2 We all need food. Food gives us energy. We need energy for all the activities we do, like playing and studying. We need food to live. 100 10 It helps us to grow. It gives us energy. Food makes us healthy and strong. Teacher’s Note: Encourage the students to talk about the different types of food they eat. Explain the importance of each kind of food with respect to good health.

Different Types of Food These foods help us to grow. Fish Eggs Learn More Our body needs a M MIILLKK Pulses lot of water too. We Milk should drink at least eight to ten glasses of clean water everyday. These foods give us energy. Chapati Rice Sugar Bread These foods keep us healthy and fit. Do it Yourself Collect pictures of different types of food and paste them in your note book. Fruits Vegetables 11 100 Eat healthy food. Junk food is bad for health.

Meals We usually have three main meals in a day. We should eat different types of food in a meal. We eat breakfast in the morning. We eat lunch in the afternoon. We eat dinner at night. 100 12 M E M B Learn More E Eat at least E Brunch is a meal which R one meal with your family. R we eat between breakfast A family that and lunch time. It is a eats together, stays late breakfast. together!

Cooked and Uncooked Food Food is cooked before eating. Rice, wheat, pulses and vegetables like potatoes, beans, brinjals, pumpkins are cooked. Cooking makes our food tasty. It makes food soft and easy to eat. We eat some foods uncooked or raw. Some vegetables like cucumber, tomato, carrot, radish, onion are eaten uncooked. 13 100 Most of fruits are eaten raw or uncooked. We must wash fruits and vegetables before cutting or eating them.

ANSWER TIME Help Box eggs morning A. Fill in the blanks. Use help box: junk fruits 1. We should not eat .................... food. dinner vegetables 2. We get .......................... from hens. 3. .................. and ................. keep us healthy and fit. 4. We eat .............................. at night. 5. We eat breakfast in the .............................. . B. Write any two good food habits: 1. ............................................................................................................... 2. ............................................................................................................... Write any two bad food habits that you have and you need to change: 1. ............................................................................................................... 2. ............................................................................................................... 100 14 C. Answer the following questions: 1. Why do we need food? ............................................................................................................... 2. What is a meal? ...............................................................................................................

3. Write names of any two food-items that help us to grow. ............................................................................................................... 4. When do we eat our lunch? ............................................................................................................... D. Write G for foods that help you to grow and H for foods that keep you healthy: 15 100

Fun Time Draw and colour any two things that you have for— Breakfast:reakfast: B L Lunch:unch: D Dinner:inner: 100 16

UNIT I — OUR BODY Healthy Habits 3 To keep ourselves fit and healthy we must— t eat healthy food. t take enough rest. t exercise and play. Keeping Clean Brush your teeth twice a day.y Take a bath everyday. Wear clean and well ironed clothes. Clean your ears with ear buds. 100 17 Learn More N Never clean your ears using any sharp o object. It may damage your ear drum. Teacher’s Note: Make the students understand importance of good habits from an early age. Discuss various good habits and ways of keeping clean.

Trim your nails regularly. Wash hands after visiting the toilet. Keep your surroundings clean. Explore Find out the names of the brands of soap, toothpaste, hair oil and shampoo you use. Eating Healthy Food Eat fresh and good food. Eat from a clean plate. Always wash your hands before eating. Avoid eating junk food. M E M B Chew your food well. E Eating fruits E Eat slowly. R and vegetables R Do not talk or watch TV protects us from various diseases. while eating. Never skip your meals. Taking Enough Rest 100 18 All of us get tired after Do it Yourself work and play. So we Complete this famous saying: need to take rest. Early to bed .................................... t Get up early in the morning. ........................... wealthy and wise. t Go to bed early at night. h

t Sleep for eight hours every night. t Take a nap in the afternoon. Exercise and Play Play in fresh air. Avoid playing computer and video games for long hours. Exercise everyday to keep fit. Cycling and swimming are good exercises. Besides these, we must develop good habits to stay healthy. Everybody likes a child with good habits. ANSWER TIME A. Fill in the correct answer: 1. Brush your teeth ................... a day. (once/twice) 19 100 2. Always play ...................................... . (in fresh air/video games) 3. Sleep for ...................... hours everyday. (six/eight) 4. Always eat ............................ food. (healthy/junk) 5. Exercise everyday to keep ..................... . (fit/sick)

B. Write any two ways to stay clean: 1. ............................................................................................................... 2. ............................................................................................................... C. Write names of the things that you use to keep your body clean: D. Colour the star red for a good habit and black for a bad habit: 1. Cleaning ears with a hairpin. 2. Playing in fresh air. 3. Trimming nails regularly. 100 20 4. Eating stale food. Fun Time Flossing removes pieces of food stuck between your teeth. Get a dental floss to the classroom. Request your teacher to show how to floss the teeth.

