Thulir Magazine October issue 2020

  v        

             Scan and Download Thulir Magazine Publication : Thulir Charitable Trust 2/63, Sivayanagar, 11th Cross, Alagapuram, Salem-04 [email protected] | www.thulircharitabletrust.in Draft & Design GALA EVENTS 2/63, Sivayanagar, 11th Cross, Alagapuram, Salem-04 [email protected] | www.galaevent.co.in 2

   ,e;jpahtpd; jiyrpwe;j tpQ;Qhdp> njhopy;El;g ty;Yeu;> kpfg;ngupa nghUshsu;> ,e;jpahtpd; 11 tJ FbauR jiytu;> ,e;jpa VTfiz ehafd;> ,e;jpa tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rpapd; je;ij> rpwe;j Mrpupau; kw;Wk; midtuhYk; kjpf;fjf;f mw;Gjkhd Ngr;rhsu;> tUq;fhy ,isQu;fspd; Kd;khjpupahf fUjg;gLk; ek; vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupe;j V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhkpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw gw;wp NkYk; njupe;Jnfhs;s NkYk; gbAq;fs;.  3

|  (SLV) nraw;iff;Nfhs; VTjypy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpdhu;. 1980 Mk; Mz;L SLV -III 1931 Mk; Mz;L> mf;Nlhgu; khjk; 15 uhf;nfl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp Nuhfpdp-I vd;w Mk; ehs; i[Dyhg;jPDf;Fk;> Jizf;Nfhis ntw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; M\\pak;khTf;Fk; kfdhf ,e;jpahtpd; Vtr;nra;jhu;. ,J mtUf;F kl;Lky;yhky;> jkpo;ehL khepyj;jpy;> ghk;gd; jPtpy; ,e;jpahtpw;Nf xU rhjidahf mike;jJ. mike;Js;s ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; ,j;jifa tpaf;fjf;f nraiyg; ghuhl;b ,Uf;Fk; xU rpwpa efuhl;rpahd kj;jpa muR ,tUf;F 1981 Mk; Mz;L ,uhNk];tuj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; x& ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; ngupa tpUjhd ,];yhkpa FLk;gj;ij Nru;e;jtu;. “gj;k G+\\d;” tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpj;jJ. 1963 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1983 Mk; Mz;L ,sikg; gUtk;: tiu> ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp $lj;jpy; mg;Jy; fyhk;> ,uhNk];tuj;jpYs;s gy gzpfis rpwg;ghf nra;j ,tu;> 1999 Mk; Mz;L “nghf;uhd; mZ MAj njhlf;fg;gs;spapy; jdJ gs;spg;gbg;ig Nrhjidapy;” Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpAs;shu;. njhlq;fpdhu;. Mdhy; ,tUila FLk;gk; ,e;jpahit mZ MAj ty;yurhf khw;wpa Vo;ikapy; ,Ue;jjhy;> ,sk; tajpNy ,tu; V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhk;> ,Jtiu Ie;J jd;Dila FLk;gj;jpw;fhf Ntiyf;Fr; VTfiz jpl;lq;fspy; gzpGupe;Js;shu;. nrd;whu;. gs;sp Neuk; Nghf kw;w Neuq;fspy; mtu;> midtuhYk; ,e;jpa uhZt uhf;nfl; ,tu; nra;jpj;jhs;fs; tpepNahfk; nra;jhu;. gilg;gpd; gpjhthf Nghw;wg;gLfpwhu;. ,tUila gs;spg;gUtj;jpy; ,tu; xU ruhrup khztdhfNt tsu;e;jhu;. FbauRj; jiytuhf V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhk;: fy;Y}up tho;f;if: jd;Dila gs;spg;gbg;ig Kbj;j 2002 Mk; Mz;L ele;j FbauRj; jiytu; Nju;jypy; ntw;wp ngw;W> gpwF> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spapYs;s “nrapd;l; ,e;jpahtpd; 11 tJ FbauR jiytuhf N[hrg; fy;Y}upapy;” ,aw;gpay; gapd;whu;. [_iy 25 Mk; ehs; 2002 y; gjtpNaw;whu;. 1954Mk; Mz;L> ,aw;gpaypy; ,sq;fiy FbauR jiytuhtjw;F Kd;> ,e;jpahtpd; gl;lk; ngw;whu;. Mdhy;> ,aw;gpay; Jiwapy; kpfg;ngupa tpUjhd “ghuj uj;dh tpUJ” Mu;tk; ,y;iy vd czu;e;j ,tu;> 1955 kj;jpa muR ,tUf;F toq;fp nfsutpj;jJ. Mk; Mz;L jd;Dila “tpz;ntsp NkYk;> “ghuj uj;dh” tpUJ ngw;w nghwpapy; gbg;ig” nrd;idapYs;s %d;whtJ FbauR jiytu; vd;w vk;.I.b-apy; njhlq;fpdhu;. gpd;du; mNj ngUikiag; ngw;whu;. 2007 Mk; Mz;L fy;Y}upapy; KJfiyg; gl;lKk; ngw;whu;. tiu FbauRj; jiytuhf ,Ue;j ,tu; “kf;fspd; [dhjpgjp” vd;W midtuhYk; tpQ;Qhdpahf V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhk;: md;NghL miof;fg;gl;lhu;. 2007 Mk; Mz;L 1960 Mk; Mz;L thD}u;jp mgptpUj;jp FbauRj; Nju;jypy; kPz;Lk; Nghl;bapl epidj;j fyhk;> gpwF gy fhuzq;fshy; mikj;jy; gpuptpy; (DRDO) tpQ;Qhdpahf me;j Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl Nghtjpy;iy vd jd;Dila Muha;r;rp tho;f;ifiaj; KbT nra;J tpyfpdhu;. njhlq;fpa mg;Jy; fyhk;> xU rpwpa n`ypfhg;liu ,e;jpa uhZtj;jpw;fhf  tbtikj;J nfhLj;jhu;. gpd;du;> ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp $lj;jpy; (ISRO) jdJ Muha;r;rpg;gzpfisj; njhlu;e;j mtu;> Jizf;Nfhs; VTfizf; FOtpy; 4

|  cyfk; Nghw;Wk; tpQ;Qhdpahd fyhk; jd;Dilnghd; nkhopfshYk;> kuzk;: ftpijfshYk;> thrfq;fshYk; midtupd; mg;Jy; fyhk; mtu;fs; [_iy 27> kdjpYk; ePq;fh ,lk; gpbj;Js;shu;. 2015 \\py;yhq;fpy; cs;s ,z;bad; ,d;];bbA+l; M/g; NkNd[;nkd;l;by; Nkilapy; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jNghNj kaq;fp tpOe;J kiwe;jhu;. tpUJfs;: 1981 – gj;k G+\\d; 1990 – gj;k tpG+\\d; 1997 – ghuj uj;dh 1997 – Njrpa xUq;fpizg;G ,e;jpuh fhe;jp tpUJ 1998 – tPu; rtu;fhu; tpUJ 2000 – uhkhD[d; tpUJ 2007 – mwptpay; fTut lhf;lu; gl;lk; 2007 – fpq; rhu;y];-II gl;lk; 2008 – nghwpapay; lhf;lu; gl;lk; 2009 – ru;tNjr Nthd; fhu;khd; tpq;]; tpUJ 2009 – `_tu; nkly; 2010 – nghwpapay; lhf;lu; gl;lk; 2012 – rl;lq;fspd; lhf;lu; 2012 – rtuh rk;];f;Ujp Gu];fhu; tpUJ V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhk; vOjpa E}y;fs;: • mf;dp rpwFfs; • ,e;jpah 2020 • vOr;rp jPgq;fs; • mg;Gwk; gpwe;jJ xU Gjpa Foe;ij ,Wjptiuf;Fk; gpuk;kr;rhupahf tho;e;j V.gp.N[ mg;Jy; fyhkpd; vspikahd tho;f;ifAk;> mtuJ ,dpikahd Ngr;Rk; vy;NyhiuAk; ftu;e;jJ vd;why; tpag;gpy;iy. ‘vjpu;fhy ,e;jpa ,isQu;fs; ifapy;’ vd;w mtu; “fdT fhZq;fs;! me;j fdit epidthf;f ghLgLq;fs;” vd;Dk; thf;fpaj;ij ,isQu;fspd; kdjpy; Nt&d;w nra;jtu;.  5

