Intercultural Dialogue 51 the opportunities for intercultural dialogue are expanding. For Good-bye! example, we can get acquainted with the stage art and folklore of the countries of Central Asia thanks to television and the Internet. Such links are developing intercultural dialogue, which means that people are brought together. This is in full conformity with the spirit of the «Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Forms of Cultural Expressions», which encourages various forms of cultural expression, a dialogue between cultures, cultural exchanges, and interpenetration of cultures. Well, now, I am inviting you to a restaurant. Restaurants can be different: a restaurant of national cuisine, vegetarian. We'll visit a restaurant for intellectuals. Do you see the cook? He asks you a question: «Have you satisfied your hunger?» Make your order, remember to choose the most delicious intellectual dishes of today's class. – I would have eaten more of this ... – Most of all I liked … – I have almost digested ... – This restaurant … – I ate too much of... – Please add … Write down your wishes in the review book. It's time to say goodbye. Have a good day!
52 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 10. Alphabet of Ancient BeliefsHello! During this lesson we shall learn: 1. What is religion 2. Historical forms of religions Hello, dear friend! We are together again. I am very glad to see you. I hope our today’s meeting will be interesting and productive. «Magic Gifts» Game I suggest you take part in one very good magic game. Promise that you and your friends will fulfill all the conditions of the game to the end. Use your imagination and imagine that you and your friends are a group of ancient magi, and maybe shamans. A new person has been born, and you and your friends should gift him something special. Each of the magi will utter a magic spell and reward the baby with a gift. For example, you say: “Abra-kadabra, I gift you with a kind heart”. Now, to make the wishes come true, shake hands with your neighbor on the left and on the right. If you are studying on your own, just make up a list of magic gifts and, of course, do not forget about the magic spell. Let’s play? This game is not chosen accidentally. What thoughts does it give you? Maybe your abilities of a sorcerer or a shaman will tell you the topic of our lesson? Of course, it is a joke. And yet, what shall we discuss at today's lesson? Give your ideas. Today we have a very interesting and relevant topic - religion. Let's think, what is religion? First of all, draw a sun. Now we will name each ray. One ray means one association with the concept of religion. Let’s start!
Intercultural Dialogue 53 Now, after analyzing your associations, generalize them and tryto give your definition of religion. For your information, there are about 500 definitions of thisconcept in the world. We will also make our contribution. Religion is – ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Let’s verify with the dictionary. Dictionary http://slovari.299.ru/word.php?id=30050&sl=oj Religion (from Latin religio - piety, relic, object of worship) is aset of spiritual beliefs based on faith in the existence of Godor gods,supernatural forces, as well as appropriate behavior and specificactions. Do not forget to write a new definition in your copybook. I foresee your question: when did religion appear? Religion has been present in human life since time immemorial.People tried to understand the meaning of life, to explainincomprehensible phenomena through the interpretation of religion. The beliefs of ancient people are called ancient beliefs byscholars.
54 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Task I suggest that you and your friends split into two groups. If you prefer to work alone, no problem. All tasks are for you. Now carefully read the rules of working with the text. This time you will have to use the following sign system. V – what was already known; + – new, unexpected information; – – information, contradicting your views; ? – information is not clear. After reading the paragraph, put the appropriate sign, then writedown the key phrase in the table:I know I have learnt I’d like to know I disagree new information TEXT № 1 One of the most common religion of primitive (ancient) peopleisanimism. Dictionary Animism (from Latin anima – spirit, soul) – belief in the existenceof spirits, souls. ! Do not forget to write down in your copybook The earliest form of animism was belief in spirits. The worldof a primitive (ancient) peoplewas inhabited by these spirits. Fora primitive man, spirits were not something supernatural, theybelonged to the same natural order as other things and phenomenaof nature. Their only distinguishing feature - the ability to beelusive, to take the form of any object, wood, stone. The world ofspirits is an invisible world. Later, this invisible world began to beendowed with a mysterious power, the division into good and evilspirits began. The highest form of development of animism is beliefin the relatively independent existence of the soul.
Intercultural Dialogue 55 Totemism Dictionary Totemism is a belief in the existence of a special kind of mystical connection between a group of people (tribe, generation) and a certain kind of animal. Its appearance is closely connected with the economic activity of the primitive man - gathering and hunting. Animals and plants that gave people the opportunity to exist became objects of worship. Magic A significant place in the life of primitive man was occupied by magic. Dictionary Magic (from Greek magica - sorcery, enchantment) - a set of beliefs and rituals, based on the belief in the mysterious forces through which, by certain symbolic actions, it is possible to influence people, objects, course of events in the direction necessary for a person. Fetishism Ancient (Primitive) people also believed that the bearers of this mysterious power could be specific objects - fetishes. Dictionary Fetish (from Portuguese feitico - amulet, magic thing). The object of worship could be any object that struck the imagination of man: an unusual stone, a piece of wood, an animal's tooth, an artfully made figure, a piece of jewelry. TEXT NO. 2 People of ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, etc. had their religions. What forms of religion were characteristic of the inhabitants of Central Asia? These are Tengri, Jer-Su, Umai, Shamanism and Paganism, the cult of Mithras, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Christianity (Nestorianism), Zoroastrianism. The diversity and brightness of religious beliefs advocate for wealth and multivariate culture of the inhabitants of Central Asia.
56 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Dictionary Tengrianism is the religion of the Turkic-Mongolian nomads of the Eurasian steppes, in which there is a cult of Tengri- a deified sky. The cult of Tengri is a cult of the blue sky. Kipchaks called it Tengri, Tatars - Tengri, Altaians - Tengri, Tengeri, Turks - Tanri, Yakuts - Tangara, Kumyks - Tengiri, Balkar- Karachais - Teiri, Mongols - Tenger, Chuvash - Tura. The ancient Turks believed that the universe was being ruled by Tengri-khan, the supreme deity; deities Yer-sub, Umai, Erlik, Earth, Water, Fire, Sun, Moon, Stars, Air, Clouds, Wind, Hurricane, Thunder and Lightning, Rain, Rainbow. In any life situations they addressed Tengri for help. Tengri worshipers believed in the afterlife, revered ancestors, worshiped fire. Dictionary Shamanism is an early form of religion, based on the belief in the communication of a shaman with spirits in a state of trance (kamlaniye). Shamanism is associated with magic, animism, fetishism and totemism. A shaman is the chosen one by the spirits. This means that people become shamans neither by their own will, nor because of training, but by the will of the spirit who is moving into them. SHAMANS PERFORMED THE ROLE OF HEALERS AND PROPHETERS. Dictionary Zoroastrianism is a religion, founded in the 8th or 7th centuries BC, by a reformer of the ancient Iranian religion named Zarathushtra (Greek Zoroaster). The teachings of Zarathushtraare described in the Avesta - a collection of sacred books. Zoroastrianism recognizes two divine principles: the bright, personified by the good God Ahuramazda and the dark evil, personified by the evil god Angro-Mainyu. Both great deities are equal creators of the world. The main idea of Zoroastrianism is overcoming evil.
