Jaiden Scarbrough 2A flipbook (1)

Body Systems Flipbook Jaiden Scarbrough, Beaty 2A

Table of Contents Slide 1-introduction Slide 2-Table of Contents Slide 3-Integumentary System Slide 4-Muscular System Slide 5-Nervous System Slide 6-Special Senses Slide 7-Cardiovascular System Slide 8-Respiratory System Slide 9-Digestive System Slide 10-Urinary System Slide 11-Reproductive System Slide 12-Works Cited

Integumentary Day one:Integumentary system Key Terms: Derm/o,Dermat/o-skin Kerat/o-tissue xer/o-dryness xanth/o-yellow erythr/o-red pedicu/o-finger or toenails onych/o-fungus myc/o-fungus pil/o-hair lip/o-fat rhytid/o-wrinkle albin/o-white Functions:acts as a barrier to the protect the body,retains body fluids, and regulates body temperature Diseases/disorders: Acne:blocked skin follicles caused by clumped oils,bacteria, and dead skin cells Psoriasis:skin disease that causes red, scaly skin that may feel painful,swollen or hot Pemphigus:immune system attacks the healthy cells in the top layer of skin resulting in blisters Ichthyosis:Disorder that causes dry thickened skin similar to fish scales 2 integumentary careers: dermatologist-doctors who have expertise in the care of skin and in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions esthetician-works directly with patients to resolve skin disorders Vocab -epidermis-outer layer of skin Dermis-connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis Keratinization-the hardening of old skin cells Keratin-fiber protein that is the principal component of hair,skin,and nails Hypodermis-composed of adipose tissue, deepest region of the skin Sebaceous glands-epidermal glands that produce an oily secretion called sebum Adipose cells-fat glands Melanin-dark pigment caused by cells called melanocytes Malignant melanoma-cancer of the melanocytes Interstitial fluids-fluids between cells

Muscular Functions:responsible for movement,contractibility, help maintain posture, and h elps to circulate blood throughout the body Diseases and Disorders Muscular dystrophy-the severe weakening of the muscles Tendinosis-degenerative tendon disease Fibromyalgia-Chronic muscle pain Myopathy-weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber 2m uscular careers: Physical Therapist: Performs many therapies like range of motion exercises to ensure full muscle movement Massage Therapist:Treats clients by working directly on muscles to aid in relaxation and optimal functioning Vocab: Contract-to draw together Musculoskeletal-muscular and skeletal systems Flex-to bend Resistance-exercise that involves working your muscles against weight Cardiac muscle-muscle of the heart Extend-to increase in length Skeletal muscle-muscle connected at either end of the bone Ligaments-tissue that connects bone and holds organs in place Endurance:ability or strength to continue or last without becoming tired Bicep-muscle at the front of the upper arm Key Terms My/o-muscle Myel/o-marrow Oste/o-bone Cost/o-ribs Crani/o-cranium -pexy-surgical fixation chondr/o-cartilage arthr/o-joint -plegia-paralysis kinesi/o-study of the mechanics of the body

Nervous System Key terms neur/o-nerve encephal/o-brain myel/o-bone marrow ambul/o-to walk -esthesia-sensation mening/o-meninges psych/o-mind concuss/o-shaken together Functions Receives information about the environment around us and generates responses to that information Vocabulary Central nervous system (CNS)-made up of the brain and spinal cord Somatic nervous system-controls voluntary functions Peripheral nervous system (PNS)-nerves throughout the body Autonomic nervous system-regulates the activity of involuntary actions Neurons-Cells that transmit electrical signals Axon-end of neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body Dendrite-end of neuron that conducts messages towards the cell body Myelin-fatty insulating sheath that surrounds the nerve fibers Synapse-space between two neurons where neurotransmitters travel Hypothalamus-small area of the brain that controls homeostasis Diseases/Disorders Alzheimer's disease-affects brain function,memory, and behaviour Bells palsy-sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles in one side of the face Epilepsy-when nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed causing seizures Multiple sclerosis-immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves Health Care Careers Psychiatrist-diagnosis and treats mental disorders Neurobiologist-studies the biology of the nervous system

Special Senses Key Terms irid/o-iris -cusis-hearing -opia-eye ot/o-ear tympan/o-eardrum ophthalm/o-eye -metry-measure Functions Detects environmental stimuli and transduces their energy into electrical impulses Vocabulary Sclera-protective part of the fibrous layer Iris-colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil Pupil-rounded opening of iris that allows light through Visual Acuity-point of sharpest vision Cataracts-lens becoming hard and opaque Aqueous Humor-clear watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye Fundus-posterior wall of the eye Refraction-light rays being bent when it switches mediums Accomodation-ability of the eye to focus on close objects Myopia-nearsightedness Diseases/Disorders Cataracts-lens of the eye becomes hard and opaque Hemianopia-loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes Myopia-nearsightedness Hyperopia-farsightedness Health Care Careers Optometrist-conducts visual examinations of the eyes, diagnosis and treats conditions of the eyes Audiologist-conducts visual examination of the ears,diagnosis and treats conditions, diseases, and disorders of the ear