6

 v  ,e;jpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfspYk; Vw;Wkjp nra;aTk; Nrkpj;J itf;fTk; muR rkPgj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l tptrhak; njhlu;ghd %d;W rl;lq;fSf;F gQ;rhg;> mt;tg;NghJ fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpf;fpwJ. `upahzh cs;spl;l khepyq;fspy; cs;s tptrhapfs; fLikahd vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpj;J ,g;NghJ te;Js;s rl;lj; tUfpd;wdu;. ,e;jr; rl;lq;fspy; ,Ug;gJ vd;d> Vd; tptrhapfs; ,jidf; fLikahf jpUj;jj;jpd;gb ,k;khjpup fl;Lg;ghLfis vjpu;f;fpwhu;fs;? gpd;tUk; R+oypy;jhd; tpjpf;f KbAk;: rl;lq;fs; vd;ndd;d> mit vd;d nrhy;fpd;wd? mjhtJ> Njhl;lg; gapu;fisg; nghWj;jtiu nkhj;jk; %d;W rl;lq;fs;. mtw;wpd; tpiy fle;j 12 khjq;fspd; 1. mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fs; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; 2020> ruhrup tpiyiatpl 100 rjtPjk; mjpfupf;f 2. tptrha tpisnghUs; tpahghuk; Ntz;Lk;. jhdpaq;fisg; nghUj;jtiu> kw;Wk; tu;j;jf (Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; vspikg;gL- j;Jjy;) rl;lk; 2020> fle;j Ie;J Mz;Lfspd; ruhrup 3. tptrhapfSf;F (mjpfhukspj;jy; tpiyiatpl 50 rjtPjk; mjpfupf;f kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G) tpiy cj;juthj xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; tptrha Nritfs; rl;lk; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ,Ue;jhYk;$l ,e;jf; 2020. ,it Mq;fpyj;jpy; KiwNa Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act 2020, Farming fl;Lg;ghL czTg; nghUl;fisg; Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act 2020, The Farmers (Empowerment gjg;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fSf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ. and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act 2020 vd tpisnghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;aTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. Nrkpj;J itf;fTk; NtW ,lq;fSf;Ff; mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fs; jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;> ,e;jpahtpy; nfhz;L nry;yTk; tpw;gid nra;aTk; ntq;fhak;> gUg;G Nghd;w nghUl;fspd; tpiy caUk;NghJ mtw;iw tptrhapfSf;F KO Rje;jpuk; ,e;j rl;lj; jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; mspf;fg;gLk; vd;fpwJ kj;jpa muR. ,jdhy;> ,e;jj; Jiwapd; ng- hUshjhuk; Nkk;gl;L> Neub me;epa KjyPL tptrhaj; Jiwapy; fpilf;Fnkd kj;jpa  7

|  muR ek;GfpwJ. czT tpepNahfr; Efu;NthUk; tu;j;jfu;fSk; gadilthu;fs;. rq;fpypapy; Njitg;gLk; Fspu;gjd MfNt %d;W jug;gpdUf;Fk; fplq;Ffs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fl;lj; gadspf;ff;$ba rl;lq;fs; ,it vd;fpwJ Njitg;gLk; KjyPl;il ,e;jr; rl;lk; kj;jpa muR. vspjhf;Fk; vd;gJ ,e;jr; rl;lj;ij ,e;jpahtpy; tptrhak; vd;gJ khepy Mjupg;gtu;fspd; thjk;. murpd; fPo; cs;sJ. MfNt tptrhak; ,uz;lhtjhf cs;s tptrha njhlu;ghf ,aw;wg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,e;j %d;W tpisnghUs; tpahghuk; kw;Wk; tu;j;jf rl;lq;fSk; khepy murpd; cupikfisg; (Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; vspikg;gLj;Jjy;) gwpg;gjhf vjpu;f;fl;rpfs; Fw;wk;rhl;Lfpd;wd. rl;lj;ijg; nghUj;jtiu tptrha tpis NkYk;> ngupa tpij epWtdq;fs;> fhd;l;uh- nghUl;fis khepyj;jpw;F cs;NsAk; f;l; tptrha epWtdq;fs;> kpfg; ngupa ntspNaAk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; tpahghuKk; rq;fpypj; njhlu; R+g;gu; khu;f;nfl;fSf;F tu;j;jfKk; nra;a toptFf;fpwJ. ,jd; VJthf ,e;jr; rl;lq;fisf; %yk;> khepy muRfshy; ,af;fg;gLk; nfhz;Lte;jpUg;gjhf mit tptrha xOq;FKiw tpw;gidf; $lj;jpw;F Fw;wk;rhl;Lfpd;wd. ntspapYk; nghUl;fis tpw;f tptrha xOq;F Kiw tpw;gidf; topnra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy;> $lq;fSf;F ntspapYk; tptrhag; tptrhapfSf;F jq;fs; cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;a ,e;jr; rl;lk; nghUl;fSf;Ff; $Ljy; tpiy mDkjpg;gJ gy khepyq;fspy; vjpu;g;ig fpilf;Fnkd muR $WfpwJ. Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy;> tptrha tu;j;jfj;jpd; kPJ tptrha xOq;F Kiw tpw;gidf; khepy muR nfhz;bUf;Fk; fl;Lg;ghL ,e;jr; $lk; vd;why; vd;d? rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,y;yhky; NghfpwJ. NtW tptrha xOq;FKiw tpw;gidf; $lk; khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j tpahghupfs;> kw;nwhU vd;gJ jkpo;ehl;by; Ntshz; tpw;gid khepyj;jpy; vq;F Ntz;LkhdhYk; te;J kw;Wk; tzpfj; Jiwapd; fPo; ,aq;fptUk; nghUl;fis thq;fpr; nrhy;yyhk; vd;gjhy;> tpw;gidf; $lq;fisf; Fwpf;fpwJ. xU khepyj;jpy; xU nghUSf;F jl;Lg;ghL tptrhaj;jpd; %yk; cw;gj;jpahFk; Vw;gl;lhYk;> khepy murhy; VJk; nra;a nghUl;fis thq;fTk; tpw;fTk; KbahJ vd;w mr;rKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Kiwg;gLj;jTk; jkpo;ehL muhry; %d;whtJ rl;lk;> tpiy cj;juthjk;> cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpo;ehL muR 1987Mk; tptrha Nritfs; xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; tptrha Mz;L jkpo;ehL Ntshz;ik tpis nghUs; Nritfs; rl;lk; 2020. tptrhapfSld; ve;j tpw;gid (xOq;F Kiw) rl;lj;ij %d;whtJ egUk; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwr; gpwg;gpj;J ,e;j xOq;F Kiwf; $lq;fis nra;Jnfhs;s ,e;jr; rl;lk; toptFf;fpwJ. cUthf;fpaJ. RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy;> tptrha jkpo;ehl;ilg; nghWj;jtiu 268 fhd;l;uhf;l;fSf;F ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xOq;FKiw tpw;gid $lq;fSk; 108 rl;luPjpahd ghJfhg;G fpilf;Fk;. fpuhkg;Gw Nrkpg;G fplq;FfSk; 108 kj;jpa muirg; nghUj;jtiu ,e;j juk;gpupf;Fk; ikaq;fSk; %d;W rl;lq;fs; %yKk; tptrhapfs; nray;gl;LtUfpd;wd. epyf;fliy> Gsp> vs;> jq;fs; tpiy nghUl;fSf;F ey;y fUk;G nty;yk;> ney;> gUj;jp> Nfo;tuF> tpiyiag; ngw KbAk;> $Ljyhd tu;j;jf fk;G> Nrhsk;> tuF> nfhs;S> Mkzf;F> tha;g;Gfs; fpilf;Fk; vd;fpwJ. NkYk;> Njq;fha;> kuts;spf;fpoq;F>  8

|  cUisf;fpoq;F> Jtuk; gUg;G cs;spl;l mg;gb ele;jhy;> rpwpa tptrhapahy; vd;d nghUl;fs; kiwKf Vyj;jpd; %yk; nra;a KbAk;? epWtdq;fis vjpu;j;J tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. tof;Fj; njhLf;f KbAkh?\" vdf; Nfs;tp ,e;j tpw;gid elf;Fk;NghJ tptrhap> vOg;Gfpwhu; Ma;thsu; lhf;lu; n[auQ;rd;. tu;j;jfu;> Ntshz;Jiw mjpfhup MfpNahu; ,e;j %d;W rl;lq;fisAk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nghUl;fs; thq;fg;gl;lTld; jdpj;jdpahf ghu;f;f KbahJ. xd;whf tptrhapf;F gzk; mspf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. ,izj;Jjhd; ghu;f;fNtz;Lk;. rq;fpypj; ,e;j xOq;F Kiw tpw;gidf; $l njhlu; R+g;gu; khu;f;nfl;il elj;Jk; KiwahdJ jkpo;ehl;iltpl> kfhuh\\;buh> epWtdq;fs; ngupa mstpy; jhdpaq;fis fu;ehlfh> Me;jpu gpuNjrk; Mfpa thq;fp Nrkpg;ghu;fs;. Mdhy;> mg;gb nra;a khepyq;fspy; kpfTk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; Kbahj msTf;F rl;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ. me;jf; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. tptrhapfsplk; fl;Lg;ghl;il ePf;fj;jhd; ,e;jr; rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;J tpisnghUl;fis ngw;W> kWgb nfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sd vd;fpwhu; mtu;. tpw;Fk; tu;j;jfu;fSf;F nghUspd; kjpg;gpy; ,e;jf; ftiyfs; jtpu> jw;NghJ muR 1-2 rjtPjk; fl;lzkhf tR+ypf;fg;gLfpwJ. tptrha tpisnghUl;fSf;F mwptpj;JtUk; ,g;NghJ kj;jpa muR Fiwe;jgl;r Mjhu tpiy vd;gJ> ,dpAk; nfhz;Lte;jpUf;Fk; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; vy;yh njhlUk; vd;gij ,e;jr; rl;lq;fs; khepyq;fspYk; tptrha xOq;F Kiw cWjpnra;atpy;iy vd;Wk; rpy tpw;gidf;$lq;fSf;F ntspapYk; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; ftiy tu;j;jfu;fs; jq;fs; nghUl;fis thq;f njuptpj;Js;sdu;. KbAk;. Mdhy;> ,jpy; rpy gpur;ridfs; ,jw;F vd;djhd; top vd;gjw;F ,Uf;fpd;wd. tptrha xOq;F Kiw NahNfe;jpu ahjt; gjpy; $Wfpwhu;> mjhtJ> tpw;gidf; $lj;jpy; 1-2 rjtPj fl;lzk; “,e;j kNrhjhtpy; Fiwe;jgl;r MjuT tpjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ntspapy; ,e;jf; fl;lzk; tpiy vd;gJ rl;l cupikahf;fg;gl Ntz;b ,Uf;fhJ vd;gjhy;> gyUk; ntspapNyNa xU gpupitr; Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhu;. tpw;gid nra;a Kay;thu;fs;. rpy rkaq;fspy; fsj;jpNyNa nghUl;fis fpilj;j tpiyf;F tpw;fTk; tptrhapfs; Kd;tuf;$Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt> tptrha xOq;F Kiw tpw;gidf;$lk; rpwg;ghfr; nray;gLk; khepyq;fspy; ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpw;F fLk; vjpu;g;G epyTfpwJ. ngupa epWtdq;fSld; tptrhapfs; xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;L tptrhak; nra;tij xU rl;lk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. \"Vw;nfdNt fUk;G ,e;j tifapy;jhd; tptrhak; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. mUfpy; cs;s ru;f;fiu MiyfSld; xg;ge;jk; nra;Jnfhz;L> tptrhapfs; fUk;igg; gapl;L> Miyf;F mspf;fpwhu;fs;. Mdhy;> Miyfs; gzk; ju jhkjk; nra;tij gy Kiw ehk; ghu;j;jpUf;fpNwhk;.  9

