Toolbox Talk Folder - ebook

Occupational Health OH1:Asbestos – what to do if it is found • Licensed Asbestos removal will then take place through a Licenced and approved Specialist Asbestos Removal Company. Insulation within structural walls Crushing,breaking or cutting concrete structures. There are two types of survey under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012: • Management survey - A management survey is the standard survey and will often involve minor intrusive work and some disturbance. • Refurbishment and demolition survey – This survey is fully intrusive and involves destructive inspection to gain access to all areas. All documentation from reports, surveys and client documents need to be made available for all contractors on-site! Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. Where on-site can asbestos often be found and can all types affect your health? Q2. Can I get information when I get on-site about potential asbestos and if so what? Q3. What should you do if you suspect that asbestos has been disturbed in your work area?

Occupational Health OH2:Control of Noise The Management of noise on Construction sites Types of hearing protection: is a legal requirement under The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. There are a number of different types of hearing protection available, mainly ear defenders Noise is generated through work operations on- (muffs) or ear plugs are available for use. site and is classed as a ‘nuisance’. Reduce the Noise generated at source Once you are exposed to noise as a risk, your before resorting to hearing protection! hearing will not come back to normal for certain frequencies and durations of exposure gained, Roll down Helmet Mounted therefore your hearing will deteriorate and not Ear Plugs Ear Muffs recover, eventually leaving you deaf. Passive Ear There are three levels of noise which Muffs are measured in decibels - dB(A) and require, from the regulations, actions Selection of the right hearing to be taken: protection: At all levels assessments must take place to • Do we know the noise level we are establish the noise level from information about exposed to? The SNR is key!! The SNR the process or through noise monitoring. (Signal to Noise Ratio) is the stated sound attenuation exposure and is stated in Lower exposure Level – 80 dB(A) – db(A). At the lower exposure level, hearing protection Check the rating and this will give you the can be made available as a last resort, with the db(A) protection level. correct training, but it is best to control the noise generated at source EXAMPLE: SNR 27 will reduce 90db(A) exposure to give 63db(A) exposure when Upper exposure Level – 85 dB(A) - wearing. At the Upper Exposure Level it is mandatory • Check the machine/equipment or use to wear hearing protection, designated hearing zones are clearly set up with signage noise monitoring to assess the level of and monitored. However it is best to control exposure. the noise at the source before resorting to protection zones. • Select compatible protection if being used with other PPE. Does it feel comfortable Exposure Limit Value 87 dB(A) – for the person doing the work? The regulations through noise assessments • Can the items be stored so they are free require, that no-one shall be exposed to this from debris and dirt which could level of noise and that work can only proceed if the levels at source and by using protection zones and hearing protection (as the last resort) have been set in place.

Occupational Health OH2:Control of Noise Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What level of noise exposure in decibels needs reduction or protection in the first instance? A. At 80db (decibels) hearing protection needs to be available at 85db it is mandatory. Q2. What should be done first before even considering the use of hearing protection? A. Assess whether the noise level can be reduced from the source first

Occupational Health OH3:Control of Vibration - HAVs The Management of vibration from handheld All tools will have guidance on the vibration tools and equipment on Construction sites exposure and should give a guide time for use is a legal requirement under The Control of in an 8 hour shift. The four above factors can Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. affect the exposure levels given with the tools or equipment. Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is an illness that is caused by operating handheld In many cases, companies and employers power tools that transmit the vibration from the will do a guidance sheet for all employees work process into workers hands and arms. to check exposure times. These should be communicated to the user so that they know HAVS is a Construction Industry wide disease what their Maximum Daily Exposure Level for affecting tens of thousands of workers to each piece of equipment is: various degrees. It mainly affects the hands of workers. It is commonly known as Vibration White Finger, which can be very painful and results in the loss of the ability to grip. Record the daily dose for each user and submit the records weekly so the Employer has a record: EAVs (exposure action values) are daily exposure levels, which if reached or exceeded require action to be taken to reduce the risk. ELVs (exposure limit values) are daily exposure Full Daily Record Sheet can be found in SD4. levels that (with some exceptions) must not be exceeded. “Daily exposure” is defined as Remember - Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome “the quantity of mechanical vibration to which a is a disease, once you have it there is no worker is exposed during a working day”, which cure! is normalised to an 8 hour reference period. Ask these to confirm understanding: • Use of tools or equipment for longer than the recommended daily exposure limit. Q1. What is HAVs and what effects can it have on an individual’s health? • Poor maintenance of tools and equipment increasing vibration in the tool. Q2. What do you need to know about the equipment you are using and what do you • Use of vibrating tools in cold weather for need to do? long periods with no breaks. • Using tools with poor attachments that may be worn so gripping is tighter and more force is used.

Occupational Health OH4:Face Fit Testing – When and Why? The Construction and Engineering industry sweet or sour taste into the hood. uses many substances and creates dust, fumes and other harmful atmospheres where workers • The user will be asked to breath and then are exposed to inhalation items which can lead move when breathing to ensure a tight fit. to respiratory problems. During the test items such as: • PPE should be offered as a potential solution, after the risk assessment has • Breathing, head movement when wearing considered other alternatives such as the mask, talking, positions such as local ventilation and potential alternative bending and moving the head from side to products and methods to control dust, side are checked. vapours, fumes and direct exposure for individuals. • Individuals respond and the mask usually will be ok for the individual if no taste is • Dust masks are often the recommended gained from the spray used during the solution for materials data sheets for test. products and Coshh assessments carried out on-site. • Beards, glasses and use of other PPE when wearing the mask are also • With this in mind, selection of the right considered, especially fascial hair, as this mask for the right job and even individual can hinder the protection offered. preference has to be considered. On completion of the test the individual will FFP3 (face fit protection 3) rated masks are be given: usually the recommended minimum for anyone who could be potentially exposed to RCS • A face fit test record document for the site/ (Respirable Crystalline Silica). company (Face Fit Test Record) How the test is carried out? • Often, a certificate of testing by the third- party assessor will also be issued to the The test for Face Fitting of dust masks should individual and this is often required to be be carried out by a trained and approved produced on-site and will relate to the assessor. work task risk assessment. The record needs to state the recommended type of mask and often the supplier type tested. Additional tests for Dust filters and particle exposure with gas and vapours offer alternative protection systems other than the EN149 – FFP types. These are usually marked with EN141, EN 143 and EN 405 standards. The assessor will carry out tests using a hood, various masks (FFP1-3) and a sweet or sour spray. • Includes wearing the required protection mask. • Tests for any leakage through spraying a

Occupational Health OH4:Face Fit Testing – When and Why? Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. How are the tests carried out and why? A. The tests are carried out by an assessor who asks you to wear the required mask, with a cover hood and sprays a ‘taste’ into the hood to ensure it protects you. The law requires that anyone exposed to fumes, vapours and dust are protected during their work. Q2. What records are produced and are often asked for by the client/contractor? A. Individuals are asked to produce a record showing the type and protection of masks needed to protect them during the work operation. This is often linked to the risk assessment for the work type.