My Healthy Habit Colour the picture: 21 100 Keep your surroundings clean ! Always throw waste in a dustbin.

PRACTICE SHEET—I Grade: Time: 10 minutes Tick (✓) the correct answer: 1. Which body part helps us to know good or bad smell? (a) Nose (b) Tongue 2. For kicking a football we use our: (a) hands (b) legs 3. We feel things with our: (a) skin (b) eyes 4. For playing and studying we need: (a) food (b) energy 5. Which of the food-item helps us to grow? (a) Milk (b) Sugar 6. The food which keep us healthy and fit: (a) vegetables (b) bread 7. Fruits are eaten: (a) cooked (b) uncooked 8. We should take a bath: 100 22 (a) everyday (b) any day 9. We should avoid: (a) healthy food (b) junk food 10. Good exercises are: (a) playing computer and video games (b) cycling and swimming

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US Natural and Man-made Things 4 We see different kinds of things around us. These are either natural or man-made. Let us know about some natural and man-made things. Natural Things Things that are found in nature are called natural things.g Tree SunS Water 23 100 Rock H Animal Human Teacher’s Note: Make the students identify natural and man-made things on their own. Discuss their suggestions and derive the features of natural things.

Man-made Things Things like toys, books and bags are made by man. They are called man-made things. Books Toys Car Aeroplane Aeropl 100 24 House Bags Explore Visit your school garden and write the names of any 5 natural and 5 man-made things that you see.

ANSWER TIME Help Box water A. Fill in the blanks. Use help box: animals man 1. Plants and ....................... are natural things. chair natural 2. ....................... is a man-made thing. 3. ....................... is a natural thing. 4. ....................... things are found in nature. 5. Houses and clothes are made by ....................... . B. Draw or paste pictures of: Two natural things Two man-made things 25 100

C. Tick (✓) the man-made things: Fun Time Colour only the natural things. 100 26

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US Plants Around Us 5 We see many plants around us. Most of them are green. PARTS OF A PLANT Just as our body has different parts, a plant too has many parts. Flower, leaf, fruit, bud, stem and root are the parts of a plant. Flower: It produces seeds or fruits. Leaf: It makes food for plant. Learn More Fruit: It contains seed. We eat different Bud: It is the baby flower. parts of a plant. 100 Stem: It carries food and water to 27 all parts of the plant. Roots: It holds the plant in the soil. It also absorbs water from the soil. Teacher’s Note: Spend some time with your students in the school garden and show them different types of plants. Explain the difference between trees, shrubs and herbs.

KINDS OF PLANTS Plants differ in shapes and sizes. Some plants are tall and big, some short and bushy. Some plants are very weak and thin. Big Plants Learn More Very big and strong plants are Paper is made from trees. called trees. They have a thick Do not waste paper. and brown stem called trunk. Save trees. Ashoka Mango Coconut Neem Small Plants Small and bushy plants are called shrubs. They have a thin and brown stem. m. Rose 100 28 Cotton plant Hibiscus Jasmine

Very small plants are called herbs. They have a soft and green stem. They grow for one season only. Mint Grass CorianderCoriande Brinjal Do it Yourself Try to unscramble the names of some small plants: ORES ..................................... SRASG ..................................... TMIN ..................................... TOCNOT ..................................... LAJIRBN ..................................... Plants with Weak Stems Some plants have weak stems. They cannot grow straight on their own. Some of them take support to grow. They are called climbers. 29 100 Money plant Grapevine Peas Beans Peas

Some plants grow along the ground. They are called creepers. Pumpkin Plant Watermelon plant SOME MORE PLANTS Water Plants Lotus and water lily are plants that grow in water. Learn More Plants that grow in water are also called aquatic plants. Lotus Water lily Desert Plants Some plants grow in the 100 30 desert. They need very less water to grow. They have thorns on them. Cactus and date palm are desert plants. Cactus Date palm Explore Visit your neighbourhood and observe different plants and trees. Try to find out their names from your elders.