Guaranteed Return Plan | Pension Plan | Child Plan Contact Money Back Plan | Endowment Plan | Health Plan & V.SIVAPRAKASH +91 90430 00733 ULIP with Government Approved Plan B.MUTHARASAN Tax Save under section 80C +91 97916 02463 Maturity amount Tax free under section 10 (10D) etc., 10

  Fjpiufs; Fbf;Fk; ePu; epiyfspy; ,Ue;J ePu; mUe;Jq;fs;. Fjpiu xUNghJk; nfl;l jz;zPiu Fbf;fhJ. G+id J}q;Fk; ,lj;jpy; cq;fs; gLf;ifia ,Lq;fs;. mikjp juhj ,lj;jpy; G+id cwq;fhJ. GO Jisj;j fdpfis cz;Zq;fs;. er;Rf; fdpfis GO Jisf;fhJ. G+r;rpfs; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk; fhshid ijupakhf czthf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. tp\\f; fhshd;fs; kPJ G+r;rpfs; cl;fhuhJ. Kay;fs; Fop gwpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; kuj;ij elyhk;. kuk; nropg;ghf tsUk;.  11

gwitfs; ntg;gj;ij jtpu;f;f Xa;ntLf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; cq;fSf;fhd ePu; Cw;wpid Njhz;Lq;fs;. gwitfs; J}q;fg; NghFk; Neuj;jpy; J}q;fr; nrd;W> mit tpopf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; vOe;jpUq;fs;. ePq;fs; njhl;lnjy;yhk; nghd;dhFk;. mjpfk; ,aw;ifahd czTfis cz;Zq;fs;. tYthd fhy;fisAk;> Jzpr;ry; kpf;f ,jaj;ijAk; ngWtPu;fs;. kPd;fisg;Nghy mbf;fb ePupy; ePe;Jq;fs;. ePq;fs; G+kpapy; elf;Fk;NghJ $l kPd;fisg; NghyNt czu;tPu;fs;. mbf;fb thdj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. cq;fs; vz;zq;fspy; ntspr;rKk;> njspTk; gpwf;Fk;. epiwa mikjpahf ,Uq;fs;> nfhQ;rk; NgRq;fs;. cq;fs; ,jaj;jpy; nksdk; Fbnfhs;Sk;. cq;fs; Md;kh vg;NghJk; mikjpahf ,Uf;Fk;. tptrhaj;jpw;F Kd;Dupik nfhLq;fs;. ehL ehrkhfhJ.  12

13

 (BLACK-WINGED STILT - HIMANTOPUS HIMANTOPUS)  neLq;fhy; cs;shd; (Black-winged Stilt - Himantopus himantopus) vd;gJ ePz;l fhy;fisf; nfhz;l fiug;gwitfSs; xd;whFk;. ,J ePu; epiyfSf;F mUfpy; thof;$ba gwit MFk;. ,e;jg; gwitapd; cly; epwkhdJ fWg;G nts;is epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; fhy;fs; kl;Lk; ,sQ;rptg;G epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;jg; gwitahdJ jd; fhy;fisg; gad;gLj;jp jd- f;fhd czitj; NjLfpd;wd. ,it Mgj;jhd R+oypy; kl;Lk; ePupy; %o;fp ePe;jf;$baJ. ,e;jg; gwitfs; vg;NghJk; $l;lkhfNt fhzg;gLk;. ,it jq;fs; $Lfis jz;zPUf;F mUfpy; mUfUNf mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd. jd; vy;iyf;Fs; NtW gwitfis ,it Eioa tplhJ. mt;thW EioAk; gwitfis> rj;jk; vOg;gpj; Juj;Jk;. Nfhilf; fhyj;jpy; ,it ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;fpd;wd. fPNo cs;s $Lfspy; Kl;ilfis kiwthf ,l;L itj;jpUf;Fk;. ,it ngUk;ghYk; ,lk;ngau;tjpy;iy. jz;zPu; tw;wpg;Nghdhy; kl;LNk NtW topapd;wp ,it ,lk;ngau;fpd;wd. jkpofj;jpy;> gs;spf;fuiz rJg;Gepyj;jpYk;> Ntle;jhq;fypYk; ,e;jg; gwit mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.  14

15

NO    ,e;jpa mstpy; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}up gad; ngWtu; vd;fpw gpw khepyj;jtupd; mr;rk; ,d;W cWjpahfpAs;sJ. rhjp> Nru;f;ifapy; xU rkr; rPu;it Vw;gLj;JtJ tu;f;fk; vd;fpw Ntw;WikfSf;F mg;ghy; ,g;NghJ nkhop> thOk; epyg; gFjp> vd;W nrhy;ypj;jhd; ,q;Nf ePl; efu;g;Gwk;> fpuhkg; Gwk; vDk; Kuz; Mfpa mbg;gilapyhd xJf;fy;fs; ,jd; %yk; GFj;jg;gLfpwJ. mJ vj;jid ngha; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mbj;js kf;fspd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpj;Js;s vd;gijg; ghu;g;Nghk;. jkpo;ehL kl;Lkpd;wp ngUikf;Fupa khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fs; ,d;W kjpg;gpoe;Js;sd. ,d;Wk; mrhk; fu;ehlfh> Nfush> Nk.tq;fk;> ePl;Lf;F Mjuthfr; nrhy;yg;gl;l Me;jpuk;> fh\\;kPu; vdg; gy khepyq;fspYk; thjq;fs; vd;d khjpupahdit? gy;NtW tpjkhd jdpj;jdp EioTj;Nju;TfspypUe;J ‘ePl;’ Lf;F vjpu;g;G Njhd;wpAs;sJ. khztu;fis ,j;jifa nghJj; Nju;T fhg;ghw;Wk; vd;gJ xd;W kw;wJ kUj;Jtr; khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> tzpf Nru;f;ifapy; ,g;NghJs;s kpfg; ngupa Coy;fs;> nfhs;isfs; Kjypad Nehf;fpy;yhj fy;tpj;Jiwapdu;> khepy xopf;fg;gLk; vd;gJ. kw;wgb xNu khjpup jukhd kUj;Jt tu;f;fk; xd;W ,e;jpah eyd;fspy; mf;fiwAs;s fl;rpapdu; vd G+uhTk; cUthFk; vd;gJ %d;whtjhfr; vjpu;g;G cUthfpAs;sJ. ,e;j tifapy;  ,d;W ,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lk; xU tifapy; ,e;jp NgRk; khepyq;fs; X ,e;jp Ngrhjit vd ,U $Wfshf vjpu; vjpu; epiyapy; epw;fpd;wd. nly;ypiaj; jiyikafkhff; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; CBSE Nghd;w fy;tp thupag; ghlj; jpl;lq;fspy; gapd;w cau; rhjp> cau; tu;f;f khztu;fNs ,jd; %yk; 16