Occupational Health OH5:Leptospirosis – Weil’s Disease This form of bacterial infection is commonly The risk of infection is small – but known to be carried by animals and is often you should always take sensible transmitted to humans from contact directly to precautions: contaminated water or urine from the animal. THINGS TO CHECK AND DO TO Some believe that the main transmission of this PREVENT EXPOSURE: disease is from rats, but a form of Leptospirosis (known as Weil’s disease) can be transmitted • Ensure all cuts, scratches and sores or from cattle to humans. any open skin wounds are covered with a medical dressing e.g. plaster or bandage. Symptoms: • Wash your hands before eating, drinking The first symptoms offered from potential or smoking and after you have finished infection are flu-like. This includes getting working. persistent headaches and ‘chills’ (hot and cold feelings). • Wear protective equipment (PPE) provided such as gloves and boots. More severe symptoms include vomiting and muscle pains, with a potential for the body to • Make sure there are sufficient washing form jaundice and even kidney failure. facilities on-site before you start work. What to do if you think you may be • Ensure you visit your GP if you have infected: any symptoms and if diagnosed from exposure, ensure you inform your If caught early enough, the disease can be supervisor or manager immediately. treated by your GP, with the symptoms often occurring between 3 and 21 days from the initial THINGS THAT COULD EXPOSE YOU: infection. • Do not encourage the presence of vermin It is therefore recommended that if you – keep the site tidy and dispose of all knowingly are exposed and gain symptoms that rubbish correctly. you go straight to your GP who can do a very quick test. • Do not handle dead rats with unprotected hands; wherever possible use a shovel or If left untreated, Leptospirosis can lead to other tool. serious ill-health and in extreme cases, it has the potential to be fatal. • Do not be tempted to drink water on-site unless it has been provided for drinking. • Do not wear any clothing that could have been contaminated or have come into contact with animal urine, especially from rats. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What can cause Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) and how can you protect against it? Q2. What symptoms can you get and what should you do if you think you have been exposed?

Occupational Health OH6:Protecting Your Eyes Unlike broken limbs which can usually heal, damage to the eyes can be permanent. Every day, people lose their eyesight because of an accident at work, and it usually happens when they are not using correct eye protection. Correct eye protection reduces the chances of injury and reduces the severity of the injury if an accident does occur. Safety glasses will protect the eyes from: In addition to safety glasses, eyewashes may be provided. • Flying objects and particles that may be thrown from equipment with considerable force • Contaminated material or hazardous liquids such as hydraulic fluids • Gases and vapours Dusts and powders • Fumes and mists that can irritate the eye • Equipment and other objects such as ropes, tools and tree branches Light eye BS EN 166 If operators do get a foreign object in their eye, protection grade B impact an eye flushing application may be necessary. Operators should not attempt to remove the protection. object if it is not visible or easily accessible. Eye protection should be used at all times when If an attempt is made, hands should be washed working. and sanitized. If the foreign object cannot be removed or flushed out, the operator should Light eye protection offered and required seek medical attention that same day. on most sites today does not offer impact protection. Scar tissue starts to form within 24 hours, causing additional pain and requiring more The examples above show that an ‘impact treatment. rated’ eye protection set of goggles or full face mask, with a BS EN 166 rating should be worn Though operators often feel they can handle when doing any concrete or similar cutting, a simple eye injury on their own, they should sawing, breaking or drilling. seek the proper medical treatment if the foreign object is not flushed out immediately. Special eye protection may be required for A seemingly minor eye injury, left untreated, can specific operations such as welding, handling become very serious and end up causing a lot hazardous chemicals and using pneumatic or of pain. powder actuated tools.

Occupational Health OH6:Protecting Your Eyes Eyes are a very important part of the body and should be protected wisely. If an operator does not like the eye protection provided, he or she should talk to a manager or supervisor to suggest another product that will work better. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What do safety glasses protect the eyes from? Q2. Why is it important to seek immediate medical attention after an injury to the eye?

Occupational Health OH7:Psittacosis – Pigeons Disease You will have heard of Leptospirosis or Weil’s It typically causes flu-like symptoms (fever, disease in rats and the flu like symptoms that headache, muscle aches) but can lead to are an early warning sign. severe pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Other animals also may cause you to become ill. One animal we frequently come across, Diagnosis of Symptoms: work, in cities, ralway stations and so on are pigeons, this animal carries the illness In people, this disease typically resembles the psittacosis also known as parrot fever flu or pneumonia. The biggest problem is their unpleasant Symptoms usually begin approximately 10 days droppings, to say the least, and disgusting if after exposure, but they may take as few as you are in the wrong place at the wrong time. four days or as many as 19 days to show up. Diagnosis of the disease in humans can be confirmed by serological testing in which blood samples are tested for antibodies. The treatment once diagnosed is treated with antibiotics, which will usually take between 10 to 24 days to clear the symptoms. These droppings gradually dry up and may get Although human disease may often be mild turned to dust, which is then stirred up when or moderate, it can be severe especially when you sweep up; this is why we insist you wear a untreated in elderly or immunocompromised face mask when sweeping up. individuals. In old, deserted buildings there may be a build- Most people who are treated for Psittacosis (or up of pigeon droppings and feathers, which will Parrot fever) make a full recovery and it very be unhealthy, so if you come across anything rarely causes death in humans. like that, tell your supervisor who will cordon it off. Ask these to confirm understanding: Take great care on new sites when we are Q1. What areas of work may lead to demolishing buildings to make way for new exposure to Psittacosis on Construction works, or if we have to retain the facade. sites? As with any outdoor activity, always wash your A. Any structure or surface and any hands before eating or smoking and don’t leave demolished existing structures debris clothing lying around at work. where pigeons have secreted droppings or urine such as concrete structures, bridges, How it can affect you: tunnels and passages and shelves or ledges. Transmission of disease from birds to humans occurs mainly through inhalation of airborne Q2. What are the symptoms that can lead to particles from respiratory secretions, dried being diagnosed with Psittacosis? faeces, bird’s urine and even feather dust. A. Flu like symptoms aches and pains to muscles and joints and even pneumonia in severe cases. Q3. What precautions should you take if working in a potentially exposed area where

Occupational Health OH7:Psittacosis – Pigeons Disease the Psittacosis may exist? A. Ensure that the area has been cleaned thoroughly. If working in an area where potential dust from droppings and contact with such structures exists wear a full face mask to prevent breathing in particles. If necessary, wear a full-body suit to protect yourself. Wash hands and exposed body areas on completion of the work and ensure any clothes exposed are cleaned thoroughly.