Intercultural Dialogue 57 According to Zaratushtra, the deities (AmeshaSpenta) created seven perfect creations: heaven, earth, water, plants, a meek and merciful cow, fire and man. They are constantly spoilt by dirt, disease, rust, mud, mold, stench, wilt, decay - all this is the creation of Angro-Mainyu (Ahriman) and his warriors. Dictionary Manicheism is a religious doctrine that appeared in the third century in the Sassanid state (on the territory of modern Iran). Named after its founder – Mani. The basis of the doctrine is the doctrine of the existence of good and evil, light and darkness. Manichaeism absorbed the main theories, ideas and rituals of religions such as Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Buddhism and other old religions of the East. Now let us listen to you and your friends. Task «Free exchange of opinions» What does it mean? You will evaluate the lesson, share yourimpressions. You can think of nominations for yourself and for yourfriends.çàëîóò÷âøåèòé for the best answeróçòà îë÷óâí÷îÿøïþðèùîéñèé for the best clarifying question;êçîàìëìóòå÷åíøçòèèàñéàðèé for the best comment on the thesis;çâàûëàñêóí÷ààøçëûèèâçéàíèÿ for the best analysis of the statement;for the best addition;çäàîïëóî÷ëøíååíåèå
58 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e îðèãèçíààëüíîñòü for originality; ðçààññïãìëðóîîááòèëðíååìóíûèÿ for the depth of problem study; âçûàîñëòòóó÷ãïðøëóååïåíïèûå for the best performance in the team; çýàêñëïìóå÷íðøåòíåíèåîåå for the best expert opinion; çà îñöóåæíîäå÷ííèûÿå for value judgments.Good-bye! AND, AS USUALLY, FINISH THE SENTENCES: Today I learned ... It was interesting… It was difficult… I did the tasks ... I realized that ... Now I can… I felt that ... I obtained ... I learned… I managed … I could ... I'll try… I was surprised ... The lesson gave me for life ... I wanted… You are doing great. Good job! It's time to say: «See you soon in the world of knowledge!»
Intercultural Dialogue 59 Lesson 11. Judaism Hello! During this lesson, we will learn: 1. About Judaism Hello, dear friend! I am glad to see you! Audio/Video File Let us listen to one parable. What is this parable about? Could you guess what we will discuss today? We will talk about one of the most ancient religions of the world: Judaism. Dictionary Judaism Judaism is one of the oldest religions in the world. This monotheistic religion (from the words: mono - one, Theos - God), originated in the 2nd millennium BC. Jews were the first to proclaim the God as the Creator of the Universe. Monotheism is originated from the words mono – one, and Theos - God. ! Do not forget to record the new words in the dictionary. Another name for Judaism is the Jewish religion. The scriptures of Judaism are the Tanakh and the Talmud. The Tanakh consists of three parts, the main of which is the Torah, written in Classical Hebrew. Dictionary The Torah is the sacred writings of Judaism The followers of Judaism call themselves Jews. The Jew is not a nationality, but the affiliation to the religion. The first Jew is Abraham who lived 18th century BC. Forced by hunger, his heirs left to Egypt and were enslaved by an Egyptian pharaoh. Then the
60 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e God told the prophet Moses to withdraw his people from Egypt to free them from slavery. Do you like cartoons? Would you like to create a cartoon yourself? Now, you and your friends will turn into cartoonists. Any cartoon needs a script. The script will be based on legends and historical facts. The colouring pictures will be the cartoon frames. Your task is to make the pictures colourful, read the legend, to put the pictures in right order, and then to show it to your friends. Cartoon script Legend The book of Exodus outlines the sacred history of the departure of the Jewish people from Egypt: from the beginning of the oppression of the descendants of Jacob to the construction and consecration of the marching temple - the Tabernacle. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born at a time when his nation was growing in number, and the Pharaoh of Egypt was concerned that the Israelis could help the enemies of Egypt. Dictionary Pharaoh – the supreme ruler of Egypt When the Pharaoh ordered to kill all the new-born boys, the mother of Moses, Jochebed hid him in a basket and let the basket down the Nile River. Soon, the basket was found by the pharaoh’s daughter who decided to adopt the child. When Moses grew up, he saw the oppression of his fellow tribesmen. He killed an Egyptian overseer who was crude to an Israelite man and escaped from Egypt to the land of the Midianites. Here, the God was talking to him from the Unburnt Bush and ordered Moses to return to Egypt and to ask the Pharaoh to let the Israelites go. Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt through the Red Sea, and then they stopped at the Mount Sinai where the God gave Moses the Ten Commandments: 1. I am the Lord thy God (No other gods before me) 2. No graven images or likenesses 3. Not take the Lord's name in vain 4. Remember the sabbath day 5. Honour thy father and thy mother
Intercultural Dialogue 61 6. Thou shalt not kill 7. Thou shalt not commit adultery 8. Thou shalt not steal 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour 10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, nor thy neighbour’s wife Creative Work Revive the images with colour pencils (online colouring) Have you solved the task? Well done! I am happy for you. Bestwishes and see you next time!
62 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 12. BuddhismHello! At this lesson we shall: 1. Learn about Buddhism. 2. Get acquainted with the teaching of the Buddha. Buddhism is the oldest of the three world religions. Christianity is five centuries younger, and Islam is the whole twelve centuries younger than Buddhism. Dictionary The world religions are those religions (Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam) that have the largest number of followers world-wide. Most of Buddhism followers live in the South, Southeast and East Asia: Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (as well as the Chinese population of Singapore and Malaysia), Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Laos. The total number of Buddhists in the world is hard to determine: such inventories were never done, and they contradict to the ethical and legal norms of many countries. However, approximately there is about 400 million of laity confessing Buddhism, and about 1 million of monks and nuns. This religion was founded by Buddha Shakyamuni who lived and preached in the 5-4 centuries BC in Northern India. He lived during the heyday of Northern India civilization and was surrounded by very talented disciples. For 45 years, he was showing the paths to full disclosure of mind through the diversity of means he provided. Buddhism is divided into several branches/dimensions:
Intercultural Dialogue 63 BuddhismThe Little Chariot The Great Chariot The Diamond(Hinayana/Theravada) (Mahayana) Chariot (Vajrayana) In any book dedicated to Buddhism, you will find a story basedon religious tradition about the life of traveling preacher Siddharthaalso called Shakyamuni who called himself Buddha what means«enlightened by higher knowledge», «blessed by truth». Working with Text Legend Like other gods, Buddha could not be born as an ordinary person.Siddhartha's mother, the wife of the ruler from the clan of Maya(Mahamaya, that is, «the Great Maya») saw in her dream how awhite elephant came into her body. After the due time she gave birthto a baby who left her body also in an unusual way – through thearmpit. The baby voiced immediately, and his cry was heard by allGods of the Universe, and they were glad to welcome the arrivalof someone able to stop the suffering of life. A wise man namedAsita foretold that the boy would do a great religious deed. Thebaby received the name of Siddhartha that means who «fulfilled hisassignment». The boy grew up surrounded by beautiful things, and he wasnever let out of the palace. The king, Siddhartha's father, sought tokeep his son unaware of the life's troubles but he eventually learnedabout the existence of illnesses, anility, and death. Siddhartha wasbored by the sequestered life in the palace and wanted to see theworld behind the walls. One day Siddhartha told his coachman totake him outside the palace fence. He was fully changed by theimpressions he received. The Buddhist tradition narrates about four signs which ruinedthe king's hopes. The prince started thinking about what makes aman unhappy, and his life – so hard. At the age of 29, Siddharthaleft home, refused to become a ruler, parted with his wife andson in order to find the answer to the questions that tormentedhim.
64 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e For seven years, he lived as a hermit, hoping to find the way to deliverance through studying the sacred texts, conversing with the sages, and flagellation. But only after he refused the ascetic self- torture, his deep reflection brought him what he desired: the truth was revealed to him, and he found a way to the final «salvation». It happened on the riverside of Niranjana, in the present Bodh- Gaya (Bihar state in India) where Siddhartha learnt «the four noble truths» sitting under the sacred Bodhi tree. What is common in the commandments given to Moses, and in the teachings of the Buddha? The Teachings of Buddha The essence of Buddhist practice is a kind and loving heart. We must treat people with warmth and tenderness and constantly cultivate love to them.10 commandments of Buddhism are the 10 virtues performed by body, speech and mind. 10 virtues are the omission of 10 non-virtues listed below: 1. Do not kill but save someone's life – the first commandment of Buddhism. 2. Do not steal but respect the property of others and practice generosity – the second commandment of Buddhism. 3. Do not commit adultery but be true to your spouse – the third commandment of Buddhism. 4. Do not lie in your speeches, be honest and sincere – the fourth commandment of Buddhism. 5. Do not slander but bring harmony between people – the fifth commandment of Buddhism. 6. Do not be rude – the sixth commandment of Buddhism. 7. Do not waste time for idle talks or gossiping – the seventh commandment of Buddhism. 8. Stop the avid thoughts – the eighth commandment of Buddhism. 9. Do not intend to harm anyone - the ninth commandment of Buddhism. 10. Believe in the law of causality, do not deny the existence of Buddhas, the past and future lives. Write down your conclusions in the notebook.