|  nrhy;yg;gl;l thjk;. vy;yhk; mgj;jk;. xU tPjk; Ngu; vd;gjw;F cupa juTfs; ,y;iy EioTj; Nju;T vd;gJ vg;gb xNu khjpup vdpDk; mJTk; xU kpfr; rpwpa jukhd kUj;Jtu;fis cUthf;f KbAk;? tPjj;jpdu;jhd;. mtu;fSk; $l r%fj;jpd; jpwkhd> rPuhd khUj;Jtf; fy;tpAk;> Nky; jl;bypUe;J tUgtu;fs;jhd;. nrd;w gapw;rpAk;jhd; xNu jukhd rpwe;j Mz;L midj;jpe;jpa kUj;Jtf; fy;tp kUj;Jtu;fis cUthf;f KbANk xopa epWtdq;fs; (AIIMS) elj;jpa ,e;jg; nghJ xU EioTj; Nju;T vg;gb mijr; rhjpf;f EioTj; Nju;tpy; gq;Fngw;w khztu;fspd; KbAk;? vz;zpf;if xU ,yl;rk;. ,J mg;NghJ Nru;f;ifapy; cs;s Coy;fis kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upf;F tpz;zg;gpj;j nkhj;j xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; cupa tpjpfis khztu; njhifapy; ntWk; gj;J rjk;jhd;. cUthf;fp> fLikahd fz;fhzpg;Gfs;> mg;NghJ ,e;jg; nghJj;Nju;T fl;lhak; kPWk; epWtdf;fisf; fLikahfj; ,y;iy vd;gjhy; kw;w 90 rjk; jz;bg;gJ Mfpatw;wpd; %yk;jhd; mijr; khztu;fSk; ‘ePl;’ vOJtjpy; Mu;tk; rhjpf;f Ntz;LNk xopa ,g;gb ,d;Dk; xU fhl;ltpy;iy. gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;gpy; Nkhrkhd xJf;fy; eltbf;iffis Nju;r;rpAw;W gy;NtW gbg;GfSf;Fk; Nkw; Nkw;nfhz;L mijr; rhjpf;f KbahJ> nry;fpwtu;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifAld; rhjpf;fTk; $lhJ. Njitahdhy; xt;nthU ,ij xg;gpl;lhy; nghJj;Nju;it> mjhtJ khepyj;jpw;Fkhd EioTj; Nju;Tfisf; ‘ePl;’il tpUg;gG+u;tkhfj; Nju;T fl;lhakhf;fyhk;. gy khepyq;fspy; nra;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if kpf kpf kpff; mj;jifa EioTj; Nju;Tfs; rpwg;ghfr; FiwT vd;gij tpsf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. nray;gl;L tUtJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. rup mg;gbg; nghJ EioTj; Nju;itj; ,ijnay;yhk; nra;ahky; Coiy Nju;e;njLj;j me;jr; rpW njhif xopf;fpNwd; vd;fpw ngaupy; ,g;gbahd Vio khztu;fs; ahu;? mtu;fs; CBSE Nghd;w vspa mbj;js rhjpfisr; Nru;e;j> kj;jpaf; fy;tp thupag; ghlj; jpl;lq;fspy; fpuhkg;Gw> ,e;jp Ngrhj kf;fisg; gbj;j Nky;jl;bdu;jhd;. ,d;W 1176 gopthq;Fk; xU Kiwiaf; fl;lhakhfg; kjpg;ngz;fs; thq;fpa mdpjh vDk; $yp GFj;Jtij vg;gbr; rfpg;gJ? Ntiy nra;Ak; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j xU Nfhbf;fzf;fhd &gha;fis ‘NfgpNl\\d; jypj; ngz;Zf;F ePl; Nju;tpy; ntw;wp ngw /gP’ Mf tR+ypg;gijf; fLk; ,ayhj fhuzj;jhy; kUj;Jtf; fy;tp fz;fhzpg;Gfis xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; tha;g;Gg; gwp Nghdij ,j;Jld; xg;gpl;Lg; ahUf;Fk; Iak; ,y;iy. Mdhy; cau; ghu;j;jhy;jhd; vg;gb Gwf;fzpf;fj; jf;f xU gzj; jpkpu; kpf;f xU Nky;jl;L 5 rj rpwpa Nky; jl;bdupd; eyDf;fhf kw;w 90 kf;fspd; gpur;rpid. ,ijf; fhl;b Vio rjj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ltu;fs; Vd; jw;nfhiy vspa mdpjhf;fisg; gyp nfhLf;ff; $lhJ. Nehf;fpj; js;sg;gLfpwhu;fs; vd tpsq;Fk;. gy EioTj; Nju;Tfis xNu rup. CBSE khztu;fs; kl;Lk; Vd; vspjpy; ‘ePl;’ Nju;tpy; ntw;wp ngWfpwhu;fs;? Neuj;jpy; vOj Ntz;ba Rikia khztu;fSf;Ff; Fiwf;f ePl; Nghd;w nghJ khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fspy; gbg;gtu;fshy; EioTj; Nju;T Njit vd;fpw thjj;jpy; mJ rhj;jpakpy;yhky; NghfpwJ? VJk; epahak; ,Uf;fpwjh vdg; ghu;f;fyhk;. Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. ‘ePl;’ Nju;T CBSE ghlj; ‘ePl;’ Nju;it tpUk;gpj; Nju;T jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ nra;gtu;fisg; nghUj;j kl;by; ahu; me;j vd;gJjhd; ,uz;L Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; xNu khztu;fs;> mg;gb vOJfpwtu;fs; vj;jid gjpy;.  17

|  CBSE ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; ‘ePl;’ Nju;T fhl;bAs;Nshk;. muRk; fy;tpj;JiwAk; elj;jg;gLtjhy; me;jg; ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; ,g;NghJ mtw;iwf; fzf;fpy; nfhz;L rpy gbj;jtu;fs; ePl;by; ntw;wp ngw KbfpwJ. khw;wq;fisAk; ,e;jf; fy;tp Mz;L Kjy; kw;wtu;fSf;F mJ rhj;jpakpy;yhky; nfhz;L te;Js;sd. Fiwfisf; MfpwJ. fz;lwpe;J jpUj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwikAk; mLj;j Nfs;tp: ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ty;yikAk; ekf;Fz;L. ,g;gb ek; fy;tp gy;NtW khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fs; kw;Wk; Kiwapy; rpy Fiwfs; cs;sd ,ju ICSC Nghd;w ,ju fy;tp thupaq;fspd; vd;gjw;fhf CBSE jhd; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ghlj;jpl;lq;fis vy;yhk; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;L fy;tp KiwfspNyNa rpwe;j Kiw vdTk; CBSE d; ghlj; jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ‘ePl;’ mjpy; FiwfNs ,y;iy vdTk; ek;GtJ Nju;it elj;JtJ Vd;? ,g;gbahd Nghd;w mgj;jk; VJkpy;iy. Mdhy; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; kpf mjpf khztu;fs; mg;gbahd ek;gpf;if ekf;Fs; gad;ngWkhW mjpf khztu;fs; gbf;fpw rpyupilNa cs;sJ. VNjDk; xU ghlj; jpl;lj;ijj; Nju;T 2009 y; mwptpayhsu; mdpy; Fkhu; nra;tJjhNd epahak;? ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; kw;Wk; IIS apy; gzpahw;wpa bghfu; rl;lu;[p cs;s CBSE ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; thrpf;Fk; MfpNahu; CBSE cld; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhl;bYk; rpy khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fis xg;gpl;L jkpo;ehL Nghd;w xU khepyj;jpy; khepyf; xU Ma;T nra;jpUe;jdu;> fy;tp thupag; ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; gbf;fpw ,aw;gpay;> Ntjpay;> capupay;> fzpjk; khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfk; Mfpa ehd;F mwptpay; ghlq;fspYk; Nkw;F ,y;iyah? ,e;jpah KOtJk; nkhj;jkhf tq;ff; fy;tp thupa khztu;fSk;> fzpjk; 12k; tFg;Gj; Nju;T vOJk; khztu;fspd; kw;Wk; ,aw;gpay; ghlq;fspy; Me;jpu khepy vz;zpf;ifiaAk;> CBSE khztu;fspd; khztu;fSk; CBSE khztu;fisf; vz;zpf;ifiaAk; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;j;jhy;jhd; fhl;bYk; rpwg;ghf cs;sij mtu;fs; ‘ePl;’ Nju;T vd;gJ ve;j msTf;F cau; epWtpdu; (Current Science, 2009). ,jpy; ehk; jl;L> cau; rhjp> efuq;fis ikakhff; ftdpf;f Ntz;ba mk;rk; vd;dntdpy; nfhz;l xU Nju;T Kiw vd;gJk; ek; Nkw;F tq;fNkh ,y;iy Me;jpug; gpuNjrNkh mdpjhf;fs; Vd; jw;nfhiyia Nehf;fpj; ‘ePl;’ by; mg;gb xd;Wk; gpukhjkhfr; js;sg;gLfpwhu;fs; vd;gijAk; nra;Jtpltpy;iy. Mf> ‘ePl;’by; gpukhjkhfr; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. nra;tJ vd;gJ mtu;fspd; fy;tpj; jkpofj;jpd; rkr;rPu;f; fy;tp Kiw> jpwikf;Fk; ghlg; GupjYf;Fk; ep&gzky;y. mjd; Nfs;tpj; jhs; tbtk;> Nju;T Kiw> CBSE tbtj;jpy; ‘ePl;’ Nju;T ghlj; jpl;lk; vy;yhk; Fiwfsw;wit vd fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sjd; tpisTjhd; mk; ehk; nrhy;y tpy;iy. epr;rak; mtw;wpy; khztu;fs; ‘ePl;’by; ed;whfj; njuptJ. FiwghLfs; cz;L. ehq;fNs gytw;iwr; VNjh CBSE, MCI (,e;jpa kUj;Jtf; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;Nshk;. 11 k; tFg;Gg; fTd;rpy;) yQ;r Coy;fSf;nfy;yhk; ghlq;fis elj;jhkNyNa 12k; tFg;Gg; mg;ghw;gl;lJ vd;nwy;yhk; ek;gpdhYk; ghlq;fis elj;Jtjw;Fj; Njhjhf ekJ mg;NghJk; ehk; Kl;lhs;fs;jhd;. fy;tp Kiw cs;sJ> Nfs;tpj;jhs; tbtk; MCI apd; Kd;dhs; jiytu; Nfld; kdg;ghl Kaw;rpfSf;F mjpf Njrha; xU jdpahu; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gjhf cs;sJ xg;Gjy; nfhLj;jNghJ yQ;rk; thq;fpajhff; Kjyhdtw;iw ,g;gbr; Rl;bf; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;ltu;.  18

