Body Systems 7th grade

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Body Systems By Aishu Shivkumar Period 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3BIntegumentary System: ​act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. Italso functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products,and regulate body temperature.2 diseases ● Acne vulgaris A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles plug with oil and dead skin cells Symptoms include: Uninflamed blackheads to pus-filled pimples or large, red, and tender bumps. ● Eczema A skin condition in which there is inflammation of the skin Symptoms include: itchy , red, cracked, or dry skin.Structures ● Epidermis ○ the superficial thinner layer of skin which is composed of kertatinized stratified squamous epithelium ● Dermis ○ A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the Epidermis ● Hypodermis ○ Connective tissue and adipose tissue between the Dermis of the skin and deep2 occupationsDermatologist- specalizes in disorders of the skinPlastic surgeon- surgery of the skin, can be cosmetic or due to trauma.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3BMusculoskeletal system: ​The body's bones (the skeletal system), muscles(muscular system), cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissuethat supports and binds tissues and organs together comprise the musculoskeletalsystem. Most importantly, the system provides form, support, stability, and movement tothe body.2 disorders ● Arthritis ○ Inflammation of one or more joints causing pain and stiffness that worsen with age ● Muscular dystrophy ○ A group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle massStructures ● Bone marrow- material found in the cavities of bones ● Vertebral column- made up of bones called the vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs through. ● Clavicle- collarbone ● Sternum- breastbone2 occupationsDentist- specializes in teeth, fixes and repairs the teeth and hygene of the mouthOrthopedic surgeon- focuses on surgery and repair for the bones.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Nervous SystemFunction- T​ he nervous system has three general functions: a sensory function, aninterpretative function and a motor function. Sensory nerves gather information from inside thebody and the outside environment. The nerves then carry the information to central nervoussystem (CNS).Key Terms:⦿ neur/o - nerves⦿ encephal/o - brain⦿ myel/o - marrow⦿ ambu/o - walk⦿ -esthesia - ability to feel sensations⦿ mening/o - meningies⦿ psych/o - mind⦿ concuss/o - shaken togetherStructures: ● Neuron: ○ The cells that carry information through your nervous system. It has a large cell body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and one axon. ● Brain ○ It is located in the skull. It is the part of the central nervous system that controls most functions in the body. ● Spinal Cord ○ The thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B2 Diseases/Disorder ● Agraphia ○ an inability to convert thought into writing ● Alexia ○ inability to understand the written languageHealthcare Careers ● A​ psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes. ● A Neurologist is a specialized physician who takes care of the nervous system and the brain.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Special SensesFunction: t​ he special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted tothem: vision hearing and balance smell taste The distinction between special and generalsenses is used to classify nerve fibres running to and from the central nervous systemStructures:eyeThis is the organ of sight. Some of its parts are the cornea, iris, lens, optic nerve, pupil, andretina.taste budsAre spherical receptor cells found mainly in the epithelium of the tongue and are responsiblefor the sense of tastetouchTouch, one of the five senses, is defined as thesense by which physical objects are felt; tactilesense.The earIs an organ of hearing and balance. It can be divided into the outer ear, middle and inner ear.Diseases/ DisordersHyperopiafarsighted. eyeball too short. convex lens fixesAstigmatismcornea is not perfectly uniform. correction by cutting lens from cylinderCarrers

Aishu Shivkumar 3BOptomolosgist-​Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy,physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgicaleye problems.otolaryngology-​ Ot​ olaryngology is the area of medicine that deals with conditions ofthe ear, nose, and throat (ENT) region.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Cardiovascular SystemFunction- ​permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones,and blood cells to and from cells in the body to nourish it and help to fight diseases, stabilizebody temperature and pH, and to maintain homeostasis.Structures:hearta hollow, muscular organ that pumps bloodthroughout the bodyaorta- the largest artery in the body- receives blood from the left ventriclearteriesblood vessels that carries blood away from theheart.veinsblood vessels that carry blood back to the hearthealth care careersHematologist- ​Physicians specialized in hematology are known as hematologists orhaematologists. Their routine work mainly includes the care and treatment of patients withhematological diseases, although some may also work at the hematology laboratory viewingblood films and bone marrow slides under the microscope, interpreting various hematologicaltest results and blood clotting test results.Cardiologist- d​ octor with special training and skill in finding, treating and preventing diseases of theheart and blood vessels.