ANSWER TIME A. Match the following: 1. Trees (a) Bushy 2. Shrubs (b) Support 3. Climbers (c)One season 4. Herbs (d)Trunk B. Write names of any two: 1. Big plants .................................. , .................................. 2. Small plants .................................. , .................................. 3. Water plants .................................. , .................................. 4. Desert plants .................................. , .................................. C. Fill in the correct word: 1. ........................ grow along the ground. 31 100 2. ........................ have a soft and green stem. Help Box creepers 3. ........................ is a desert plant. lotus 4. ........................ have a thick and brown stem. herbs cactus 5. An example of water plant is ........................ . trees

D. Guess the part of plant: 1. It grows under the ground. ......................... 2. It makes food for the plant. ......................... 3. It carries food and water to all parts. ......................... 4. It contains seed. ......................... 5. It produces fruit and seeds. ......................... E. Draw a plant and label its parts: 100 32

Fun Time Collect pictures of different types of plants and make a collage in the space given below: 33 100

UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND USUS Thank You Plants! 6 Most of our food comes from plants. Plants give us fruits, vegetables, cereals and pulses. Fruits Fruits are fleshy and juicy parts of plants. We eat the fruits of many plants. Cherry Mango Apple 100 34 Banana Orange Grapes Teacher’s Note: Explain the importance of plants in our lives. Tell the students about the hard work put in by the farmers to grow food for us. Explain to them that we eat different parts of plants.

Vegetables We get vegetables from different parts of plants like roots, stems, seeds, flowers, leaves and fruits. Carrot (root) Onion (stem) Spinach i S S (leaf) Tomato (fruit) Peas (seed) Cauliflower Ginger (flower) (stem) M E M B Recite E Vegetables are E Tomato, potato, carrot R very good for health. R and bean. So eat lots of green vegetables in Cabbage and turnip and 35 100 every meal. vegetables green. Eat them all without a fuss. As they are so good for us. Do it Yourself Visit a green grocer. Try to identify different fruits and vegetables he has. Find out their names in English and in your local language.

Cereals Cereals are also called food grains. They give us energy. Cereals are seeds of plants. M Maize Wheat Rice Rii Jowar Pulses Pulses are also seeds of plants. They help us to grow. We cook pulses before eating them. 100 36 Urad dal Gram Kabul gram Moong dal Explore See the different types of pulses in your kitchen. Find out their names and try to memorise them.

Spices Spices add colour, smell and taste to the food. Red chillies Mustard (Lal mirch) Coriander seeds (Rai) (Dhaniya) Cardamom Cinnamon (Elaichi) (Dalchini) Turmeric Coffee and Tea (Haldi) Coffee, tea and sugar also come from plants. 37 100 We get coffee from Tea leaves are dried We get sugar from the seeds of coffee plant. and used as tea. juice of sugarcane stem.

ANSWER TIME A. Fill in the blanks: 1. Most of our food comes from ......................... 2. Cereals are also called ..................................... 3. ................................ help us to grow. 4. ........................ are fleshy and juicy parts of plants. 5. Pulses are .................................... of plants. 6. Tea ............................. are dried and used as tea. B. Draw pictures of your favourite fruit and vegetable: Fruit Vegetable 100 38 I love to eat ..................... I love to eat .....................

C. Write names of any two: 1. Fruits .................................. , .................................. 2. Vegetables .................................. , .................................. 3. Cereals .................................. , .................................. 4. Pulses .................................. , .................................. 5. Spices .................................. , .................................. D. Mark a tick (✓) for the correct sentences and a cross (✕) for the incorrect sentences: 1. We get sugar from the juice of the sugarcane stem. 2. We get coffee from coffee leaves. 3. Spices give smell and taste to our food. 4. We can eat pulses without cooking. 5. Cereals give us energy. Fun Time 39 100 Be a chef ! Let’s make a sprout salad Take some sprouts. Mix chopped onions, tomatoes and coriander leaves to them. Add chat masala and squeeze some lemon juice on it. Serve it in an attractive bowl.