|  nrd;w Mz;L CBSE Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j All Mfr; rpwe;j tbtk; vdr; nrhy;yptpl India Pre-Medical Test ,g;gbahd KbahJ. mwptpay; fUj;jhf;fq;fis ju;f;f Fw;wr;rhl;Lfshy; uj;J nra;ag;gl;lJk; G+u;tkhfj; jUtpf;Fk; tpupthd ju;f;f Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. mbg;gilapy; tpsf;fk; mspf;Fk; (concept CBSE thupaj;Jf;Fk; mjd; ghlj; development) KiwAk; Kf;fpakhdNj. jpl;lj;Jf;Fk; ,g;gbahd ‘ePl;’ MjuT jkpo;ehL> Nkw;F tq;fk; Kjypa khepyq;fs; jhuhskhf ,Ug;gjd; tpisthf ,d;W ,j;jifa Nju;TKiwiaNa ePz;l ,e;jpahntq;Fk; CBSE ghlj; jpl;lj;ij fhykhfg; gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;wd. vd;idg; Vw;Fk; jdpahu; gs;spfspd; vz;zpf;if nghUj;j kl;by; ,uz;Lf;Fk; rk mstpy; Cjpg; ngUj;Js;sJ. ,e;j tifapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g;NghJ ‘ePl;’ Nju;T khztu;fis mtu;fSf;Fg; Nghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ khepyf; fy;tp tpjpfspd; mbg;gilapy; xU KbT thupaq;fisr; nry;yhf; fhrhf;Fk; rupahdjh jtwhdjh vdr; rpe;jpf;fj; Kaw;rpahfpwJ. khepyf; fy;tp thupaj;jpd; njupe;jhy; NghJk; vd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;ff; fPo; jk; gps;isfisg; gbf;f itj;Jf; $lhJ. fzpdpfs; $l me;jg; gzpfisr; nfhz;bUe;j ngw;Nwhu;fs; ,dp mtu;fis rpwg;ghfr; nra;J tplf; $Lk;. khwhf CBSE gs;spfisj; Njbr; nrd;W kpf Vw;fdNt cs;s vy;yh ek;gpf;iffisAk; mjpfkhfg; gzk; nfhLj;Jr; Nru;f;Fk; epiy re;Njfpf;Fk; jpwd; cilatu;fshf ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; kj;jpa khztu;fis Mf;FtNj mwptpay; murpd; fy;tpf; nfhs;iffs; xNu rPuhf tsu;r;rpf;Fj; Jiz nra;Ak;. ,e;jpah KOtJk; jpzpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;> kuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Mg;gps; fhk;G fy;tpf; nfhs;isfs; mjpfkhtjw;Fk;> Vio mWe;jhy; fPNo tpo Ntz;baJ ,ay;GjhNd vspa kf;fspd; fy;tpr; nryTfs; vd epA+l;ld; epidj;jpUe;jhuhdhy; mtuJ mtu;fshy; jhq;f Kbahj mstpw;F Gfo; ngw;w Gtp <u;g;Gj; jj;Jtk; mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; khepyq;fspd; fy;tpf; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUf;f ,ayhJ. ,g;gbahd nfhs;iffSk; mZfy; KiwfSk; counter inductive rpe;jid Kiw miktjhff; gytPdkhtjw;Fk; top tFf;fg;gLfpwJ fy;tp Kiw mika Ntz;Lk;. vdNt Mk; vd;gij ehk; kwe;J tplf; $lhJ. / ,y;iy rup / jtW vd;fpw uPjpapy; ,g;gb CBSE gs;spfspy; mjpfk; gzk; Nfs;tpj; jhs;fis mikj;J fzpdpfspd; nfhLj;Jg; gbf;f top ,y;yhky; njhlu;e;J cjtpahy; khztu;fis kjpg;gpLk; CBSE khepyf; fy;tp Kiwapy; gbf;Fk; Vio KiwNa rpwe;jJ vd;gjhf ek;GtJ vspa> mbj;jl;Lr; rhjpfisr; Nru;e;j rupay;y. fpuhkg;Gw khztu;fs; ,dp kUj;Jtg; ,d;ndhd;iwAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s gbg;ig yl;rpakhff; nfhz;lhu;fshdhy; Ntz;Lk;. ‘ePl;’ vd;gJ Gjpjy;y. CBSE ghlj; vd;d MFk; vd;gjw;Fj;jhd; mdpjhtpd; jpl;lj;jpy; gbj;j tlehl;L ,e;jp nkhop ,wg;G ek; Kd; ,uj;j rhl;rpakhf khztu;fSf;F mjpf mstpy; mike;Js;sJ. tha;g;gspg;gjw;fhf Vw;fdNt eilKiwapy; ,e;jg; ‘gd;ik tpilf; Nfs;tpfs;’ ,Ue;j ‘kUj;Jtf; fy;tpf;fhd (Multiple Choice Question) epiwe;j midj;jpe;jpa Kd; Nju;T’ (AIPMT) vd;gjd; ePl;rpjhd; ,d;iwa ‘ePl;’. ,e;j AIPMT Nju;T Nfs;tpj;jhs; vd;fpw CBSE apd; Nju;T CBSE ghlj; jpl;lj;jpd;gb CBSE ahy; tbtk; mg;gb xd;Wk; khztu;fspd; jpwid kjpg;gpl;L tpLtjw;fhd elj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp  19

|  mJ Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpapy; kl;LNk kUj;Jtu; – Nehahsp cwT kpfTk; elj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. [dehafg;gl;bUe;jij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s ,e;jj; Nju;tpy; ntw;wp ngw;wtu;fSf;F Kbe;jJ. vspjpy; mZff; $batu;fshf ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; cs;s kUj;Jtf; kUj;Jtu;fs; ,g;NghJ cs;sdu;. fy;Y}upfs; midj;jpYk; 15 rj xJf;fPL fl;lha ‘ePl;’ eilKiwf;F te;jhy; ,Ue;jJ. ,ijg; ngUk;ghYk; tl ,e;jpa ,d;Dk; rpy Mz;Lfspy; ,e;j epiy Mq;fpNyh – `pe;jp Nky; jl;bdNu Kw;wpYk; khWk;. kUj;Jtkidfspy; gwpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. xg;gPl;lstpy; tl Vw;gl;Ls;s ,e;j khw;wq;fs;> ehl;L ,e;jp NgRk; khepyq;fspy; kUj;Jtf; [dehafg;ghLfs; (Democratization) vd;gd fy;Y}upfs; FiwT. me;j tifapy; gpw Kw;wpYk; mopAk;. mbj;js kf;fs; Kw;wpYk; khepyq;fspy; tl khepyj;jtiuj; me;epag;gl NeupLk;. ,Jjhd; vy;yhtw;wpYk; jpzpg;gjpy; ,J ngupa mstpy; Nkhrkhd gpd;tpisthf mikAk;. gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; CBSE apy; gapd;w ‘ePl;’ Nju;T fl;lhakhdhy; fpuhkg;Gw Nky; jl;bdNu ngupJk; gydle;jdu;. mbj;js khztu;fspd; tha;g;G gwpNghFk; ‘ePl;’ Nju;itf; fl;lhakhf;Ftjd; %yk; vd;gijAk; mjd; tpisthf kUj;Jt ,e;j epiy NkYk; mjpfupf;Fk;. mjhtJ Nrit NkYk; Nkl;bikj; jd;ik kpf;fjhf Nky;jl;L efu;g;Gw khztu;fspd; $lhukhf khwp mbj;js kf;fs; me;epakhf mJ top kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfs; MtJ cWjp. tFf;Fk; vd;gijAk; ghu;j;Njhk;. ,J jtpu ,d;ndhd;iwAk; ehk; ,q;F ftdj;jpy; fpuhkg;Gw kUj;Jt NritNa ePl;bd; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ‘ePl;’ ,g;NghJ ,e;jpa tpisthf ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;gijAk; ehk; mstpy; fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;L> mjw;F Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ePl;by; ntw;wp cr;rePjpkd;wKk; Mrp toq;fp> ‘ePl;’Lf;F ngw;W kUj;JtuhFk; Nkl;bikr; rf;jpfspd; Mjuthf cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; thjpl;l fdT ntsp ehL my;yJ efu;g;Gw ‘ky;b espdp rpjk;guk; $wpaJ Nghy ,dp ];ng\\hypb `h];gply; g;iuNtl; g;uhf;b];’ ‘flTsplk; Kiwapl;lhYk; $l’ Mfg; vd;gjhfNt mikAk;. fpuhkg;Gw kf;fs; NghtJ xd;Wkpy;iy vd Mfptpl;lJ. Fiwe;j gl;rk; mUfpYs;s khtl;lj; Mdhy; ,g;NghJk; $l AIIMS, PGI, JIPMER jiyefu;fSf;fhtJ Xbj;jhd; kUj;Jt Mfpa %d;W kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfSf;F trjp ngw KbAk; vDk; epiy ,d;Dk; kl;Lk; ‘ePl;’ bypUe;J tpjp tpyf;F mjpfkhFk; my;yJ njhlUk;. mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;F ,d;Dk; ePl; Nju;Tf;fhd Kiwia jkpofk; rpwg;ghd jdp EioTj; Nju;T vjpu;g;gjw;fhd fhuzk; trjpkpf;ftu;fs;> elj;jg;gLkhk;. mnjd;d? ,d;Dk; cau; efuq;fspy; rpwg;Gg; gapw;rp tFg;Gfis kl;lj;jpYs;s Nky; jl;L efu;g;Gw Mq;fpNyh ,uz;L tUlk; gbf;f trjpAk; tha;g;Gk; ,e;jpau;fSf;fhd epWtdq;fshf Mf;Fk; cs;sjhy; rpyUf;F kl;LNk ,J Kaw;rpahf mJ mikayhk;. gaDs;sjhf mikAk; vd;w Iag;ghL ,it vy;yhk; vq;F nfhz;L Ngha; gyUf;F ,Uf;fpwJ!! tpLk;? ,e;j Kg;gjhz;Lfspy; ngupa ngUk;ghyhd jkpof kUj;Jtu;fs; mstpy; epiyik khwp ,Ue;jJ. mjpf ,jid tUj;jj;Jld; njuptpg;gjw;Fk; > rpy mstpy; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l> kpfg; fhuzq;fs; cs;sd. jq;fSila kfd;> gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l> jho;j;jg;gl;l tFg;GfisAk; kfSf;F ePl; Nju;tpd; %yk; vspjhf fpuhkg;Gwq;fisAk; Nru;e;j kUj;Jtu;fis kUj;Jtf; fy;tpapy; ,lk; ngw tha;g;G ,g;NghJ fhzKbe;jJ. xg;gPl;lstpy; ,Ue;jhYk;> jq;fisg; Nghd;W  20

