Yashaswi 9F Biology activity

Biology Project Topic- Mitosis

Cell Division •Cell division happens when a parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. All cells reproduce by splitting into two, where each parental cell gives rise to two daughter cells. These newly formed daughter cells could themselves divide and grow, giving rise to a new cell population that is formed by the division and growth of a single parental cell and



Types of Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis • The process cells use to • Meiosis is the process in make exact replicas of which a single cell divides themselves. Mitosis is twice to form four haploid observed in almost all the daughter cells. body’s cells, including • These cells are the eyes, skin, hair and muscle gametes- sperms in males cells. and egg in female. • Most of the cells divide for growth.

Mitosis Diagram

Four stages of Mitosis

Prophase •In the first phase ie prophase, a centriole, located outside the nucleus divides. The long, threadlike material of the nucleus coils up into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane disappears. From the centrioles, long, thin strands extend in all directions. Many of these from one centriole join with strands from the other to form the spindle.

Metaphase •The second phase of mitosis is metaphase, in which the chromosomes move into the equatorial plane of the spindle. It is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second most condensed and coiled stage. These chromosomes carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells.

Anaphase •As the third phase ie anaphase begins, the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Once the chromatids separate, they are called chromosomes. In this way a complete set of chromosomes migrates toward each centriole. It separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to

Telophase •In the last phase ie telophase, the cell divides. The changes now taking place are the reverse of those that occurred during prophase, the chromosomes uncoil, new membranes form around the nuclei, and the fibres of the spindle disappear. The cell has divided and the two identical cells are now ready to begin their first period of growth. The name derives from the Latin word telos which means end.

Diagram

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