Intercultural Dialogue 65 Creative Work Revive the images with colour pencils (online colouring) It's time to show the cartoon. Good-bye! What is in common in the commandments given to Moses and inthe teaching of Buddha? What you remembered most from the today's lesson? Well done! See you next time!
66 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 13. ChristianityHello! During this lesson we will learn about: 1. How Christianity appeared 2.Common Era 3. Commandments of Christianity Hello, my good friend! We meet again to continue our journey to the land of knowledge. Leaving for a long journey, the travelers usually take what they might need on the way. Let’s take with us an unusual thing. Could you guess what could it be? Game «Magic glasses» I do not want to torture you for a long time, these are «Magic glasses». Be quick to invite your friends! To warm up, we will need glasses. Make them by your hands. Put them on. Tell your friend next to you say: «Glasses, glasses, tell me, what do you see? What do you like most about me»? You will answer for the glasses saying something good to the friend who asked the question. Then give the glasses to the inquirer. Let the game continue by chain. If there are no friends close to you, mentally put on the glasses of good and imagine people with whom you do not always get along well. Try to see something good in them through the magic lenses. Think about what does this game teach you? All people should live in peace, harmony and love for each other. “Continue to treat the others as you would like to be treated. You don’t like to be offended – then do not offend by either word or deed. You wish your own happiness and health – then wish it to the others”. This is what Jesus said in the Sermon on the Mount.
Intercultural Dialogue 67 Is this name familiar to you? What do you associate it with? Today we will talk about Christianity – one of the world religions. Write the new word in your note book. Dictionary Christianity (from the Greek Χριστός - «the Anointed One», «the Messiah») is a world religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ described in the New Testament. The Christians believe that Jesus from Nazareth is the Messiah, the Son of God and the Saviour of mankind. The Christians do not doubt the historicity of Jesus Christ. Work with Text I offer you to read the text and write down the «key» words on the topic «Christianity». Christianity is the largest world religion both in terms of the number of followers, about 2.3 billion people, and by geographical distribution, each country of the world has at least one Christian community. The founder of the religion was a preacher named Jesus, born in the Roman Province of Judea, that is now correspond to Israel, Palestine and Jordan. Look at the map where ancient Judea was situated or modern states of Israel, Palestine and Jordan. Palestine, like many other states, was under the authority of Roman Empire. Two thousand years ago there emerged people who called themselves the disciples of Jesus, the Son of God. The ancient prophecies said that the God Yahweh (the word for God in Hebrew) would send to the Earth the leader – the saviour – the Messiah, who would set free the Jewish nation; and the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem. During the reign of Emperor Augustus in Rome, an angel appeared and announced to the Virgin Mary from Nazareth that she would deliver a son from God who would become a Saviour. It happened that at the time of birth of the son, the Roman authorities announced a census of the population – when everyone was obliged to enroll at the place of the clan residence. Mary's husband was a carpenter Joseph, a descendant of King David, and his clan came from the clan of Bethlehem. At that time Joseph and Mary went from Nazareth to Bethlehem. There was no
68 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e room in the hotel for them, and Mary and Joseph had to settle in the cave for the night, which was a cattle-shed. There, Mary delivered the son from God named Jesus and recognized as the Messiah. Let's see which “key” words you could write down, and how your friends are doing. Video File Let’s watch a cartoon «Christmas» and answer the questions: Which day is called «Christmas»? How and where Jesus was born? Do you know that the Common Era (CE or AD) is the Christianera counted from the Christmas day? The year of Jesus' birth is considered the first year in a calendar. The Christian era was introduced post factum (that is, after theactual fact) «with a stroke of the pen». This era was established by Dionysius Exiguous, a Romanmonk, a papal archivist, Scythian by origin. There is no availabledata about the calculations or assumptions that have been the basis.There are different guesses on the matter although none of themis more convincing than the others. It is only known for certainthat it was linked to preparation of Easter tables (Paschalis) forthe future. This is how the “time line” looks like:___________________!_______________________________573 BC Christmas AD 2017 Draw the «time line» in your note book. Answer the question: When in the Common era you were born? Ask your friends for their birth dates in the Common era. Jesus left in history not only a new calendar but his commandments. «The Teachings of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount» When Jesus grew up he mastered the skills of a carpenter but hehad no house or property. He collected 12 disciples – apostles («messengers» in Greek).The apostles conveyed that all the Christians would be rewarded –they would see the Kingdom of God on Earth.
Intercultural Dialogue 69 And one day a lot of people gathered at the foot of a hill. Why did they come? What Jesus was talking about? Listen to the «Sermon on the Mount» in verses. Summarize what you’ve heard and write down the commandments in your note book: Do not kill Do not lie Do not steal Honour thy father and thy mother Do not be jealous Do not judge, and you will not be judged Love your neighbour as you love yourself Treat other people as you would like to be treated Creative Work Revive the images with colour pencils (online colouring) The main source of the religious doctrine is the Holy Scripture(the Bible).
70 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e And here is another interesting fact about Christianity. Read the text and make up the cluster: In 1054 AD, the Christian church split into two parts, the universal (that is, the Catholic) church as the western part, and the Oriental (that is, the Orthodox) church as the eastern part. The Orthodoxy honours the Trinity – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and Catholicism poses a duality – Jesus and the Mother of God. The Orthodox Christian cross themselves with three fingers from right to left, and the Catholics – with two fingers from left to right. «Protestantism – from the Latin Protestants - means “declaring in public”. This general designation means the confessions associated with the Reformation. That is, first they protested against the use of language (Latin) for divine service as they could not understand Latin. Then they began to protest against the decisions and statements of the Patriarch (Pope) of Rome or his deputies – cardinals with whom they disagreed. Christianity Catholicism Protestantism Orthodoxy You did well, as always! Now let's summarize our lesson. I offer you a questionnaire. Your task is to put the plus ineach line to reflect your attitude to the lesson and the extent of your participation.Good-bye! 1. I think that the lesson was interesting _________ boring____________. 2. I have learned a lot _____not too much_______. 3. I think I was listening to the others attentively ______not attentively__________. 4. I participated in the discussion often _________ rarely_________. 5. I am satisfied________not satisfied__________ with the results of my work in the class. Have you completed? Evaluated your work? Great! I am proud of you! We fulfilled all the tasks planned. It's time to say «Good bye!»
Intercultural Dialogue 71 Lesson 14. Islam Hello! In this lesson, we will learn: 1. What Islam is; 2. About the holy book of Qur’an; 3. The commandments of Islam; 4. Who are the Sunni and Shia Muslims. Hello my friend. We are together again. This is so great! I suggest you do one exciting exercise. Please, call your friends now. The game you are about to play is as follows: You say to your friend: - We are alike in... - We are different in… Then, your friend says the same to the next person. It is OK if you are playing this game alone. Take a notebook and write down in what ways you are similar with your best friend and different from them. Think about what the meaning of this game is. Generally speaking, we are all alike and, at the same time, different from each other, but we have the right to be different and nobody can force us to change. Listen to this unique audio (Azan - a muezzin calls to the morning prayer) Have you ever heard this before? – Where did you hear it? – Who does it and why? – Can you guess what we are going to talk about today? Of course, we are going to talk about one of the world religions – Islam. To begin with, I suggest we watch a beautiful cartoon titled Muhammad the last Prophet.