Occupational Health OH8:RCS – Respirable Crystalline Silica (Dust) Crystalline Silica is a base component of soil, and suggests silica is currently the second most clay, sand, shale, slate, granite and many other important cause of occupational lung cancer materials, including components used to make after asbestos. concrete and mortar. Quartz is the most common form and offers minute particles that, if inhaled, can lead to respiratory problems over time. Many construction products such as concrete RCS exposure without dust suppression blocks, pre-cast concrete units, bricks and in- can be massive as the example situ concrete finishes such as hard standings, photograph (left) shows, the dust, if not kerbs and walls include materials that offer controlled can be hard to control and the components which when breathed in by minute RCS (Respirable Crystalline individuals, can lead to respiratory issues and Silica) particles cannot be seen in the illnesses. cloud created. Coin used to How should we control the risk from indicate size RCS? The dust shown is the amount of ‘particulates’ Dust is created when concrete or similar that can be found in ‘Dust’ created by cutting quartz-based products are cut or drilled during Concrete which are classed as Respirable Construction work operations. Control can be Crystalline Silica, the particles that can cause offered by: respiratory problems if inhaled over a period of time. • Reducing the requirement to cut or drill any product or area on-site The extent of the problem with RCS: • Reduce the dust generated through wet Serious health effects can result from exposure dust suppression, from mains water, to RCS. This is because fine RCS particles can portable pressurised bottle systems or with penetrate deep into the lungs and can cause: a mechanical water flow system giving uninterrupted positive pressure water feed • Lung cancer direct to the device used. • Silicosis (which can increase the risk of Where dust creating potential RCS (Respirable lung infections such as tuberculosis (TB)) Crystalline Silica) cannot be avoided and controlled through engineering or mechanical • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease means, such as local extraction or dampening (COPD). down, then the correct RPE (respiratory protective equipment) must be provided. Recent HSE-funded research1 has suggested that over 650 construction deaths from silica- • The RPE must be used regardless of local related lung cancer occurred in Great Britain in exhaust ventilation and/or dampening 2004. down equipment being used This equates to 12 construction workers a week • Individuals will be required to prove ‘Face Fit Testing’ for the particular RPE

Occupational Health OH8:RCS – Respirable Crystalline Silica (Dust) recommended in their method statement and risk assessment. FFP3 (face fit protection 3) rated masks are usually the recommended minimum for anyone who could be potentially exposed to RCS (Respirable Crystalline Silica). Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What is RCS and where does it come from? Q2. What are the best methods to use to control exposure to RCS when cutting, sawing or breaking?

Occupational Health OH9:Slurry Burns Concrete is the worlds most widely used Roughness and dryness of the hands after building material. Workers in every sector of working with concrete is a typical consequence the construction industry handle cement, wet of losing these oils and fats. More prolonged concrete and slurry daily. exposure can result in irritant dermatitis and in extreme cases burning and skin burns which As with most materials, there are risks involved can leave life changing appearances. in handling or working with cement or mixes made using cement. To safeguard against accidental exposure, appropriate protective equipment should be Cement is a complex combination of worn. Rubber gloves should be worn to prevent compounds that includes minute quantities direct contact with skin. Trousers should overlap of trace elements. When cement comes into boots, not be tucked in. contact with water, a chemical reaction called hydration takes place and produces a fluid that is very strongly alkaline (pH greater than 13). Human skin is a vital organ composed of a complex structure containing fats and oils that make it supple and waterproof. In its natural state, skin is slightly acidic with a pH of about 5. When fresh concrete or concrete bleed water meets skin, the alkalis react with the oils and fats in the skin as well as with the proteins in the skin itself causing a rash effect. Apply hydrophobic alkali-resistant barrier creams to hands and any areas of skin likely to be in contact with fresh concrete. Ordinary barrier creams are likely to be inadequate. Protective clothing should be washed daily and kept free of concrete. Any areas on clothing that have been accidentally splashed with wet concrete should be washed as soon as possible using plenty of clean water. Tips for Treating Slurry Burns: • Carefully remove any clothing that has been soiled with wet concrete. • Rinse the affected skin with cool, clean water. • Use the patches provided in burns kits as they have cooling agents in them.

Occupational Health OH9:Slurry Burns • If the first aid kit has a ‘jelly’ based coolant apply this and monitor • If the skin is treated soon enough (before lesions have formed), vinegar can be added to the rinse water to neutralize the alkalis, using half a bottle of vinegar to one bucket of water. • Call the emergency services and ensure the individual has a source of cooling water to apply at any time if itching or burning is felt These precautions may be ineffective if the skin itself is not clean and free of concrete residue. Even a tiny trace of cement dust that remains in contact with wet skin will raise the pH of skin significantly. For this reason, some authorities recommend the use of disposable gloves and discourage reusable gloves. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What effects can happen if you are exposed to slurry contact on-site? Q2. What do you need to do if slurry or cement comes into contact with your clothing or even you’re skin?

Work Equipment Safety

Work Equipment Safety WS1:Check Your Tools Before Use PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Loose head Regulations) requires anyone using work to hammer equipment to carry out checks to ensure the equipment is in good condition and safe to use. The definition of work equipment is very broad Damaged and good and includes: condition screw-driver heads • Hand tools – such as hammers and chisels Chisel head mushroomed • Handheld battery-operated tools – such as drills Battery powered hand tools – • Hand-held electric tools – such as grinders • Check the date of the last test including the charger – PAT • Handheld hydraulic operated tools – such as breakers • Check for leakage form the batteries, the charger housing and cables • Handheld petrol tools – such as disc cutters • Check the locking head and operation buttons are intact and in good condition. • Hand-held cartridge operated tools – such as a nail cartridge gun • Use the correct drill ‘bit’, check its secure by using the correct locking device • Had held electric tools – • The PUWER regulations also include regular checks to be made to large items • Check the date of the last test – PAT (this of plant and equipment driven or used on- should be 3 monthly) site. • Check the voltage of the item – it should • Checks should be made daily and more be 110v than once a day when breaks or shifts are taken. • 110v leads and connector heads need to be yellow on-site • These should be before first use also to ensure nothing has happened to the • Check for frayed or damaged cables and equipment during any period of none use. that cables are not exposed The following pictures represent items of • Ensure the guard is secure and in the right handheld equipment that were being used on position Construction sites and the types of checks needed to ensure the equipment is safe to use: • Check that all operational buttons and emergency stop buttons are working Rust to adjustable spanner

Work Equipment Safety WS1:Check Your Tools Before Use Hydraulic (air) powered tools – and stop buttons, guards. • Check that the machine has been tested for condition in the last six months and that this is on the site register • Check hoses are not cut or damaged when setting up • Check that compression joint connectors fit tight and do not allow for air escaping • Check that ‘whip – check’ chains are in position when used. Petrol operated handheld tools – • Check the machine has been tested in the last six months • Check the guards, handle, hose connections and operational buttons including the emergency stop button are in good order. • Check that the blade being used or any attachment is for that equipment and that the correct tools are available to change the blade or cutting item. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What do we as the user need to do and check for with work equipment according to PUWER? A. You should be competent to use the equipment, check it has been maintained and do pre-checks on any equipment before using it. Q2. What tools and equipment are covered by the PUWER regulations? A. All tools and equipment including hand tools, electric, petrol, hydraulic, battery and cartridge powered tools, as well as large items of plant and equipment. Q3. What checks need to be made to electric, petrol, hydraulic or battery equipment? A. Leads, power type, re-fuelling, connection hoses, battery charger, start