Aishu Shivkumar 3BDiseases/DisordersBradycardia- a​ lso known as bradyarrhythmia, is a slow heart rate, defined as a heart rate ofunder 60 beats per minute in adults. Bradycardia typically does not cause symptoms until therate drops below 50 BPM. When symptomatic, it may cause fatigue, weakness, dizziness, andat very low rates, fainting.Heart attack-​ Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heartattack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Respiratory SystemFunction- ​supply oxygen to all the parts of your body. It accomplishes this throughbreathing: inhaling oxygen-rich air and exhaling air filled with carbon dioxide, which is awaste gas.Structures:alveoli-​ ​air cells of the lungDiaphragm-​ m​ usculomembranous partition that separates thethoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.larynx​-​musculocartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea andbelow the root of the tongue that houses the vocal cordsDiseases and disordersasthma​-A​ disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing,bronchitis-​ ​Inflammation of the bronchial membranesHealthcare careers-pulmonologist,​ or pulmonary disease specialist, is a physician who possesses specializedknowledge and skill in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary (lung) conditions and diseases.A cardiothoracic surgeon ​is a medical doctor who specializes in surgical procedures of theheart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest. This includes surgeons who can becalled cardiac surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, general thoracic surgeons, and congenitalheart surgeons.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Digestive SystemFunction-​ ​break food down into chyme for the body's use, to secrete and absorb nutrients andbodily fluids into the gastrointestinal tract or the blood, and to store and eliminate waste.Structures:​tongueorgan that mixes food in the mouthstomachone of the two anatomical regions involved in the physical breakdownof food, organ in which protein digestion beginssmall intestineorgan responsible for most food and water absorption, organ into which the stomach empties,organ that receives pancreatic juice and bileDiseases/Disorders:Cholelithiasis- G​ allstones are hard deposits in your gallbladder. Gallstones may consist ofcholesterol, salt, or bilirubin, which is discarded red blood cells. Gallstones range in size. Theycan be as small as a grain of sand or as large as an apricot.Hepatitis​- H​ epatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or canprogress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most commoncause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certaindrugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis.Healthcare Careers-Gastroenterologist- ​ p​ hysician with dedicated training and unique experience in themanagement of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.Hepatologist- ​specialist who diagnosis and treats disorders of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and biliary tree. It is a considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, which studiesthe digestive systems as a whole.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Urinary SystemFunction:​ ​remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a stable balance ofsalts and other substances in the blood; and produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids theformation of red blood cells.Structures-kidneyOne of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filtersnitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.ureterOne of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.urethraTube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.Diseases/Disorders:Urinary Tract Infection- a​ n infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder orurethra. Symptoms include pain, fatigue, cramping and frequent urination.Nephrolithiasis- ​A small, hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful whenpassed. Can have blood in urine and sharp pains.Health care specialistsNephrologist- ​a medical doctor that specializes in kidney care and treating diseases of thekidneysUrologist-A​ physician who has specialized knowledge and skill regarding problems of themale and female urinary tract

Aishu Shivkumar 3B

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Reproductive systemFunction: The female reproductive system has two functions: The first is to produce egg cells,and the second is to protect and nourish the offspring until birth. The male reproductive systemhas one function, and it is to produce and deposit sperm. The reprouctive system makesoffspring.Health Care ProfessionsGynecologist:​ A physician who specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductiveorgans and providing well-woman health care that focuses primarily on the reproductive organs.Obstetrician:​ doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a woman's reproductivesystem. Although other doctors can deliver babies, many women see an obstetrician, alsocalled an OB/GYN.

Aishu Shivkumar 3B Citations\"Digestive System Diagram - /medical/anatomy/digestive/Digestive_system_diagram.png.html.\"Digestive System Diagram - /medical/anatomy/digestive/Digestive_system_diagram.png.html.N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.<h​ ttp://www.wpclipart.com/medical/anatomy/digestive/Digestive_system_diagram.png.html​>\"Chapter 37: The Human Urinary System.\" L​ eavingcertbiology.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.<h​ ttp://www.leavingcertbiology.net/chapter-37-the-human-urinary-system.html​>.