72 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Did you like the cartoon? What did you learn from it? What struck you the most about it? Now, let us work with our dictionary. Write down the definition of Islam. Dictionary Islam (Arab. — “surrender”, “submission to God”) is the youngest world religion and second to Christianity in the number of its followers. Text Work Let us do some text work. You will learn many new and exciting things. Write the Key Words in your notebook. Islam originated among the Arabs, the natives of the Arabia. Islam’s followers are called Muslims. Since it came about many years ago, the religion has spread widely – virtually throughout the world. Muslim communities can be found in more than 120 countries in different parts of the globe. Islam is a state or official religion in 28 countries. The global Muslim community numbers about 1.55 billion people. Islam’s founder, Muhammad, the son of Abdullah ibn Hashim, was born and lived in Mecca (Western Arabia). (Show on the map) The exact date of Muhammad’s birth is unknown; however, the Prophet is believed to have been born in year 571.Initially, Muhammad drew his relatives and friends to Islam secretly. One of the first people to adopt Islam was his close friend Abu Bakr. Several years later Muhammad began to openly call on all Arab tribes to adopt Islam. The Prophet met with hostility in Mecca and left for Medina with his followers. Dictionary Hijra is mass emigration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina ! Do not forget to note it down in your dictionary The journey from Mecca to Medina marks the beginning of the Islam calendar. Prophet Muhammad preached Islam for 12 years in Mecca and 10 years in Median. While in Mecca, Muhammad made
Intercultural Dialogue 73 a journey to heaven – the Miraj. Muslims revered Muhammad high for his moral and spiritual qualities. Read the new words you have written down in your notebook. What did your friends write down? Let us compare the result. Have you heard anything of the holy book of Qur’an? The word Qur’an originates from an Arab word meaning “recitation” or “edification by Prophet Muhammad on behalf of Allah”. According to the Islamic tradition, Qur’an was revealed through the angel Gabriel. Qur’an consists of 114sur’ahs. Let us now talk about the main commandments in Islam - Belief that God is one and Muhammad is God’s prophet (Shahada); - Five daily prayers (Namaz); - Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Uraza); - Religious tax benefitting the needy (Zakah); - Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). What are the qualities of a Muslim person? How do the commandments of Islam relate to the generally accepted standards of morality? How do they relate to Christianity? Game As a child, you often played the game True-or-False. Let us play it once again. You can see a text containing both true and false statements. Your task is to identify the false statements. A true statement should be marked with a + A false statement should be marked with a – 1. Every adult Muslim must observe zakah five times a day. 2. The testimony or Shahada means the pronouncing of the tenet that God is one and Muhammad is God’s prophet. 3. The fast established by Prophet Muhammad in 624 is called the Hajj. 4. Every adult Muslim must observe the prayer five times a day. How many statements are true? How many statements are false?
74 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e “Cluster” Let us put together a cluster. Please read the text first, identify the most important things in it and make a diagram. Go! The schism between Sunni and Shia Muslims took place a long time ago. One of the world’s most wide-spread religions Islam has been divided for thirteen centuries. The division was driven not by differences in faith, but political reasons, namely struggle for power. The fact of the matter is that after the rule of Ali, the last of the four caliphs, there came up the issue of who was to succeed him. Some thought that the Caliphate could be ruled only by the Prophet’s direct descendant, one who would inherit not only the power, but also His moral qualities, respect the traditions and become a deserving successor of his ancestors. These were called Shiites, which in Arabic means “the power of Ali”. Others disagreed on the exclusive privileges of the Prophet's direct descendants. They believed that the Caliphate should be ruled by someone elected by the majority of the Muslim community. This group of people backed their view by passages from Sunnah, a book containing sayings by the Prophet and his followers. It is because they made reference to Sunnah that they came to be called Sunni. Sunnism and Shiism are the largest denominations of Islam. While Sunnis number around one billion and a hundred million, there are only about 110 million Shiites, the latter making only about ten percent of the world’s Muslims. Most Shiites live in Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran and Lebanon. Sunnism is practiced in the majority of Muslim countries. Islam Sunnism Shiism Who practices? Who practices?Where? In what countries? Did you find this lesson interesting? Why? Do you know that each color can cause a different mood or stateof mind? Close your eyes and try to feel your colors: feel what
Intercultural Dialogue 75 color is your head, body, hands, and feet at this moment and try to remember them. You can see figures of a boy and a girl. Take the set of pencils in front of you and give each part of the figures the colors you have just felt. (Online coloring) Good-bye!I hope that your figures are of bright and joyful colors.That is all for today. Bye-bye!
76 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 15. From Inter-Faith Dialogue to Rapprochement of CivilizationsHello! In this lesson, we will learn: 1. How to support an inter-faith peace and wellbeing Hello my dear friend. Game Let us play a little game. Our game is called the BALL OF WOOL. You cannot play it alone. So, call your friends now. You want to make a circle and choose the leader. The leader throws the ball of wool to a randomly chosen boy or girl and they must say a name and a noun that helps promote friendship and understanding. For example: Tatiana-tolerance, Farkhat – friendship, etc. The boy or girl then throws the ball to the next participant while he or she holds the thread. The thread will keep the participants from throwing the ball to someone who has already had it. Then all players will have to untangle the thread by passing the ball from one player to another. What is this game about? I believe that kindness, responsiveness, friendship and tolerance are very important personal qualities that help one live in the complex world of differing people and ideas. How can people differ from each other? Iagree: they can differ in many ways, including their religion. - Do many people believe in God? - Do people have the right not to believe in God? There is no exact statistics as to how many people are non- believers. According to Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a man shall not be discriminated against regarding his attitude to religion. It means that both believers and non- believers should have equal rights.
Intercultural Dialogue 77 People should be included in the interfaith dialogue regardless of their views about faith. Dictionary Discrimination – violation of rights Here is a parable by Rumi, one of the most renowned thinkers and a Sufi poet who has greatly influenced the Oriental literature. First, let me give you some background information about him. JalalAd-DinRumi Jalal Ad-Din Rumi was born in the town of Wakhsh (today’s Tajikistan) in an important region of Khorasan to the family of a famous scholar, theologian, jurist and Sufi preacher who had to flee his native town fearing Mongol invasion and finally settled at the court of Seljuks in Konya, Asia Minor (Rum). Jalal Ad-Din got an excellent education not only in theological jurisprudence, but also in science; he had a good knowledge of the Arab and Greek languages, the Qur’an and its commentaries. An Elephant in the Dark A Sufi parable by Rumi Some Hindus have an elephant to show. No one here has ever seen an elephant. They bring it at night to a dark room. One by one, we go in the dark and come out saying how we experience the animal. One of us happens to touch the trunk. “A water-pipe kind of creature.”
78 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Another, the ear. “A very strong, always moving back and forth, fan-animal.” Another, the leg. “I find it still, like a column on a temple.” Another touches the curved back. “A leathery throne.” Another, the cleverest, feels the tusk. “A rounded sword made of porcelain.” He’s proud of his description.http://pritchi.ru/id_376 Each of us touches one place and understands the whole in that way. The palm and the fingers feeling in the dark are how the senses explore the reality of the elephant. If each of us held a candle there, and if we went in together, we could see it. What do you think this parable is about? How can we relate the message of this parable to the topic of our lesson? Let us try to give an answer to the following question: - Can interfaith conflicts be resolved? To answer this problem question, you need to join your efforts like grown-up people do when they make important international decisions. Let us follow their example. Dear friend, ask your friends to split into 2 groups. When working on the problem question, please refer to international documents. Group 1 The answer to this question can be found in some key international documents: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 2) says: “Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status”.