Work Equipment Safety WS2:Electricity and Electric Tools PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment • All Construction site electrical equipment Regulations) and The Electricity at Work will use an 110v source only. Regulations give guidance for implementing controls on Construction sites where electricity • All cables used to supply power to the and electric tools are used. equipment will be 110v and will be yellow in colour on Construction sites. Injury prevention includes controlling work operations using electrically powered tools so Examples of poor controls and what that injuries do not occur. Such injuries from to check for: electrical hazards include: • Damage (apart from light scuffing) to the • Electric Shock, which can often lead to supply cable, including fraying or cuts. electrical burns. • Damage to the plug or connector, eg the • Fires, leading to burns, often caused casing is cracking or the pins are bent. through over-heating. • Inadequate joints, including taped joints in • Arcing, caused by electricity being passed the cable; through a conductive path often by ‘jumping’ which can lead to electric shock • The outer sheath of the cable is not or burns to individuals. effectively secured where it enters the plug or the equipment. • Explosion, which can cause serious burns due to excessive currents in the electrical system or feed cables. All equipment used is required to have a 3 monthly re-test and display label with every electrical item of equipment used on-site (stated in HSG107 (Third edition) from HSE – Maintaining Portable Electrical Equipment). Examples include (name these items): All electrical equipment should be checked • Evidence would be if the coloured when it arrives on-site – even if new. insulation of the internal • All items, even if new, will be required • Cable cores were showing to have PAT (portable appliance testing) carried out, on first use (as new) or at • The equipment has been subjected to intervals not exceeding 3 months. conditions for which it is not suitable, eg it is wet or excessively contaminated • Damage to the external casing of the equipment • Loose parts or screws

Work Equipment Safety WS2:Electricity and Electric Tools • Evidence of overheating (burn marks or discolouration). What if the only tools available are greater than 110voltage? On occasion, a tool or item may be required to be used on-site because it requires a greater power source – say 240v, with no alternatives available. Often, operations such as welding and cutting using specialist equipment may require a greater source than 240v, up to 415v. The colour coding used for distribution equipment, such as cables is as follows: Violet 25 volts White 50 v Yellow 100-130 v Blue 220-240 v Red 380-415 v Black 500-650 v • The power supply for 240 colt equipment must be fed through a safety device in addition to the fuse (for example an RCD (residual current device)) which will cut the power surge to the individual and not just the equipment should the equipment fail. • Where 415v supplies are used, usually with generators, then these items will be required to be earthed at the point of work. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. When should electrical equipment be tested and by who? Q2. Give examples of the types of faults that can be easily identified from daily pre-use checks made?

Work Equipment Safety WS3:Lifting Equipment and Accessories Unsafe and unplanned lifting operations have led to several incidents and even accidents in Construction year on year. The Planning, control and monitoring of these works are essential as these are high risk and often critical activities on Construction sites. Lifting operations cover items including plant • Even if a colour tagging system is used, (including forklift trucks and telehandlers), the supplier/company using the equipment mobile elevated work platforms, cranes, vehicle/ must produce the in date test and lorry loaders (such as HIAB), electric hoists, inspection certification for both the lifting gin wheels, gantry cranes and other specific equipment and all accessories. work equipment which may be modified such as excavators used for lifting. The LOLER regulations require all equipment and accessories used for lifting operations to be formally inspected, tested and maintained – For the lifting equipment itself (for example a crane): Every 12 months For accessories used to assist in lifting operations: Every 6 months For lifting equipment that will be used to lift people: Every 6 months • Many companies use a ‘colour-coded tagging’ system to indicate the six month test period for accessories. This should show the SWL (Safe working load) details. • All items must be easily identified through the equipment or accessory identification number. This must be stated on the test and inspection certification for identification. “If there is no test and inspection certificate – the equipment or accessory cannot be used on-site”!

Work Equipment Safety WS3:Lifting Equipment and Accessories Everyone on-site needs to be aware of all There are many other items associated with equipment and accessories used to include: the planning, control and monitoring of lifting operations which also come from PUWER • The sub-contractor or contractor who had (Provision and Use of Work Equipment ordered/hired the equipment Regulations 1998) as this is all about controlling work equipment. • The Principal contractor who authorises the safe system of work and lift plan for Ask these to confirm understanding: lifting operations Q1. What types of lifting accessories are • The competent and approved lifting available for use during lifting operations? operations team – A. Slings (and straps/strops), shackles, • The AP (appointed person), chains, eye bolts, wire slings, rope (used The Machine Operator, The Lift for ‘tag’ lines), hooks, lifting beams and on Supervisor, The Slinger Signaller occasions ‘one lift’ slings’. • Any other operatives involved in Q2. What details are required to be shown to lifting operational ancillary and the site and should be on each item of lifting support work. accessory? A. The test and inspection certificate. An identification number and the accessories safe working load (SWL) should be stated. Some sites use colour coding for in date tested equipment. Q3. How often lifting accessories should be checked for testing under LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations? A. Every six months •

Work Equipment Safety WS4:Lifting Operations – Planning & Control Unsafe and unplanned lifting operations have Complex Lift led to several incidents and even accidents in Construction year on year. The Planning, This is a lifting operation which may require control and monitoring of these works are more than one type of lifting equipment to essential as these are high risk and often critical be used to carry out the lift, or when load activities on Construction sites. enhancement equipment is used, lifting of persons or when the lifting operation is at a LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting location with exceptional hazards e.g. lifting Equipment Regulations) require that all lifting heavy machinery to roof height with overhead operations are planned prior to commencement cables. and that a LIFT PLAN (safe system of work) is produced for any lifting operation during construction and demolition on-sites. Lifting operations on-site can be defined into three categories of lift: Basic: Lifting operations where the weight of the load(s) can be simply established and there are no significant hazards within the working area or on the access route to the working area. The LOLER regulations require all equipment and accessories used for lifting operations to be formally inspected, tested and maintained – Intermediate Lifts: For the lifting equipment itself (for example a crane): Every 12 months Formally known as a “standard lift”. A lifting For accessories used to assist in lifting operation where there are significant hazards, operations: Every 6 months either within the working area of the lifting For lifting equipment that will be used to lift equipment or on the access route to the people: Every 6 months working area. Intermediate Lifts include delivery of site accommodation, large materials to be Lifting accessories include - slings (and straps/ lifted to roof height. strops), shackles, chains, eye bolts, wire slings, rope (used for ‘tag’ lines), hooks, lifting beams and on occasions ‘one lift’ slings’ The competent and approved lifting operations team will be CPCS Construction Plant Certification Scheme) or NPORS (National Plant Operators Registration Scheme) qualified • The AP (appointed person) – must visit the site and plan the lift based on the type of

Work Equipment Safety WS4:Lifting Operations – Planning & Control equipment, the ground and access to be used and the load to be lifted. • The Lift Supervisor – will control the lift on-site from the instructions and lift plan prepared and offered by the AP. • The Machine Operator – will control the lifting operation from instruction both from the lift supervisor and the slinger/ signaller • The Slinger Signaller – will rig and then assist in banking and monitoring the load itself during the lifting operation • Any other operatives involved in lifting operational ancillary and support work will also need to be briefed and advised of the lift plan in use prior to being involved. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What needs to be in place for any lifting operation and what are the three types generally? A. An approved lift plan. Three types of lift are basic, intermediate and complex. Q2. What three periods of time are related to lifting equipment and lifting accessories for test dates? A. Equipment such as a crane every 12 months, every six months if used for lifting people (such as in a man basket or cage) and every six months for lifting accessories – shackles, slings etc. Q3. Who should be involved in the lifting team and what competencies should they hold? A.The AP (Appointed Person), the Lift Supervisor, the Slinger Signaller and the Operator. CPCS or NPORS are the two main recognised competencies on construction sites.