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular system Key terms Cardio-heart Angio-blood vessels hem/o-blood Brady-abnormally slow Tachy-abnormally fast Thrombro-blood cot -emia-blood condition leuko- white blood cell Erythro-red blood cell arterio-artery Functions -Circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide -provides cells with nutrients Vocabulary Aorta-largest artery in the body Arteriole-small artery Diastole-relaxation phase of the heartbeat Deoxygenated blood-blood that is oxygen poor Endocardium-inner lining of the heart Myocardium-muscular middle layer of the heart Pericardium-double layered membrane surrounding the heart Pulse-beat of the heart Venule-small vein Ventricle-one of the two lower chambers of the heart Diseases/Disorders Arrhythmia-Abnormal heart rhythms Coronary Artery Disease-Narrowing of the coronary arteries Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)-When blood flow to the heart is stopped or severely reduced Peripheral Artery Disease-Occurs when fat and cholesterol deposits build up in the peripheral arteries Health Care Careers Non-Invasive Cardiologist-Focuses on detention and treatment of heart diseases using external tests Invasive Cardiologists-Uses open or minimally invasive surgery to identify or treat structural or electrical abnormalities within the heart structure

Respiratory System Respiratory System Key terms: bronch/o-bronchus cyan/o-blue laryng/o-larynx -oxia-oxygen Oxy-oxygen pleur/o-pleura pneum/o-pertaining to breathing pulmon/o-pulmonary thorac/o-thoracic trache/o-trachea Functions: Network of organs and tissues that helps you breathe,absorbs oxygen,cleans waste such as carbon dioxide Vocabulary: Mucus-protective secretion of the mucus membrane Alveoli-tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood Nasal Cavity-the cavity behind the nose and above the mouth that filters air and moves mucous Larynx-voice box,passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea Trachea-one of the tubules forming the respiratory system Bronchi-the passages that branch from the trachea and direct air into the lungs Lungs-two spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity responsible for respiration Bronchioles-progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways Respiration-the metabolic processes where energy is obtained from organic molecules Breathing-passing air in and out of the lungs Diseases/Disorders Asthma-constantly inflamed airways that may cause spasms,causing wheezing and shortness of breath Pneumonia-an infection of the alveoli,usually by bacteria or viruses Tuberculosis-pneumonia that slowly gets worse caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Emphysema-When the fragile links between the alveoli are damaged Careers Respiratory Therapists-Cares for patients with respiratory issues Pulmonologist-Diagnoses and treats patients with lung problems and diseases

Digestive System Digestive System Key Terms: cholecyst/o-gallbladder enter/o-intestine col/o,colon/o-colon hepat/o-liver gastr/o-stomach or/o-mouth -pepsia-digestion chol/e-bile proct/o-rectum Function: Turns food into energy and nutrients to allow the body to grow, function, and repair itself. Vocabulary: Amylase-enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches Peristalsis-Contractions that move food throughout the digestive system Esophagus-the passage between the pharynx and stomach Epiglottis-a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing Pharynx-passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx, throat Saliva-mixture of water,mucus,and amylase produced in the mouth for chemical digestion Mouth-opening for food, beginning for the digestive system Gastrointestinal tract (GI)- Long winding path from mouth to anus Chemical digestion-the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks Mechanical digestion-the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces Diseases/Disorders Peptic Ulcers-Open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A chronic condition that causes pain in the large intestine such as cramping,bloating,gas,diarrhea,and abdominal pain Constipation-Infrequent bowel movements Hemorrhoids- A swollen vein or groups of veins in the region of the anus Healthcare Careers Gastroenterologist-a physician who specializes in diseases of the digestive system including esophagus,stomach,and intestines Proctologist-a physician who specializes in diseases of the rectum and anus

Urinary System Urinary System Key terms: cervic/o-neck salping/o-fallopian/eustachian tubes ov/o-egg orchid/o-testes oophor/o-ovary men/o-menstruation mamm/o-breasts gynec/o-female colp/o-womb prostat/o-prostate glands Functions: Filters blood and creates urine Vocabulary: Renal Artery-blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney Renal Vein-blood vessel that carries blood away Renin-hormone secreted by the kidneys that raise blood pressure Ureter-one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to urinary bladder Urethra-tube leading from urinary bladder to outside of the body Uric acid-nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine Urinary bladder-muscular sac that holds and stores urine Nephron-functional unit of the kidney where filtration,reabsorption and secretion take place Glomerulus-tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney Filtration-process where substances pass through a filter Diseases/disorders Interstitial cystitis-scarring and sores in the bladder walls Kidney failure-buildup of waste in the body due to deterioration of kidney function Urinary tract infection-bladder and urethra lining becoming inflamed Kidney stones- Health Care Careers Urology-Provides medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract Nephrologists-Internal medicine of the urinary system

Reproductive System Reproductive System Key Terms: Cervic/o-neck salping/o-fallopian tubes ov/o-egg orchid/o-testes oophor/o-ovary men/o-menstruation mamm/o-breasts gynec/o-reproduction colp/o-vagina prostat/o-prostate glands Function: To reproduce offspring Vocabulary: Gonads-male reproductive glands Sperm-male reproductive cells Endometrium-the mucous membrane that lines the uterus Progesterone-a steroid hormone produced in the ovary Estrogen-female steroid sex hormones Uterus-a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females Hormone-secretion of endocrine glands transmitted by the blood Ovary-One of two organs that produce ova and secretes estrogen and progesterone Pubis-one of three sections of the hipbone Urethral-urethra Careers: Reproductive Biologists-study reproduction Gynecologists-Health maintenance and diseases of the women reproductive system Diseases/disorders: Endometriosis-Disorder where tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus Sexually Transmitted Diseases-An infection transmitted by sexual contact HIV-Virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact and interferes with the body's ability to fight diseases Interstitial Cystitis-A chronic painful bladder condition

Works Cited https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/ anatomy-of-the-urinary-system https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidn eys-how-they-work https://www.livescience.com/22616-respiratory-system.html https://www.webmd.com/lung/how-we-breathe