Intercultural Dialogue 79 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 14) says:“States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom of thought, conscience and religion”. The need to protect and promote the diversity of cultural and religious expression and support the prosperity and free interaction of various cultures and religions and foster a dialogue between them to ensure mutual respect and peace is addressed by the Convention on The Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Forms of Cultural Expressions. The traditions of good-neighborly relations and respect for religions and cultures, key for regional stability, are widely practiced in Central Asia. Group 2 http://www.akorda.kz Realizing the increasing role religion plays in the society,Kazakhstan came up with the initiative of holding a forum ofworld and traditional religions in the capital Astana. Accordingto the Head of State, a dialogue between the leaders of world andtraditional religions built on trust and mutual understanding opensnew opportunities for international cooperation in this area andwill help overcome some adverse phenomena seen today likeviolence, religious extremism and terrorism. The 1st Congress of Leaders ofWorld andTraditional Religionstook place in September 23-24, 2003 in Astana. It brought togetherthe most authoritative figures of Islam, Christianity, Judaism,Shintoism, Hinduism and Buddhism. The forum showed the relevance and need of cooperation betweendifferent religions for the sake of decent life of all humanity. The forum adopted a declaration whereby the participatingreligious leaders made a commitment to act in concert to promotepeace and humanity’s progress and support stability in theircommunities to build the foundation of a harmonious worldin the future. The event’s success was consolidated through adecision made at the 1st Congress to hold an inter-faith forum ona regular basis, at least once in three years. The 2nd Congress of Leaders of Traditional and WorldReligions took place on September 12-13, 2006 in Astana in abrand new Palace of Peace and Accord built specifically for theforum.
80 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e The second forum was attended by 29 delegations with many more participants than the first. The second Congress adopted a declaration calling on all religions and ethnic groups to not allow conflicts on the basis of cultural and religious differences. The 3rd Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, attended by 77 delegations from 35 countries of Europe, Asia, Middle East and America, was held on July 1-2, 2009 in Astana. The Congress’s main topic was the strengthening of the role of religious leaders in the resolution of any issues through contributing to a tolerant world founded on understanding and cooperation. The 4th Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions took place on May 30-31, 2012 in Astana. Attended by 85 delegations from 40 countries, this forum focused on the topic of “Peace and Harmony as the Choice of Mankind”. The forum called on all mankind to pursue cooperation, accord and peace, justice and constructive efforts in the name of the future of the planet. The 5th Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions took place on June 10-11, 2015 in Astana. It was attended by over 80 delegations from 42 countries. The Congress adopted a mutual declaration calling on all religious and political figures to join efforts to overcome the challenges and threats of the 21st century. Shareyourideas. To preserve itself, humankind needs to get rid of all interfaith hostility. People need to be more tolerant towards other religions. You will now have a chance to put together a request to grown-up men and women who make key decisions for our world. I suggest that you make your own contribution to peace and accord by preparing an Address to the Summit of State Leaders and Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions.
Intercultural Dialogue 81 Write down your address in your notebook, post it on your page Good-bye! in a social network and try to have it published in a children’s newspaper of your school or country. Now, note down the following phrases:I learned I realized I was surprised In your notebook, draw several balls of different colors, eachrepresenting the way you feel. Even though the balls are of differentcolors and sizes, all of them are still balls. Let them symbolizewarm and kind attitude to all people whatever their beliefs,religion, political opinion, origin, and skin color may be. I hopethat after this lesson you came to realize that we must be moretolerant and respectful to people of other religions, ethnicities andcultures and that everybody deserves to live on our planet withoutbeing persecuted for religious or ethnic reasons. I encourage youto live by the golden moral rule – treat others as you would like tobe treated - and love people the way they are, without any specificreason!Good bye!
82 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 16. Learning to Live TogetherHello! During this lesson we shall know: 1. How prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination are arisen 2. What is tolerance Creativity Work Good morning, dear friend! I am glad to meet you. Let’s start our lesson with one amusing exercise. Itis called “The Bargots and the Routers”. At the beginning please carefully read the text. “The Bargots and the Routers” (written by the Bargot) The Bargots are living in a country named Bargonia. It is located between the islands Ceiter and Trebonia. The Bargonians are wonderful people. Children seldom fight, and elders quietly work there. Their meal is mainly rice, and the plates of Bargonians are never empty. The weather in Bargoniadoesn’t change all year round – it is warm and sunny, with light winds. Routers live in another country that is named Routria. It is located on the other part of the earth, between the islands Bilbo and Treblin. People of Routria are very bad. Children always shout at each other, and the elders fight with each other. At work the elders do nothing, they sleep and shout there, instead of working. The weather in Routria is always cold, windy and rainy. Let me again remind you that these “facts” have been written by the dweller of Bargonia. Now I suggest you to draw the pictures of typical bargot and typical router. Didyoudraw? Then please answer the following questions: - How do you think, who are these people, the routers? Do you think all routers are the same? - How do you think, whо are these people, the bargots? Do you think all bargots are the same? - Why did you draw the bargot exactly this way? - Why did you draw the router exactly this way?
Intercultural Dialogue 83 - Why did you decide that all bargots are wonderful people? - According to you, if each of these groups make their own description, would they be the same? In reality, as you guessed, there are no such countries. Based on this sample exercise we all together now saw how prejudice towards the other group of people is created. Dictionary Prejudice – is an opinion, often non-favourable, about person or group of people that has been done before knowing them. Veryoften, the prejudices lead towards such phenomenon as discrimination. Dictionary Discrimination – is unequal treatment of people based on their age, religion and origin, nationality, gender and so on. This is a biased attitude and action towards other people. Prejudices and discrimination often lead to sad consequences. How to escape this? How to behave in such a way so to live in peace and accord? Do you know the word tolerance? Perhaps, not all understand this word. The meaning this word has is very important for the existence and development of human society. Modern cultural person – is not only an educated person. To be educated is not enough. This person has respect of oneself and of others. Tolerance is seen as a sign of a highly spiritual and intellectual development of human being, groups of people, whole societies. UNESCO General Conference in 1995 adopted the Declaration of Tolerance. According to it, «tolerance means respect, acceptance and right understanding of rich diversity of cultures of our world, our forms of self-expressions and ways of human individuality». There are various definitions of the word “tolerance” in different languages of different people:
84 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e – in Spanish – ability to accept the ideas or opinions that differ from own; – in French – attitude which accepts that the others could think and act differently; – in English – readiness to be tolerant, lenient; – in Chinese – to let, accept, be generous towards the other; – in Arabic – forgiveness, leniency, softness, mercy, compassion, favor, patience, openness to others; – in Russian – ability to sustain something or somebody (to be self-possessed, firm, enduring, able to tolerate the existence of something or somebody). UNESCO elaborated also the Global Programme «Learning to Live Together” that presumes, first of all, the ability and willingness of nations to accept and respect cultural and spiritual values of each other. The mere difference and diversity of cultures have to be perceived not as a threat, but rather as valuable resource to be used for the common goodness; first of all, for solving the issues that threaten different countries. – Which of definitions do you like most? – How do you think, why there are different definitions of the term in different countries? – What is a common ground for all these definitions? – Why tolerance is so important nowadays? Task 1. «Assess the Situation» Below are the situations that you have to complete. Whatwereyourreaction? Imagine these situations again based on the principle of tolerance. Situations: 1. Imagine you are in a company where somebody starts talking in unfamiliar to you language … 2. …that next to you live physically disable person (in a wheel chair, of very short height, blind person, etc.) … 3. …that your classmates are from much more wealthy family than you, or vice versa … 4. …on the street you will see a person who wears unusual clothes, different from that of other people … One of the main qualities is the ability to distinguish the real values from the fake values. Not the appearance, but the person’s humanistic qualities are important.
Intercultural Dialogue 85 One should value life, friendship, health, family. If you want to be joyful, you should know that joy starts with you only and not from somebody or something else. Do we know how to feel other people? Can we understand the pain of the other? Canwe understand the situation of other person? With all this tolerance starts. Task 2. Divide the patterns of behavior of people/policies in twogroups and fill in the table: Group 1. Group 2.RESPECT OF HUMAN HUMILIATION OF HUMAN DIGNITY DIGNITY • Observance of country’s laws · • Respect and defense the human rights · • Equality of citizen before law · • Deprivation of possibility to study in native language • Spread of negative ethnic stereotypes · • Discrimination or appeals to it · • Respect of cultural traditions of other people and of religions • Search for shared interests to resolve conflicts · • Violence or calls to violence against ethnic or religiousminorities • Refusal from violence in conflict resolution · • Threats, intimidation (moral terror) · • Physical terror, massacre, genocide · • Longing for cooperation · • Sharing with others, empathy • Deportations, forced migration Formulate the “obligatory conditions” to start the dialoguebetween people and to prevent the conflict while communicatingwith new person. Let’s try to understand how tolerant you are! Respond thequestionnaire.