Work Equipment Safety WS5:LPG, Petrol and Compressed Gases LPG (Liquefied petrolium gas), petrol and other • Know what to do in an emergency, make compressed gases used on-site need to be sure suitable fire-fighting or exclusion carried in a safe manner both in vehicles and zones are in place, especially when when being used on Construction sites. handling or moving the cylinders. Controlled storage of these bottles and • Do not lay cylinders on their side and containers is vital: only use effective lifting equipment when moving them. If handling can’t be avoided, • LPG – store in an upright position and check the weight and route. ensure it is secured to prevent the storage bottle from falling over. • Petrol – needs to be in a suitabley fire resistant container with a secure lid and ideally a funnel to allow for spillage control when pouring. • Other compressed gases – some gases used on-site need to be secured in a trolly and attachments such as gas guns, torches and feed hoses need to be kept neat and secure with the gas bottles. LPG and Compressed Gases • Treat every cylinder as being full and handle carefully • Ensure cylinders are either caged or set onto a stillage which should allow for the bottles to be secured – use of a chain or rachet strap is usually sufficient. • If being transported, use of a stillage or security frame is the best method to Petrol and Others Fuels prevent the cylinder from falling over and never lie the cylinders on their side as they • Make sure the container used is fire proof and can be stored in a holding frame or will roll. container box, so that it does not move or • Always secure the cylinder in an upright fall over when being transported. position when in use on-site and do not leave as shown in the picture below as • Use a container box and/or a spill tray or the cylinders can fall over and potentially mat to ensure any potential leakage is release gas or substances that could harm contained. individuals or even explode. • Make sure that the cap to the holding • Inspect each cylinder and bottle to ensure container is working and in place and security caps are in place and that valves ensure containers are suitably marked and hoses, including attachments such as with the contents if not in a ‘Jerry or petrol jubilee clips or ‘whip checks’ are in good can’ that will recognise the content straight condition. away.

Work Equipment Safety WS5:LPG, Petrol and Compressed Gases Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. How should cylinders and gas bottles be stored both on-site and on a vehicle when being transported? A. They should be secured in a cage or holding frame or stillage, they should be upright and only moved once the load weight is known. Q2. What else needs to be checked when using LPG or compressed gas cylinders? A. Security caps are in place, hoses, valves and check fixing such as jubilee clips and whip check holding chains are in place. • When re-fuelling, only use designated re- Q3. What precautions should be taken fuelling areas on-site, and make sure drip when using petrol or fuel on-site or when trays or mats and spill kits are available for transporting? any potential spillages. A. All containers need to be suitable for the • Ensure that the vehicle carrying the petrol fuel such as a Jerry can or container for or fuel has suitable fire-fighting equipment petrol, the container needs to be secured available, as with on-site use and re- and no leakage created. Spill mats and fuelling use. drip trays are to be used when re-fuelling and fire-fighting equipment needs to be available.

Work Equipment Safety WS6:Safe Use of Quick Hitch Devices As most demolition attachments used will before use to ensure that they are fully also require the fitting of Hydraulic lines it is greased and that all locking and moving recommended that the quick hitch is checked parts are in good condition by the operator. as the hoses are attached. The operator is ‘key’ to this work operation and needs to understand Further checks to be made by the the following before proceeding: operator: • Ensure the operator can identify the type • Ensure the Quick Hitch is correctly of quick hitch device. Is it fully automatic matched to the pin size and spacing of or semi-automatic. the attachment and that the locking cam is fully home completely securing the pin. • Ensure the operator is familiar with the safe operating procedures for the • Test the Quick Hitch connection before particular type of Quick Hitch. putting the machine to work. • Ensure the operator has seen and read • For all semi-automatic QH devices it the manufacturers operating manual. is vitally important that the safety bar Ensure a copy of the manual is kept in the is inserted correctly and secured in machine cab at all times. accordance with the manufacturers guide lines. Semi-automatic quick hitches: • Ensure the device is inspected regularly NOTE – many sites will not allow for semi- and maintained in accordance with automatic quick hitch systems to be used on- manufacturer’s guidelines. site due to the operator having to leave the cab to insert the retaining pin on the machine. • Enter details of inspection into the machine record book. This very often does not take place as the operator uses the semi-automatic locking • When fitting attachment hoses ensure the system only. Check with your site first before machine back pressure is reduced and using this type of equipment. that adequate precautions are in place to contain any spills of leaks. Automatic quick hitches: • Keep the hose connections clean, report Automatic systems can be operated entirely and replace any damaged hoses. from the cab and usually have an independent automatic locking system that does not rely on • When used with High Reach Demolition hydraulic pressure to hold the latch in its closed rigs it is recommended that a Fully position. Automatic or direct pinned attachment be used. All quick hitch systems must be checked

Work Equipment Safety WS6:Safe Use of Quick Hitch Devices Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What three things does the operator using the quick hitch system need to prove or have before use? A. An understanding as to the type of quick hitch system used with the machine, automatic or semi- automatic. A proven understanding of the type of quick hitch in use and the available operator’s instruction manual for the machine. Q2. What can often lead to sites not allowing the use of semi-automatic quick hitch systems being used on Construction sites? A. The operator has to leave the cab and insert the locking pin on semi-automatic quick hitch systems; this is often not done and the operator relies on the semi locking system to hold the item in place, which has led to some deaths on-site from falling plant items not being attached correctly. Q3. What inspections should also be made by the operator of such plant? A. All fittings and hoses are complete and in good condition. That locking pins and systems operate smoothly and that all items in the inspection are recorded at each item change and daily when in use.

Working at Heights

Working at Heights WH1:Fall Arrest or Fall Restraint Harnesses provide a good alternative to solve always check the suppliers or manufacturers working at height access and protection issues. handbook or operating instructions to be They are used in many areas besides working absolutely sure. at height situations, such as confined space work or work that is being carried out in a When harnesses are required for use, such as MEWP. with scaffolding, when scaffolders are erecting or dismantling a structure, they are always The Working at Height Regulations 2005 and trained on how to put a harness on. This is also the Personal Protective Equipment at Work the case with confined space training and IPAF Regulations 1992 both recognise harnesses, who offer MEWP training. lifelines, lanyards and inertia reels (self- retracting life-lines) as being an important Check with an individual before offering them a option but: harness and if they need assistance to put one on, get a trained and competent individual to • A full assessment of risk should help. be considered first with alternative preventative measures used instead of The steps above show good practice when Harnesses and their accessories. putting on a harness. • Harnesses and their accessories are PPE and should always be used as a last resort. • Harnesses and their accessories are often used as a secondary measure to prevent someone from falling, such as when in a MEWP basket. The rules regarding harness use on MEWPS The individual above is not! can often be confused. There are many types of fall arrest and fall restraint items available for use with harnesses; This individual is incorrectly secured to the the important thing is to consider: basket rail, and not to the provided fixed point in the basket! • How far is the fall going to be? The ‘rule of thumb’ is that any mobile ‘cherry • Does the area require an individual to be picker’ will always require the wearing of a ‘restrained’ harness and that the use of a scissor lift will not, however, the recommendation from IPAF is to

Working at Heights WH1:Fall Arrest or Fall Restraint A lanyard should only be used if the fall is Ask these to confirm understanding: greater than the expected full release of the lanyard pack – this is known as ‘arresting the Q1. What is the ’rule of thumb’ that we fall’. should follow when using harnesses with MEWPS? A ‘bungee’ or restraint line is used to restrict the movement of an individual from a fixed place A. Always wear a harness in a mobile of work. Fixed ‘life-lines’ can often be rope with cherry picker and only use in a scissor lift if carabiner hooks to the harness. recommended in the supplier’s handbook or manufacturer’s instructions. An inertia reel or ‘block’ is used to act as a seat belt, if an individual moves suddenly it will lock Q2. What are the main two factors to be and restrict the movement of anyone attached considered when selecting the harness and to the reel. attachment types? A.How far is the fall going to be potentially and does the individual wearing the harness need to be restrained from falling. Q3. When can short line attachments and/ or self-restraining attachments be used with harnesses? A. A short line ‘bungee’ harness is useful to restrain the distance but allow for short movement in an area whilst an inertia reel or block will lock if a sudden movement is had by the wearer to ensure they cannot go any further (like a seatbelt).