|  ,d;iwa gh.[.f muirg; nghUj;j kl;by; Kjy; jiyKiw kUj;Jtu;fs; ,dp tUtJ mJ nkhopthup khepyk; vd;fpw fbdk; vd;w vz;zk; cs;sJ! fUj;jhf;fj;ijNa Vw;gjpy;iy. ,e;jpaj; ‘ePl;’ fl;lhakhjiy Mjupg;gtu;fis Jizf; fz;lj;jpy; cs;s nkhop rhu; mi- ,U rhuuhfg; gpupf;fyhk;. xU rhuu; efu;g;Gw lahsq;fis mopj;J kjk; rhu;e;j xw;iw Nky; jl;bdu;. ,d;ndhU rhuu; ,jd; milahsj;Jld; $ba ,e;jpahit murpay; tpisTfisAk; murpd; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; fdT fhZk; Nehf;fq;fisAk; Gupahjtu;fs;> my;yJ Mu;.v];.v]; mikg;ggpd; nfhs;if ,e;j Gupe;Jk; mJ Fwpj;Jf; ftiyg; glhjtu;fs;. ehl;il mjd; nkhop milahsq;fis ,e;j ,uz;lhktu;fs; fl;lha ‘ePl;’ I mopj;J> 72 epu;thf myFfshfg; gpupf;f Mjupg;gjw;Ff; fz;Lgpbj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; xNu Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;. ,e;j Nehf;fpy;jhd; fhuzk; mjd; %yk; ‘ehkf;fy; ghzp xNu nkhop NgRk; njYq;F kf;fspy; xU g;uha;yu;’ gs;spfSk; ‘NfgpNl\\d; nfhs;is’ ghjpahd njyq;fhdh kf;fs; jdp khepyk; fSk; xopf;fg;gLk; vd;gJjhd;. ,JTk; xU NfhupaNghJ mijj; jPtpukhf mtu;fs; mg;ghtpj;jdhkhd ek;gpf;ifjhd;. ,e;jg; Mjupj;jdu;. gs;spfs; vy;yhk; CBSE f;F khWtJ jtpu kf;fl; r%fq;fis mtu;fs; ,g;NghNj ,yl;rf; fzf;fhd &gha; jdpj;Jtkhd gz;ghl;L milahsq;fSld; gapw;rpf; fl;lzj;Jld; ‘ePl;’ Nju;Tf;fhd $ba r%f myFfshf mtu;fs; rpwg;Gg; gapw;rpfisAk; ,it njhlq;fp Vw;gjpy;iy. mg;gbahd ,d milahs tpl;ld. kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfisg; nghUj;j Ntu;fspy; ,Ue;J kf;fis mWj;njwpe;J kl;by; fy;Y}up Kjyhspf;F xJf;fg;gLk; 50 (deracination)> ,e;jpa mstpy; xU rj ‘NkNd[;nkd;l; Nfhlh’ tpy; tof;fk; gd;ikj;Jt mopg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tJ Nghyf; nfhs;isfs; njhluj;jhd; NghfpwJ. mtu;fspd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfspy; ,e;j khjpupf; nfhs;isfis xopf;Fk; xd;W. tpUg;GWjp cs;s muRfs; tUk; tiu ‘,e;jpah’ vDk; fUj;jhf;fj;ij ,tw;Wf;F ‘ePl;’ Nju;T %yk; vy;yhk; KbT mtu;fs; ve;ehSk; gy nkhop NgRfpw fl;l ,ayhJ. gy,d>> gykj kf;fs; thOk; xU gd;ikr; ,tu;fs; kiwf;Fk; my;yJ kwf;Fk; r%fkhf Vw;wjpy;iy. xw;iw Mgj;jhd ‘ePl;’ murpay; Fwpj;Jr; milahsj;Jld; $ba xw;iwr; r%fkhfNt RUf;fkhfg; ghu;g;Nghk;. ,e;jpar; r%fq;fis milahsk; fhZk; khepyq;fspd; cupikfs; kw;Wk; mtu;fs; khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fs; kPJ khepyq;fspd; jdpj;Jtk; vd;gij kj;jpa fhl;Lk; fho;g;Gzu;it ,e;j Nehf;fpypUe;J Ml;rpahsu;fs; rpwpJk; kjpg;gjpy;iy. ehk; rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpak;. fy;tpiag; nghUj;j kl;by; mJ cs;Shu; ngUikf;Fupa rhjidfis vy;yhk; mstpy; jPu;khdpf;fg;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;f nra;Js;s khepyf; fy;tp thupaq;fspd; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; fy;tpahsu;fspd; mjpfhuq;fis vy;yhk; mopj;J mij fUj;J. lhf;lu; mk;Ngj;fu; jiyikapy; ek; ntWk; gs;sp ,Wjpahz;Lj; Nju;Tr; murpay; rl;lk; tbtikf;fg;gl;l NghJ rhd;wpjio mr;rpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; fy;tp khepyg; gl;baypy; jhd; epWtdkhf khw;WtJjhd; ,d;W ,tu;fspd; itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp neUf;fb Nehf;fk;. cau; fy;tpf;nfd cs;s UGC, epiy nfhz;L te;J [dehfj;ij Klf;fpa ACTE, MCI Kjyhd epWtdq;fis vy;yhk; fhyfl;lj;jpy;jhd; fy;tp kj;jpa – khepyg; mopj;J vy;yh mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpapy; gl;baYf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lJ. Ftpf;fg;gl;l ‘cau; mjpfhu eLtz;  21

|  mikg;G’ xd;iw mikg;gJ Fwpj;J 2014 mtrur; rl;lk; xd;W ,aw;Wq;fs;. tpyf;F mspf;f KbT nra;Js;Nshk;” vd;fpwhu;. Nju;jy; mwpf;ifapy; gh[f NgrpaJ. ,d;W mtrur; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gLfpwJ. mjd; fjp vd;dhr;R vd;why; “vdf;Fj; njupahJ” vdj; mJ ntspapl;Ls;s Gjpa fy;tpf; nfhs;i- jpkpu;j;jdj;Jld; gjpy; tUfpwJ. ePjpkd;wk; tprhupf;Fk;NghJ mnjy;yhk; tpyf;F fapYk; mJ cs;sJ. khepy mspf;f KbahJ vd mj;Jiz Mztj;Jld; gjpy; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. milahsq;fis mopj;J kj;jpag;gLj;Jk; ,ijnay;yhk; ,jd; gpd;dhy; cs;s ,e;j murpaiyg; Gupe;J nfhs;shky; vg;gb mtu;fsJ Nehf;fj;jpd; Xuq;fk;jhd; ‘ePl;’. tpsf;f ,aYk;? Vw;fdNt ,q;F nray;gl;LtUk; JEE, NIT ,Wjpahf ,d;ndhd;iwAk; ehk; Kjyhdtw;Wld; ,g;NghJ ‘ePl;’Lk; Nru;e;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ‘ePl;’ Mf ,Uf;fl;Lk;> nghJ tpepNahf Kiwf;fhd nfhs;fpwJ. epaha tpiyf; filfis Cj;jp %Ltjhf ,Uf;fl;Lk;> GST tupahfl;Lk; ,tw;iw fy;tpj;Jiwjhd; ,sk; gps;isfs; vy;yhk; ehk; cyfkar; nray;ghLfspd; gpd;dzpapy; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Kfpo;j;J ntspg;gLk; ehw;wq;fhy;. mq;Nf kf;fspd; xg;Gjy; ,y;yhky; ,tupy; vy;yhk; kj;jpa muR fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L if itg;gJ vd;gJ mtu;fspd; kpf ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl;L tUtjd; tpisTfs; ,it. ,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;l mstpy; mbg;gilahd mZfy;Kiwfspy; xd;W. fy;tp mjpfhuj;ij kj;jpa muR jd; iff;Fs; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ ,d;W ,jw;F mjw;Fs; gd;Kfg; Nghf;FfSf;F mtrpakhfpwJ. th[;Ngap jiyikapy; ,Ue;j gh[f muRjhd; md;W fy;tpia xU ,lkpUf;fNt $lhJ. mjdhy;jhd; mtu;fs; tzpfj;Jf;Fupa Nrit vd Vw;Wf; ifnahg;gk; ,l;lJ vd;gijAk; ehk; Ml;rpf;F te;jTld; gy;fiyf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fofq;fSf;Fs; nray;gl;l Rje;jpukhd murpay; Nghf;Ffspd; kPJ ifitj;jdu;. cyf mstpy; Gfo; ngw;w nly;yp JNU-tpy; khztu; jiytu;fs; fd;idah Fkhu;> cku; fhypj; Nghd;Nwhu; rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;ldu;. e[Pg; vDk; Ma;T khztu; fhzhkybf;fg;gl;L Xuhz;L Kbag; NghfpwJ. mq;F epakpf;fg;gl;l Gjpa JizNte;ju; gjtp Vw;w gpd; khztu;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l mguhjj; njhif kl;Lk; ehd;F ,yl;rk; &gha;. mLj;J i`juhghj; kj;jpa gy;fiyf; fofk;. mq;F gy;fiyf; fof [dehafj;Jld; Nru;j;J Nuh`pj; ntKyhTk; gyp nfhs;sg;gl;lhu;.mg;Gwk; [hjt;G+u; gy;fiyf; fofk;> nrd;id IIT…. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpfis vy;yhk; kwe;Jtpl;L “ePl;’ gpur;rpidapy; Nkhb muRk;> epu;kyh rPjhuhkd; Nghd;wtu;fSk; fhl;ba myl;rpaj;ijg; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAkh? xU khepy rl;l kd;wk; fl;rp NtWghLfis vy;yhk; kPwp ePl;bypUe;J Xuhz;NlDk; tpyf;F Ntz;Lk; vdj; jPu;khdk; ,aw;WfpwJ. xU kj;jpa mikr;ru;> “ePq;fs;  22