86 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Test 1. Do you like the situation when you need to refrain from your own plan, because your friends already suggested their plan? а) yes; б) no. 2. You meet friends and somebody suggests playing the game. What do you prefer? а) that only those playing well should take part in the game; б) that there will playing also those who still don’t know the rules. 3. Do you easily accept news that are not pleasant for you? а) yes; б) no. 4. Do you feel hostility/enmity towards drunk people in public spaces? а) if they don’t “cross the line”, you don’t care at all; б) you always dislike people who cannot control themselves. 5. Can you easily establish contacts with people of different traditions and status? а) it would be very difficult for you to do this; б) you don’t pay attention to such things. 6. How do you react on the joke targeted for you? а) you don’t like neither jokes nor jokers; б) even if you don’t like the joke, you will try to reply in equally same joking manner. 7. Do you agree with the opinion that many people occupy wrong place and do not follow the job they like to do? а) yes; б) no. 8. You introduce to the company your friend who immediately becomes the centre of attention. What your reaction could be? а) you don’t like this, since thus the attention is drawn from you; б) you are only happy for your friend. 9. At a party you meet elderly person who criticizes young generation and appraises the old times. What is your reaction? а) go away under some pretext; б) start arguing. Now let us see the test results! Write 2 points for the following answers: 1б, 2б, 3б, 4а, 5б, 6б, 7б, 8б, 9а 1. 0-4: you are inflexible, adamant and, sorry, stubborn.
Intercultural Dialogue 87 Wherever you are, there could be such impression that you always Good-bye! try to impose your opinion on others. To reach your goal you often raise your voice. It is difficult, having your character, to maintain even normal relations with people who think otherwise, and don’t agree with you. 2. 6-12: you can strongly defend your views. At the same time you can keep dialogue and, if you think appropriate, to change your views. However, sometimes you can be extremely sharp, show disrespect to the person. At such moment you can win the argument from the less strong person. But is it worth “taking win by throat” if it is possible to win in a more dignified way. 3. 14-18: the firmness of your views is excellently combined with the flexibility of your mind. You can accept any idea, to understand the seemingly paradoxical act, even if you don’t share this. You sufficiently critical about yourself and, with respect to your opponent, able to refuse from the views that happened to be wrong. At the end, let us see the cartoon «Hedgehog should be thorny/ prickly» What feeling did the cartoon evoke in you? About what situations does it speak? Remember, the humankind is one big family living on the Earth planet. It should be that there always reign kindness, respect, mutual understanding in the family. Now let me say to you “Good bye”!
88 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Lesson 17. “Parade of Cultures” Game-ConferenceHello! Hello, my friend! I am glad to see you. This is an unusual lesson. We are going to have a parade of cultures. What is a parade? A parade showcases the best of what someone has. Today, we are going to demonstrate the best achievements of Central Asian peoples. First, read the parable. Text Work Greed, Stupidity and Envy wander around on the earth and try to make people quarrel with each other. Greed whispers to the ruler of that country: “in that foreign land over there, the grass is greener, the rocks are harder, the sheep are fatter and the water is wetter”. The ruler wants to conquer the land, but his subjects do not want to go to war. They reason: “That foreign land is inhabited by people like us, they did us no evil. Why should we make a war on them”? “What kind of people are they, those foreigners?” - says Stupidity. “Just look at them: their hair is different, their eyes are different. Their language is so strange; you will not understand a word. What is their design on us? What if they mean harm?” Thus lived different peoples, apprehensive and suspicious of each other. Some said: the black eyes are the dangerous ones! Others said: the blue eyes are the cunning ones! But since ancient times, there have been sages, poets, scholars or just intelligent people who said: “All peoples are brothers and all deserve respect. All have equal rights to enjoy the sun, love their children, eat bread, have a home and not suffer from hunger or disease”. But sometimes one can still hear: “My people is better than yours”! This means that Greed, Stupidity and Envy are somewhere around. If you meet with them, remember the popular saying: “Friendship makes peace, while enmity makes trouble”. What do you think is the message of the parable? No idea? Here is a tip. Solve the crossword and you will get the answer.
Intercultural Dialogue 89 Across: 1. It makes a person softer and sympathetic 2. It helps us think and make wise decisions. 3. You often show it to elder people. 4. Without it, you cannot do any work or your home assignment. 5. It helps us keep clothes, school furniture, and toys for a longtime. 6. It is required to be clean A famous Daghestani poet Rassul Gamzatov has a beautifulpoem where he says the following: “I see different languages as stars in the sky. I would like thestars to merge into one big star – the sun – taking half of the sky. Letthe stars shine. Let everybody have his own star”… The beauty of the mother tongue is captured in the folklore andproverbs. Let us now hold a little competition. The one who can tell mostproverbs will receive the title of a Proverb Expert. Go! Now let us solve another crossword about the national dishes ofCentral Asian peoples. Please, complete it.
90 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Kazakh cuisine. 5. The Kazakh dumpling. 2. Belarus cuisine. 6. Uighur cuisine. 3. Russian cuisine. 7. Ukrainian cuisine. 4. Dunghan cuisine. 8. Uzbek cuisine. Remember, at one of our first classes we learned how to greet each other in different languages. Our next competition is GREETING IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES. Well done! Now we are going to have a competition of tales. These are not going to be regular folk tales or fairy tales, as we know them. Use tales of different peoples to make up a new one. The main message should be friendship between peoples. Use the most recognizable characters. Have you made your tales? We will listen to them with pleasure. Now we will have a parade of national games. Think of one national game and teach your friends how to play it. We will now put together a Friendship Circle cluster. Press your hand against a sheet of paper and draw its contours with a pencil. Make it a bright color. Ask your friends to do the same. Let us now cut out the colored hands we got, make a wish and stick them to one big sheet of paper. Isn’t it beautiful? I also like it.
Intercultural Dialogue 91 Now let us build an Arch of Friendship (the “Rivulet” game). This game is best played to cheerful music. We need at least 6 people to play the game, but better have 10 or more. Rules of the Rivulet Game We need one free player and the rest will split into pairs, preferably a boy and a girl, and link their hands. The pairs make a line and put up hands forming a corridor. The free player enters the corridor at one end and moves to the other end choosing a partner. He or she takes a girl or boy by the hand and unlinks their pair. The new pair walks towards the front end of the Rivulet and stands there with their hands linked and raised. The new free player enters the corridor at the back end, chooses a partner, makes a new pair and so on, until the players no longer want to play. If there are a lot of people in the game, there can be several free players. The game is best played at a fast pace to make it more cheerful (simply imagine you have just formed a pair when someone chooses you again and draws you into the “rivulet”). Now I invite everyone to the final circle of friendship. So, my friends, we have come to the end of our journey of Intercultural Dialogue. I hope you found the lessons interesting, learned new things, asked yourself important questions and became familiar with some other cultures. The main lesson we have learned is that whatever our differences, humans are still the same. There are as many ways of self-expression as there are cultures. However, we make up one family and, therefore, must respect other cultures, religions and lifestyles, appreciate their differences, admire each other’s achievements and just live together showing mutual respect, love, kindness, care and honesty. Our differences make us unique, our unity makes us strong; and together we are friends in this world!
92 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e Dear friend! During the time spent together, we have learnt many new things. Now you can confidently answer all sorts of questions. You are familiar with such concepts as human rights, you know what international organizations such as the UN, UNESCO do. You will not find it difficult to explain what «cultural heritage», «cultural diversity» is. I hope that the new knowledge will help you better understand and respect all the differences that exist between the peoples inhabiting our beautiful planet. I have an idea - be the author of your own scientific project, which will give you the opportunity to once again come into contact with cultural diversity and achievements in the field of culture from ancient times to the present day. In our rapid age of progress and information, there are many topics, but for a start I propose to work on this topic: «How world religions influenced the development of science and culture». Good luck!Good-bye! See you again!