Working at Heights WH2:Safe Use of Ladders With the introduction of the Working at Height Ladders should be checked so that they meet Regulations 2005, Construction introduced new the BS EN 131 standard and this will be shown and highly effective measures to help short with the display information showing the BS EN duration working at height work. standard. The best practice now is: • BS EN 131 - duty rating 150kg (23.6 stone). • In the first instance erect and use a Scaffold, MEWP, or access platform. Ladders that form a part of a scaffold or false work should be included in the scaffold and • If this is not reasonably practicable, then temporary works/excavations register and need use a Podium step. not be added additionally to the ladder register. • As a last resort use a ladder or Step Setting Up & Position Ladder ladder – but only if the work is for less than 30 minutes in one position (HSE guidance • Ensure ladders are stacked flat or upright INDG 403 – safe use of ladders and step to avoid twisting ladders). • Ladders should be locked so that no Falls from height accounted for 19 fatalities and unauthorised user takes them 581 major injuries during 2013-2014 within the construction industry. • Check all rungs and stales are not covered with paint or damaged. The majority of falls on construction sites can be attributed to the use of ladders. These accidents are usually due to the misuse or error by the operative rather than faults in Ladders. Misuse includes overreaching, no safeguards, working from excessively long or unsecured ladders. Ladders in use require three main • When setting a ladder in position two checks when in use: operatives should be involved so that one can ‘foot the ladder’ for short durations in • A check by the user every time the ladder use, or until it is secured. is used • Check that the base is flat and stable for • A display to prove that the ladder has been the ladder. tested and checked in the last 12 months • Set the ladder at a 1 out 4 up ratio • Details on a display ‘tag’ to show a weekly (approx. 75 degrees). inspection

Working at Heights WH2:Safe Use of Ladders • Ensure 1 metre is above any step off point Ask these to confirm understanding: or working platform. Q1. What needs to be checked by the user • Never use packaging or timber off cuts to before using the ladder? support one side of the ladder as it may become unstable A. Has it been checked in the last 12 months and does the display tag state this • Always secure the ladder at the top and and the condition of the ladder to include if possible, at the bottom (subject to rungs, position, breaking ground). Q2. What can cause a ladder to become • Use rope or clamps to secure the top and unstable when in use? ensure these are checked regularly by the user. A. Incorrect angle, unstable ground, no lashings or fixings, over-loading or over- • Set a rest platform for any ladder climbed reaching at every 9 metres. • Do not overreach when on a ladder. • Only carry items in tool pouches or bags. • Items of up to 10kg can be carried, but individuals still always need to have 3 points of contact

Working at Heights WH3:Safe Use of Scaffolding All tube and fitting scaffolding must be designed • Check that no materials are blocking and erected by competent people unless the walkways and access to the scaffold. scaffold is a ‘basic scaffold’ detailed in BS EN 12811-1 or TG 20 which is issued through • Check the ladder is tied and secure. the NASC (National Access and Scaffolding Confederation). • Check that there is a gate to access the working platform. Most people needing to gain access to a scaffold expect the scaffold to be in good condition and to stay in the state required to meet the standards. However, often, operatives on-site are tempted to remove or modify items on a scaffold if something is ‘in the way’ or causing conflict with their work – “No Scaffolding should be removed unless Guardrails: it is done by a trained and competent scaffolder” Set at least 950mm high from working platform with no vertical gap between toe-board and Check the base of the scaffold first. handrails greater than 470mm. Check the scaffold to see if any scaffold tubes are corroded, bent, or look as if they have been struck by a load or item of plant. Visual checks can be made by anyone using the scaffold. Many people look directly up at the working platform of a scaffold and then gain access. The base of the scaffold is the most important Metal mesh brick- guards must be provided part as this holds the rest of the structure: if materials are stacked above the toe-board height. • Base Plate and Sole board : These need to be in place under each The gaps shown in the picture should be standard (vertical tube). covered or boards closed together to prevent materials dropping below. The metal plate with a spigot for distributes the load and the sole board Proprietary systems: helps spread the load on soft or uneven ground. If a solid base is used, then a sole board may not be required, but a base plate should always be in place. • Ensure that the ‘Scafftag’ or that a similar inspection tag is displayed • READ THE TAG – before gaining access, (such as cup lock, haki and kwik-stage) which the date shown should not exceed 7 days ‘lock’ when installed. from the last inspection – if so, remove the They look exactly like tube and fittings. All tag to show the prohibition sign and give it standards should be the same as above. straight to the site manager or scaffolder.

Working at Heights WH3:Safe Use of Scaffolding Façade Bracing: Fitted to the front of standards diagonally - full length height to every 5th bay or more if designed. Ledger Bracing: Must be fitted between the inside and outside standards in every other bay. All diagonal bracing is needed to ensure the scaffold does not ‘sway’ or move in either direction when in position. Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What features need to be checked on the scaffold first before gaining access to it? A. Check the base, base plates and soul boards and that the ground is stable. Also, check that the scafftag has been completed as checked in the last seven days. Q2. What features should be checked on access routes and on the working platform itself? A. The ladder and opening are secure and clear and that the guardrails are at least 950mm above the platform edge and that no gap is greater than 470mm between toe boards and inter-mediate guardrails. Q3. What other features help to keep the scaffolding sturdy and secure when built? A. Secure couplers to each tube and diagonal bracing to stop movement of the structure.

Working at Heights WH4:Safe Use of Steps and Podium Platforms In 2005 new regulations for Working at Height • The podiums need to be on a flat level were introduced in the UK as shortfalls were surface. still being reported before 2005 as one of the top three major and minor injury causes on • The base on the left can be adjusted for Construction sites. this where- as the step ladder type needs to be set on a firm level ground. Coupled with this, many ‘quick’ jobs on construction sites were often not planned and • The erection instruction should be step ladders were often used instead of access displayed on the system or in a booklet. platforms due to the time it took to erect them. PASMA – (Prefabricated Access Suppliers With the introduction of the Working at Height and Manufacturers Association) who offer Regulations in 2005, Construction introduced benchmark training for the erection and new measures to help short duration working at dismantle of mobile tower platforms have also height work. The best practice now is: introduced a category for Podium Steps. • In the first instance erect and use a PAS 250 approved podiums meet benchmark Scaffold, MEWP, or access platform. standards set for strength, access, stability and rigidity and provide an acceptable level of • If this is not reasonably practicable, then protection for product users. use a Podium step. As a last resort use a ladder or step ladder • As a last resort us a ladder or Step ladder is often the chosen solution. HSE guidance – but only if the work is for less than 30 document INDG 403 states the use of step minutes in one position (HSE guidance ladders as: INDG 403 – safe use of ladders and step ladders). “Use step ladders in one position for work lasting up to 30 minutes in duration” Other safe ‘working at height systems’ are available for use such as airbags or nets, but the three-stage hierarchy above is useful as a guide. Podium steps are a good alternative • Always open step ladders fully – locking for use for working at Height: the stay bars The two systems shown below are either • Check that the base is flat and stable for gated or have a step ladder with a three-sided the steps protection platform allowing for protection to the user. • Do not set the knees above the top platform to enable contact when in position for stability • Do not push or force from the working surface as the step ladder can be pushed over

