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SAFETY PRACTICES & SPORTS INJURY MANAGEMENT SAEM, KELLY BRYAN HUMMS 11-J

COMMON SPORT INJURY SPORTS INJURIES ARE INJURIES THAT OCCUR WHEN ENGAGING IN SPORTS OR EXERCISE. SPORTS INJURIES CAN OCCUR DUE TO OVERTRAINING, LACK OF CONDITIONING, AND IMPROPER FORM OR TECHNIQUE. FAILING TO WARM UP INCREASES THE RISK OF SPORTS INJURIES. STRAIN A STRAIN IS WHEN A MUSCLE IS STRETCHED TOO MUCH AND TEARS. IT IS ALSO CALLED A PULLED MUSCLE. A STRAIN IS A PAINFUL INJURY. IT CAN BE CAUSED BY AN ACCIDENT, OVERUSING A MUSCLE, OR USING A MUSCLE IN THE WRONG WAY. SPRAIN A SPRAIN IS A STRETCHING OR TEARING OF LIGAMENTS — THE TOUGH BANDS OF FIBROUS TISSUE THAT CONNECT TWO BONES TOGETHER IN YOUR JOINTS.

FRACTURE A FRACTURE IS A BREAK, USUALLY IN A BONE. IF THE BROKEN BONE PUNCTURES THE SKIN, IT IS CALLED AN OPEN OR COMPOUND FRACTURE. FRACTURES COMMONLY HAPPEN BECAUSE OF CAR ACCIDENTS, FALLS, OR SPORTS INJURIES. DISCLOCATION A DISLOCATION IS AN INJURY IN WHICH THE ENDS OF YOUR BONES ARE FORCED FROM THEIR NORMAL POSITIONS. THE CAUSE IS USUALLY TRAUMA RESULTING FROM A FALL, AN AUTO ACCIDENT, OR A COLLISION DURING CONTACT OR HIGH- SPEED SPORTS. CONCUSSION A CONCUSSION IS A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY THAT AFFECTS YOUR BRAIN FUNCTION. EFFECTS ARE USUALLY TEMPORARY BUT CAN INCLUDE HEADACHES AND PROBLEMS WITH CONCENTRATION, MEMORY, BALANCE AND COORDINATION. CONCUSSIONS ARE USUALLY CAUSED BY A BLOW TO THE HEAD.

INJURY 1. first aid DRSABCD 2. On field STOP 3. Off field TOTAPS

DRSABCD DRSABCD D - Danger CHECK FOR ANY DANGERS TO YOURSELF, ANY BYSTANDERS, AND THE INJURED PERSON. DO NOT PUT YOURSELF IN HARM'S WAY TO ASSIST ANOTHER PERSON. R - Response CHECK WHETHER THE INJURED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS. COMMUNICATE IN A LOUD VOICE. IF THERE IS A RESPONSE, PROCEED TO STOP. IF THERE IS NO RESPONSE, PROCEED THROUGH SABCD S - Send for Help IF THE SITUATION CALLS FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES, SEND/SHOUT/SUMMON SOMEONE FOR HELP. DIAL THE EMERGENCY HOTLINE AND ANSWER THE OPERATOR'S QUESTIONS.

A - Airway IF THE PERSON IS RESPONDING, THEY ARE CONSCIOUS AND THEIR AIRWAY IS CLEAR, ASSESS HOW YOU CAN HELP THEM WITH ANY INJURY. IF THE PERSON IS NOT RESPONDING AND THEY ARE UNCONSCIOUS, YOU NEED TO CHECK THEIR AIRWAY BY OPENING THEIR MOUTH AND HAVING A LOOK INSIDE. IF THEIR MOUTH IS CLEAR, TILT THEIR HEAD GENTLY BACK (BY LIFTING THEIR CHIN) AND CHECK FOR BREATHING. IF THE MOUTH IS NOT CLEAR, PLACE THE PERSON ON THEIR SIDE, OPEN THEIR MOUTH AND CLEAR THE CONTENTS, THEN TILT THE HEAD BACK AND CHECK FOR BREATHING. B - Breathing CHECK FOR BREATHING BY LOOKING FOR CHEST MOVEMENTS (UP AND DOWN). LISTEN BY PUTTING YOUR EAR NEAR TO THEIR MOUTH AND NOSE. FEEL FOR BREATHING BY PUTTING YOUR HAND ON THE LOWER PART OF THEIR CHEST. IF THE PERSON IS UNCONSCIOUS BUT BREATHING, TURN THEM ONTO THEIR SIDE, CAREFULLY ENSURING THAT YOU KEEP THEIR HEAD, NECK AND SPINE IN ALIGNMENT. MONITOR THEIR BREATHING UNTIL YOU HAND OVER TO THE AMBULANCE OFFICERS. C - C P R (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) IF AN ADULT IS UNCONSCIOUS AND NOT BREATHING, MAKE SURE THEY ARE FLAT ON THEIR BACK AND THEN PLACE THE HEEL OF ONE HAND IN THE CENTRE OF THEIR CHEST AND YOUR OTHER HAND ON TOP. PRESS DOWN FIRMLY AND SMOOTHLY (COMPRESSING TO ONE THIRD OF THEIR CHEST DEPTH) 30 TIMES. GIVE TWO BREATHS. TO GET THE BREATH IN, TILT THEIR HEAD BACK GENTLY BY LIFTING THEIR CHIN. PINCH THEIR NOSTRILS CLOSED, PLACE YOUR OPEN MOUTH FIRMLY OVER THEIR OPEN MOUTH AND BLOW FIRMLY INTO THEIR MOUTH. KEEP GOING WITH THE 30 COMPRESSIONS AND