Intercultural Dialogue 93Source - http://whc.unesco.org/ru/list/1145#topAppendix. UNESCO Cultural and Natural Sites World Heritage List (in Central Asia) Kazakhstan Petroglyphs within the Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes Mausoleum of Khoja AhmedArchaeological Landscape of of Northern Kazakhstan (2008) Yasawi (2003) Tamgaly (2004) WesternTien-Shan *(Transnational, 2016) Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang›an- Tianshan Corridor *(Transnational, 2014) Kyrgyzstan Western Tien-Shan *(Transnational, 2016)Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain (2009) Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Changan-Tianshan Corridor (2014)
94 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e TajikistanProto-Urban Site of Sarazm (2010) Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) (2013) TurkmenistanState Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Kunya-Urgench (2005) Merv” (1999)Parthian Fortresses of Nisa (2007)
Intercultural Dialogue 95 UzbekistanIchan Kala, Khiva (1990) Historic Centre of Bukhara (1993)Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz (2000) Western Tien-Shan *(Transnational, 2016)Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures (2001)
96 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u e List of References Used http://nakhodka-lib.ru/ Symbols, Icons http://www.mamaexperta.com/la-lectura-y-los-ninos/ http://www.vladtime.ru/allworld/577851 http://www.iconarchive.com/show/junior-icons-by-treetog/document-scroll-icon.html https://tinyclipart.com/post/school-children-clip-art-732.html http://classpic.ru/blog/detskie-ruki-32-foto.html http://www.cairdeteo.com/events/irish-language-storytelling/ https://stranamasterov.by/catalog/deleted/8867-bloknot-bortovoy-zhurnal/ http://ru.seaicons.com/267912/ http://ru.seaicons.com/268077/ Lesson 1 http://fonday.ru/info/11309-411309e87db.html http://www.dance.ru/events/nabor-v-gruppy-i-besplatnye-uroki-sovremennye-tantsy-i-klassicheskiy-balet/ http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/arte/post149677802/ http://abali.ru/vektornaya-emblema-yunesko/ http://lezgi-yar.ru/news/junesko_vneslo_derbent_v_spisok_opasnykh_obektov_udar_po_turizmu http://www.pspinfo.ru/gallery/flags/75217-flagi-u-zdaniya-oon.html http://applemoon.ru/sonnik.php?id=132 Lesson 2 https://ppt4web.ru/nachalnaja-shkola/chto-rastet-na-klumbe1.html http://www.rhapsodyinsurance.cz/UserFiles/File/zeleniy-kofe-zakazat-sayt-vse-bude-dobre.xml http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/3075522/post368877127/ https://www.afisha.uz/exhibitions/2015/08/03/materialnaya-kultura-drevnego-chacha/ http://www.tonalties.nl/wordpress/?attachment_id=119 https://egemen.kz/article/zhambyl-oblysynda-at-sportynan-qr-khiii-chempionaty-oetti http://abali.ru/vektornaya-emblema-yunesko/ https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/55724/chetyre-nominacii-ot-kazahstana-vklyucheny-v-spisok-yunesko.html http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1738554-kakaja-iz-treh-znamenityh-piramid-plato-giza-samaja-vysokaja.html http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/030316/28667/ http://yapiligrim.ru/places/6561/ http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/penguins-of-madagascar/images/21557707/title/little-tiny-private-photo https://infourok.ru/razrabotka-uroka-angliyskogo-yazika-v-klasse-na-temu-dni-nedeli-258858.html https://happyelk.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/история-про-жирафа-для-детей/ Lesson 3 http://bible-facts.ru/539-10-zapovedey-dlya-detey-v-stihah.html http://sibdepo.ru/news/na-pmef-2016-vtb-i-kasikornbank-podpisali-memorandum-o-vzaimoponimanii.html https://sputnik-georgia.ru/world/20151116/229122016.html Lesson 4 http://mytoybox.ru/glavnaya/moi-prikolnye-futbolki/zabavnye-nadpisi/prikolnaya-futbolka-privet-na-raznyh-yazykah-mira.html http://blog.asha.org/2015/12/24/sharing-the-gift-of-bilingualism/ https://www.123rf.com/photo_19046168_a-sphere-of-word-tiles-with-the-word-hello-in-different-languages-representing-peace-among-the-cultu.html http://www.bagnet.org/news/ukraine/45135 http://rgsuufa.ru/vseobshaya-deklaraciya-prav-cheloveka-kartinki.html
Intercultural Dialogue 97 http://obraz-vozle.narod.ru/publ/otdelnye_obekty/ http://www.panoramaphoto.biz/gadkij-utenok-oboi/gadkij-utenok/Lesson 5http://razvitiedetei.info/stishki-dlya-detej/korotkie-stixi-pro-druzhbu-dlya-detej.htmlhttp://www.akorda.kz/ru/state_symbols/kazakhstan_flaghttp://www.kgembassy.tj/page-43.htmlhttp://flagpedia.net/uzbekistanhttp://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan_(1992-1997).svghttp://logos.wikia.com/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svghttp://raskraski.link/1777/Казахские-национальные-костюмы. htmlhttp://bumagushki.ru/photo/raskraski/strany/152https://mamlas.livejournal.com/2392517.htmlhttps://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_pictures/2304/одеждаhttps://samopoznanie.ru/articles/kto_tut_molodec/Lesson 6http://kenglish.ru/delaem-zaryadku-i-uchim-chasti-tela-na-anglijskom-yazyke/http://www.raskrasdetstvo.com/shop/group_606/group_621/item_418/http://www.blogimam.com/2011/03/deti-i-knigi-chto-pochitat-rebenku/http://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/vacances-de-fevrier-3-livres-pour-occuper-les-enfants-7781925791http://reality-yoga.ru/stati/glavnoe-o-yoge/pravilnue-resheniia/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGcqXZ8tPbQhttps://ru.pinterest.com/explore/https://www.theodysseyonline.com/different-types-of-tea-and-why-theyre-awesomehttp://www.visitburyatia.ru/places/section-136/item-848/http://www.ilgid.ru/history/ladan.htmlhttps://lenta.ru/articles/2015/10/25/solomon/http://www.vesti.ru/videos/show/vid/654639/cid/1/http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/lara_liberty/page24.shtmlhttps://geographyofrussia.com/karta-evrazii/ Lesson 7 https://demiart.ru/forum/index.php?showtopic=146826 http://www.schoolpress.ru/products/books/element.php?id=128 http://paisajesybodegonesaloleo.blogspot.com/2015/02/camellos-y-paisajes-del-desierto-del.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heubach_dromedary http://illustrators.ru/search/illustrations?query=купец https://www.livemaster.ru/topic/110075-vostok-na-kartinah-vereschagina-turkestan http://navigator011.livejournal.com/1511727.html http://rulibs.com/ru_zar/child_education/dinin/0/j40.html http://el.kz/ru/news/obshchestvo/kazahstan_i_velikii_shelkovii_put_ http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/libava/post260746253/ http://artisanata.lv/index.php?route=common/blog&blog_id=65 http://prof.biografguru.ru/about/istorik/?q=3000&dp=58 https://gallery.yopriceville.com/Free-Clipart-Pictures/Scrolls-PNG/Scrolled_Paper_and_Quill_Pen_PNG_Clipart_Image#.Wftpap-g-o0 http://www.catalogmineralov.ru/mineral/lazurit.html http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1503975-otricatelnye-chisla-kak-nazyvali-takie-chisla-v-drevnem-kitae.html http://1.vnv8.ru/sovmestimost-v-brake-idealnyiy-partner-dlya-loshadi/ https://www.livemaster.ru/topic/206415-utonchennyj-stil-caroline-young http://www.peremeny.ru/books/osminog/11297