Working at Heights WH4:Safe Use of Steps and Podium Platforms In many cases step ladders are used by Ask these to confirm understanding: individuals on their own. The image above shows the steps at 90 degrees to the unit and Q1. What two types of podium platforms can not side-on. This allows the user to be stable be used and what should they have on them when using any pressure or force on the work for identity? without causing the ladders to fall from pushing actions. A. A gated podium and a step type with a platform and handrails. A tag to identify the inspection. Q2. When can step ladders be used and how long is this recommended for by the HSE? A. As a last resort when a Podium or better platform cannot be used. 30 minutes in one position. The picture above working position could cause an issue when working alone, so a second person holding the ladder is required to prevent any forced pressure to send the step ladders over. Checking and Testing: Podium platforms and step ladders need to be checked annually and this should be recorded in a site register and displayed on the item. Additional ‘tagging’ of step ladders and podium steps will also be required. The storage of podium platforms must ensure no damage can occur from placed materials.

Working at Heights WH5:Use Of MEWPS – Scissor Lifts and Cherry Pickers Mobile Elevated Work Platforms or MEWPS • Test, inspection and thorough inspection come in a range of different types and have documentation for the MEWP showing the become the natural alternative to working at serial number for the vehicle, the date it height access solutions in recent years. was last tested and the next due test date. Under PUWER and WAH regulations (provision • This will be 12 months for all types unless and use of work equipment regulations and the otherwise specified in the manufacturer’s working at height regulations) competence is handbook and instructions. only the start. • A daily inspection record (often a week IPAF – (The International Powered Access shown as 7 days) document for each Federation) is recognised throughout the world week and day that an operator is using the as the ‘benchmark’ standard for training and MEWP before use. competence. In the UK CPCS – (The Construction Plant The records may include ancillary equipment Certification Scheme) and NPORS (National such as the use of a harness, or checks made Plant Operators Registration Scheme) also offer to crash/crush control bars (which protect the competence for MEWPS on some sites in the controls); these are required when the operator UK but check first. is using the MEWP close to a heavy lifted load such as steel. Card Checkers Details on Harnesses: • IPAF - online checker. Harness use on MEWPS can often be confusing. The ‘rule of thumb’ is the use of • CITB also have a Card checker for CPCS mobile ‘cherry pickers’ will always require a and CSCS checks. harness and the use of a scissor lift may not. However, the recommendation from IPAF is to CPCS (Construction Plant Certification always check the suppliers or manufacturers Scheme) handbook or operating instructions to be sure. Two categories for MEWPS on their cards: An Emergency Plan: A25 – Mobile Elevating Work Platform – Scissor The safe system of work should also outline A26 - Mobile Elevating Work Platform Boom a rescue and recovery plan for the use of MEWPS. The emergency plan will highlight • A: Vehicle Mounted the override lever and/or the key emergency override for the type of MEWP used and needs • B: Self – Propelled to be briefed to all. NPORS (National Plant Operators Registration Scheme) also have MEWPS noted as scissor lift and self-propelled boom. The Engineering industries are often accredited with this training competence and not Construction. What initial and regular checks are required? All MEWPS will require the following checks to be made with the appropriate documentation to be completed, or sourced and submitted:

Working at Heights WH5:Use Of MEWPS – Scissor Lifts and Cherry Pickers Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. What checks and check records does the user of the MEWP need to supply and complete? A. A MEWP inspection and test record in date (12 months) and a daily/ weekly check record. Q2. What other items need to be supplied in writing before use to the main contractor? A. Details of competence, an emergency rescue plan and details of harnesses in use.

Working at Heights WH6:Working in Windy Conditions Many site operations take place in open areas Advice on specific work operations which are subjected to light and strong windy and equipment: conditions, both of which can be subjective when planning and carrying out Construction • Use of MEWPS and any Roof-work – not works. Site set-up and controls are essential to be used if wind more than 28mph (12.5 when working in windy conditions. m/s) Types of work that needs to consider • Use of Mobile Towers (external) – not to windy conditions. be used if wind more than 17mph (7.7 m/s) • Working at Height (Roof and gantry works, scaffolds, MEWPS or any work from • Use of Mobile Towers (external and access equipment) secured to a structure) – not to be used if wind more than 25mph (11.3 m/s) • Lifting Operations (machine low level and crane lifting) • Lifting Operations (any under LOLER) – not be carried out if wind more than • Low-level access works (Step ladders, 30mph (13 m/s) ladders, podium steps, towers etc.) • Material off-loading or movement, breaking out and cutting works • Areas between structures (creating drafts or ‘funnel effects’) • Partially open structures (roller shutter or access and egress points, windows etc.) How do we recognise if it is windy? • Check the local weather forecast or MET- office website for weather conditions. • Use an anemometer which is a device used for measuring wind speed. • Use the Beaufort Scale as a guide – this gives details on wind speeds based on recognised surroundings being affected such as tree movement. No m/s mph Description Effects on land 00 0 Calm Smoke rises vertically 3 4 8-12 Gentle Breeze Gentle breeze, small twigs in constant motion 4 6 13-18 Moderate Wind Dust, leaves and loose paper raised. Small branches move. 5 8 19-24 Fresh Wind Fresh breeze. Small trees in leaf begin to sway. 6 10 25-31 Strong Wind Strong breeze, large branches move. Whistling heard in phone wires. Umbrellas become difficult to use. 7 14-16 32-38 Very Strong Whole trees in motion Wind 8 18-20 39-46 Gale Twigs break off trees. Difficult to walk. 9 22-24 47-54 Severe Gale Slight structural damage occurs – chimney pots and roofing materials removed. 10 26 55-63 Storm Trees uprooted. Structural damage.

Working at Heights WH6:Working in Windy Conditions Ask these to confirm understanding: Q1. How can we check for windy conditions that may affect our planned Construction work? A. Check the weather forecast daily and on the MET office website. Look at the local conditions in relation to the work area. Q2. What two methods can give an indication of the wind speed in various areas on-site? A. An anemometer can be used – this is a handheld wind meter often used on fixed cranes. The Beaufort scale offers an indication of wind conditions based on the surroundings of the site such as tree movement to give an approximate wind speed idea. Q3. What range of wind speeds are recommended for preventing use during lifting operations and when using MEWP’s on a construction site? A. Lifting operations may cease if the wind speed is about 30mph, MEWP’s are recommended to not be used when the wind speed is about 28mph – in both cases check with the operator manual.