23

    ,e;jpaf; fhl;nlUJ vdg;gLtJ ,e;jpaf; fhLfspy; fhzg;gLk; Xu; Mtpdk;. ,J khL ,dq;fspNyNa kpfg;ngupa clysitf; nfhz;lJ MFk;. ,t;tpyq;F flkh> fhl;Lg;gR> fhl;lh> kiu> fl;Nlzp> fhl;LNghj;J vd;W gy ngau;fspy; mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. njd;fpof;F Mrpag; gFjpapy; fhl;nlUikapy; ehd;F tifahd cs;rpw;wpdq;fs; ,Ug;gjhf mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. fhl;nlUikapd; %jhija ,dk; Mrpa fz;lj;jpy; Rkhu; 20 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G Njhd;wpajhf mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J gPfhu; kw;Wk; Nfhth khepyq;fspd; khepy tpyq;fhFk;. clyikg;G ngUk;ghyhd tpyq;Ffspy; Mz; tpyq;Ffs; ngupajha; mofha; ,Ug;gijg; Nghd;W fhl;nlU- ik gRf;fisf; fhl;bYk; clyikg;gpy; ngupait. taJte;j vUJ Rkhu; 600 Kjy; 1000 fpNyh vilAk; 1.6 Kjy; 1.9 kPl;lu; cauKk; ,Uf;Fk;. gRf;fs; vilastpy;> Mzpd; vilapy; ehd;fpy; xU gq;Nf ,Uf;Fk;. ,Ughy; tpyq;Ffspd; thy; ePsk; mz;zsthf (Vwf;Fiwa) 70 Kjy; 100 nr.kP tiu ,Uf;Fk;. ,J taijAk; cliyAk; nghWj;J khWgLk;. ,t;tpyq;Ffspd;  24

cly; Nkw;Njhy; mlu;j;jpahd gSg;G mUfhikapYk; tho;gitahFk;. epwkapu;fshy; MdJ. Njf;F kuf;fhLf- spYk; ,iyAjpu; fhLfspYk; thOk; fhl;n- ,e;jpah>tq;fNjrk;> G+l;lhd;> fk;Nghbah> lUikfs; $Ljyhf mlu;epwj;jpy; ,Uf;fp- d;wd. Mz; tpyq;Ffspd; mirjhil fPo;f; rPdh> ijthd;> kNyrpah> kpahd;ku;> Neghs;> filthapypUe;J Kd;dq;fhy;fs; tiu ePz;L ,Uf;Fk;. gRf;fSf;F ehd;F jha;yhe;J> kw;Wk; tpal;ehk; Mfpa fhk;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd;. vUJfspd; KJFg;g- Fjpy; cs;s jpkpy;fs; gRf;fistplg; ehLfspYk; ,it tho;fpd;wd. ngupajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,Ughy; tpyq;FfS- f;Fk; mfd;w nfhk;Gfs; cz;L. nfhk;Gf- ,dg;ngUf;fk; spd; mbj;jsk; kQ;rs; epwkhfTk; $u;ikahd nfhk;G Kidfs; fUg;G epwj;- fhl;nlUikapd; R+y;nfhs;sy; fhyk; jpYk; fhzg;gLk;. mjpf msthf nfhk;Gfs; Rkhu; 80 nr.kP ePsk; tiu tsUk;. Rkhu; 275 ehl;fs; MFk;. jha; fhl;nlUik thOk; ,lk;> ehLfs; ngUk;ghYk; xU fd;iwNah> kpf mupjhf ,t;tpyq;Ffs; Gy;ntspfs; epiwe;j Njf;Fku fhLfs;> ,iyAjpu; <uf;fhLfs;> ,uz;L fd;WfisNah <d;nwLf;Fk;. fd;W %q;fpw;fhLfs;> ,iyAjpu; cyu;fhLfs;> kiof;fhLfs; Kjypa ntg;gkz;lyf; VO Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fs; tiu jhapd; fhLfspYk; Njapiyj;Njhl;lq;fSf;F mutizg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W tajhFk; NghJ ,sq;fd;Wfs; ,dg;ngUf;f Kjpu;r;rp milfpd;wd. fhl;nlUikfspd; tho;ehs; Rkhu; 30 taJ tiu ,Uf;fyhk; vdf; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. Mz;L KOtJk; ,dg;ngUf;fk; ele;jhYk;> brk;gu; Kjy; [_d; tiuapyhd fhyj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ,dg;ngUf;fk; elf;fpwJ. gy Kiw ghu;j;jpUe;jhYk; vdf;F Kjy; Kiw ghu;f;Fk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; mNj gpuk;kpg;Ng fpilf;fpwJ.... tpyq;FfSf;fhf gilf;fg;gl;l kz;izj;jhd; kdpjd; mgfupj;Jf; nfhz;lhd; tpyq;Ffs; my;y....  tpyq;Ffis...    25

26

 VISTING CARD- No  Visiting Card-y; Vw;gLk; mopit ,Jtiu ehk; vd;d vd;W epidj;JUf;fkhl;Nlhk;. Kjypy; mJgw;wp njupe;Jnfhs;Nthk; . xt;nthU Mz;Lk; 100 gpy;ypad; Visiting Card cyfstpy; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. me;j Visiting Card jahupf;f fpl;lj;jl;l 6 kpy;ypad; kuq;fis nfhd;W> ntl;LfpNwhk;> Jz;bf;fpNwhk;. ,jpy; Nkhrkhd tprpak; vd;dntd;why; Visiting Card kw;wtu;fSf;F jug;gl;l xU thuj;jp- w;Fs;> mtu;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 90% J}f;fp vwpag;gLfpwJ. fhfpj cw;gj;jp Rw;Wr;R+oYf;F xU NguopT. fhfpj cw;gj;jp tsq;fis tbfl;LfpwJ kw;Wk; tspkz;lyj;jpw;Fk; ePu;epiyfSf;Fk; ckpo;itr; Nru;f;Fk; midj;J cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fspYk; kpfTk; khRgLj;JfpwJ. fhfpj cw;gj;jp vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl fhfpjj;ij jahupf;f xU A+dpl;Lf;F mjpf jz;zPiug; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. ,uz;L gTz;L fhfpjj;ij jahupf;f 324 ypl;lu; jz;zPu; Njitg;gLfpwJ.  27

|  kPz;Lk; njhopy;El;g fz;Lgpbg;G ekJ Rw;Wr;R+oy; gpur;rpidfis jPu;f;fpwJ. ePq;fs; ,dp fhfpj khRghl;L tzpfj;jpy; gq;Nfw;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,d;W cq;fs; fhfpjkpy;yhj tzpf ml;ilfis (Digital Business Card) tbtikj;J> fhfpj tzpf ml;il gad;ghl;bd; NguopT eilKiwapypUe;J mtu;fs; vt;thW tpyfyhk; vd;gij kw;wtu;fSf;Ff; fhl;Lq;fs;. Digital Business Card-ia ePq;fNs tb- tikj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ,jw;fhf gpujpNahfkhd ,izajsq;fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; ePq;fs; ,ytrkhf jq;fSf;F Ntz;ba tbtpy; cUthf;fyhk;. ,jw;F ve;jtpjkhd jpwikAk; Ntz;bajpy;iy. Internet gad;gLj;j njupe;j midtUk; vspjpy; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;. jw;NghJ Googlek; Google Peopels Card vd;w xU Option-ia nfhLj;Js;sJ. Digital Business Card rpwg;G mk;rq;fs; 1. ,J Visiting Card-ia tpl kpfTk; kypthdit 2.Online %yk; ahUf;FNtz;LkhYk; Share nra;Jnfhs;syhk; 3.,ij Visting Card Nghd;W vLj;Jr;nry;y Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy 4.vg;NghJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; clNd ghu;f;fyhk; 5.VNjDk; khw;wk; nra;aNtz;Lkhdhy; clNd nra;Jnfhs;syhk; 6.,jdhy; Rw;WR+oy; ghjpg;G Vw;glhJ 7.Nghl;Nlh]; tPbNah Nghd;w jfty;fis ,jpy; mikj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; NkYk; Digital Business Card vg;gb jahupf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w nra;Kiw tpsf;fk; mlq;fpah tPbNah gjpT fPNonfhLf;fg;gl;l QR Code-y; cs;sJ.  28