98 I n t e r c u l t u r a l D i a l o g u eLesson 8http://svekruhaod.com.ua/bulya/stixi-dlya-samyx-malenkix-ot-agnii-barto/http://www.babylessons.ru/korablik-iz-bumagi-sxema-origami/https://infourok.ru/programma-letnego-ozdorovitelnogo-lagerya-s-dnevnim-prebivaniem-detey-1254237.htmlhttps://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-vector-palm-trees-hut-island-image19602936https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-tropical-island-cartoon-palm-tree-sun-image28911452http://metro.co.uk/2011/06/08/contortionist-thief-caught-hiding-in-suitcase-on-spanish-airport-bus-37547/https://ru.dreamstime.com/стоковые-изображения-цветастая-мусорная-корзина-image26862424https://www.amazon.com/GEFU-GF14710-Fleischhacker-Gr-8-Gefu/dp/B00008WXSMLesson 9http://rukadelkino.ru/risovanie/raskraski/4072-raskraski-uzory-ornamenty-skachat-i-raspechatat-besplatno.htmlhttp://zhivotnovodstvo.su/kazaxskaya-loshad-ctepnye-porody-loshadej-715/http://illustrators.ru/users/ssmaltsev?page=2https://infourok.ru/istoriya_tyurkskoy_dvuhstrunki_dombyra-422764.htmhttp://www.ingalicia.org/2012/07/se-busca-chef-en-stavanger-noruega/Lesson 10http://eventexists.ru/detail/event/shamanizm-stanovlenie-shamana/https://www.sunhome.ru/foto/deti_risuyut_solntse.htmlhttps://www.platnijopros.ru/http://moi-raskraski.ru/raskraski-dlya-malenkikh/raskraski-solnyshkohttp://www.raskrasdetstvo.com/shop/group_606/group_621/item_418/https://samopoznanie.ru/schools/animizm/http://tattoo-pro.ru/catalog/tatto/menhttps://educontest.net/ru/344857/тренажёр-по-математике-4-класс-на-лесн/http://myturtle.ru/do-kakix-razmerov-vyrastaet-suxoputnaya-cherepaxa/http://www.bilu.kz/tengri.phphttps://www.linkedin.com/pulse/combining-higher-lower-natureindividuality-pamela-hope-deluca-pricehttps://www.platnijopros.ru/Lesson 11https://jewishbook.com.ua/novie_knigi/tanah_tora_pisaniya/tanakh/http://elitebooks.com.ua/religiya/iudaizm/talmud.htmlhttps://www.zerochan.net/Kaiketsu+Zorrohttp://narodna.pravda.com.ua/history/4b685e017839c/view_print/http://www.supercoloring.com/coloring-pages/the-israelites-camped-at-rephidimLesson 12http://harekrishnazp.info/materialy/vajshnavskij-kalendar/1934-budda.htmlhttp://chinadailyshow.com/buddhist-dropout-admits-i%E2%80%99m-in-it-for-the-monks/http://www.epochtimes.ru/content/view/75184/2/https://www.babyblog.ru/community/post/Roerich/1700025http://vbuddisme.ru/wiki/Махаянаhttps://www.pinterest.com/pin/530369293592548008/https://www.раскраскараскраски.com/раскраски-Буддизм.htmlLesson 13http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/rizotta/post134023716/https://bestmaps.ru/files/styles/ic_content_big/public/http://hram-troicy.prihod.ru/articles/view/id/1117852http://narodnayamedicina.com/7-yanvarya-rozhdestvo-khristovo-tradicii-i-obychai/http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/milana07/post402838358/http://www.taday.ru/text/74196.html
Intercultural Dialogue 99 http://www.supercoloring.com/pages/jesus-teaches-the-beatitudes https://putidorogi-nn.ru/evropa/402-sobor-parizhskoi-bogomateri https://putidorogi-nn.ru/evropa/182-kelnskii-sobor http://www.photosuzdal.ru/photos/suzdal_101001.htmLesson 14https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUgJPnX4-rQhttps://www.google.kz/open.az/islam-nochnojj-namaz-v-mesjac-ramadan.htm/http://islam.surinfo.ru/medina.-mechet%60-proroka-mlcdi_7_207.htmlhttp://mahalla1.ru/fatwa/ispolzovanii-chetok.phphttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mp3.quran&hl=ruhttp://www.islamdag.ru/istoriya/31103https://ru.depositphotos.com/113354384/stock-illustration-animation-arab-family-the-man.htmlhttps://www.google.kz/dnevnik.bigmir.netLesson 15http://magiccrochet.ru/kakie-byvayut-klubki-nitok/http://www.sunshinecoastninjas.com.au/gallery/Uncategorised/blue-zen-massage-yin-yang/210686https://literaryfictions.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/rumi-1207-1273.jpghttps://otvet.mail.ru/question/1436190http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/7/97/476/97476999___2_.pnghttp://russkoepole.de/ru/news-18/3854-nachalos-onlajn-golosovanie-konkursa-mir-i-druzhba-glazami-detej.htmlhttp://www.psychologos.ru/articles/view/konvenciya-o-pravah-rebenkahttps://www.astana-bayterek.kz/index.php?lang=ruhttp://dinvko.gov.kz/rus/press-sluzhba/v-sezd-liderov-mirovyh-i-traditsionnyh-religij/sezd.htmlhttp://www.sharikoff.dp.ua/product/gelevye-shary-35-smayli-2/Lesson 16http://gopsy.ru/lichnost/tolerantnost-chto-jeto.htmlhttps://www.verywell.com/teaching-kids-about-race-and-cultural-diversity-621099http://blogs.ibo.org/blog/2015/02/27/inclusive-education/http://matrizesenem.blogspot.com/2015/08/movimentos-culturais-no-mundo-ocidental.htmlhttps://www.pinterest.com/abarraga/lectoescritura/http://www.oundle.info/event/childrens-book-sale/?instance_id=3307https://www.mindmeister.com/it/205490959/_http://multikonline.ru/russkie-multfilmy-online/665-ezhik-dolzhen-byt-koljuchim.html Lesson 17 http://krasnoturinsk.info/v-krasnoturinske-projdet-mnogonacionalnyj-festival/ https://akhmedof.livejournal.com/9125.html https://www.google.kz/lucky-girl.ru.kulinariya/xrenovaya-zakuska-recept-prigotovleniya-vkusnoj-zakuski-iz-xrena.html https://cutlife.ru/kulinariya/recepty-dranikov-iz-kartofelya-s-myasom-s-gribami-s-syrom-bez-yaic-bez-muki.html http://s-zametki.ru/samye-vkusnye-bliny-na-maslenitsu-foto-video.html http://culinar.ivest.kz/recipe/1430 https://yvision.kz/post/683896 http://kakpravilno-budet.ru/kak-pravilno-est/kak-pravilno-est-manty-video.html http://lovecook.me/vareniki https://yandex.ru/collections/card/57f629cb663518190f0a4740/ http://pravacheloveka.info/2012/11/16-noyabrya-projdyot-meropriyatie-po-tolerantnosti-dlya-shkol-nikov-nevskogo-rajona.html http://klass19.blogspot.com/2016/09/blog-post_91.html https://xn--80aaachidm9dfgbsf3b.xn--p1ai/ http://worldtranslation.org/news/973-byuro-perevodov-druzhba-narodov.html http://www.nashdom.us/home/jumor/zabavnye-stroki-podarennye-chitateljami/o-ljubvi
T.V. Yurchenko INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Interactive Textbook for 5-7 Gradesof Comprehensive Schools, Lyceums, Gymnasiums (Group Learning Version) Editor: Laura G. Yerekesheva Proofreader: Lyudmila B. Kostina Design and Layout: Zulfiya M. Sultanova Submitted for print Format 70x100. Сoated paper Headset “Times New Roman”. Offset printing Conditional printing sheets 6. Printout *** Printhouse “Izdatelskiy Dom MIR” Ltd. Office 803, 64 Zhibek Zholy Street, Almaty Tel: +7 (727) 273 3989
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