D - Defibrillator FOR UNCONSCIOUS ADULTS WHO ARE NOT BREATHING, APPLY AN AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED) IF ONE IS AVAILABLE. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS AND PICTURES ON THE MACHINE, AND ON THE PACKAGE OF THE PADS, AS WELL AS THE VOICE PROMPTS. IF THE PERSON RESPONDS TO DEFIBRILLATION, TURN THEM ONTO THEIR SIDE AND TILT THEIR HEAD TO MAINTAIN THEIR AIRWAY. SOME AEDS MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR CHILDREN. DANGER RESPONSE SEND FOR HELP AIRWAY BREATHING CPR DEFIBRILLATOR

S - Stop THE INJURED ATHLETE IS STOPPED FROM FURTHER PARTICIPATING AND THE GAME IS STOPPED ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. T- Talk TALK TO THE INJURED ATHLETE. WHAT HAPPENED? HOW DID IT HAPPEN? WHAT DO THEY FEEL? WHERE DOES IT HURT? DOES IT HURT ANYWHERE ELSE? HAVE YOU INJURED THIS PART BEFORE? O - Observe OBSERVE THE INJURED ATHLETE AND THE OBSERVE AREA. OBSERVE THE INJURY: ANY SWELLING? ANY DIFFERENCE COMPARED TO THE OTHER SIDE/LIMB? OR TENDERNESS WHEN TOUCHED? IF THE PLAYER CAN MOVE THE INJURED PART: DOES MOVING HURT? IS THE RANGE OF MOVEMENT RESTRICTED? COMPARED TO NORMAL OR TO THE OTHER SIDE/LIMB, HOW DOES IT FEEL?

P - Prevent Further Injury YOU MUST ASSESS THE LEVEL OF THE INJURY: MINOR INJURY - PLAY ON BUT MUST ALSO UNDERGO PRICER TREATMENT. LESS SEVERE INJURY - APPLY THE PRICER TREATMENT ON THE ATHLETE SEVERE - CALL FOR AN AMBULANCE

TOTAPS TOTAPS T - Talk TALK TO THE ATHLETE IN ORDER TO GATHER AS MUCH INFORMATION ABOUT THE INJURY AS POSSIBLE. IT'S IMPORTANT TO GATHER INFORMATION AROUND THE SYMPTOMS OF THE INJURY, WHICH MIGHT INCLUDE: PAIN OR OTHER THINGS FELT SUCH AS GRATING OR CRACKING. O - Observe OBSERVE THE INJURED AREA. COMPARE OBSERVE BOTH LIMBS/SIDES OF THE BODY TO DETERMINE SIGNS OF INJURY (OBVIOUS ABNORMALITIES, SWELLING, REDNESS, BLOOD, ETC.) IF THE SIGNS EXIST, THEN ASSESSMENT IS STOPPED AND FIRST AID IS APPLIED. T - Touch TOUCH THE INJURED AREA TO SEE WHERE THE PAIN BEGINS MOVING ALONG THE LIMB OR INJURED SIDE TOWARDS THE SITE OF INJURY. IF AN ABNORMALITY OR EXCESSIVE PAIN EXISTS WHEN TOUCHED, THEN ASSESSMENT IS STOPPED AND FIRST AID IS APPLIED.

A - Active Movement ASK THE INJURED ATHLETE TO MOVE THE INJURED AREA TO SEE IF THEY HAVE FULL RANGE OF MOTION AROUND THE INJURED SITE AND THAT THE MOVEMENT IS PAIN FREE. PLACE A HAND ON THE INJURED AREA TO FEEL FOR ANY GRATING DURING THE MOVEMENT. IF EXCESSIVE PAIN EXISTS, ASSESSMENT IS STOPPED AND FIRST AID IS APPLIED. P - Passive Movement YOU MOVE THE INJURED AREA FOR THE INJURED ATHLETE, APPLYING FORCE TO THE AREA SUCH AS PULLING OR PUSHING THE JOINT AS WELL AS MOVING THE JOINT THROUGH ITS FULL RANGE OF MOTION. IF THERE IS NO PAIN AND THERE'S FULL RANGE OF MOTION THEN THE NEXT STEP APPLIES. BUT IF THE INJURED ATHLETE REPORTS PAIN OR A LACK OF MOBILITY, THEN ASSESSMENT IS STOPPED AND FIRST AID IS APPLIED. S - Skill Test ASSESSES THE INJURY TO DETERMINE IF THE INJURED AREA CAN UNDERGO THE FORCES OFTEN FOUND IN THE SPORT BEING PLAYED. SKILLS TESTS ARE SPECIFIC TO THE SPORT AND PROGRESS FROM BASIC LOW INTENSITY MOVEMENTS TO THE FASTER, MORE POWERFUL AND FORCEFUL ACTIVITIES, FROM NO EQUIPMENT TO FULL RANGE OF EQUIPMENT. IF A PLAYER FAILS BECAUSE OF PAIN, THEN FIRST AID IS APPLIED. MOST INJURIES BY THIS POINT AREN'T LIKELY TO BE SERIOUS ONES.

INJURY

PRICER PRICER



NO HARM (NO) (NO) (NO) (NO)

INJURY



STAY HEALTY & SAFE EVERYDAY SAEM, KELLY BRYAN