         v v v   v v    v   - R  29

 epyj;ij itj;jpUf;Fk; cupikahsu; xU epyj;ijNah my;yJ kidiaNah msf;f Kw;gLk; nghOJ .. ngUk;ghYk; me;j msTfspy; ekf;F gy tp\\aq;fs; Guptjpy;iy Fwpg;ghf epytiuglk; FMB gw;wp njspthf ekf;Fj; njuptjpy;iy mJ ekf;F Gupahj xU GjpuhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ vdNt xU epyj;ij vg;gb msf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij njupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;why; FMB vdg;gLk; Gy tiuglj;ij gw;wp Kjypy; ed;whf njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.. ru;Nt Gy tiug;glj;jpy; fz;bg;ghf njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba 7 Kf;fpa nra;jpfs; : 1. xU FMB apy; epyj;jpd; msTfs;> cl;gpupT vz;fs;> tpsf;fpfs; mUfpy; cs;s ru;Nt vz;fs; Mfpait ,Uf;Fk;. 2. xU ru;Nt vz;zpd; vy;iy NfhLfSf;F ngau; F iyd; vd;W ngau; ( FIELD BOUNDARY LINE). 3. FWf;F tpl;lkhf tUk; iyDf;F G iyd; vd;W ngau; mjhtJ A apypUe;J D f;F ,t;tsT J}uk; vd;W fzf;fpl;L tpLthu;fs;. 4. NkYk; E apypUe;J B f;Fk; tpl;lkhf xU iyDk; mjd; msTk; Nghl;L ,Ug;gu;> mJTk; G. iyd; MFk;. 5. ,uz;L G iydpy; VjhtJ xU fy; fhzhky; NghdhYk; kw;w G iyid itj;J fhzhky; Nghd fy; vq;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fz;Lg; gpbg;gu;. 6. kPl;lu; fzf;fpy; jhd; FMB apy; msTfis vOJthu;fs;. 30

|  Vf;fu; – 100 nrd;l; 1 Vf;fu; – 0.404694 n`f;Nlu; 7. xNu ru;Nt vz;zpy; 15 Vf;fUf;F 1 Vf;fu; – 40.5 Vu;]; Nky; ,Ue;jhy; 1:5000 vd;Wk;> nfhQ;rk; 1 Vf;fu; – 43560 r.mb Fiwthf ,Ug;gpd; 1:2000 vd;Wk;> kpfrpwpa 1 Vf;fu; – 4046 r kP epykhf ,Ue;jhy; 1:1000vd;Wk; ,Uf;Fk;. 1 Vf;fu; epyj;ij msf;Fk; msT Kiwfs; nrz;l; – 001 Vf;fu; 1 nrz;l; – 0040 n`f;Nlu; *********************************************** 1 nrz;l; – 0.405 Vu;]; epyj;ij msf;fpd;w mstPLfs;! 1 nrz;l; – 435.54 r.mb 1 nrz;l; – 40.46 r kP xt;nthU gFjpfspy; xt;nthU mstPl;L 1 nrz;l; Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;iw epr;rakhf Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;ehby; 3 mstPl;L Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 1. ghuk;gupa ehl;L tof;F mstPLfs; n`f;Nlu; : Fop> kh> Ntyp> fhzp> kuf;fh> 2. gpupl;b]; tof;F mstPLfs; : 1 n`f;Nlu; – 2.47 Vf;fu; rJumb> nrd;l;> Vf;fu;> Nghd;wit 1 n`f;Nlu; – 247 nrz;l; 1 n`f;Nlu; – 100 Vu;]; 3. nkl;upf; tof;F msTfs; : r.kPl;lu;> 1 n`f;Nlu; – 107637.8 r.mb Vu;];> n`f;Nlu;]; 1 n`f;Nlu; – 10>000 r kP Vu;]; Mdhy; vy;yh gl;lh Mtzq;fSk; nkl;upf; 1 Vu; – 2.47 nrz;l; msTKiwfspy; Vu;];> n`f;Nlupy; jhd; 1 Vu; – 100 r.kP ,Uf;fpd;wd. 1 Vu; – 1076 r.mb epy mstPLfs; – 40.47 rJu kPl;lu; 100 Fop - xU kh – 43>560 rJu mb 20 kh - xU Ntyp ********************* – 40.47 Vu;]; 3.5 kh - xU Vf;fu; 1 nrd;l; – 10>000 rJu kPl;lu; 6.17 Vf;fu; - xU Ntyp 1 Vf;fu; – 435.6 rJu mb 1 Vf;fu; – 100 rJu kPl;lu; 1 Vf;fupd; ePsk; - 1 gu;yhq;> 40 fk;gq;fs;> 1 n`f;Nlu; – 144 rJu mb my;yJ 220 nf[k; 1 nrd;l; – 3 Fop 1 Vf;fupd; mfyk; - 1 rq;fpyp> 4 fk;gq;fs;> 1 Vu;]; – 1 Vf;fu;u my;yJ 22 nf[k; 1 Fop – 435.6 rJu mb 1 nrd;l; – 100 Fop 3 kh – 18 fpuTz;L 3 Fop – 2>400 rJu mbfs; 1 kh 1 Vf;fu; 1 fpuTz;L  31

|  ePl;lysit jw;nghOJ Vu; mjpfkhfg; gad;ghl;by; 10 Nfhz; 10 Ez;zZ - 1 Ez;zZ ,y;iy vd;whYk; n`f;Nlu; ,d;Wk; 8 mZ - 1 mZ 8 fjpu;j;Jfs; - 1 fjpu;j;Jfs; epyq;fis msf;Fk; NghJ 8 JRk;G - 1 JRk;G 8 kapu;Edp - 1 kapu;Edp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 8 Ez;kzy; - 1 Ez;kzy; 8 rpW fLF - 1 rpW fLF epyq;fis msf;Fk;NghJ nghJthfg; 8 vs; - 1 vs; 8 ney; - 1 ney; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; myF Vf;fu; MFk;. 12 tpuy; - 1 tpuy; 2 rhz; - 1 rhz; 1 Vf;fu; 4>840 rJu nf[k; 43>560 rJu 4 Kok; - 1 Kok; 6000 ghfk; - 1 ghfk; mb 4046.8564224 rJu kPl;lu; 4 fhjk; - 1 fhjk; (1200 f[k;) - 1 Nahrid 1 rJu iky; 640 Vf;fu; 2.5899881103 rJu fpNyh kPl;lu; epy msit 100 r.kP - 1 Vu;]; 100 Vu;]; - 1 n`f;Nlu; 1 r.kP - 10 .764 r mb 2400 r.mb - 1 kid topasit 24 kid - 1 fhzp 8 Njhiu(ney;) - 1 tpuy; 1 fhzp - 1 .32 Vf;fu; 12 tpuy; - 1 rhz; 144 r.mq;Fyk; - 1 rJu mb 2 rhz; - 1 Kok; 435 . 6 rJu mb - 1 nrd;l; 4 Kok; - 1 ghfk; my;yJ jz;lk; 1000 r ypq;f;]; - 1 nrd;l; 2000 jz;lk; - 1 FNuhrk; 21/4iky; 100 nrd;l; - 1 Vf;fu; 4 FNuhrk; - 1 Nahrid 71/2 ehopif 1yl;rk; r.ypq;f;]; - 1 Vf;fu; top - 1 fhjk; (10iky;) 2.47 Vf;fu; - 1 n`f;Nlu; 1 n`f;Nlu; = 2.5 Vf;fu; (2.47 Vf;fu; ) epytsit Fopf;fzf;F tUkhW 1 Vf;fu; = 4840 Fop (Square Yard) 16 rhz; - 1 Nfhy; 18 Nfhy; - 1 Fop 100 nrd;l; = 4840 rJu Fopfs; 100 Fop - 1 kh 240 Fop - 1 ghlfk; 1 nrd;l; = 48.4 rJu Fopfs; 1 Vf;fu; = 4067.23 rJu kPl;lu; (Sq. Meter ) 1 Vf;fu; = 43560 rJu mb fd;ntu;\\d; 1 rJu mq;Fyk; - 6.4516 rJu nrz;bkPl;lu; 1 rJu mb - 0.09290304 rJu kPl;lu; 1 rJu nf[k; - 0.83612736 rJu kPl;lu; 1 rJu iky; - 2.589988110336 rJu fpNyhkPl;lu; gpw myFfs;1 Vu; - 100 rJu kPl;lu; = 1 n`f;Nlu; = 100 Vu; = 10>000 rJu kPl;lu; = 0.01 rJu fpNyhkPl;lu;  32

33