Safe Working Zones

Safe Working Zones SZ1:Diamond Drilling – Know Your Safe Zones Exclusion Zone Scan the QR code for full manual • Nobody is permitted to be within the machine’s risk area when work is underway. This also applies to the operator. • If the working conditions are variable the risk zone must be continually redefined. • When operating diamond drills always keep everything away at a safe working distance of 15cm minimum from the core drill bit and driveshaft. • Always position yourself behind the drill stand when drilling is in progress. Falling Core Bits Exclusion Zone • When drilling through walls, floors, and ceilings, you must check your method of work to the precautions you will need to take for where the redundant core will fall.

Safe Working Zones SZ2:Floor Sawing – Know Your Safe Zones Exclusion Zone Scan the QR code for full manual • Nobody is permitted to be within the machine’s risk area when work is underway. This also applies to the operator. • If the working conditions are variable the risk zone must be continually redefined. • Always operate the machine from the operator’s position at the rear of the machine between the handlebars. • Do not stand in front or behind the blade path while the floor sawing is operated. • Ensure the cutting area is free of obstructions (including people, and objects) before operating the machine. • Ensure that cut sections do not become live after cutting • All trimming steels and any temporary works or propping is in place and signed off before works commence.

Safe Working Zones SZ3:Remote Control Plant – Know Your Safe Zones Exclusion Zone Remember Distance and Positioning is the Control Measure for your Safety. • Nobody is permitted to be within the machine’s risk area when travelling/work is underway. This also applies to the operator. • If the working conditions are variable the risk zone must be continually redefined. • Define the risk zone, size varies. • NO ONE MUST ENTER THIS RISK ZONE. Sloping ground • Sloping surfaces, stairs, ramps etc. can constitute major risks when moving and working. With gradients more than 30o in the machine´s lengthwise direction there is a risk of the machine tipping. • The machine’s arm system and dozer blades must be positioned as low as possible to reduce the risk of tipping. • Always position yourself above/uphill the machine when driving on an incline. There is a risk of the machine tipping. Scan the QR code for full manual

Safe Working Zones SZ4:Track Sawing – Know Your Safe Zones Exclusion Zone Scan the QR code for full manual • Nobody is permitted to be within the machine’s risk area when work is underway. This also applies to the operator. • If the working conditions are variable the risk zone must be continually redefined. • NEVER stand in the direction of the radial flight of a running saw blade. • The safe zone for the track saw operated in a vertical position should be at least 3 meters x 3 meters. • The safe zone for the track saw operated in a horizontal position should be at least 5 meters x 2 meters on either side of the track saw. • Survey area behind slab to ensure clear space for the saw blade. • Ensure that cut sections do not become live after cutting, • All trimming steels and any temporary works or propping is in place and signed off before works commence.

Safe Working Zones SZ5:Wire Sawing – Know Your Safe Zones Exclusion Zone Scan the QR code for full manual • Nobody is permitted to be within the machine’s risk area when work is underway. This also applies to the operator. • If the working conditions are variable the risk zone must be continually redefined. • The hazardous area extends to at least twice the radius of the length of wire that would be unleashed in the event of the wire breaking and includes the area in the extended axis of the wire tension side. • Safe zone Equation: wire length x 2 = safe zone • Safe Zone Example: 10 Meter wire x 2 = 20 Meter Radius around the wire saw. • Safety measures must be implemented in the area where sawing is taking place so that operators and third parties cannot be injured or property damaged by debris or objects which may fly off during the sawing operation (small stones, pieces of wire, sawing slurry, etc.).

Drilling & Sawing Safety

Drilling & Sawing Safety DS1:Control of Falling Cores Construction sites are often not set up and many do not expect to have cores drilled on-site, with many being required as an afterthought or design change to planned works. The team assigned with carrying out the works • Best practice is to prevent any access to need to follow a strict process of control, usually the ‘drop zone’ by use of barriers to control the core drilling process itself due to the exposure and control required when cores • Listen and look for the core, where fall from height. possible communicate with the driller and look for signs of water. If you see water, The type and size of the core drilled, and the the core is about to drop – STOP people materials being cored very often may break up from passing the area. when being removed from the process. • Watch the core fall and then allow anyone Best practice checks include: to pass. Ensure that cores are removed only when the operator has the machine • Ensure that someone on-site who has turned off and the area is then safe to knowledge of the build process and enter. especially the structure/ area of work is available. Please note: Document SD2 should also be attached here to discuss as a part of this • Carry out a pre-survey of the area where toolbox talk the work is taking place and as a part of the survey check below, behind and Ask these to confirm understanding: around the work area. Q1. Who needs to be available for setting up • Check that other trades and access/ and setting out for core drilling work on- egress routes are clear or that entry to/ site? from and past the area, where the cores could potentially drop is clear and can Q2. What checks and set-up should be in always be kept clear. place to control core drilling activities? • Make sure you have the correct position for the core drill points from the client or construction site and that they are marked by the representative on-site. • Ensure that access to the rig and area is at least clear by 3 metres in all directions to other operatives, contractors and people in the area below.

Drilling & Sawing Safety DS2:Core Drilling – Safety When in Use Considerable time and effort are spent planning • When drilling floors of suspended slabs, a core drilling operation. make sure the area below is properly Many people have suffered cuts or other secure and keep everyone away from the serious injuries from contact with drilling area of falling cores. equipment. • When drilling large diameter holes Whether the contact is intentional or not, the through walls, an additional drop-in results can be serious and severe. Operators anchor is recommended to give more of core drills must read and understand the strength to hold the drill in place. Always manufacturer’s operating manual and safety use the anchor recommended by the requirements for each piece of equipment used. manufacturer. When drilling, always wear personal protective • When using suction vacuum pads to equipment as stated in the method statement & secure the drill rig to the floor, ensure risk assessment. This is required by legislation proper suction to the floor as per the and includes, but is not limited to, hard hat, manufacturer’s guidelines before starting hearing protection, safety glasses and safety the drill motor. footwear. • Never remove the core bit from the drill Below is a list of precautions that will help motor by putting a wrench on the bit and minimize and prevent injury when operating a starting the drill motor. core drill. Following these recommendations will reduce the chance of serious injury or death. • When lifting the core drill onto the wall for mounting, first mount the stand to the wall • Do not wear loose-fitting clothing or and slide the carriage onto the stand to jewellery while operating equipment. eliminate lower back strain. • Always keep hands and clothing away • Anchor the core drill directly above or from all moving parts. below the hole whenever possible. • Never start a core drill bit by using a hand • Always stand in the correct position or foot to steady to initial process, follow when drilling, behind the rig stand as the manufacturer’s guidelines and The recommended by the manufacturer’s Drilling & Sawing Association Code of guideline. practice. • In the event of a core bit jamming in the • Make sure electrical equipment such as hole, always follow the operator’s manual. cables, generators, hoses and fittings are Ensure the motor is unplugged from the in good condition. power source and use the correct tools to assist in dis-lodging the core barrel from • Inspect the opposite side of the work area. the hole. Once released check the barrel Make sure there are no obstructions such for damage and loss of segments. as electrical, water and gas pipes. If you cannot inspect the area, get assurances Ask these to confirm understanding: there are no hazards. Q1. Where should you stand when using a Core Drilling item of equipment? Q2. Should you use a hand or foot to start a drill core item of equipment? Q3. When drilling through a suspended floor slab, what should be in place?